Abstract Rich in fiber and bioactive compounds, roselle calyx decoction residues offer opportunities in food processing. This study sought to develop a directly expanded snack with a mixture of corn and roselle calyx decoction residues, optimizing its physical qualities. It was conducted in 2023, using the response surface methodology with three factors and three responses. The directly expanded snack showed expansion index values between 1.75 to 2.64, bulk density of 0.15 to 0.38 g cm-3 and firmness of 6.8 to 19.6 N, with attractive purple-lilac shades. The regression models were adequate and using the desirability method, optimal conditions (OT= 132.3 °C, SS= 240 rpm) and roselle inclusion level (J= 12.4%) were determined for an optimized directly expanded snack. It was concluded that the inclusion of up to 12.4% of roselle calyx allowed obtaining snacks with excellent physical characteristics.

Resumen Los residuos de decocción cáliz de jamaica, ricos en fibra y compuestos bioactivos, ofrecen oportunidades en la elaboración de alimentos. Este estudio buscó desarrollar una botana directamente expandida con mezcla de maíz y residuos de decocción cáliz de jamaica, optimizando sus cualidades físicas. Se realizó en el año 2023, empleando la metodología de superficie de respuesta con tres factores y tres respuestas. La botana directamente expandida, mostraron valores de índice de expansión entre 1.75 a 2.64, densidad aparente de 0.15 a 0.38 g cm-3 y firmeza de 6.8 a 19.6 N, con tonalidades morado-lila atractivas. Los modelos de regresión fueron adecuados y mediante el método de deseabilidad, se determinaron condiciones óptimas (TS= 132.3 °C, VT= 240 rpm) y nivel de inclusión de jamaica (J= 12.4%) para una botana directamente expandida optimizada. Se concluyó que la inclusión de hasta un 12.4% de cáliz de jamaica permitió obtener botanas con excelentes características físicas.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color adaptation of single-shade resin composites applied to different tooth shades. A total of 108 class III preparations (n=6) were performed on the acrylic denture maxillary incisors (2mm depth and 2mm height). 5 single-shade resin composites (Vittra APS Unique, Omnichroma, ZenChroma, Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Universal, Charisma Topaz One) and 1 multishade resin composite (Estelite Asteria) were placed in the cavities and polished. I performed visual and instrumental color analyses. The CIEDE2000 formula was used to assess the shade differences (ΔE) between teeth and restorations. The obtained ΔE values were recorded and statistically analyzed. For the instrumental analysis, ZenChroma in A1 shade groups showed statistically significant higher differences (p<0.05). Among all tested materials, A3 shade groups showed lower ΔE values (p<0.05). For the visual analysis, there were no significant differences between materials and scores in A1 and A3 shade groups (p>0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the materials and the scores in A2 shade groups (p<0.05). As a result of this study, it was concluded that, making esthetic restorations with single-shade resin composites promises proper color adaptation, but their properties still need improvement. Single-shade resin composites can reduce chair-time and technical sensitivity with good color matching.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la adaptación del color de resinas compuestas omnicromáticas. Se realizaron un total de 108 preparaciones de clase III (n=6) en los incisivos superiores de prótesis acrílicas (2mm de profundidad y 2mm de altura). Se colocaron cinco resinas compuestas omnicromáticas (Vittra APS Unique, Omnichroma, ZenChroma, Clearfil Majesty ES-2 Universal, Charisma Topaz One), además de una resina multitono (Estelite Asteria) en las cavidades y se pulieron. Se realizó el análisis de color visual e instrumental. Se utilizó la fórmula CIEDE2000 para evaluar las diferencias de tono (ΔE) entre dientes y restauraciones. Los valores de ΔE obtenidos se registraron y analizaron estadísticamente. Para el análisis instrumental, ZenChroma en los grupos de color A1 mostró diferencias mayores estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05). Entre todos los materiales probados, los grupos de tonos A3 mostraron valores de ΔE más bajos (p<0.05). Para el análisis visual, no hubo diferencias significativas entre materiales y puntuaciones en los grupos de color A1 y A3 (p>0,05). Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los materiales y las puntuaciones en los grupos de color A2 (p<0,05). Como resultado de este estudio, se concluyó que la realización de restauraciones estéticas con resinas compuestas omnicromáticas promueve una adecuada adaptación del color, pero aún necesitan mejorar sus propiedades. Las resinas compuetas omnicromáticas pueden reducir el tiempo de atención clínica y la sensibilidad técnica con una adecuada combinación de colores.

