Abstract The sustainability of water use in agriculture is very important, and to achieve this, proper management of surface water resources is required, which, in small basins, depends on good measurement of flow rate data. This work analyzes the hydraulic performance of three proposed modified long-throated flumes with a 10% slope supercritical channel by using the WinFlume® v.1.06 software for a maximum flow of 50 L s-1, for clean water and in conditions in which the cross section of the inlet was modified by sediments. Hydraulic simulations were performed for triangular, rectangular, and trapezoidal cross sections in the throat and the supercritical channel by using the Iber® v.2.5.2 software to compare the pattern of the WinFlume® gauging curve with the results of Iber®; the difference between both gauging curves was a maximum error of 3% in the three cross-sectional areas. For hydraulic simulation in the supercritical modified cross-sectional area for clean flow water and sediment flow water, data located at half the total length of the supercritical channel were taken. Variations in flow depth assuming sedimentation were negligible, and it was found that the water profile in the supercritical channel was not affected, so it can be used as an indicator. In addition, it was observed that the best cross-sectional area for the channel was the rectangular one with a maximum of 0.9997 R2 for the flow rate curve (Q-h).

Resumen La sostenibilidad del uso del agua en la agricultura es muy importante, y para lograrlo se requiere de una gestión adecuada de los recursos hídricos superficiales, que en cuencas pequeñas depende de una buena medición de los datos de caudales. Este trabajo analiza el desempeño hidráulico de tres aforadores modificados de garganta larga propuestos con un canal supercrítico de pendiente de 10%, utilizando el software WinFlume® v.1.06 para un flujo máximo de 50 L s-1, para agua limpia y en condiciones en las que la sección transversal de la entrada fue modificada por sedimentos. Se realizaron simulaciones hidráulicas para secciones transversales triangulares, rectangulares y trapeciales en la garganta y el canal supercrítico, empleando el software Iber® v.2.5.2, para comparar el patrón de la curva de aforo de WinFlume® con los resultados de Iber®, la diferencia entre ambas curvas de aforo fue de un error máximo de 3% en las tres áreas transversales. Para la simulación hidráulica en el área de sección transversal modificada supercrítica para agua de flujo limpio y agua de flujo con sedimentos, se tomaron datos situados a la mitad del largo total del canal supercrítico. Las variaciones de la profundidad del flujo suponiendo sedimentación fueron insignificantes, y se encontró que el perfil del agua en el canal supercrítico no se vio afectado, por lo que puede usarse como indicador. Además, se observó que la mejor área de sección transversal para el canal fue la rectangular con un máximo de 0.9997 R2 para la curva de caudal (Q-h).

ABSTRACT A comprehensive tectono-stratigraphic and sedimentological investigation of Early to Middle Devonian rocks was conducted in the southern Floresta Massif and adjacent regions in the Northern Andes of Colombia. A substantially reduced thickness of the Floresta Formation compared to prior studies is suggested here, attributable to pronounced stratal deformation and the prevalence of recumbent folds throughout the area. The deformation in the Floresta Formation manifests as atypical recumbent folds, diverging from the structural behavior observed in the underlying and overlying strata of the El Tibet and Cuche formations respectively, which exhibit minimal deformation. Our findings also reveal that the Floresta Formation accumulated under shallow-water platform conditions, subject to eustatic sea-level fluctuations. This resulted in distinct episodes of carbonate and siliciclastic deposition, with terrigenous sediments sourced from continental origins, potentially encompassing a combination of cratonic areas and uplifted blocks. The identification of a plausible stage of carbonate silicification signifies a post-diagenetic transformation. The sedimentary rocks of the Floresta Formation reached the upper epizone conditions, in proximity to the transition between the epizone and the upper anchizone, which suggests a maximum depth and temperature of ~5-7 km and ~300 °C, respectively. This contribution provides new insights into the geological history of the region, emphasizing the importance of scrutinizing Early to Middle Devonian rocks within the broader geological context of the Northern Andes.

