ABSTRACT This article aims to elucidate the legal situation of the incarcerated population with disabilities in Peru. To achieve this, a study is conducted on individuals with disabilities within the Peruvian penal reality, followed by an analysis of the corresponding legal framework and local progress and challenges regarding their rights. Proposed improvements to the prison system aim to enhance accessibility, availability, acceptability, and inclusion in correctional facilities. These enhancements involve treating vulnerability with humane considerations, replacing the traditional rehabilitative policy as the primary purpose of punishment. Additionally, the establishment of penal execution courts is proposed for processing penitentiary benefits. A qualitative methodology with a documentary design and descriptive scope is employed. As a key finding, given the extreme vulnerability of the incarcerated population with disabilities in Peru, there is a highlighted need to imbue the prison sentence with distributive political foundations, aligning with international Human Rights standards prioritizing the reduction of structural barriers. In this regard, the adoption of a humane treatment policy and the implementation of penal execution courts are deemed viable measures to reduce the vulnerability of inmates with disabilities and promote the respect of their fundamental rights.

RESUMEN En este artículo se busca explicar la situación jurídica de la población penitenciaria con discapacidad en el Perú. Para ello, se realiza un estudio sobre las personas con discapacidad dentro de la realidad penitenciaria peruana, seguido por el análisis del marco jurídico respectivo, así como los avances y desafíos locales de sus derechos. Se propone mejoras al sistema penitenciario en aras de brindar una mayor accesibilidad, disponibilidad, aceptabilidad e inclusión en los establecimientos carcelarios. Estas mejoras consisten en el trato humano de la vulnerabilidad en reemplazo de la política resocializadora tradicional en tanto finalidad de la pena y la instauración de juzgados de ejecución penal para el procesamiento de los beneficios penitenciarios. Se emplea una metodología cualitativa con diseño documental y alcance descriptivo. Por último, como principales hallazgos, dada la extrema vulnerabilidad en que vive la población penitenciaria con discapacidad en el Perú, se destaca la necesidad de dotar a la pena de prisión de fundamentos políticos distributivos, facilitando así la alineación con estándares internacionales de derechos humanos que prioricen la reducción de barreras estructurales. En este respecto, es viable la adopción de la política del trato humano y la implementación de juzgados de ejecución penal con la finalidad de reducir la vulnerabilidad de los reclusos con discapacidad y promover el respeto de sus derechos fundamentales.

ABSTRACT Sentence 1364-17-EP/23 of Constitutional Court and article 233 of the CRE regarding embezzlement seems to be closed. It is stated that both public servants and the ones who do not hold this condition can be authors regardless of their conduct. The resolution is not acceptable as it did not confront whether the content of the constitutional precept was sufficient to comply with the determination required to classify a conduct. The debate cannot be closed without reaching these levels of analysis. The aim of this article is to challenge this decision with arguments that were not considered and can be used to question the conclusions reached. From the explanation of what an intraneus and an extraneus are, other ways of interpreting article 233 are proposed. Among the alternatives, the selected is the one that is believed to be in harmony with the entire system of regulations. Article 233 establishes the need to sanction to non-public and private servants as perpetrators of embezzlement. However, it is not enough to be applied directly. It is the principle of legality that fulfills the mandate of determination. Finally, it is highlighted that the criminal law does contemplate cases where people without the status of public servants may intervene as perpetrators, cases in which there is certainty about the prohibited conduct.

RESUMEN La Sentencia 1364-17-EP/23 de la Corte Constitucional aparentemente cerró la discusión sobre el alcance del art. 233 de la CRE en lo que respecta al peculado. Se afirma serían autores tanto servidores públicos como sujetos que no ostenten esta condición, independientemente de sus conductas. La resolución es insatisfactoria. En la misma no se confrontó si el contenido del precepto constitucional era suficiente para cumplir con la determinación que requiere la tipificación de una conducta. El debate no puede cerrarse sin alcanzar estos niveles de análisis. El objetivo de este artículo es desafiar esta decisión, presentando argumentos que no fueron considerados, y a través de estos, cuestionar las conclusiones alcanzadas. Desde la explicación de lo que es un intraneus y un extraneus, se plantea otras formas de interpretar el art. 233. Entre las alternativas, se selecciona la que se cree que guarda armonía con todo el sistema de normas. El art. 233 fija la necesidad de que en el peculado se sancione como autores a no servidores públicos y a privados, pero no es suficiente para ser aplicado directamente. Es el principio de legalidad el que cumple con el mandato de determinación. Finalmente, se resalta que la norma penal sí contempla supuestos donde pueden intervenir como autores personas sin la calidad de servidores públicos, casos en los que existe certeza sobre la conducta prohibida.