Abstract Avocado scab causes great economic losses in Mexico and the world. This study aimed to provide an automatic method of quantifying this symptom. The proposed method uses polygonal regions from the a-b plane of the CIE L*a*b* color format to identify a color (even with variations) and different avocado fruit shades. The polygons were used to determine the scab percentage in 70 Hass avocado fruit images. The scab percentage was estimated with a diagrammatic scale, and the regression equation y = 0.5848x, with an r2 = 0.80, was found when comparing these results with scab percentages obtained from digitized images (observed). With the method presented in this study, the equation y = 0.9923x was found, with an r2 = 0.8672, so the proposed automatic method performed better.

Abstract La roña del aguacate causa grandes pérdidas económicas en México y en el mundo. El objetivo de este estudio fue proporcionar un método automático de cuantificación de este síntoma. El método propuesto utiliza regiones poligonales, del plano a-b, del formato de color CIE L*a*b* para identificar un color (aún con variaciones) y diferentes tonalidades del fruto de aguacate. Con los polígonos se determinó el porcentaje de roña en 70 imágenes de frutos cv. Hass. El porcentaje de roña se estimó con una escala diagramática y se encontró la ecuación de regresión y = 0.5848x, con una r2 = 0.80, al comparar estos resultados con porcentajes de roña obtenidos de imágenes digitalizadas (observados). Con el método presentado en este estudio, se encontró la ecuación y = 0.9923x, con una r2 = 0.8672, por lo que el método automático propuesto tuvo un mejor desempeño.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mordants on the variation of mean fibre diameter (MFD), spinning fineness (SF), and colour tone in alpaca fibre threads dyed with colli flowers (Buddleja coriacea). The dye was extracted using boiling water, followed by immersion of the thread in 160 ml of extract and post-mordanting with collpa, alum, and lemon salt at boiling temperature. MFD was measured using S-Fiber Med equipment. Colorimetry parameters were obtained using a spectrometer, and FT-IR spectrophotometer was used for identification of functional groups. MFD in colli-dyed and post-mordanted threads significantly increased with the addition of mordants, with the highest change observed with lemon salt (30.09 µm). The same trend was observed for SF Dyeing with colli flower extract and subsequent mordant application produced different shades and hues of yellow colour in alpaca thread with significant variations in colorimetry parameters and FT-IR spectrum intensity. The reflectance spectrum R (%) showed a typical yellow colour curve with small differences in intensity due to the mordants used. In conclusion, MFD in colli-dyed thread increased by 0.44 µm; collpa mordanted by 2.78 µm; alum by 3.31 µm, and lemon salt by 3.51 µm compared to white thread, also producing different shades and hues of yellow colour with significant variations in colorimetry parameters and K/S. The sample dyed with colli without mordant presented the highest intensity, and lower intensity was observed in post-mordanted samples in FT-IR.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de mordientes en la variación de diámetro medio de fibra (DMF), finura al hilado (FH) y el tono de color en hilos de fibra de alpaca teñidos con flores de colli (Buddleja coriacea). El colorante fue extraído usando agua a temperatura de ebullición, seguido del teñido mediante la inmersión del hilo en 160 ml de extracto y finalizando se hizo el pos-mordentado con ccollpa, alumbre y sal de limón a temperatura de ebullición. El DMF se midió utilizando el equipo S-Fiber Med. Los parámetros de colorimetría se obtuvieron utilizando un espectrómetro y para la identificación de los grupos funcionales se utilizó el espectrofotómetro FT-IR. El DMF en hilos teñidos con colli y pos-mordentados incrementaron significativamente con la adición de mordientes, observándose el mayor cambio con sal de limón (30.09 µm). Esta misma tendencia, se presentó para la finura al hilado. El teñido y la posterior aplicación del mordiente produjo diferentes tonos y matices de color amarillo en el hilo de alpaca con variaciones significativas en los parámetros de colorimetría y la intensidad del espectro FT-IR. El espectro de reflectancia R (%) mostró una curva típica del color amarillo con pequeñas diferencias en la intensidad según los mordientes utilizados. En conclusión, el DMF en hilo teñido con colli incrementó en 0.44 µm; mordentado con ccollpa en 2.78 µm; alumbre en 3.31 µm y con sal de limón en 3.51 µm comparado con el hilo blanco; además produjo diferentes tonos y matices de color amarillo con variaciones significativas en los parámetros de colorimetría y K/S. La muestra teñida con colli sin mordiente presentó la intensidad más alta y menor intensidad en muestras posmordentadas en FT-IR.