RESUMEN Este trabajo presenta una exhaustiva investigación tectono-estratigráfica y sedimentológica de las rocas del Devónico temprano a Medio en el sur del Macizo de Floresta y regiones adyacentes, Andes del Norte, Colombia. Se sugiere un espesor sustancialmente reducido para la Formación Floresta en comparación con estudios previos, atribuible a una deformación pronunciada de los estratos y a la prevalencia de pliegues recumbentes en toda el área. La deformación en la Formación Floresta se manifiesta mediante pliegues recumbentes atípicos, a diferencia del comportamiento estructural observado en los estratos subyacentes y sobreyacentes de las formaciones El Tíbet y Cuche, respectivamente, que muestran una deformación mínima. Se revela también que la Formación Floresta se acumuló en condiciones de plataforma de aguas someras, sujeta a fluctuaciones eustáticas del nivel del mar. Esto resultó en variados episodios de depositación carbonática y siliciclástica, con aportes de sedimentos terrígenos provenientes de fuentes continentales, los que posiblemente abarcaron una combinación de áreas cratónicas y bloques levantados. La identificación de una posible etapa de silicificación carbonática indica una transformación postdiagenética. Las rocas sedimentarias de la Formación Floresta alcanzaron las condiciones de la epizona superior, en proximidad a la transición entre la epizona y la anquizona superior, lo cual sugiere una profundidad y temperatura máximas de ~5-7 km y ~300 °C, respectivamente. Esta investigación aporta nueva información acerca de la compleja historia geológica de la región, enfatizando la importancia de examinar las rocas del Devónico Temprano a Medio en el contexto geológico más amplio de los Andes del Norte.

ABSTRACT Magnetic experiments have provided insight into the preservation of magnetite in sediments of the Inner Sea of the Maldives during early diagenesis. In this study, we present high-resolution remanence data on the upper 15 meters of the sedimentary record and a detailed magnetic characterization of discrete samples from the top 5.5 meters of the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1471 record. Based on magnetic experiments, it can be concluded that magnetite is rapidly reduced, with a large decrease in natural remanent magnetization (NRM) related to destruction of primary NRM below the upper two meters of the sedimentary record. In thermomagnetic experiments, the appearance of a greigite signal at 3.06 meters below sea floor (mbsf) suggests that current diagenesis could imprint nearly 100 kry of error on the chronology based on magnetostratigraphy. Furthermore, based on X-ray fluorescence data, it can be concluded that magnetite reduction did not affect the Fe record. study highresolution high resolution 1 55 5 5. IODP (IODP U U147 reduced (NRM 306 3 06 3.0 mbsf (mbsf 10 magnetostratigraphy Furthermore Xray X ray U14 30 0 3. U1

Abstract Mangroves buffer metals transfer to coastal areas though strong accumulation in sediments making necessary to investigate metals’ bioavailability to plants at the rhizosphere. This work evaluates the effect of mangrove root activity, through iron plaque formation, on the mobility of iron and copper its influence on metals’ uptake, and translocation through simultaneous histochemical analysis. The Fe2+ and Fe3+ contents in porewaters ranged from 0.02 to 0.11 µM and 1.0 to 18.3 µg.l-1, respectively, whereas Cu concentrations were below the method’s detection limit (<0.1 µM). In sediments, metal concentrations ranged from 12,800 to 39,500 µg.g-1 for total Fe and from 10 to 24 µg.g-1 for Cu. In iron plaques, Cu concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 160 µg.g-1, and from 19.4 to 316 µg.g-1 in roots. Fe concentrations were between 605 to 36,000 µg.g-1 in the iron plaques and from 2,100 to 62,400 µg.g-1 in roots. Histochemical characterization showed Fe3+ predominance at the tip of roots and Fe2+ in more internal tissues. A. schaueriana showed significant amounts of Fe in pneumatophores and evident translocation of this metal to leaves and excretion through salt glands. Iron plaques formation was essential to the Fe and Cu regulation and translocation in tissues of mangrove plants. rhizosphere activity uptake analysis Fe2 Fe3 002 0 02 0.0 011 11 0.1 1 1. 183 18 3 18. µg.l1, µgl1 µgl µg.l 1, µg l µg.l-1 respectively methods method s <0.1 01 (<0. µM. . µM) 12800 12 800 12,80 39500 39 500 39,50 µg.g1 µgg1 µgg µg.g g µg.g- 2 16 µg.g1, 194 19 4 19. 31 60 36000 36 000 36,00 2100 100 2,10 62400 62 400 62,40 A glands 00 0. l1 µg.l1 µg.l- <0. (<0 1280 80 12,8 3950 50 39,5 g1 6 3600 36,0 210 2,1 6240 40 62,4 <0 (< 128 8 12, 395 5 39, 360 36, 21 2, 624 62, < (