ABSTRACT I plan to expose the difficult legal situation of deprivation of liberty and transfers to different deprivation of liberty centers. To do this, it is necessary to verify the theories of punishment that our legal system intends to follow, which will allow us to know the reasons for the regulations issued regarding penitentiary guarantees. Likewise, know the regulatory status of transfers and their immediate relationship with habeas corpus. The path that is intended to be followed between the supposed denaturalization of jurisdictional guarantees and the absence of judicial control. Likewise, raise the relationship that exists on transfers and other prison conflicts such as overcrowding, violence and lack of prison staff and that has an impact on several constitutional rights such as family unity, the right to defense, among others. Finally, possible solutions are sought to the problems caused by the transfers of people deprived of liberty, especially on the contradiction between article 668.2 of the COIP that prevents transfers through a jurisdictional guarantee and the sentence of the Court Constitutional n.º 365-18-JH/21 and accumulated (Personal integrity of persons deprived of liberty) that enables the possibility of carrying it out in cases of impact on the right to personal integrity.

RESUMEN En el presente artículo se plantea exponer la difícil situación legal de la privación de libertad y los traslados a distintos centros de privación de libertad. Para ello, es necesario verificar las teorías de la pena que nuestro ordenamiento jurídico pretende seguir, lo que permitirá saber las razones de la normativa expedida en materia de garantías penitenciarias. Así también, conocer el estado normativo de los traslados y su relación inmediata con el hábeas corpus. Camino que se pretende seguir entre la supuesta desnaturalización de garantías jurisdiccionales y la ausencia de un control judicial. De igual forma, plantear la relación que existe sobre los traslados y otros conflictos carcelarios como el hacinamiento, la violencia, la falta de personal penitenciario y que tiene incidencia en varios derechos constitucionales como la unidad familiar, derecho a la defensa, entre otros. Finalmente, se buscan posibles salidas a la problemática que acarrean los traslados de personas privadas de libertad, de manera especial sobre la contradicción entre el art. 668.2 del Código Orgánico Integral Penal que impide realizar traslados a través de una garantía jurisdiccional y la sentencia de la Corte Constitucional n.º 365-18-JH/21 y acumulados (Integridad personal de personas privadas de libertad) que habilita la posibilidad de realizarlo en casos de afectación al derecho a la integridad personal.

Abstract Introduction In clinical practice, patients with the same degree and configuration of hearing loss, or even with normal audiometric thresholds, present substantially different performances in terms of speech perception. This probably happens because other factors, in addition to auditory sensitivity, interfere with speech perception. Thus, studies are needed to investigate the performance of listeners in unfavorable listening conditions to identify the processes that interfere in the speech perception of these subjects. Objective To verify the influence of age, temporal processing, and working memory on speech recognition in noise. Methods Thirty-eight adult and elderly individuals with normal hearing thresholds participated in the study. Participants were divided into two groups: The adult group (G1), composed of 10 individuals aged 21 to 33 years, and the elderly group (G2), with 28 participants aged 60 to 81 years. They underwent audiological assessment with the Portuguese Sentence List Test, Gaps-in-Noise test, Digit Span Memory test, Running Span Task, Corsi Block-Tapping test, and Visual Pattern test. Results The Running Span Task score proved to be a statistically significant predictor of the listening-in-noise variable. This result showed that the difference in performance between groups G1 and G2 in relation to listening in noise is due not only to aging, but also to changes in working memory. Conclusion The study showed that working memory is a predictor of listening performance in noise in individuals with normal hearing, and that this task can provide important information for investigation in individuals who have difficulty hearing in unfavorable environments. practice loss factors sensitivity Thus subjects age processing Thirtyeight Thirty eight G1, G , (G1) 1 2 3 years G2, (G2) 6 8 Test GapsinNoise Gaps Noise test BlockTapping Block Tapping listeninginnoise variable aging environments (G1 (G2 (G

Riassunto L’articolo esamina l’ipotesi, formulata qualche anno fa da Pilar Lorenzo (2013 e 2016), secondo la quale i Lais de Bretanha circolarono in maniera indipendente e in ordine diverso. Una nuova analisi dei dati positivi non permette di confermare questa teoria. Indipendentemente dall’ordine primitivo delle cantigas ‘bretoni’, è altamente probabile che i Lais e le rispettive rubriche siano state composte in due momenti distinti. In particolare, la redazione delle rubriche potrebbe risalire all’epoca in cui i Lais furono inseriti nell’exemplar dei Canzonieri portoghesi di Colocci e, di conseguenza, l’ultima pericope della rubrica di B1 (Este lais posemos acá porque era o melhor que foi feito) giustificherebbe, non la prima posizione che il testo venne ad assumere nella Laissammlung, bensì la funzione di ‘prologo in versi’ che il compilatore aveva assegnato a B1 nella sua collezione di cantigas. L’articolo, inoltre, aggiunge alcuni elementi che convergono con l’ipotesi - già a suo tempo formulata da Carolina Michaëlis de Vasconcellos - secondo la quale D. Pedro, Conte de Barcelos (e la sua cerchia aristocratica) sarebbe stato il responsabile dell’inserimento dei Lais nell’exemplar e della redazione delle rubriche.