RÉSUMÉ Recourant au concept bourdieusien de champ scientifique, cet article s’attache à comprendre comment ont été définies les frontières qui délimitent ce qu’est l’Économie. À cette fin, les relations établies entre orthodoxes et hétérodoxes et entre orthodoxes, hétérodoxes et d’autres agents de terrain sont identifiées et analysées. À l’instar d’autres études, les programmes d’études supérieures de la PUC-Rio et de la FGV-Rio, d’une part, et de l’UFRJ et de l’Unicamp, d’autre part, ont été pris, respectivement, comme les représentants paradigmatiques de l’orthodoxie et de l’hétérodoxie. La cartographie des réseaux d’interaction montre que, malgré l’importance de l’opposition entre le libéralisme néoclassique et ses détracteurs, le processus continu de disputes autour des limites de définition de l’économie est complexe et multiforme. Au lieu d’aboutir exclusivement à l’affrontement entre dominants et non dominants, le champ abrite des orthodoxes et des hétérodoxes de diverses nuances, dans des situations différentes. scientifique sattache s attache quest qu lÉconomie. lÉconomie l Économie. Économie l’Économie fin dautres d autres analysées linstar instar études détudes PUCRio PUC Rio FGVRio, FGVRio FGV Rio, FGV-Rio dune une part lUFRJ UFRJ lUnicamp, lUnicamp Unicamp, Unicamp l’Unicamp dautre autre pris respectivement lorthodoxie orthodoxie lhétérodoxie. lhétérodoxie hétérodoxie. hétérodoxie l’hétérodoxie dinteraction interaction que limportance importance lopposition opposition détracteurs léconomie économie multiforme daboutir aboutir laffrontement affrontement nuances différentes

RESUMEN Recurriendo al concepto bourdiano de campo científico, este artículo se dedica a comprender cómo las fronteras que delimitan lo que es la Economía han sido definidas. Para tal fin, son identificadas y analizadas las relaciones establecidas entre ortodoxos y heterodoxos y entre ortodoxos, heterodoxos y los demás agentes del campo. Así como lo han hecho otros estudios, los programas de posgrado de la PUC-Rio y de la FGV-Rio, por un lado, y de la UFRJ y de la Unicamp, por el otro, fueron tomados, respectivamente, como los representantes paradigmáticos de la ortodoxia y de la heterodoxia. El mapeo de las redes de interacciones muestra que, a pesar de la importancia de la oposición entre el liberalismo neoclásico y sus críticos, el proceso continuo de disputas en torno de los limites definidores de la Economía es complejo y multifacético. En vez de encerrarse exclusivamente en el enfrentamiento entre dominantes y no dominantes, el campo abriga ortodoxos y heterodoxos de variados matices y en diferentes situaciones. científico definidas fin estudios PUCRio PUC Rio FGVRio, FGVRio FGV Rio, FGV-Rio lado Unicamp otro tomados respectivamente heterodoxia críticos multifacético situaciones

ABSTRACT This article aims at understanding how the boundaries of economics have been set. Using the Bourdieusian concept of the scientific field, it identifies and analyzes the relationships established between orthodox and heterodox, as well as among orthodox, heterodox and other agents in the field. As in previous studies, the graduate programs of PUC-Rio and FGV-Rio, on the one hand, and UFRJ and Unicamp, on the other, were taken respectively as paradigmatic examples of orthodoxy and heterodoxy. The mapping of interaction networks shows that, despite the importance of the opposition between neoclassical liberalism and its critics, the continuous disputes around setting boundaries in economics is complex and multifaceted. Rather than being restricted to a confrontation between dominant and non-dominant agents, the field is home to orthodox and heterodox scholars of varying shades in various contexts. set studies PUCRio PUC Rio FGVRio, FGVRio FGV Rio, FGV-Rio hand Unicamp heterodoxy that critics multifaceted nondominant non contexts