To investigate the anthropogenic contamination of the Port of Suape, five surface sediments were collected and subjected to a geochemical characterization based on the determination of environmental biomarkers such as sterols, aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and also metals and arsenic. Sterol analyses point to a moderate level of sewage contamination, while n-alkanes analyses indicated contamination by petroleum in an early stage of biodegradation. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analyses pointed to a mixture of contributions for the organic matter, which were predominantly found for petrogenic and pyrolytic sources. The quantification of trace metals indicated a low risk to the environment, except for As, which was identified as displaying moderate contamination. During the analysis of all biomarkers, the sediment collected near one of the shipyards was the most affected. These results enable comprehension of the level of contamination in an important Brazilian port and the need to develop remediation policies. Suape sterols arsenic nalkanes n alkanes biodegradation matter sources environment As affected policies

ABSTRACT Physical properties of the Technosols formed by the tailings deposition may constitute a physical barrier that limits water movement and plant development due to the properties received from those sediments. This study aimed to evaluate the physical quality of the Technosols formed by the deposition of sediments displaced by the Fundão Dam failure, Mariana, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, based on the evaluation of physical properties and Load Bearing Capacity Models (LBCM). For that, three areas under different vegetation types were selected: eucalyptus (Euc), forest with human-assisted revegetation (RF), and forest with native vegetation (NF). Three sampling subareas were demarcated in each area: non-impacted areas (Ni), and Technosols formed in directly impacted areas (Di), and partially impacted areas (Pi). Undisturbed samples were collected in two layers and subjected to the uniaxial compression test after equilibration at five matric potentials. Soil compression curves and LBCM were determined. Soil bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), organic matter (OM), granulometry, and particle density (PD) were also determined. Clay content was less significant, and the silt and very fine sand content was significantly higher in the Technosols, generating an increase in BD and reduction in TP. Technosols generally exhibited greater load-bearing capacity due to higher pre-consolidation pressure values attained by these soils due to the lower clay and OM contents. High resistance of these soils is one limitation for revegetation of the areas evaluated, being necessary management practices to improve physical properties of the Technosols. failure Mariana State Brazil LBCM. . (LBCM) selected Euc, Euc , (Euc) humanassisted human assisted RF, RF (RF) NF. NF (NF) area nonimpacted non Ni, Ni (Ni) Di, Di (Di) Pi. Pi (Pi) potentials determined BD, (BD) TP, TP (TP) OM, (OM) granulometry PD (PD significant loadbearing load bearing preconsolidation pre consolidation contents evaluated (LBCM (Euc (RF (NF (Ni (Di (Pi (BD (TP (OM