Abstract The paper examines the hypothesis, put forward a few years ago by Pilar Lorenzo Gradín (2013 and 2016), according to which the Lais de Bretanha would have circulated independently and in a different order. A new analysis of the positive data does not confirm this theory. Regardless of the primitive order of the ‘Breton’ cantigas, it is highly probable that the Lais and the associated rubrics were composed at two different times. In particular, the rubrics could be written at the time when the Lais were inserted in the exemplar of the Colocci’s Portuguese Cancioneiros and, consequently, the last sentence of the rubric of B1 (Este lais posemos acá porque era o melhor que foi feito) could justify, not the first position that the text came to assume in the Laissammlung, but the function of “prologue in verse” that the compiler had assigned to B1 in the structure of the collection of cantigas. In addition, the article adds some elements that agree with the hypothesis - already put forward by Carolina Michaëlis de Vasconcellos - according to which D. Pedro, Earl of Barcelos (and his aristocratic circle) was responsible for the insertion of the Lais into the exemplar and the redaction of rubrics.

Resumen Las investigaciones relacionadas con los beneficiarios en la lengua española se enfocan mayoritariamente en el análisis de un único tipo de beneficiario: aquel que funge como potencial receptor de una entidad. Sin embargo, Van Valin y LaPolla (1997), Smith (2005, 2010) y Kitillä y Zúñiga (2010), entre otros, sostienen que el beneficio puede expresarse de distintas formas, dependiendo de cómo se involucra el participante afectado positivamente en la consecución del evento denotado en la oración. En seguimiento de esta idea, el presente trabajo estudia los distintos tipos de beneficiarios que se pueden codificar en español; de manera específica, aquellos que son introducidos por medio de frases encabezadas por las preposiciones por y para. Para su análisis se retoma la taxonomía propuesta por Van Valin y LaPolla (1997), la cual clasifica a los beneficiarios en tres clases: beneficiario recipiente, beneficiario deputativo y beneficiario llano o plano. La muestra recabada para este trabajo registra el uso de los tres tipos. El análisis permite ver que su aparición se encuentra condicionada por diversos factores semánticos y sintácticos, entre ellos: la preposición que lo introduce (o por o para o ambas), la valencia del verbo núcleo de la oración y su clase semántica, así como el rasgo concreto o abstracto asociado a los segundos argumentos de los verbos bivalentes y trivalentes.

Abstract Research on Spanish benefactive constructions examines mostly one type of beneficiary: the one acting as a potential recipient. However, some studies, including Van Valin and LaPolla (1997), Smith (2005, 2010), and Kitillä and Zúñiga (2010), argue that benefaction can be expressed in different ways, depending on the involvement of the positively affected participant in the event described in the sentence. Following this idea, we analyze various types of benefaction in Spanish, particularly those where the beneficiaries are coded in phrases introduced by the prepositions por and para. We employ the taxonomy proposed by Van Valin and LaPolla (1997), which classifies beneficiaries into three types: the recipient, the deputative, and the plain beneficiary. Analysis of our sample shows the presence of all three types. Their use is related to specific semantic and syntactic factors, such as the preposition that introduces them (either por or para or both), the verbal valency of the clause nucleus and its semantic class, and the concrete or abstract attribute of the second arguments of bivalent and trivalent verbs.

Abstract: This study examines how the sentiment values in the first part of the book entitled as “Underground” of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s ”Notes from Underground” change from words to sentences to paragraphs. Using the GPT-4 language model, we conducted a descriptive analysis of standardized sentiment values and calculated cumulative binned values of the sentiment trajectories over the text. We then created differential equation models to model the sentiment tones using quantile regression analysis. We show that binned values can reveal a more dynamic and potentially chaotic structure when applied to the cumulative sum of sentiments for word, sentence, and paragraph levels. We model differential equations derived for word, sentence, and paragraph levels via quantile regression. They demonstrate how the rate and acceleration of sentiment change are influenced by their current state and rate of change. In conclusion, this study’s findings are important for enhancing the capabilities of AI-driven chatbots in sentiment analysis, particularly in dissecting and understanding the layered emotional landscapes of literary works.

RESUMEN En los últimos años, se ha prestado mucha atención a la búsqueda de métodos eficientes para evaluar las habilidades de escritura de los estudiantes universitarios. Se ha señalado que los ejercicios de escritura en inglés existentes son en gran medida ineficaces para los estudiantes universitarios entrantes, y los estudiantes tienen dificultades con las tareas de escritura libre. De esta manera, desarrollar sólidas habilidades de escritura en inglés plantea muchos desafíos para los estudiantes, por lo que es necesario buscar formas eficientes de mejorar el conocimiento, la estructura de las oraciones y el contenido de los estudiantes al escribir. En este sentido, un objetivo clave es enfatizar la importancia de la evaluación para enseñar con éxito la escritura en inglés. Considerando lo anterior, este estudio examina conceptos para evaluar las habilidades de escritura en inglés de los estudiantes universitarios. Para lograr este objetivo, los principales métodos de investigación utilizados fueron una revisión de la literatura y una encuesta entre estudiantes de la Universidad Pedagógica Estatal de Azerbaiyán. El estudio destaca cómo el dominio de la escritura beneficia el crecimiento cognitivo de los estudiantes y considera los impactos psicológicos de las evaluaciones de escritura. Los hallazgos indican que las evaluaciones pueden aumentar la ansiedad y reducir el rendimiento de la escritura de los estudiantes universitarios. Como resultado, evaluar el trabajo escrito de los estudiantes plantea dificultades para los educadores. Además, el proceso de escritura y las características de una escritura efectiva difieren en contextos de investigación versus evaluación. Los hallazgos clave de la encuesta realizada muestran que las instrucciones descritas para evaluar la escritura ofrecen a los estudiantes conocimientos sistemáticos para desarrollar eficazmente sus habilidades de escritura.