RESUMO Recorrendo ao conceito bourdieusiano de campo científico, este artigo se dedica a compreender como as fronteiras que delimitam o que é a Economia têm sido definidas. Para tanto, são identificadas e analisadas as relações estabelecidas entre ortodoxos e heterodoxos e entre ortodoxos, heterodoxos e os demais agentes do campo. A exemplo de outros estudos, os programas de pós-graduação da PUC-Rio e da FGV-Rio, de um lado, e da UFRJ e da Unicamp, de outro, foram tomados, respectivamente, como os representantes paradigmáticos da ortodoxia e da heterodoxia. O mapeamento das redes de interações mostra que, em que pese a importância da oposição entre o liberalismo neoclássico e seus críticos, o processo contínuo de disputas em torno dos limites definidores da Economia é complexo e multifacetado. Em vez de se encerrar exclusivamente no enfrentamento entre dominantes e não dominantes, o campo abriga ortodoxos e heterodoxos de variadas matizes, em diferentes situações. científico definidas tanto estudos pósgraduação pós graduação PUCRio PUC Rio FGVRio, FGVRio FGV Rio, FGV-Rio lado Unicamp outro tomados respectivamente heterodoxia críticos multifacetado matizes situações

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the relationship between patients' and dentists’ perceptions of shade selection and its impact on satisfaction with the prosthesis. Material and Methods: A single group pre-post study was conducted at the Prosthodontics department of a teaching hospital in India. One hundred ten participants were selected through a systematic random sampling technique with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients' attitudes regarding the aesthetics of their maxillary anterior teeth were recorded using a validated questionnaire. Shades for the intended prosthetic crown selected by the dentist and chosen by the patient were recorded separately, and patient satisfaction with the appearance of the final prosthesis was recorded. We used descriptive statistics followed by Pearson’s Chi-square test and a binomial logistic regression model for inferential statistics. Results: 109 participant’s data were available for final analysis. Patients choose lighter shades than the dentist’s selection, which is statistically significant (p=0.000). 73.4% were satisfied with the final prosthesis, and the binomial logistic regression model identified using patient-selected shade for the final prosthesis was significantly associated with patients' satisfaction with the final prosthesis (OR=3.3, p=0.001). Conclusion: The patient's preference should be considered with the dentist's option when selecting a shade to create good esthetics. Objective patients dentists Methods prepost pre post India criteria questionnaire separately Pearsons Pearson s Chisquare Chi square Results 10 participant analysis p=0.000. p0000 p p=0.000 . 0 000 (p=0.000) 734 73 4 73.4 patientselected OR=3.3, OR33 OR 3 (OR=3.3 p=0.001. p0001 p=0.001 001 p=0.001) Conclusion esthetics 1 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.000 7 73. OR=3.3 OR3 (OR=3. p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 OR=3. (OR=3 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 OR=3 (OR= p=0 (p=0. OR= (OR p= (p=0 (p= (p

Abstract Delimiting species is challenging in recently diverged species, and adaptive radiation is fundamental to understanding the evolutionary processes because it requires multiple ecological opportunities associated with adaptation to biotic and abiotic environments. The young Petunia genus (Solanaceae) is an excellent opportunity to study speciation because of its association with pollinators and unique microenvironments. This study evaluated the phylogenetic relationships among a Petunia clade species with different floral syndromes that inhabit several environments. We based our work on multiple individuals per lineage and employed nuclear and plastid phylogenetic markers and nuclear microsatellites. The phylogenetic tree revealed two main groups regarding the elevation of the distribution range, whereas microsatellites showed high polymorphism-sharing splitting lineages into three clusters. Isolation by distance, migration followed by new environment colonization, and shifts in floral syndrome were the motors for lineage differentiation, including infraspecific structuring, which suggests the need for taxonomic revision in the genus. environments Solanaceae (Solanaceae microenvironments range polymorphismsharing polymorphism sharing clusters distance colonization differentiation structuring

Abstract This study assessed the reliability of a color measurement method using images obtained from a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and a stereoscopic loupe. Disc-shaped specimens were created using the composite Filtek Z350 XT (shades DA1, DA2, DA3, and DA4) (n = 3). CIELAB color coordinates of the specimens were measured using the spectrophotometer SP60 over white and black backgrounds. Images of the same specimens were taken using a CCD camera attached to a stereoscopic loupe. The color of the image was measured (red–green–blue [RGB]) using an image processing software and converted to CIELAB coordinates. For each color coordinate, data from images were adjusted using linear regressions predicting those values from SP60. The whiteness index for dentistry (WID) and translucency parameter (TP00) of the specimens as well as the color differences (ΔE00) among pairwise shades were calculated. Data were analyzed via repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). Images obtained using the loupe tended to be darker and redder than the actual color. Data adjustment resulted in similar WID, ΔE00, and TP00 values to those observed for the spectrophotometer. Differences were observed only for the WID of shade DA3 and ΔE00 for comparing DA1 and DA3 over the black background. However, these differences were not clinically relevant. The use of adjusted data from images taken using a stereoscopic loupe is considered a feasible method for color measurement. chargecoupled charge coupled (CCD Discshaped Disc shaped Z Z35 DA DA2 DA4 n 3. 3 . 3) SP SP6 backgrounds red–green–blue redgreenblue red green blue RGB [RGB] coordinate (WID TP (TP00 ΔE (ΔE00 calculated repeatedmeasures repeated measures Tukeys Tukey s α 0.05. 005 0.05 0 05 0.05) TP0 ΔE0 background However relevant Z3 [RGB (TP0 (ΔE0 00 0.0 (TP (ΔE 0.