ABSTRACT On January 2022, the Carmo River (a tributary of the Doce River) was affected by an extreme hydrological event, with 50-yr return interval. This event was 50% higher than that associated to one of the largest tailing dam failures ever reported that took place in the Gualaxo do Norte River. This delivered to Doce River, through the Carmo River, in a Y-shaped confluence, the contaminated tailing slurry. In order to understand the role of tributaries in the recovery of the Doce River, 2D hydrodynamic and 2D sediment transport models were applied at the confluence of the Carmo River with the Piranga River. Our results, based on hydraulic modeling, remote sensing, and in-situ measurements, indicated that significant amounts of sediments were trapped on the riverbanks and stone banks, making this confluence an important site for the retention of contaminated sediments, influencing sediment budgets and downstream water quality. Therefore, this confluence deserves special attention from water engineering in order to prevent the sediments retained in this area from being transported downstream during extreme events in the coming years. These results can contribute to decision-making, to identify reaches with greater susceptibility to erosion and sediment deposition and to plan the restoration of these rivers. 2022 50yr yr 50 interval Yshaped Y shaped slurry D modeling sensing insitu situ measurements banks quality Therefore years decisionmaking, decisionmaking decision making, decision-making rivers 202 5 20 2

RESUMO Em janeiro de 2022, o Rio Carmo (um afluente do Rio Doce) foi afetado por um evento hidrológico extremo, com um tempo de retorno de 50 anos. Esse evento foi 50% mais intenso do que o associado a uma das maiores falhas de barragem de rejeitos já registradas, que ocorreu neste mesmo rio. Isso resultou no despejo de rejeitos de mineração contaminados no Rio Doce, por meio do Rio Carmo, em uma confluência em forma de Y. Com objetivo de entender a função dos afluentes na recuperação do rio Doce, foram realizadas simulações hidrodinâmicas e de transporte de sedimentos, a partir da versão bidimensional do modelo HEC-RAS, na confluência do rio do Carmo com o rio Piranga. Nossos resultados, com base em modelagem numérica, sensoriamento remoto e medições in situ, apontaram que grandes quantidades de sedimentos foram retidas nas margens do rio e nos bancos de pedra, o que torna esta confluência um local importante para a retenção de sedimentos contaminados, com influências significativas para a qualidade de água a jusante. Sendo assim, essa confluência merece uma atenção especial da engenharia Hídrica a fim de evitar que os sedimentos retidos nesta área sejam transportados a jusante durante os eventos extremos nos próximos anos. Esses resultados podem contribuir para a tomada de decisões, para identificação de trechos com maior suscetibilidade a erosão e deposição de sedimento e para planejamento da restauração desses rios. 2022 Doce extremo 5 anos registradas Y HECRAS, HECRAS HEC RAS, RAS HEC-RAS Piranga numérica situ pedra assim decisões rios 202 20 2

Abstract Biomarkers of environmental contamination have been frequently used in the assessment of marine ecosystem quality because they provide quantitative measures of biological changes in organisms exposed to pollutants such as hydrocarbons from oil spills. Polychaetes have been tested as sentinel organisms of marine environmental health because they are abundant taxa of benthic assemblages and their sedentary lifestyle ensures chronic exposure to toxins in impacted areas. In this study, we evaluated whether the polychaete Scolelepis goodbodyi can be used as a reliable sentinel species for exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from an experimental diesel spill in a dissipative sand beach in the Southern Atlantic. The design used in this study comprised replicated control and diesel impact sites sampled four times (one, two, four and seven days) before and after the impact. Total PAH levels reached 114.0 ng g -1 in the impact site one day after the diesel spill; however, the pattern of biomarker responses in S. goodbodyi was primarily influenced by spatial variation rather than being attributed to the simulated diesel spill. The apparent absence of a contaminating effect may be linked to the low levels of the toxins retained in the sediment after the spill was simulated to elicit a response or to the presence of an efficient repair system within the organism. Furthermore, the sediments tested in this study, composed of sandy fractions, had a low capacity to concentrate PAHs after the simulated diesel spill, which may have contributed to the low significant changes in their biomarker activities. Based on our results, further studies testing other Polychaeta species and simulating oil spills in sedimentary environments composed of fine sediments such as salt marshes and mangroves may help produce evidence on more effective biomarker responses in these organisms. areas (PAHs Atlantic one, (one two days 1140 114 0 114. 1 - however S organism Furthermore fractions activities results 11