ABSTRACT In recent years, finding efficient methods to assess university students' writing abilities has received significant attention. It has been pointed out that existing English writing exercises are largely ineffective for incoming university students, and students struggle with free writing tasks. This way, developing strong writing skills in English poses many challenges for students so, it is necessary to look for efficient ways to improve students' knowledge, sentence structure, and content when writing. In this regard, a key goal is emphasizing the importance of assessment for successfully teaching English writing. Considering the above, this study examines concepts for assessing university students' English writing skills. To accomplish this goal, the main methods of research used were a literature review and a survey among students at Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University. The study highlights how writing proficiency benefits students' cognitive growth and considers the psychological impacts of writing assessments. Findings indicate that assessments may increase anxiety and lower performance for college students' writing. As a result, evaluating students' written work poses difficulties for educators. Moreover, the writing process and features of effective writing differ in research versus assessment contexts. Key findings in the survey conducted show that instructions described for assessing writing offer students’ systematic knowledge for effectively developing their writing abilities.

This study examines early mapping of complex DPs in prepositional relative clauses with for/to (‘para’), i.e. attributing the thematic role of beneficiary. The main question is whether the standard variant for this type of relative clauses in Brazilian Portuguese (with preposition) as compared to the non-standard chopped variant (without a preposition) allows for early referent mapping, given the possibility of incremental integration of preceding contextual visual and linguistic information. A picture matching experiment was applied to 41 speakers of the standard variety of BP. Preceding visual and auditory linguistic context was presented in which a character participated in two distinct events (one event presented with a di-transitive verb and another presented with a transitive verb), involving distinct co-participants. We aimed to verify whether the presentation of a standard variant probe question, with the preposition, immediately following the visual and linguistic contextual scenes would benefit early identification of the referent expressed in the complex DP, compared to a non-standard prepositionless (chopped variant) probe question. Accuracy and Reaction Time (RT) with regards to the picture matching task were the dependent variables. We also intended to examine the influence of knowledge of standard grammar as well as verbal working memory on task performance. Participants were asked to try and click on the image matching the probe sentence containing the relative clause as soon as possible. Our results did not reveal any advantage for the use of the standard prepositional relative clause compared to the non-standard version in terms of referent anticipation. However, accuracy of image selection was significantly higher for standard relative clauses. Higher scores in the standard grammar test and the reading span test were positively correlated to RT(s) as well as accuracy (for the non-standard relative clause). Relative clause complexity, possible ambiguity of the non-standard chopped relative clauses and the limited sensitivity of the task in detecting potential early mapping are all factors that seem to affect the results.

Este estudo investiga, particularmente, o mapeamento antecipado do referente de um DP complexo, apresentando uma oração relativa preposicionada com para, ou seja, com papel temático de beneficiário. Explora-se a contribuição que o tipo de estratégia relativa utilizada (padrão ou cortadora) pode trazer para a antecipação do referente, dada a possibilidade de integração incremental de informação contextual visual e linguística precedente. Em um experimento de seleção de imagem, aplicado a 41 participantes, falantes cultos de português do Brasil, a ser reportado, apresentaram-se contextos visuais e linguísticos auditivos prévios em que um personagem participa de dois eventos distintos (um evento apresentado com verbo bitransitivo e um evento apresentado com verbo transitivo), envolvendo coparticipantes distintas. Busca-se verificar em que medida o uso, na sentença-teste auditiva, que segue os preâmbulos discursivos e visuais, de uma estratégia padrão da língua, na qual a preposição aparece precedendo o pronome relativo, poderia favorecer a antecipação do referente do DP complexo, em comparação à estratégia cortadora, em que a preposição não está presente. Empregou-se uma tarefa de correspondência sentença-gravura na qual a acurácia e o tempo de resposta foram considerados como variáveis dependentes. Ademais, objetivou-se verificar a influência de conhecimento de norma padrão e de memória de trabalho verbal no desempenho da tarefa. Solicita-se que tentem clicar o mais rápido possível na imagem descrita pela sentença contendo a relativa. Nossos resultados não indicaram uma vantagem do uso da relativa padrão sobre a cortadora para a antecipação do referente do DP complexo. No entanto, a acurácia da seleção da imagem foi significativamente melhor para esse tipo de relativa. Melhor desempenho no teste normativo e no teste de reading span foi associado a TRs mais rápidos e maior acurácia na relativa cortadora. Fatores que parecem influenciar esse quadro são complexidade da estrutura relativa, possível ambiguidade da relativa cortadora e a sensibilidade limitada do teste para flagrar essa possível antecipação.