Abstract: Leucism is an anomaly recorded in fish species as well as in many other groups of animals in natural environments. An individual with leucism is characterized by the loss of brown or black pigmentation over most of the body. Here, we recorded this condition for an individual of marbled swamp eel Synbranchus marmoratus (Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae) captured in the Furnas megareservoir, Grande River basin, in Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. The individual had a general color of the body with shades ranging from pale to intense yellowish, but the eyes were black. We also present a discussion on the influence of leucism on the survival of the individual in this study. Abstract environments Here Synbranchiformes (Synbranchiformes Synbranchidae megareservoir basin state Brazil yellowish study

Resumo: Leucismo é uma anomalia registrada em espécies de peixes assim como em muitos outros grupos de animais em ambientes naturais. Um indivíduo com leucismo é caracterizado pela perda de pigmentação marrom ou preta na maior parte do corpo. Neste trabalho, nós registramos essa condição para um indivíduo de muçum Synbranchus marmoratus (Synbranchiformes: Synbranchidae) capturado no megareservatório de Furnas, bacia do Rio Grande, no estado de Minas Gerais, sudeste brasileiro. O indivíduo apresentava coloração geral do corpo com tonalidades que variavam do amarelado pálido ao intenso, mas os olhos eram pretos. Nós também apresentamos uma discussão sobre a influência do leucismo na sobrevivência do indivíduo deste estudo. Resumo naturais trabalho Synbranchiformes (Synbranchiformes Synbranchidae Furnas Grande Gerais brasileiro intenso pretos estudo

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of surrounding and background shades on the color adjustment potential (CAP) and visual color match of two single-shade composites, Vittra APS Unique and Charisma Diamond One. Cylinder-shaped specimens were constructed, consisting of either single-shade composites alone (simple) or composites surrounded by the Forma material at shades A1 or A3 (dual). Simple specimens using only the Forma at the specified shades were also prepared. Color measurements of simple specimens were taken against a gray background using a spectrophotometer. For dual specimens, the color of the inner composite was measured against a gray or chromatic (the same shade as the outer composite) background. Color differences (ΔE00) between the single-shade composites and the A1/A3 composite were calculated. CAP was determined by comparing data from simple and dual specimens. Four experienced dentists scored the color match (perfect to unacceptable) for each specimen using a viewing booth illuminated by an illuminant D65. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results showed that both single-shade composites showed the lowest color discrepancies when they were compared to A1 and A3. Using a chromatic background only significantly affected the CAP when the outer composite was A3. The visual analysis showed poor color matches between the single-shade and control chromatic composites, except for Charisma Diamond One surrounded by A1. In conclusion, the CAP values of the evaluated single-shade composites were impacted by both surrounding shade and background color, and the color match of these materials tended to be poor. (CAP singleshade single Cylindershaped Cylinder shaped constructed (simple A dual. . (dual) prepared spectrophotometer ΔE00 ΔE (ΔE00 A1A3 AA A1/A calculated perfect unacceptable D65 D repeatedmeasures repeated measures KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis test conclusion (dual ΔE0 (ΔE0 A1A D6 (ΔE