Abstract: Aim The Kallada River is exposed to several kinds of pollution from domestic, civic, recreational, and agricultural activities and human settlements. The objectives of the study were to assess sediment quality, especially the trace metal concentration and to compare with the previous reports on the sources of pollutants in the Kallada River. Methods A total of 12 sediment variables including the following metals: iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn) were analyzed. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to detect trace metal concentration in the sediment samples. Statistical tools such as Pearson’s correlation, Principal component analysis (PCA), and Cluster analysis (CA) were employed to analyze the data and source of pollutants. Results This investigation indicated that Fe was the most accumulated element in the sediments, and the midstream (K6 and K10) and downstream sites (K11 to K15) showed a much higher concentration level than the upstream sites. The concentrations of trace metals in sediment samples followed the order Fe> Mn> Cu>Zn. Conclusions The present study concluded that major sources of pollutants were sewage and civic effluents and agricultural discharges. These may cause a severe threat to the Kallada River and health risk to the local populations, which rely on the river, primarily for drinking purposes. Hence, appropriate conservation policies to reduce pollution are therefore essential. Abstract domestic recreational settlements quality 1 Fe, , (Fe) Mn, Mn (Mn) Cr, Cr (Cr) Zn (Zn analyzed AAS (AAS Pearsons Pearson s correlation PCA, PCA (PCA) CA (CA sediments K6 K (K K10 K11 (K1 K15 CuZn Cu Cu>Zn discharges populations river purposes Hence essential (Fe (Mn (Cr (PCA K1

Resumo: Objetivo O Rio Kallada está exposto a vários tipos de poluição decorrentes de atividades domésticas, cívicas, recreativas, agrícolas e assentamentos humanos. Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar a qualidade do sedimento, especialmente a concentração de metais traços, e comparar com relatórios anteriores sobre as fontes de poluentes no Rio Kallada, India. Métodos Um total de 12 descritores de sedimento, incluindo os seguintes metais: ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn), cromo (Cr) e zinco (Zn), foram analisados. Um espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica foi usado para detectar a concentração de metais traços nas amostras de sedimento. Correlação de Pearson, análise de componentes principais (PCA) e análise de agrupamento (CA) foram usadas para analisar os dados e fontes de poluentes. Resultados Esta pesquisa indicou que o Fe foi o elemento mais acumulado nos sedimentos, e os locais de meio do rio (K6 e K10) e jusante (K11 a K15) mostraram um nível de concentração muito mais alto do que os locais a montante. As concentrações de metais traços nas amostras de sedimento seguiram a ordem Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn. Conclusões O presente estudo concluiu que as principais fontes de poluentes foram esgotos, efluentes domésticos e descargas agrícolas. Estes podem representar uma ameaça severa ao Rio Kallada e riscos à saúde das populações locais, que dependem principalmente do rio para fins de consumo de água. Portanto, políticas de conservação apropriadas para reduzir a poluição são essenciais. Resumo domésticas cívicas recreativas humanos India 1 Fe, , (Fe) Mn, (Mn) Cr (Cr Zn, Zn (Zn) analisados Pearson PCA (PCA CA (CA sedimentos K6 K (K K10 K11 (K1 K15 montante esgotos água Portanto essenciais (Fe (Mn (Zn K1

