ABSTRACT The study aims to analyze convergence and divergence between emotional intelligence and academic performance in the university context, considering that they are two similar categories, but each one with unique characteristics. The prism method has been used, based on the data of scientific documents. It was elaborated based on data collected from Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science, fundamentally considering original articles and literature reviews; for access to relevant documents, advanced search protocols were developed according to the characteristics of each database using Boolean algebra and other arguments. The analysis of 1011 scientific articles, the same ones that after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria were screened and considered for analytical reading of 78 documents. It is concluded that the relationship between the categories is convergent and divergent considering the autonomy of each one. Emotional intelligence, in its relationship with academic performance, is observed not only as a major category, but is also linked to: self-realization, self-concept, adaptability, self-management, motivation, self-esteem, emotion management, anxiety, depression, and resilience. The significant finding is based on the proposal of the concept of academic performance, which leads to the spiritual and cognitive development of the individual.

RESUMEN El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar convergencia y divergencia entre inteligencia emocional y rendimiento académico en el contexto universitario, considerando que se trata de dos categorías símiles, pero con singulares características. Se ha empleado el método prisma en base a la data de documentos científicos, fue elaborada en base a datos recopilados de Scopus, PubMed y Web of Science, considerando fundamentalmente artículos originales y revisiones de literatura; para el acceso a los documentos relevantes se elaboraron protocolos avanzados de búsqueda de acuerdo a las características de cada base de datos usando álgebra booleana y otros argumentos. El análisis de 1011 artículos científicos, los mismos que luego de aplicar criterios de inclusión y exclusión fueron cribados y considerados para la lectura analítica 78 documentos. Se concluye que la relación entre las categorías es convergente y divergente considerando la autonomía de cada una. La inteligencia emocional, en su relación con el rendimiento académico, es observada no solo como categoría mayor, sino que están vinculadas a: auto realización, autoconcepto, adaptabilidad, autogestión, motivación, autoestima, gestión de emociones, ansiedad y depresión, resiliencia. El hallazgo significativo se sustenta en la propuesta del concepto del rendimiento académico, el mismo que conduce al desarrollo espiritual y cognitivo del individuo.

Resumen: Conforme a las teorías sociológicas de la individualización, la migración de estilo de vida es vista como resultado de procesos de autorrealización de sujetos reflexivos. Este trabajo aporta una aproximación alternativa centrada en la producción de formas de subjetividad. Fundamentada en entrevistas en profundidad a migrantes internacionales de retiro en España, la investigación se centra en narrativas que van más allá del discurso sobre la libertad, la toma de decisiones o la búsqueda de calidad de vida. Este estudio sugiere un enfoque más estructural, que contextualice críticamente las narrativas de los migrantes en los marcos políticos y culturales actuales.

Abstract: In line with sociological individualization theories, lifestyle migration is seen as resulting from processes of self-realization carried out by reflective subjects. This paper presents an alternative approach focusing on how forms of subjectivity are produced. Based on in-depth interviews with international retired migrants in Spain, the research results point to narratives that go beyond discourses on freedom, decision-making or search of quality of life. This study suggests that a more structural approach is needed, which critically contextualizes migrants’ narratives in current political and cultural frameworks.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer el nivel de percepción del clima laboral en colaboradores de una institución pública peruana. Para ello, se desarrolló con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de tipo básica y nivel descriptivo. La población fue de tipo censal de 88 colaboradores de una institución del sector de la educación referido a la gestión educativa, ubicada en la ciudad de Lima, la técnica de recolección de datos fue la encuesta y el instrumento el cuestionario tipo escala de Likert de cinco alternativas de respuestas. El instrumento se validó mediante el juicio de expertos, mientras que la confiabilidad fue calculada mediante el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Los hallazgos indican que, la variable clima laboral predominó la percepción del nivel regular, seguido del nivel malo, y finalmente el nivel bueno; mientras queen la mayoría de las dimensiones prevaleció el nivel regular, seguido del nivel malo, a excepción de la dimensión motivación donde primó el nivel malo, seguido del nivel regular. Concluyendoque existe debilidad en el clima laboral en los colaboradores de la institución estudiada; se sugiere la aplicación de estrategias, que permitan la mejora del clima laboral en la referida organización.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to establish the level of perception of the work environment in collaborators of a Peruvian public institution. For this, it was developed with a quantitative approach, a non-experimental design, of a basic type and a descriptive level. The population was of census type of 88 collaborators of an institution of the education sector referred to educational management, located in the city of Lima, the data collection technique was the survey and the instrument was the Likert scale questionnaire of five answer alternatives. The instrument was validated through expert judgment, while reliability was calculated using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. The findings indicate that the work climate variable predominated the perception of the regular level, followed by the bad level, and finally the good level; while in most of the dimensions the regular level prevailed, followed by the bad level, with the exception of the motivation dimension where the bad level prevailed, followed by the regular level. Concluding that there is weakness in the work environment in the collaborators of the studied institution; the application of strategies is suggested, which allow the improvement of the work environment in the aforementioned organization.