Abstract Working with literature in the classroom is at the same time a rich and complex activity, especially as it launches the learner into a poetic, sociological, political, historical and cultural universe that serves as access to the pleasurable study of a foreign language. It is in this context, in the sense of combining literature and translation, that pedagogical translation is inserted, considered here as a means of communication and culture, which aims to reconcile proficiency with linguistic reflection. For this research, with students in the 2nd phase of a Spanish Literature course, pedagogical translation activities were analyzed, designed to reflect on the language and to learn it. The activities, carried out virtually in the Moodle environment, were based on seven short stories by different writers distributed over the course’s seven modules. They are: La obra y el poeta (by the British Richard Francis Burton), El gesto de la muerte (by the French Jean Maurice Cocteau), Infinito (by the Argentine Ernesto Sábato), La obra maestra (by the Argentine Álvaro Yunque), Una pequeña fábula (by the Czech Franz Kafka), El pozo (by the Spanish Luis Mateo Díez), El loco (by the Spanish Jordi Cebrián). Each pedagogical translation activity with the microstories was divided into three parts: the 1st consisted of a careful reading of the small text, where some words were highlighted, to, afterwards, select the correct alternatives in relation to the highlighted words, which should be searched. The options offered ranged from five to ten, according to the complexity of the text, and were related to the lexicon. The intention, in that 1st moment, was to give clues to the learner/reader that would help him in the comprehension process and in the future translation. The 2nd part offered a brief biography of the writer, to be read, followed by the translation activity of the text. Finally, in the 3rd part, there was a space for them to expose their doubts and challenges regarding the words and/or sentence structures. That is, a moment destined to reflect on the translation act. The data results show the linguistic reflection elaborated by the learners in their foreign language learning process. poetic sociological political context inserted culture research nd course analyzed environment courses s modules are Burton, Burton , Burton) Cocteau, Cocteau Cocteau) Sábato, Sábato Sábato) Yunque, Yunque Yunque) Kafka, Kafka Kafka) Díez, Díez Díez) Cebrián. Cebrián . Cebrián) parts st text afterwards searched ten lexicon intention learnerreader reader writer read Finally rd andor or structures act

Resumo Trabalhar a literatura em sala de aula é ao mesmo tempo uma atividade rica e complexa, especialmente por lançar o aprendente em um universo poético, sociológico, político, histórico e cultural que serve como acesso ao prazeroso estudo da língua estrangeira. E nesse contexto, no sentido de aliar literatura e tradução, é que se insere a tradução pedagógica, considerada aqui como um meio de comunicação e cultura, que almeja conciliar a proficiência com a reflexão linguística. Para essa pesquisa, com alunos da 2ª fase de um curso de Letras Espanhol, foram analisadas atividades de tradução pedagógica, elaboradas para refletir sobre a língua e para aprendê-la. As atividades, realizadas virtualmente no ambiente Moodle, tiveram como base sete microcontos de diferentes escritores distribuídos ao longo dos sete módulos da disciplina. São eles: La obra y el poeta (do britânico Richard Francis Burton), El gesto de la muerte (do francês Jean Maurice Cocteau), Infinito (do argentino Ernesto Sábato), La obra maestra (do argentino Álvaro Yunque), Una pequeña fábula (do tcheco Franz Kafka), El pozo (do espanhol Luis Mateo Díez), El loco (do espanhol Jordi Cebrián). Cada atividade de tradução pedagógica com os microcontos foi dividida em três partes: a 1ª consistia na leitura atenta do pequeno texto, onde algumas palavras estavam em destaque, para, logo após, selecionar as alternativas corretas com relação às palavras destacadas, que deveriam ser pesquisadas. As opções oferecidas variavam de cinco a dez, de acordo com a complexidade do texto, e estavam relacionadas ao léxico. A intenção, nesse 1º momento, foi dar pistas ao aprendente/leitor que o auxiliassem no processo de compreensão e na futura tradução. A 2ª parte oferecia uma breve biografia do escritor, para ser lida, seguida da atividade tradutória do texto. Por último, na 3ª parte, havia um espaço para que expusesse suas dúvidas e desafios com relação às palavras e/ou estruturas das frases. Ou seja, um momento destinado à reflexão do ato tradutório. Os resultados dos dados evidenciam a reflexão linguística elaborada pelos aprendentes em seu processo de aprendizagem da língua adicional. complexa poético sociológico político estrangeira contexto cultura pesquisa ª Espanhol aprendêla. aprendêla aprendê la. aprendê-la Moodle disciplina eles Burton, Burton , Burton) Cocteau, Cocteau Cocteau) Sábato, Sábato Sábato) Yunque, Yunque Yunque) Kafka, Kafka Kafka) Díez, Díez Díez) Cebrián. Cebrián . Cebrián) partes texto destaque após destacadas pesquisadas dez léxico intenção º aprendenteleitor leitor escritor lida último eou ou frases seja tradutório adicional