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the biogenic composition of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) in pelagic sediments in the Santos Basin over the past 140,000 years. The content and composition of CaCO 3 in different sediment fractions were evaluated, including the bulk sample, coarse fraction (foraminifera), medium fraction (juvenile foraminifera and fragments), and fine fraction (nannofossils), to determine the contribution of each fraction to the carbonated sediment composition. We found that variations in CaCO 3 levels were closely linked to glacial and interglacial periods, with higher values during interglacial periods and lower values during glacial periods. The main factor controlling the variation in CaCO 3 was dissolution, which was mainly linked to the influx of more corrosive southern water masses. Fluctuations in CaCO 3 levels were influenced by variations in productivity and dilution caused by terrigenous sediments. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that both processes held a relatively minor impact compared to dissolution. Productivity primarily contributed to increased dissolution rates. During periods of low sea levels, dilution by terrigenous sediments became significant (similarly, the influence of the La Plata River plume was notable). However, due to the limited presence of riverine supply in the study area, which contributes directly to major dilution influences, fluctuations in terrigenous materials were considered of lesser magnitude than those caused by dissolution. The nannofossils were found to be the largest contributor to the total CaCO 3 composition, as they were the fraction least affected by the dissolution process. Overall, our results provide insights into the factors influencing CaCO 3 accumulation in marine sediments and can be used as a tool to determine changes between climatic cycles over time. 140000 140 000 140,00 years evaluated sample foraminifera, , (foraminifera) juvenile fragments, fragments fragments) nannofossils, (nannofossils) masses Nevertheless rates similarly, similarly (similarly notable. notable . notable) However area influences process Overall time 14000 14 00 140,0 (foraminifera (nannofossils 1400 1 0 140,

Abstract In Mexico, natural disasters related to sediments, such as landslides, landslides and alluviums, are generally induced by anthropogenic activities such as road construction, which modify the vegetation cover, soil characteristics, root density and soil stability. slopes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the mechanical and chemical characteristics of roots of tree forest species (J. deppeana, Q. sideroxyla, P. durangensis y P. cooperi) present in slope cuts of the main road that connects the urban area with the rural area of the municipality of Pueblo Nuevo, Durango. 30 root samples per species were collected and divided into three diameter categories (CD) (CD I = 0.1-3.0 mm, CD II = 3.1-6.0 mm and CD III = 6.1-10 mm). The mechanical properties (maximum breaking force [Fmax], tensile strength [Ts] and elastic modulus [Eroot]) were analyzed with an Instron SATEC universal machine at a constant speed of 10 mm/min. The amount of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose was determined using the Van-Soest method. The results showed significant differences between species for all the properties analyzed. Particularly J. deppeana presented higher values of Fmax, Ts and Eroot of 402.80 N, 34.06 N mm2, 1283.45 N mm2, as well as the contents of cellulose (40.29%), hemicellulose (12.57%) and lignin (37.63%). The mechanical and chemical characterization of the roots of the evaluated forest species provides important information that can be considered in slope maintenance and rehabilitation activities.

Resumen En México los desastres naturales relacionados con sedimentos, como los desprendimientos, deslizamientos y aluviones, generalmente son inducidos por actividades antropogénicas como la construcción de caminos, que modifican, la cubierta vegetal, características del suelo, la densidad de las raíces y la estabilidad de los taludes. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar las características mecánicas y químicas de raíces de especies forestales arbóreas (J. deppeana, Q. sideroxyla, P. durangensis y P. cooperi) presentes en cortes de talud de la carretera principal que conecta la zona urbana con la zona rural del municipio de Pueblo Nuevo, Durango. Se colectaron 30 muestras de raíces por especie y fueron divididas en tres categorías diamétricas (CD) (CD I = 0.1-3.0 mm, CD II = 3.1-6.0 mm y CD III = 6.1-10 mm). Las propiedades mecánicas (fuerza máxima de quiebre [Fmax], fuerza de tensión [Ts] y módulo de elasticidad [Eroot]) se analizaron con una maquina universal Instron SATEC a una velocidad constante de 10 mm/min. La cantidad de celulosa, lignina y hemicelulosa se determinó por medio del método de Van-Soest. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas entre especies para todas las propiedades analizadas. Particularmente J. deppeana presentó valores más altos de Fmax, Ts y Eroot de 402.80 N, 34.06 N mm2, 1283.45N mm2, así como de los contenidos de celulosa (40.29%), hemicelulosa (12.57%) y lignina (37.63%). La caracterización mecánica y química de las raíces de las especies forestales evaluadas provee información importante que puede ser considerada en actividades de mantenimiento y rehabilitación de taludes.