Resumen Reporte parcial de resultados de una investigación en curso que aborda la evaluación diagnóstica de la autorrealización estudiantil durante pandemia, un acercamiento desde el saber ser entendido como resiliencia y bienestar. Es un estudio cuantitativo, de corte transversal, ex post facto, con análisis correlacional. Participó una muestra incidental de estudiantes del área de la educación de una universidad pública mexicana (N = 122) al contestar una encuesta en línea sobre algunos aspectos de su trayecto en la adversidad de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. El criterio de inclusión fue que los participantes tuviesen trayectorias escolares continuas durante la pandemia. Los resultados fueron analizados en función de los dos conceptos clave contrastando los niveles educativos de licenciatura y de posgrado. Los hallazgos principales muestran incremento significativo de cualidades resilientes con una dinámica paralela, siendo los más bajos los resultados de los estudiantes de Doctorado. En cuanto al bienestar, mostró tendencias de intensificación emocional, con la única excepción de las emociones eudaimónicas negativas en los estudiantes de Doctorado. Estos hallazgos señalan el interés en investigar la relación entre la autorrealización y la emotividad eudaimónica, especialmente el alcance de la emotividad negativa en la estimulación de crecimiento personal.

Abstract This research addresses a diagnostic evaluation of student self-realization amid pandemic, defining success as continuity despite adversity, and focusing specifically on resiliency and well-being as fundamental elements of the ‘learning to be’. This is a quantitative cross-sectional study with an ex post facto design and correlational analyses. A sample of students from the Educational Sciences Department of a Mexican public university (N = 122) participated in an online survey to share details on their personal development in the adversity of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The inclusion criterion for the sampling was having maintained continuous school trajectories trough the pandemic. The results were analyzed by construct, resiliency and well-being, and by educational level (undergraduate, master’s and doctoral students). Main findings show significant increase in resilient personal self-evaluation, with parallel dynamics across study levels, though the lowest for the doctorate. As to the well-being, it generally increased in both affects and all the subdimensions, except for the negative eudaimonic affect in doctoral students. These findings highlight the interest in delving into the relation between self-development and the eudaimonic emotions, and particularly the extent to which negative affect may promote personal growth.

Abstract Objective: To discover interactions of individuals with memes related to processes or ideas about research. Methods: Qualitative study through virtual ethnographic design within the particular systems of Facebook pages open to the general public. Results: Five main categories were found: (1) physical and emotional alterations; (2) paternity / maternity analogy and thesis; (3) main complications of the thesis; 4) unfinished thesis: from utopia to pretext and; (5) main reasons to conclude the thesis. Conclusions: Memes have built a positive culture towards research by showing it as something that produces satisfaction, self-realization and transcendence to those who carry it out.

Resumen Objetivo principal: Descubrir las interacciones de los individuos con los memes relacionados con procesos o ideas acerca de la investigación. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo a través de diseño etnográfíco virtual dentro de los sistemas particulares de las páginas de Facebook abiertas al público en general. Resultados principales: Resultaron cinco categorías principales: (1) alteraciones físicas y emocionales; (2) analogía paternidad/maternidad y tesis; (3) principales complicaciones de la tesis; (4) tesis inconclusa: de la utopía al pretexto; y (5) principales motivos para concluir la tesis. Conclusión principal: los memes han edificado una cultura positiva hacia la investigación mostrándola como algo que produce satisfacción, autorealización y trascendencia a quien la realiza.

Through his own activistic hermeneutics, Sereque-berhan crafts a philosophy which allows African(a) persons pathways to self-realization and self-emancipation from Western cultural imperialism. He does this through a unique reading of Heidegger to arrive at a hermeneutics of existence, and through Gadamer to posit a specific historicity which he calls 'our heritage.' This article first charts how Serequeberhan articulates these concepts, and then explores their prescriptive, activist intent. The upshot of this is a stronger appreciation of Serequeberhan's work and how it provides a fresh approach through which we can better understand existence in a globalized, post-colonial, late capitalist society. For Western readers especially, it offers a framework to better describe the relationship between, the self, others, and the historical interactions between them in a world fraught with enclosure and harmful ideologies.