ABSTRACT Purpose Longitudinally verify the influence of auditory tonal thresholds obtained with transcutaneous and percutaneous bone-anchored hearing aids on speech perception in individuals with external and/or middle ear malformation and chronic otitis media. Methods Observational, retrospective, longitudinal follow-up study of 30 unilateral users of the transcutaneous and percutaneous Baha® system for the collection of secondary data on pure tone thresholds obtained through free field audiometry and sentence recognition threshold in silence and noise in conditions: without the prosthesis; at the time of activation; in the first month of use (post 1); and in the third month (post 2). Results There was a significant difference between pure tone thresholds obtained at frequencies of 3 and 4kHz with better results for the percutaneous technique at all evaluation moments. For both systems, better performance was observed in sentence recognition in silence and in noise, with a significant difference in activation (p<0.001), but it remained stable during the other evaluation moments. The percutaneous system showed better benefit in recognizing sentences in noise only on activation (p=0.036), when compared to the transcutaneous system. Conclusion The percutaneous system provided better audibility for high frequencies; however, such audibility did not influence sentence recognition in the silent situation for both systems. For the noise situation, better responses were observed in the percutaneous system, however, the difference was not maintained over time. boneanchored bone anchored andor or media Observational retrospective followup follow up Baha conditions prosthesis post 1 1) 2. 2 . 2) kHz moments systems p<0.001, p0001 p p<0.001 , 0 001 (p<0.001) p=0.036, p0036 p=0.036 036 (p=0.036) however p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 p003 p=0.03 03 (p=0.036 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 p=0.0 (p=0.03 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p=0. (p=0.0 p<0 (p<0. p=0 (p=0. p< (p<0 p= (p=0 (p< (p= (p

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar longitudinalmente a influência dos limiares tonais auditivos obtidos com as próteses auditivas ancoradas no osso transcutâneas e percutâneas na percepção da fala em indivíduos com malformação de orelha externa e/ou média e Otite Média Crônica. Método Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, de seguimento longitudinal de 30 indivíduos usuários unilaterais de sistema Baha® transcutâneo e percutâneo, para coleta de dados secundários dos limiares tonais obtidos por meio da audiometria em campo livre e do limiar de reconhecimento de sentenças no silêncio e no ruído nas condições: sem a prótese; no momento de ativação; no primeiro mês de uso (pós 1); e no terceiro mês (pós 2). Resultados Houve diferença significante entre os limiares tonais obtidos nas frequências de 3 e 4kHz, com melhores resultados para o percutâneo em todos os momentos de avaliação. Para os dois sistemas, observou-se melhor desempenho no reconhecimento de sentenças no silêncio e ruído, com diferença significante na ativação (p<0,001), porém manteve-se estável nos demais momentos de avaliação. O sistema percutâneo mostrou melhor benefício no reconhecimento de sentenças no ruído apenas na ativação (p=0,036), quando comparado ao transcutâneo. Conclusão O sistema percutâneo possibilitou melhor audibilidade para as frequências altas; contudo, tal audibilidade não influenciou no reconhecimento de sentenças na situação de silêncio para ambos os sistemas. Para a situação de ruído, melhores respostas foram observadas no sistema percutâneo; porém, a diferença não se manteve no decorrer do tempo. eou ou Crônica observacional retrospectivo Baha condições prótese pós 1 1) 2. 2 . 2) 4kHz kHz avaliação sistemas observouse observou p<0,001, p0001 p p<0,001 , 0 001 (p<0,001) mantevese p=0,036, p0036 p=0,036 036 (p=0,036) altas contudo tempo p000 p<0,00 00 (p<0,001 p003 p=0,03 03 (p=0,036 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,00 p=0,0 (p=0,03 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p=0, (p=0,0 p<0 (p<0, p=0 (p=0, p< (p<0 p= (p=0 (p< (p= (p

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of the study was to develop the Tamil Matrix Sentence Test (TMST) and evaluate the performance of a group of young adults with normal hearing on the developed test. The developed sentences were also administered at varying intensities to obtain a performance-intensity (PI) function. Methods A base matrix with 10 sentences containing 5 words each with a total of 50 words was used to develop the TMST. The sentences had a fixed semantic sentence structure of Tamil language in the order of noun, number, adjective, object and verb. The developed test consisted of 30 lists with 10 sentences in each list. The performance of 60 young adults with normal hearing aged 18 to 24 years across the 30 lists were compared for list equivalency. To obtain the PI function the sentences were administered on 20 young adults with normal hearing at intensities from 20 dB HL to 100 dB HL in 10 dB increments. The performance across the intensity levels were compared. Results The 30 lists of TMST were found to be acoustically equivalent. However, few lists showed significant difference in the scores obtained on them compared to the rest of the lists. The PI function revealed a saturation in performance beyond 40 dB HL. Conclusion From the results it was construed that TMST can be used to evaluate the speech identification abilities of Tamil speaking listeners. Multiple lists offer the advantage of retesting without the influence of practice or listeners memorizing the test material. (TMST performanceintensity (PI 1 noun number adjective verb 3 6 2 equivalency increments equivalent However 4 material