Abstract The Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF) is a globally known region for its world-class metallic deposits. Although its Precambrian units have been vastly studied since the 1960s due to economic importance, the Cenozoic geological record represents an upcoming subject of interest. The occurrence of Cenozoic sedimentary deposits has been noticed since the end of the 19th century, but most of them are not yet fully characterized. This paper brings a complete description, mapping, 3D modeling, and simulations of the sedimentary deposit named Bandeira Basin, Serra do Tamanduá, QF. Based on field data, such as mapping and drill core database analysis, three drill cores were selected for further investigation and detailed description. The Bandeira Basin can be characterized and subdivided into three units: Unit A: found only in the southeast area and shows exclusively sediments from the Nova Lima Group; Unit B: intermediate unit that occurs in central and southeast areas, with Rio das Velhas Supergroup as a possible source of the sedimentary material; and Unit C: occurs at the top, and it is essentially colluvial deposits from Minas Supergroup units. The contacts between units are abrupt or erosive, recording successive deposition stages. The basin is thicker on its central and southwest ends and thinner on the east and north, where part of the basement outcrops. Cenozoic tectonic events were probably active in this area, controlling the sedimentary processes, with the NW-SE and NE-SW lineaments reactivated, triggering sediment deposition and migration to the deepest spot of the basin. These sediments were 3D modeled in Leapfrog Geo, the visualization of any given region of interest, in the modeled scale. This methodology allowed an assertive characterization of sedimentary filling and could be applied to other basins. This comprehension is important because these sediments are used indirectly or directly in civil projects. QF (QF worldclass world class s importance interest th century description D modeling Tamanduá data analysis A Group B areas material C top erosive stages north outcrops processes NWSE NW SE NESW NE SW reactivated Geo scale basins projects

Abstract Restinga formations are defined as the vegetation covering sandy coastal sediments deposited during the Quaternary period, regardless their physiognomy. They are usually characterized as areas of confluence between plant species associated with diverse phytogeographical domains. However, detailed floristic and biogeographic studies are still required to better define their distribution patterns, the origins of their plant species, and their biogeographical affinities. In this study, we investigate the floristic similarities among restingas in Northern and Northeastern Brazil and diverse ecosystems from different Brazilian phytogeographical domains (Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Amazonia). We employed multivariate analyses to investigate differences in species composition and identify floristically similar groups. While sharing species with other ecosystems, restingas exhibit unique floristic composition, representing a coastal flora. Furthermore, the restingas of Northern and Northeastern Brazil are biogeographically subdivided according to previously recognized sectors of the coast of the country. These findings underscore the complex nature of restinga ecosystems, influenced by environmental factors such as geographic distance, geology and climate. These insights contribute to a nuanced understanding of the complex relationships between restingas and their surrounding ecosystems, facilitating informed conservation efforts in the face of escalating urban and industrial expansion along the Brazilian coast. period physiognomy However patterns affinities study Caatinga, Caatinga (Caatinga Cerrado Amazonia. Amazonia . Amazonia) groups flora Furthermore country distance climate

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo ajustar as curvas chave de transporte de sedimentos em três seções do rio Pandeiros (Brasil), bem como estabelecer modelos para a estimativa da concentração de sólidos suspensos utilizando as variáveis vazão e turbidez. O estudo utilizou dados medidos entre maio de 2019 e janeiro de 2023. Foram determinadas: a vazão, a concentração de sólidos suspensos, a descarga sólida em suspensão e a turbidez. As curvas chave de sedimentos foram ajustadas seguindo o modelo potencial. O coeficiente de determinação foi superior a 0,93 em todos ajustes. Quanto aos modelos ajustados para estimar a concentração de sólidos suspensos, os melhores resultados foram obtidos pelo modelo potencial, utilizando a vazão como variável independente, e linear, utilizando a turbidez como variável independente. Concluiu-se que as curvas chave de sedimentos e os modelos ajustados para estimar a concentração de sólidos podem ser utilizados para auxiliar no monitoramento hidrossedimentológico no rio Pandeiros. Brasil, Brasil , (Brasil) 201 2023 determinadas potencial 093 0 93 0,9 ajustes independente linear Concluiuse Concluiu se (Brasil 20 202 09 9 0, 2