RESUMO Este artigo pretende revisitar o tema do reconhecimento em Honneth a partir de duas perspectivas: num primeiro momento aborda as esferas do reconhecimento mediante a proposta de eticidade formal que contém os aspectos normativo-universais e os aspectos contextuais inerentes aos processos de autorrealização. Num segundo momento apresenta a crítica de Thompson a Honneth segundo a qual a teoria do reconhecimento é falha por dois motivos fundamentais: (i) ela é incapaz de lidar com as dinâmicas e efeitos do poder social, isto é, ela prescinde de uma análise ontológica do “poder constitutivo” e da “dominação constitutiva”; (ii) ela se centra nas práticas intersubjetivas de reconhecimento e esquece de enfocar as estruturas e sistemas normativos de integração funcional. perspectivas normativouniversais normativo universais autorrealização fundamentais i (i social constitutivo dominação constitutiva constitutiva” ii (ii funcional

ABSTRACT This article aims to approach the Honneth’s theory of recognition from two perspectives: at first approaches the spheres of recognition from a formal ethical life purpose that maintain both universal and contextual aspects inherent to self-realization processes. Secondly, presents Thompson’s critique of Honneth according to which recognition’s theory fails for two main reasons: (i) it is unable to deal with the dynamics and effects of social power, that is, it dispenses with an ontological analysis of “constitutive power” and “constitutive domination”; (ii) it focuses on the intersubjective practices of recognition and forgets to focus on the normative structures and systems of functional integration. Honneths s perspectives selfrealization self realization processes Secondly Thompsons Thompson recognitions reasons i (i power constitutive domination domination” ii (ii integration

RESUMEN Se presentan los resultados de un estudio sobre la representación de las relaciones de pareja en ocho películas chilenas del género de comedia cinematográfica, exhibidas entre los años 1999 y 2020, en base a una metodología de análisis de películas cualitativa de tipo inductivo. Se argumenta que la lectura que se realiza sobre las relaciones de pareja se estructura desde una interpretación de las transformaciones de género, en las que la figura de la mujer se construye desde una demanda de horizontalidad y reconocimiento que implica que en el hombre se genere una crisis identitaria asociada a los referentes de masculinidad del modelo tradicional de la familia conyugal. La tensión en las relaciones de pareja es provocada por la entrada de la mujer al mundo de lo público y la frustración en el ejercicio de la sexualidad desde un reclamo por el goce sexual que debe ser respondido. Lo que permite la permanencia de la relación de pareja es el sentimiento del amor, revelando un discurso que coloca como centro a la unión familiar y la autorrealización individual mediante la pareja.

ABSTRACT The results of a study on the representation of couple relationships in eight Chilean films of the cinematographic comedy genre, shown between 1999 and 2020, are presented based on an inductive qualitative film analysis methodology. It is argued that the reading on couple relationships is structured from an interpretation of gender transformations, in which the figure of the woman is constructed from a demand for horizontality and recognition that implies that in the man is developed an identity crisis associated with the masculinity referents of the traditional conjugal family model. The tension in couple relationships is caused by the entry of women into public world, and the frustration in the exercise of sexuality from a claim for sexual enjoyment that must be answered. What allows the permanence of the couple relationship is the feeling of love, revealing a discourse that places family unity and individual self-realization through the couple as the center.