ABSTRACT Purpose: to investigate speech-language-hearing symptoms in adults after the acute phase of COVID-19 and the impact of these persistent symptoms on their physical and emotional aspects, functional capacity, and social relationships. Methods: 204 adults who tested positive for COVID-19 between January 2021 and July 2022 and who completed an online questionnaire, addressing different variables. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: the most prevalent symptoms up to 30 days after infection were tiredness (46%), memory loss (40.2%), and ageusia (26.5%). The most found long-term symptoms were memory loss (34.3%), tiredness (21.1%), and difficulties in starting a sentence or conversation (10.1%). Anosmia and ageusia were also cited. These persistent symptoms had an impact on their emotional aspect (33.3%), followed by the physical (26%) and occupational (25%) ones. Conclusion: this study found persistent symptoms after the acute phase of COVID-19, which can lead to speech-language-hearing disorders, such as impaired oral language and eating. These persistent symptoms impacted the participants’ emotional, physical, and occupational aspects. Purpose speechlanguagehearing speech hearing COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 aspects capacity relationships Methods 20 202 questionnaire variables statistics Results 3 46%, 46 46% , (46%) 40.2%, 402 40.2% 40 2 (40.2%) 26.5%. 265 26.5% . 26 5 (26.5%) longterm long term 34.3%, 343 34.3% 34 (34.3%) 21.1%, 211 21.1% 21 1 (21.1%) 10.1%. 101 10.1% 10 (10.1%) cited 33.3%, 333 33.3% 33 (33.3%) 26% (26% 25% 25 (25% ones Conclusion COVID19, 19, disorders eating participants COVID1 COVID- 4 (46% 40.2 (40.2% 26.5 (26.5% 34.3 (34.3% 21.1 (21.1% 10.1 (10.1% 33.3 (33.3% (26 (25 (46 40. (40.2 26. (26.5 34. (34.3 21. (21.1 10. (10.1 33. (33.3 (2 (4 (40. (26. (34. (21. (10. (33. ( (40 (34 (21 (10 (33 (3 (1

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar a presença de sintomas fonoaudiológicos em adultos após o período da fase aguda da COVID-19, além do impacto da manutenção desses sintomas nos aspectos físicos, emocionais, capacidade funcional e relações sociais. Métodos: participaram 204 adultos que testaram positivo para COVID-19 no período de janeiro de 2021 a julho de 2022 e que preencheram um questionário on- line, abordando diferentes variáveis. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: os sintomas mais prevalentes até 30 dias após a infecção foram cansaço (46%), perda de memória (40,2%) e ageusia (26,5%). Os sintomas de longa duração mais observados foram perda de memória (34,3%), cansaço (21,1%) e dificuldades para iniciar um diálogo ou frase (10,1%). Anosmia e ageusia também foram citadas. Houve impacto da manutenção desses sintomas no aspecto emocional (33,3%), seguido dos aspectos físicos (26%) e ocupacionais (25%). Conclusão: neste estudo foram encontrados sintomas persistentes após o período da fase aguda da COVID-19 que podem levar a alterações fonoaudiológicas, como prejuízo na linguagem oral e nas questões alimentares. A manutenção desses sintomas impactou nos aspectos emocionais, físicos e ocupacionais dos participantes. Objetivo COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 emocionais sociais Métodos 20 COVID-1 202 on line variáveis descritiva Resultados 3 46%, 46 46% , (46%) 40,2% 402 40 2 (40,2% 26,5%. 265 26,5% . 26 5 (26,5%) 34,3%, 343 34,3% 34 (34,3%) 21,1% 211 21 1 (21,1% 10,1%. 101 10,1% 10 (10,1%) citadas 33,3%, 333 33,3% 33 (33,3%) 26% (26% 25%. 25 25% (25%) Conclusão fonoaudiológicas alimentares participantes COVID1 COVID- 4 (46% 40,2 (40,2 26,5 (26,5% 34,3 (34,3% 21,1 (21,1 10,1 (10,1% 33,3 (33,3% (26 (25% (46 40, (40, 26, (26,5 34, (34,3 21, (21, 10, (10,1 33, (33,3 (2 (25 (4 (40 (26, (34, (21 (10, (33, ( (34 (10 (33 (3 (1