Resumo Este estudo avaliou os efeitos da cor do entorno e do fundo no potencial de ajuste de cor (PAC) e na correspondência visual de cor de dois compósitos monocromáticos, Vittra APS Unique e Charisma Diamond One. Amostras em formato cilíndrico foram criadas utilizando os compósitos monocromáticos e de cor A1/A3. Algumas amostras dos compósitos monocromáticos foram circundadas pelos compósitos A1 ou A3, formando amostras duplas. Medidas de cor das amostras simples foram obtidas em um fundo cinza utilizando um espectrofotômetro. Para as amostras duplas, a cor do compósito interno foi medida em um fundo cinza ou cromático (com a mesma cor do compósito externo). As diferenças de cor (ΔE00) entre os compósitos de monocromáticos e os compósitos A1/A3 foram calculadas. O PAC foi determinado comparando os dados das amostras simples e duplas. Quatro dentistas experientes avaliaram a correspondência de cor (de perfeita a inaceitável) para cada espécime utilizando uma cabine de visualização iluminada por uma iluminante D65. Dados foram analisados por ANOVA de medidas repetidas e teste de Kruskal-Wallis test. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os compósitos monocromáticos apresentaram as menores discrepâncias de cor quando comparados a A1 que em relação a A3. O uso de um fundo cromático afetou significativamente o PAC apenas quando o compósito externo era A3. A análise visual mostrou correspondência de cor fraca entre os compósitos monocromáticos e os compósitos cromáticos de controle, com exceção do Charisma Diamond One circundado por A1. Em conclusão, os valores de PAC dos compósitos monocromáticos avaliados foram impactados tanto pela cor do entorno quanto pela cor de fundo, e a correspondência visual de cor desses materiais tendeu a ser ruim. (PAC A1A3 AA A3 duplas espectrofotômetro externo. . externo) ΔE00 ΔE (ΔE00 A1/A calculadas inaceitável D65 D KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis test controle conclusão ruim A1A ΔE0 (ΔE0 D6 (ΔE

RESUMO: A literatura refere-se a populismo para qualificar tanto partidos políticos como movimentos políticos não institucionalizados, mas também o estende a certo tipo de política econômica, ainda que comparando governos de diferentes matizes e com práticas bastante diversas. A polissemia do conceito se atribui, em parte, porque os autores o utilizam com diferentes objetivos e designando fenômenos distintos, com implicações sobre a formulação e/ou execução de políticas econômicas. Diante disso, o objetivo deste artigo é investigar quatro aspectos centrais para o estudo do populismo. Primeiro, as origens do conceito. Segundo, suas dimensões analíticas distintas. Terceiro, os instrumentos de produção intelectual que embasam suas análises. Finalmente, o modo como tais instrumentos corroboram para a formulação de interpretações pejorativas das assim chamadas “experiências populistas”, que têm dificuldade para captar a relação entre populismo e crises econômicas. Para tanto, revisamos as diferentes interpretações do populismo atentando para contextos históricos e fundamentos teóricos e intelectuais. Com isso, pretendemos contribuir para uma nova agenda de investigação sobre o populismo como fenômeno político-econômico das sociedades modernas. RESUMO referese refere institucionalizados econômica diversas atribui parte distintos eou ou econômicas disso Primeiro Segundo distintas Terceiro análises Finalmente experiências populistas, populistas , populistas” intelectuais isso políticoeconômico político econômico modernas

ABSTRACT: The literature refers to populism to qualify both political parties and non-institutionalized political movements, but also extends it to a certain type of economic policy, even if it is comparing governments of different shades and with very diversified economic policies and practices. Such polysemy of the concept can be attributed, in part, because authors use it with different objectives and also to designate different phenomena, with implications in the formulation and/or execution of economic policies. This way, the purpose of this paper is to investigate four aspects central to the study of populism. First, the origins of the concept. Second, its distinct analytical dimensions. Third, the instruments of the production of thought that support the analysis of populism. Finally, how these intellectual instruments help to forge pejorative interpretations of the so-called “populists’ experiences”, as well as presenting difficulties in capturing the relationship between populism and economic crises. To do so, we review the literature on the interpretations of populism paying attention to its intellectual ground and context. By doing this, we intend to contribute to the construction of a new research agenda on populism as a phenomenon in modern societies. ABSTRACT noninstitutionalized non institutionalized movements policy practices attributed part phenomena andor or way First Second dimensions Third Finally socalled so called populists “populists experiences, experiences , experiences” crises context societies