Abstract The academic formation of health science professionals involves their harmonious and integral development as human beings, considering, among other elements, self-concept and lifestyles, in order to become a proactive agent of change in the place where they work. Generally, health science students at the university level in Peru start as adolescents and continue into their later teenage years, a time when self-concept and behavior are developing with a relation between the two. Additionally, university students often do not eat a balanced diet, sleep an adequate number of hours each night, or do enough exercise during the week. This problem is compounded when they have a heavy course load, as is often the case for students in the health sciences. With this in mind, the objective of this study was to identify the influence of self-concept on lifestyles in students of a private university in eastern Lima. The study has a non-experimental design and it is a quantitative study with an explanatory-causal and cross-sectional approach. The sampling method used was non-probabilistic, and 135 students participated in the study, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Their ages ranged from 16 to 24 years old (M = 20) and the majority of the participants were female (87 %). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the university. Two previously validated instruments were chosen to measure the primary variables of the study. The Lifestyle Questionnaire (PEPS-I), consisting of 48 questions with answers on a Likert scale, consists of six factors and was chosen since it has already been validated with adolescents in Peru. The AF-5 has 30 questions grouped into five factors, and it was chosen for the self-concept variable since it has already been validated in a sample of university students in Peru. Both instruments were administered with the support of the Dean of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the university where the study was carried out. Teachers of different courses granted around 20 minutes of their class time for the study team members to come in, present the study, ask for informed consent, and then apply the instruments with those who were willing to participate. In the descriptive analysis, the average of the lifestyle profile corresponds to the self-realization dimension (43.2), followed by the health responsibility dimension (26.1) and the lowest average belongs to the exercise dimension (12.4). In the analysis of the self-concept variable, the social self-concept obtained the highest average (43.2) and the physical self-concept presented the lowest average (28.2). A model was developed to explore the relationships between the two variables and within the factors of each variable. This model shows that self-concept significantly influences the lifestyle of these students (β = .80; p < .05), that is, self-concept is able to explain 80 % of the lifestyle profile that the students currently hold. Within each variable, most of the factors for self-concept had values equal to or greater than .80, except for the family factor which had a value of .55 while the factors for lifestyles were all above .75 except for the exercise factor. Health science education at the university level should include integral formation not only about knowledge that can be used to treat future patients, but also about lifestyle changes that can help their own health. Self-concept and lifestyle are both in a process of formation during the university years, and they are related. Simply learning about the benefits of healthy lifestyles is not enough, as many health science students are taught these concepts but yet do not put them into practice. Social self-concept in particular, since it was the highest score among the related factors, could be a key way to encourage health science students to take what they learn and put it into practice in their own lives.

Resumen La formación académica de los profesionales de ciencias de la salud lleva implícito el desarrollo armonioso e integral como ser humano, considerando, entre otros elementos, el autoconcepto y los estilos de vida a fin de que se constituya en un agente proactivo de cambio en el lugar donde se desempeñe. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la influencia del autoconcepto sobre los estilos de vida en estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima Este. Su diseño es no experimental de tipo cuantitativo con enfoque explicativo-causal y transversal. El método de muestreo utilizado fue el no probabilístico. Participaron 135 estudiantes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión y contó con la aprobación del Comité de Ética de la universidad. Para el logro de los objetivos, se aplicó el cuestionario de estilos de vida (PEPS-I), para la variable autoconcepto el test AF-5. En el análisis descriptivo, el promedio del perfil de estilos de vida corresponde a la dimensión autoactualización (43.2), seguido de la dimensión responsabilidad en la salud (26.1) y la dimensión ejercicio con el promedio más bajo (12.4). En el análisis de la variable autoconcepto, el autoconcepto social obtuvo mayor promedio (43.2) y el autoconcepto físico presentó menor promedio (28.2). Una vez concluido el estudio, se pudo afirmar que el autoconcepto influye significativamente sobre el estilo de vida de los estudiantes (β = .80; p < .05); es decir que el autoconcepto logró explicar el 80 % del perfil de estilo de vida que llevaban los estudiantes.

Abstract Introduction The research is focused on studying self-organization of the personality in aspect of subjectness. The technique of modeling of social and role identification of the personality is presented. The research objective - to define semantic constructs self-updating in modeling of personal identification. Methods and techniques of a research Semantic approach in structuring dichotomizing couples of constructs of personal identification is used. Offered original technique "Semantic Modelling of Self-organization of the Personality" ("SMSOP"). Respondents fill "Repertoire lattices" of J. Kelly. Results of sample are factorized. Respondents make modeling of in images "I am-real", "I am-ideal" and also images of "The Self-updated Personality" (SUP) and "Nonconformist" (NC), using a set of the linguistic constructs received by means of repertoire lattices of J. Kelly). Sample - students-psychologists, the 218th persons. Results and discussion Comparative data of constructs self-updating (in aspect "I am-ideal") and the SUP and Oil Company models showed. Though SUP is a reference model of achievements of the personality (according to A. Maslow, etc.), and the NC discloses properties of self-affirmation, in semantics of mental self-organization (MSO) of the personality, respondents aren't focused fully on these standards. Results of the factorial analysis showed features of semantics of MSO of the identity of students in aspect self-updating ("I am-ideal"): emotional spontaneity and, at the same time, strength of mind and self-confidence and also communication and wellbeing in life (connected with intellectuality, ingenuity). Conclusions Semantics self-updating persons reveals for youth in the positions defining possible, achievable aspects of prospect of their life. The SUP and NC models are "perfect" for them.