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Advance Directive documents allow citizens to choose the treatments they want for end-of-life care without considering therapeutic futility. OBJECTIVES: To analyze patients’ and caregivers’ answers to Advance Directives and understand their expectations regarding their decisions. DESIGN AND SETTING: This study analyzed participants’ answers to a previously published trial, conceived to test the document’s efficacy as a communication tool. METHODS: Sixty palliative patients and 60 caregivers (n = 120) registered their preferences in the Advance Directive document and expressed their expectations regarding whether to receive the chosen treatments. RESULTS: In the patient and caregiver groups, 30% and 23.3% wanted to receive cardiorespiratory resuscitation; 23.3% and 25% wanted to receive artificial organ support; and 40% and 35% chose to receive artificial feeding and hydration, respectively. The participants ignored the concept of therapeutic futility and expected to receive invasive treatments. The concept of therapeutic futility should be addressed and discussed with both the patients and caregivers. Legal Advanced Directive documents should be made clear to reduce misinterpretations and potential legal conflicts. CONCLUSION: The authors suggest that all citizens should be clarified regarding the futility concept before filling out the Advance Directives and propose a grammatical change in the document, replacing the phrase “Health Care to Receive / Not to Receive” with the sentence “Health Care to Accept / Refuse” so that patients cannot demand treatments, but instead accept or refuse the proposed therapeutic plans. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT05090072 URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05090072. BACKGROUND endoflife end life OBJECTIVES decisions SETTING trial s tool METHODS 6 n 120 RESULTS groups 30 233 23 3 23.3 resuscitation 25 support 40 35 hydration respectively conflicts CONCLUSION Health Refuse plans REGISTRATION ClinicalTrialsgov ClinicalTrials gov NCT NCT0509007 URL https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05090072. httpsclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT05090072 httpsclinicaltrialsgovctshowNCT https //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05090072. clinicaltrials ct2 show ct https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05090072 12 2 23. 4 NCT050900 https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05090072 httpsclinicaltrialsgovct showNCT httpsclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT0509007 clinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT05090072 clinicaltrialsgovctshowNCT //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05090072 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0509007 1 NCT05090 https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0509007 httpsclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT050900 clinicaltrialsgovct clinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT0509007 //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0509007 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT050900 NCT0509 https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT050900 httpsclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT05090 clinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT050900 //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT050900 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05090 NCT050 https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05090 httpsclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT0509 clinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT05090 //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05090 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0509 NCT05 https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0509 httpsclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT050 clinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT0509 //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0509 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT050 NCT0 https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT050 httpsclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT05 clinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT050 //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT050 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05 https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05 httpsclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT0 clinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT05 //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0 https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0 httpsclinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT clinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT0 //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT https//clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT clinicaltrialsgovct2showNCT //clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT

This paper serves as a primer on superconductivity, inviting students for further investigation. Although the theory of superconductivity is a many-body quantum theory, here we take a more didactic route based on thermodynamics and symmetry. We briefly survey the more than a century-old field and provide a one-sentence definition of a superconductor. Surprisingly, many textbooks lack such a definition, usually introducing superconductors through their properties rather than by definition. We explain the concept of an order parameter, symmetry, and symmetry breaking. Based on this, we clarify the difference between conventional and unconventional superconductors, which is frequently a confusing topic for newcomers. We provide the reader with a taste of a current research topic in the field of unconventional superconductivity and magnetism. For this, we explain the concept of time-reversal symmetry breaking in condensed matter physics, which is usually associated with a form of magnetism. Here, we show that time-reversal symmetry might be broken in superconductors, leading to magnetic properties due to superconductivity itself. For this purpose, we utilize the method of the Ginzburg-Landau theory for phase transitions. We discuss the field of chiral superconductivity and guide the interested reader to further study. investigation manybody body centuryold century old onesentence one sentence superconductor Surprisingly parameter newcomers magnetism timereversal time reversal physics Here itself purpose GinzburgLandau Ginzburg Landau transitions study

Este artigo serve como uma introdução à supercondutividade, convidando o estudantes a estudarerm mais assunto. Embora a teoria da supercondutividade seja uma teoria quântica de muitos corpos, aqui optamos por uma rota mais didática baseada em termodinâmica e simetria. Fazemos uma breve revisão do campo, que tem mais de um século, e fornecemos uma definição em uma frase de um supercondutor. Surpreendentemente, muitos livros didáticos carecem de tal definição, geralmente introduzindo supercondutores através de suas propriedades, em vez de por definição. Explicamos o conceito de um parâmetro de ordem, simetria e quebra de simetria. Com base nisso, esclarecemos a diferença entre supercondutores convencionais e não convencionais, o que frequentemente é um tópico confuso para iniciantes no assunto. Também fornecemos um vislumbre de um tópico de pesquisa atual no campo da supercondutividade não convencional e magnetismo. Para isso, explicamos o conceito de quebra de simetria de reversão temporal na física da matéria condensada, que geralmente é associado a uma forma de magnetismo. Aqui, mostramos que a simetria de reversão temporal pode ser quebrada em supercondutores, levando a propriedades magnéticas devido à própria supercondutividade. Para esse propósito, utilizamos o método da teoria de Ginzburg-Landau para transições de fase. Discutimos o campo da supercondutividade quiral e orientamos o estudo de quem tiver interesse em se aprofundar no assunto. assunto corpos século supercondutor Surpreendentemente ordem nisso magnetismo isso condensada Aqui propósito GinzburgLandau Ginzburg Landau fase