Abstract This study evaluated the background and effect of surrounding colors on the color blending of a single-shade composite used in a thin layer. Disc-shaped specimens (1.0 mm thickness) were built with the Vittra APS Unique composite surrounded (dual specimens) or not surrounded (simple specimens) by a control composite (shade A1, A2, or A3). Simple specimens were also built with only control composites. The specimen color was measured against white and black backgrounds with a spectrophotometer (CIELAB system). The whiteness index for dentistry (WID) was calculated for simple specimens. Differences (ΔE00) in color and translucency parameters (ΔTP00) between the simple/dual specimens and the controls were calculated. The translucency adjustment potential (TAP) and color adjustment potential (CAP) were estimated based on the ratios between data from simple and dual specimens. The Vittra APS Unique composite showed higher WID values than the controls. No differences between ΔTP00_SIMPLE and ΔTP00_DUAL were observed for any of the shades. The composite shade did not affect TAP values. The lowest values of ΔE00_SIMPLE and ΔE00_DUAL were observed for shade A1 regardless of the background color. For the white background, ΔE00_SIMPLE values did not differ from those of ΔE00_DUAL for all shades. Only A1 showed ΔE00_DUAL values lower than ΔE00_SIMPLE when the black background was used. The highest modulus of CAP (negative values for the white background) was observed when shade A1 surrounded the Vittra APS Unique composite. The color blending ability of the single-shade resin composite used in a thin layer was affected by both the surrounding shade and background color. singleshade single Discshaped Disc shaped 1.0 10 1 0 (1. thickness A A2 A3. A3 . A3) composites CIELAB system. system system) (WID ΔE00 ΔE (ΔE00 ΔTP00 ΔTP (ΔTP00 simpledual (TAP (CAP ΔTP00SIMPLE ΔTPSIMPLE SIMPLE ΔTP00DUAL ΔTPDUAL DUAL shades ΔE00SIMPLE ΔESIMPLE ΔE00DUAL ΔEDUAL negative 1. (1 ΔE0 (ΔE0 ΔTP0 (ΔTP0 ( (ΔE (ΔTP

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the translucency, contrast ratio and masking ability of a translucent zirconia with different thicknesses. Methods: Disc shaped specimens (n= 3) with 10 mm (Ø) x 1.5 mm, 1 mm and 0.7 mm (thickness) were manufactured simulating all-ceramic simplified restorations. Substrate discs (n= 2; Ø: 10 mm; thickness: 2 mm) were simulated with composite resin shades: A2 (positive control) and C4; and metal alloys: silver (Ni-Cr) and golden (Cu-Al). Optical properties of the 9 translucent zirconia specimens placed on the 3 different substrates were analyzed by a spectrophotometer. The color variation (ΔE00) between each ceramic structure over the positive control substrate (A2) and over the dark backgrounds (C4, silvery, golden) were obtained as to their ceramic masking ability and subjected to non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test (5%). The translucency parameter (TP00) and contrast ratio (CR) of the different thicknesses of the ceramic discs were also collected and analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test (5%). Results: The translucent zirconia showed greater opacity in the thickness of 1.5 mm, although it was not statistically different between 0.7 and 1.0 mm. All dark backgrounds significantly affected the final color of the simplified restoration in all evaluated thicknesses. However, the increase in ceramic thickness showed a decrease in ΔE00 values for all substrates. Conclusion: The translucent zirconia was not able to mask the dark substrates, independent of the evaluated thickness. Objectives Methods n= n (n Ø (Ø 15 5 1. 07 0 7 0. (thickness allceramic restorations shades A C4 C alloys NiCr Ni Cr (Ni-Cr CuAl. CuAl Cu Al . (Cu-Al) spectrophotometer ΔE (ΔE00 (A2 C4, (C4 silvery nonparametric non parametric 5%. 5% (5%) TP00 TP (TP00 CR (CR oneway one way Results However ΔE0 Conclusion (Cu-Al (ΔE0 (A (C (5% TP0 (TP0 (ΔE (5 (TP (