Resumen Introducción La investigación se centra en estudiar la autoorganización de la personalidad en el aspecto de la subjetividad. Se presenta la técnica de modelado de identificación social y de roles de la personalidad. El objetivo de la investigación consiste en definir constructos semánticos autoactualizables en el modelado de identificación personal. Métodos y técnicas de una investigación Se utiliza un enfoque semántico en la estructuración de parejas dicotomizadoras de constructos de identificación personal, con la técnica original "Modelado Semántico de Autoorganización de la Personalidad" ("SMSOP"). Los encuestados cumplimentan la rejilla de J. Kelly. Los resultados de la muestra se factorizan. Los encuestados modelan en imágenes "Yo soy-real", "Yo soy-ideal" y también imágenes de "La Personalidad Auto-actualizada" (SUP) y "No conformista" (NC), utilizando un conjunto de constructos lingüísticos recibidos mediante el repertorio reticular de J. Kelly. La muestra consta de 218 personas (estudiantes - psicólogos). Resultados y discusión Se muestran datos comparativos de los constructos autoactualizables (en el aspecto "Yo soy-ideal") y los modelos SUP y Oil Company. Aunque SUP es un modelo de referencia de los logros de la personalidad (según A. Maslow, etc.), y el NC revela propiedades de autoafirmación, en la semántica de la autoorganización mental (MSO) de la personalidad, los encuestados no están centrados plenamente en estos estándares. Los resultados del análisis factorial mostraron rasgos de la semántica de MSO de la identidad de los estudiantes en el aspecto de autoactualización ("Yo soy-ideal"): espontaneidad emocional y, al mismo tiempo, fortaleza de ánimo y autoconfianza y también comunicación y bienestar en la vida (relacionado con la intelectualidad, el ingenio). Conclusiones La semántica de las personas que se auto-actualizan revela a los jóvenes en las posiciones que definen aspectos posibles y alcanzables de la perspectiva de su vida. Los modelos SUP y NC son "perfectos" para ellos.

Abstract Supermarkets constantly face the challenge of pleasing and retaining their customers, for this they need all their resources to interact, especially human talent. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between the organizational climate and the work performance of the employees of the main Ecuadorian Supermarket Chains. The research was applied, quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational. The sample was taken from 379 employees of the three main commercial chains. A questionnaire with 55 questions on a Likert scale was applied, the statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS software. 24. The reliability of the instrument is supported by the obtained value of 0.977 Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the correlation of the variables with the Spearman coefficient obtained (ρ = 0.294), these relationships were also confirmed with the KMO adequacy measure and the sphericity test by Bartlett. Although the relationship of the factors is not conclusive, the results obtained show that the main commercial chains are attentive and committed to the importance of creating adequate environments that provide the necessary conditions to offer an ideal organizational climate, enhance performance and that both the collaborator as the organization reach their maximum growth.

Resumen Los supermercados, enfrentan constantemente el reto de agradar y retener a sus clientes, para ello necesitan que interactúen todos sus recursos, en especial el talento humano. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la relación entre el clima organizacional y el desempeño laboral de los colaboradores de las principales Cadenas Ecuatorianas de Supermercados. La investigación fue aplicada, cuantitativa, no experimental de diseño transversal, correlacional. La muestra fue tomada a 379 colaboradores de las tres principales cadenas comerciales. Se aplicó un cuestionario con 55 interrogantes en escala de Likert, el análisis estadístico se realizó con el software SPSS.24. La fiabilidad del instrumento se respalda por el valor obtenido de 0,977 coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, la correlación de las variables con el coeficiente de Spearman obtenido ρ=0.294 , estas relaciones también fueron confirmadas con la medida de adecuación KMO y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett. Si bien la relación de los factores no es contundente, los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las principales cadenas ecuatorianas de supermercados están atentas sobre la importancia de crear entornos adecuados que brinden las condiciones necesarias para ofrecer un clima organizacional idóneo, potenciar el desempeño y que tanto el colaborador como la organización alcancen su máximo crecimiento.