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to fit the sediment rating curves in three sampling points of the Pandeiros River (Brazil), as well as to establish models for estimating the suspended solids concentration using the flow and turbidity data. The study used data measured between May 2019 and January 2023. The following variables were determined: flow, suspended solids concentration, suspended solids discharge and turbidity. The sediment rating curves were fitted using the power model. The coefficient of determination was higher than 0.93 for all the fits. As for the models fitted to estimate the suspended solids concentration, the best results were obtained by the power model, using flow as the independent variable, and the linear model, using turbidity as the independent variable. It was concluded that both the rating sediment curve and the models fitted to estimate the solids concentration can be used to assist in the hydrosedimentological monitoring of the Pandeiros River. Brazil, Brazil , (Brazil) 201 2023 determined model 093 0 93 0.9 fits variable (Brazil 20 202 09 9 0. 2

Abstract Aim i) is there a difference in the level of contamination in the different parts of the basin in the water, sediment and aquatic macrophytes compartments? and ii) do the three compartments respond similarly to metal contamination? Methods Samples of water, sediment and aquatic macrophytes (Salvinia auriculata Aubl., Pistia stratiotes L., Ludwigia helminthorrhiza (Mart.) H. Hara and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) were collected at 10 sampling sites in different stretches of a tropical hydrographic basin. We determined the metal concentrations of Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cu and Cd, and to the results we applied Principal Component Analysis (PCA), separately for each compartment, to order the sampling sites. Results Fe and Mn had higher concentrations than other metals in plants and sediment. With the exception of Mn, the order of metals was similar between water and sediment. However, the PCAs ordered the sampling sites differently. Our results demonstrated that the ordering of sampling sites by metal concentrations differs among water, sediment and macrophytes. Conclusions We conclude that to evaluate the contamination of aquatic environments by metals and the effects of contamination on the food chain, it is not enough to evaluate them only in water or sediment, but also in an aquatic community. i ii Salvinia Aubl Aubl. L L. Mart. Mart (Mart. H Solms 1 Pb Ni Zn Cr Cd PCA, PCA , (PCA) compartment However differently chain community (Mart (PCA

Resumo Objetivo i) existe diferença no grau de contaminação nas diferentes partes da bacia nos compartimentos água, sedimento e macrófitas aquáticas? e ii) os três compartimentos respondem de forma semelhante à contaminação por metais? Metódos Amostras de água, sedimento e macrófitas aquáticas (Salvinia auriculata Aubl., Pistia stratiotes L., Ludwigia helminthorrhiza (Mart.) H. Hara e Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) foram coletadas em 10 locais de amostragem em diferentes trechos de uma bacia hidrográfica tropical. Foram determinadas as concentrações de Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cu e Cd e aos resultados nós aplicamos uma Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP), separadamente para cada compartimento, para ordenar os locais de coleta. Resultados Fe e Mn mostraram maiores concentrações do que os outros metais nas plantas e no sedimento. Com exceção do Mn, a ordem dos metais foi similar na água e no sedimento. No entanto, a ACP ordenou os locais de coleta de forma diferente. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a ordenação dos locais de amostragem por concentração de metais difere entre água, sedimento e macrófitas. Conclusão Nós concluímos que avaliar a contaminação de ambientes aquáticos por metais e os efeitos da contaminação na cadeia alimentar, não basta avalia-los apenas na água e sedimento, mas também em alguma comunidade aquática. i ii Salvinia Aubl Aubl. L L. Mart. Mart (Mart. H Solms 1 tropical Pb Ni Zn Cr ACP, , (ACP) compartimento entanto diferente alimentar avalialos avalia los aquática (Mart (ACP