RESUMO Objetivos: Avaliar a translucidez, razão de contraste e capacidade de mascaramento de uma zircônia translúcida com diferentes espessuras. Métodos: Espécimes em forma de disco (n= 3) com 10 mm (Ø) x 1,5 mm, 1 mm e 0,7 mm (espessura) foram confeccionados simulando restaurações simplificadas em cerâmica pura. Discos de substrato (n= 2; Ø: 10 mm; espessura: 2 mm) foram simulados com as cores de resina composta: A2 (controle positivo) e C4; e ligas metálicas: prata (Ni-Cr) e ouro (Cu-Al). As propriedades ópticas dos 9 espécimes de zircônia translúcida posicionados nos 3 substratos diferentes foram analisadas por um espectrofotômetro. A variação de cor (ΔE00) entre cada espécime cerâmico sobre o substrato controle positivo (A2) e sobre os fundos escuros (C4, prateado, dourado) foi calculada quanto à capacidade de mascaramento da cerâmica e submetida ao teste não paramétrico de Kruskal Wallis (5%). O parâmetro de translucidez (TP00) e a razão de contraste (CR) das diferentes espessuras dos discos cerâmicos também foram coletados e analisados por ANOVA de uma via e teste de Tukey (5%). Resultados: A zircônia translúcida apresentou maior opacidade na espessura de 1,5 mm, embora não tenha sido estatisticamente diferente entre 0,7 e 1,0 mm. Todos os fundos escuros afetaram significativamente a cor final da restauração simplificada em todas as espessuras avaliadas. No entanto, o aumento da espessura da cerâmica mostrou uma diminuição nos valores de ΔE00 para todos os substratos. Conclusão: A zircônia translúcida não foi capaz de mascarar os substratos escuros, independente da espessura avaliada. Objetivos Métodos n= n (n Ø (Ø 15 5 1, 07 0 7 0, (espessura pura composta C4 C metálicas NiCr Ni Cr (Ni-Cr CuAl. CuAl Cu Al . (Cu-Al) espectrofotômetro ΔE (ΔE00 (A2 C4, (C4 prateado dourado 5%. 5% (5%) TP00 TP (TP00 CR (CR Resultados avaliadas entanto ΔE0 Conclusão avaliada (Cu-Al (ΔE0 (A (C (5% TP0 (TP0 (ΔE (5 (TP (

Abstract The thickness and shade of a restoration will affect the transmission of light from the light-curing unit (LCU). This study determined the power (mW), spectral radiant power (mW/nm), and beam profile of different LCUs through various thicknesses and shades of a CAD-CAM resin composite (BRAVA Block, FGM). Five thicknesses: 0.5; 0.75; 1.0; 1.5, and 2.0 mm, in three shades: Bleach; A2 and A3.5 of a CAD-CAM resin (n = 5). Two single-peak LCUs: EL, Elipar DeepCure-S (3M Oral Care); and OP, Optilight Max (Gnatus), and one multiple-peak LCU: VL, VALO Grand (Ultradent), were used. The LCUs were positioned touching the surface of the BRAVA Block. The power and emission spectrum were measured using a fiberoptic spectrometer attached to an integrating sphere, and the beam profiles using a laser beam profiler. The effect of the material thickness on the light attenuation coefficients was determined. VL and EL delivered more homogeneous beam profiles than OP. The type of the BRAVA Block had a significant effect on the transmitted power, and wavelengths of transmitted light (p < 0.001). There was an exponential reduction in the power and emission spectrum as the thickness of the BRAVA Block increased (p < 0.001). The light transmission through the A2 shade was least affected by the thickness (p < 0.001). The attenuation coefficient was higher for the violet light and higher for A3.5 than the A2 or Bleach shades. No violet light from the VL could be detected at the bottom of 2.0 mm of the BRAVA Block. lightcuring curing LCU. LCU . (LCU) mW, mW , (mW) mW/nm, mWnm mW/nm nm (mW/nm) CADCAM CAD CAM FGM. FGM FGM) 0.5 05 0 5 0.75 075 75 1.0 10 1 15 1.5 20 2 2. A A35 A3 A3. n 5. 5) singlepeak single peak DeepCureS DeepCure S 3M M Care Care) OP Gnatus, Gnatus (Gnatus) multiplepeak multiple Ultradent, Ultradent (Ultradent) used sphere profiler p 0.001. 0001 0.001 001 0.001) (LCU (mW (mW/nm 0. 0.7 07 7 1. (Gnatus (Ultradent 000 0.00 00 0.0

Abstract The growing focus on solar energy has led to an expansion of large solar energy projects globally. However, the appearance of shades in large-scale photovoltaic arrays drastically decreases the output power as well as several peaks of power in the P-V characteristics. In that matter, we find the most widely adopted total cross tie (TCT) interconnection patterns that can reduce the loss of mismatch. Furthermore, the PV panels can be organised using either electrical or physical reconfiguration methods to overcome these problems. The physical relocation methods are both practical and efficient to disperse the shadow. This work fits in this context, where the goal is to study the magic square view (MSV), the physical rearrangement of the PV module in a TCT scheme. The simulation results reveal the effectiveness of the MSV in scattering the shade over the whole photovoltaic array. For validation, four types of partial shading conditions (PSCs) patterns are considered and then compared with the TCT and the recently proved competence square (CS) techniques: short and wide (SW), long and wide (LW), long and narrow (LN), and short and narrow (SN) shading patterns. Overall, the MSV method is essential in improving the PV array's output power enhancement under shaded conditions. A very clear improvement is obtained in the long and wide partial shading pattern.