Abstract Self-determination is a key construct to guarantee the development of skills that enable people with disabilities to acquire control over their lives. This concept is understood as a set of volitional actions or abilities that help the person to act as the primary causal agent in their own life without unnecessary external influences. Progressively, this construct has been shaped as a personal disposition to exercise control over one's own behavior, becoming a priority educational goal and an indicator of quality of life in the field of intellectual disability. However, people with intellectual disabilities have premature aging processes generally accompanied by mental health disorders or emotional problems that hinder the performance of self-determination skills. Specifically, they have difficulties in developing actions aimed at promoting positive attributions of effectiveness or aimed at establishing personal goals. This complicates the acquisition of skills for self-regulation and the increase of personal empowerment skills. This study seeks to know the self-determination levels of 516 aging adults with intellectual disabilities aged between 45 and 86 years (. = 68.32; S = 4.95). Most of them live in the Metropolitan Region (Chile), have severe intellectual disabilities, are men and live with the family. From a quantitative approach and under an inclusive research model, the data have been collected using an ad hoc scale as a result of the revision of the ARC-INICO Self-determination Assessment Scale (Verdugo et al., 2015) and the Self-determination Scale ARC staff (Wehmeyer, 1995). The results have been analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics that have preceded the use of parametric statistics. The self-determination levels of the majority of the participants (39.1 %) are in a low range. In addition, the development of competencies related to self-defense or self-knowledge are greatly diminished, unlike other skills such as making choices or solving problems. Likewise, the analysis shows how those participants who reside in the family home present higher averages in their self-determination than those who live outside the family home. Similarly, participants with mental health disorders have lower averages in their self-determination than those who do not present these pathologies. Regarding the degree of disability, the levels of self-determination of the mild group are higher than those of the group of adults with severe intellectual disability. Those who most often have family support have higher levels of self-determination than those who receive only professional support. With regard to age, the youngest participants have higher averages than the rest in terms of their self-determination. The discussion highlights, among others, the need to prioritize the learning of skills related to self-realization as the basis of the proposals for intervention in self-determination at this stage of life. The results suggest some implications to consider for the planning of interventions, for example, they should seek the development of skills that strengthen the self-defense capacity of people with intellectual disabilities, promote the increase of opportunities for the realization of meaningful choices, adapt to the scenarios in which aging people with intellectual disabilities usually operate, and involve families and professionals to achieve skills related to self-determination in old age. Despite the fact that one of the main limitations of this research is that the results are not generalizable, this study contributes to enriching the bulk of research on self-determination in late adulthood, this being an aspect barely addressed in the literature. In addition, it suggests the development of future lines of research related to the impact of technological supports on the quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities who age or with the study of cognitive impairment or the presence of mental health disorders in the levels of self-determination of these people.

Resumen La autodeterminación es un constructo clave para garantizar el desarrollo de habilidades que permitan a las personas con discapacidad intelectual adquirir el control sobre sus vidas. Este estudio busca conocer los niveles de autodeterminación de 516 adultos con discapacidad intelectual en proceso de envejecimiento y algunas variables que inciden en su desarrollo. Desde un enfoque cuantitativo, los datos se han recopilado con una escala ad hoc elaborada desde el modelo funcional de autodeterminación. Las evidencias se han analizado mediante estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales. Los niveles de autodeterminación de la mayoría de los participantes se sitúan en un rango bajo. Los principales resultados muestran cómo el desarrollo de competencias relacionadas con la autodefensa o el autoconocimiento está muy descendido a diferencia de otras habilidades como la realización de elecciones o la resolución de problemas. Además, la severidad de la discapacidad, la edad, el lugar de residencia o el tipo de apoyo se identifican como factores incidentes en el logro de la autodeterminación. La discusión revela, entre otras, la necesidad de priorizar el aprendizaje de competencias relacionadas con la autorrealización como fundamento de las propuestas de intervención en autodeterminación. Este estudio contribuye a enriquecer el grueso de investigaciones sobre autodeterminación en la adultez tardía, siendo este un aspecto apenas abordado en la literatura. Además, complementa los resultados de otras investigaciones con respecto a los factores que pueden condicionar el desarrollo de estas habilidades. Esto permite ir diseñando intervenciones que propicien oportunidades para trabajar la autodeterminación desde las necesidades sentidas de estas personas.

Resumo: O artigo analisa a emergência da depressão como a doença mental mais frequente na modernidade tardia. A partir do existencialismo sociológico de Peters (2017), ele concebe a depressão como um modo particular de insegurança ontológica. Ele afirma que o aumento dos diagnósticos é compreensível a partir de três amplas chaves interpretativas vinculadas às transformações das sociedades da modernidade tardia. A primeira refere-se a uma crescente patologização da angústia associada ao surgimento de formas de conceituar o sofrimento psíquico. A segunda refere-se ao aprofundamento dos imperativos de autorrealização que causam patologias de esgotamento de si. A terceira evidencia a expansão de uma multiplicidade de guias de referência que se manifesta na perda de sentido da existência. A depressão contemporânea representa simultaneamente uma patologia retórica, de ação e de sentido correlativa às figurações do sujeito patologizado, fatigado e perdido.

Abstract: The article analyzes the emergence of depression as the most frequent mental illness in late modernity. From the sociological existentialism of Peters (2017), he conceives depression as a particular mode of ontological insecurity. He maintains that the increase in diagnoses is understandable based on three broad interpretative keys linked to transformations in late-modern societies. The first refers to a growing pathologization of anguish associated with the emergence of ways of conceptualizing psychic suffering. The second refers to the deepening of the self-realization imperatives that cause pathologies of the exhaustion of the self. The third highlights the expansion of a multiplicity of reference guides that manifests itself in a loss of meaning of existence. Contemporary depression simultaneously represents a rhetorical, action and sense pathology correlative with figurations of the pathologized, tired and lost subject.

Resumen: El artículo analiza la emergencia de la depresión como la enfermedad mental más frecuente en la modernidad tardía. Desde el existencialismo sociológico de Peters (2017) concibe la depresión como un particular modo de inseguridad ontológica. Sostiene que el incremento de los diagnósticos es comprensible a partir tres amplias claves interpretativas vinculadas a transformaciones en las sociedades tardo-modernas. La primera alude a una creciente patologización de la angustia asociada a la emergencia de modos de conceptualizar el sufrimiento psíquico. La segunda refiere a la profundización de los imperativos de autorrealización que provocan patologías del agotamiento del yo. La tercera destaca la expansión de una multiplicidad de guías de referencia que se manifiesta en una pérdida de sentido de la existencia. La depresión contemporánea representa, simultáneamente, una patología retórica, de la acción y del sentido correlativa con figuraciones del sujeto patologizado, fatigado y perdido.

Resumo: O artigo arrisca uma interpretação sociológica da suposta “pandemia de depressão” que assola a contemporaneidade. Os mal-estares psíquicos comumente descritos como experiências depressivas são compreendidos à luz das formas de subjetividade produzidas ou, pelo menos, encorajadas pela modernidade tardia. Com base no retrato sócio-histórico do “novo espírito do capitalismo” formulado por Boltanski e Chiapello, o texto defende que os atributos de iniciativa, empreendedorismo e adaptabilidade tornaram-se imperativos da individualidade contemporânea não somente no mundo do trabalho, mas também em diversos outros domínios existenciais, tais como o cuidado com o corpo e as relações erótico-afetivas. Sem desconsiderar a inflação de diagnósticos psiquiátricos como parte das causas por trás da alegada pandemia de depressão na atualidade, o trabalho sustenta que as formas muito reais de sofrimento psíquico classificadas nesses termos são a moeda reversa, por assim dizer, de demandas sistêmicas pela autorrealização individual: o colapso depressivo da iniciativa e a ausência de “projetos” substituem o “empreendedorismo de si”; a interrupção do movimento sobrepuja a adaptabilidade flexível do self a uma sociedade de mudanças aceleradas; e a experiência do isolamento existencial substitui a esperada comunicabilidade do sujeito-trabalhador contemporâneo como infatigável networker. O trabalho conclui com uma reflexão sobre os limites que a civilização contemporânea coloca à “ecologia psíquica” e à “economia energética” dos indivíduos nela imersos.

Abstract: The article puts forward a sociological interpretation of the supposed “pandemics of depression” that assails the contemporary world. It approaches the modes of psychic suffering commonly described as depressive experiences in the light of an analysis of the forms of subjectivity produced or, at least, encouraged by late modernity. Based on the social-historical diagnosis of the ‘new spirit of capitalism’ formulated by Boltanski and Chiapello, the text defends that the attributes of initiative, entrepreneurship and adaptability have become normative imperatives for contemporary individuality, not only in the world of labor but in various other existential domains, such as the care of one's body and erotic-affective relationships. Without neglecting the inflation of psychiatric diagnoses as part of the causes behind the alleged pandemics of depression nowadays, the paper sustains that the very real forms of psychological suffering portrayed in such terms are the reverse coin, as it were, of contemporary demands for individual self-realization: the depressive collapse of initiative and the absence of “projects” replace the “entrepreneurship of the self”; the interruption of movement overwhelms the flexible adaptability of the self to a society of accelerated changes; and the experience of existential isolation replaces the expected communicability of the contemporary self as a restless networker. The text concludes with a reflection of the limits that contemporary civilization places on individuals’ “psychic ecology” and the “energetic economy”.

Resumen: El artículo busca una interpretación sociológica de la supuesta “pandemia de depresión” que azota la contemporaneidad. Los malestares psíquicos comúnmente descritos como experiencias depresivas son investigados a la luz de formas de subjetividad producidas o, al menos, alentadas por la modernidad tardía. Partiendo del retrato sociohistórico del “nuevo espíritu del capitalismo” formulado por Boltanski y Chiapello, el texto establece que los atributos de la iniciativa, emprendimiento y adaptabilidad se han convertido en imperativos de la individualidad contemporánea no solo en el mundo del trabajo, pero también en otros dominios existenciales, como el cuidado corporal y las relaciones erótico-afectivas. Sin desestimar la inflación de los diagnósticos psiquiátricos como parte de las causas de la supuesta pandemia de depresión en la actualidad, el trabajo sostiene que las formas muy reales de sufrimiento psicológico clasificadas en estos términos son la moneda inversa, por así decirlo, de las demandas sistémicas de autorrealización individual: el colapso depresivo de la iniciativa y la ausencia de “proyectos” reemplazan al “autoemprendimiento”; la interrupción del movimiento supera la adaptabilidad flexible del self a una sociedad de cambios acelerados; y la experiencia del aislamiento existencial reemplaza la comunicabilidad esperada del trabajador-sujeto contemporáneo como incansable networker. El artículo concluye con una reflexión sobre los límites que la civilización contemporánea establece a la “ecología psíquica” y a la “economía energética” de los individuos inmersos en ella.

RESUMO Esta pesquisa avalia o projeto de vida de adolescentes e sua relação com a percepção e tendência à autorrealização. Utilizou-se um Questionário de Propósito e outro de Perfil, com 507 sujeitos dos sexos femino e masculino, entre 12 e 17 anos, escolarizados, da cidade de Santos/SP. Como hipótese, aponta-se que as conquistas do amadurecimento pessoal contribuem para um autoconceito positivo, tornando a autorrealização uma parte importante da formação da personalidade. A linha teórica centra-se na Psicologia Moral, articulada às discussões filosóficas e sociológicas sobre ética, valores morais e desenvolvimento humano. Os resultados apontam um apreço à subjetividade, ao sentimento de insegurança e de autoafirmação. A hipótese foi confirmada parcialmente, pois os sujeitos demonstraram que estabelecem propósitos e planos para suas vidas, que se percebem potencialmente transformadores, mas que ainda estão muito voltados ao contexto privado, às necessidades materiais e ao apego familiar.

ABSTRACT This research evaluates the life project of adolescents and its relationship with the perception and tendency to self-realization. A Purpose Questionnaire and a Profile Questionnaire were used, with 507 female and male sbjects between 12 and 17 years old, educated, in the city of Santos/SP. As a hypothesis, it is pointed out that the achievements of personal maturation contribute to a positive self-concept, making self-realization an important part of personality formation. The theoretical line focuses on Moral Psychology, articulated with philosophical and sociological discussions on ethics, moral values and human development. The results show an appreciation for subjectivity, the feeling of insecurity and self-assertion. The hypothesis was partially confirmed, as the subjects demonstrated that they establish purposes and plans for their lives, which they perceive as potentially transforming, but that they are still very much focused on the private context, material needs and family attachment.

RESUMEN En esta investigación se evalúa el proyecto de vida de adolescentes y su relación con la percepción y tendencia a la autorrealización. Se utilizó un Cuestionario de Propósito y otro de Perfil, con 507 sujetos masculinos y femeninos, entre 12 y 17 años, escolarizados, de la ciudad de Santos/SP. Como hipótesis, se apunta que las conquistas de la madurez personal contribuyen para un autoconcepto positivo, volviendo la autorrealización una parte importante de la formación de la personalidad. La línea teórica se centra en la Psicología Moral, articulada a las discusiones filosóficas y sociológicas sobre ética, valores morales y desarrollo humano. Los resultados apuntan un aprecio a la subjetividad, al sentimiento de inseguridad y de autoafirmación. La hipótesis fue confirmada parcialmente, pues los sujetos demostraron que establecen propósitos y planes para sus vidas, que se perciben potencialmente transformadores, pero que aún están muy volcados al contexto privado, a las necesidades materiales y al vínculo familiar.