Resumen Este artículo aborda en clave cronológica y procesual la relación entre el fútbol, la seguridad y el Estado. Específicamente, este trabajo reconstruye, describe y problematiza la gestión pública de la seguridad deportiva en los dos gobiernos de Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (2007-2015). El foco del texto está centrado en las políticas, dispositivos y estrategias puestos en práctica por organismos y actores estatales para regular y gestionar a violencia en el fútbol, fenómeno que concebimos como un problema público en Argentina. La investigación que sustenta este texto fue realizada para la tesis doctoral del autor y metodológicamente moviliza una combinación de enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos que incluye: cuantificación de hechos de violencia, análisis de marcos normativos, análisis documental, observación en estadios de fútbol y entrevistas. El abordaje teórico y conceptual proviene de la intersección entre el campo de la seguridad/inseguridad y los estudios socio-antropológicos sobre violencias en el fútbol. Entre los principales resultados se muestra el carácter de «mercancía política» de la seguridad en el fútbol, los abordajes de seguridad contrapuestos ideológicamente dentro del mismo gobierno político, la tensión entre saberes civiles y policiales y la híper-centralidad de las barras bravas en la gestión de la seguridad deportiva.

Abstract This article addresses, in a chronological and procedural approach, the relationship between football, security and the State. Specifically, this work reconstructs, describes, and problematizes the public management of sports security during the two terms of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner's government (2007-2015). The focus of the text is centered on the policies, devices and strategies implemented by state agencies and actors to regulate and manage violence in football, a phenomenon conceived as a public issue in Argentina. The research supporting this text was conducted for the author's doctoral thesis and methodologically employs a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches, including: quantification of violent incidents, analysis of legislative frameworks, documentary analysis, observation in football stadiums, and interviews. The theoretical and conceptual approach comes from the intersection between the field of security/insecurity and socio-anthropological studies on violence in football. Among the main results, the article reveals the «political commodity» nature of security in football, the ideologically opposed security approaches within the same political government, the tension between civilian and police knowledge, and the hyper-centrality of hooligan groups in sports security management.

The article aims to analyze the Federal Government Criminal Policy during Lula’s second term and to present how the government action in this area articulated policies of militarization of security and measures to fulfill citizenship rights. It is argued that one of the focuses of this hybrid formation is the construction of the specter of Organized Crime as one of the responsible for social problems in the country and as an enemy to be fought by government agencies. As a conclusion, it is argued that this hybrid criminal policy did not achieve the results of guaranteeing rights and contributed to the expansion of military urbanism in Brazil. Lulas Lula s agencies conclusion Brazil

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar a política criminal do Governo Federal no segundo mandato de Lula e apresentar como a atuação nesta área articulou políticas de militarização da segurança e medidas de efetivação da cidadania. Argumenta-se que um dos focos desta formação híbrida está na construção da figura do “Crime Organizado” como um dos principais responsáveis por problemas sociais do país e como inimigo a ser combatido pelas agências governamentais. Ao final, sustenta-se que esta política criminal híbrida não obteve os resultados de garantia de direitos e contribuiu para a expansão da lógica de urbanismo militar no Brasil. cidadania Argumentase Argumenta se Crime Organizado governamentais final sustentase sustenta Brasil

Abstract Counter-narcotics plans, the redefinition of threats to the U.S., and Chinese and Russian presence in Latin America and the Caribbean have reignited the debate on security assistance, which involves economic and military components. Several actors and the U.S. government allege ‘failed’ results regarding the drug war, and they recommend increasing the amount of such assistance. This article reviews the definition and how government, academia, and think tanks distinguish military from economic support. Official data from 2010-2022 show that 90% of foreign assistance correspond to economic assistance and 10 per cent to military assistance. To contrast this information, we propose the reclassification of the assistance items, through a critical analysis that yields different results where in the same period security assistance amounts to 35% of the total. This is an index of the systematic way, throughout different U.S. administrations, in which security goods and services tend to be placed in non-military security programs, as part of economic assistance, when by origin and objectives, they correspond with the military sphere.

Resumen Los planes antinarcóticos, la redefinición de las amenazas a EE. UU. y la presencia de China y Rusia en América Latina y el Caribe, han reanimado el debate sobre la asistencia en seguridad, que implica componentes tanto económicos como militares. Diversos actores y el Gobierno estadounidense alegan resultados “fallidos” de la guerra contra el narcotráfico y sugieren aumentar el rubro de dicha asistencia. Este artículo revisa la definición y el modo en que el Gobierno, la academia y laboratorios de pensamiento distinguen el apoyo militar del económico. Los datos oficiales de 2010-2022 arrojan que un 90 % de la asistencia exterior correspondería a la asistencia económica y solo un 10 % a la militar. Para contrastar esta información, se propone la reclasificación de los rubros de la asistencia mediante un análisis crítico que arroja resultados diferentes en el que en el mismo período la asistencia en seguridad asciende al 35 % del total. Esto es un indicio del modo sistemático, a lo largo de diferentes administraciones estadounidenses, en que los bienes y servicios de seguridad tienden a ser ubicados en programas de seguridad no militares, como parte de la asistencia económica, cuando por origen y objetivos, se corresponden con el ámbito militar.

ABSTRACT The future projection of brick-and-mortar travel agencies is addressed based on the perspective of both online and traditional travel agency users. The study aimed to investigate if traditional agencies are technologically prepared to meet the requests of online consumers, finding out how travel agency consumers value their shopping experience both for the virtual and face-to-face channels and to determine the future of traditional agencies in Spain. After the literature review, a quantitative survey was conducted, and 879 survey forms were collected from travel agency consumers who during 2019 had purchased at least one product and/or service using a travel agency in Spain. After performing statistical data analysis using IBM SPSS; it is concluded that brick-and-mortar agencies should consider all existing sales channels so as not to be displaced and should develop omnichannel strategies. Regarding the evaluation of the consumer's shopping experience; the personalized treatment, the advice and the degree of comfort and security that traditional agencies provide are decisive; without considering the economic cost. Although OTA booking has become the most used booking channel; brick-and-mortar travel agencies have a future projection if they implement technology, specializing in niche markets to meet new consumer profiles.

RESUMEN Se aborda la proyección futura de las agencias de viajes presenciales considerando la perspectiva de usuarios de agencias online y presenciales. Los objetivos consistieron en averiguar si las agencias presenciales están tecnológicamente preparadas para atender las solicitudes de los consumidores online, averiguar la valoración de la experiencia que los consumidores de agencias de viajes otorgan al canal virtual y al presencial y determinar el futuro de las agencias presenciales en España. Revisada la literatura se desarrolló una metodología cuantitativa aplicando un cuestionario a consumidores de agencias de viajes que en 2019 hubiesen comprado en una agencia de España al menos un producto y/o servicio. Analizadas las 879 respuestas obtenidas con IBM SPSS se concluye que las agencias presenciales deberían considerar todos los canales de venta existentes para no verse desplazadas; desarrollando estrategias omnicanal. Respecto a la valoración de la experiencia de compra; el trato cercano, el asesoramiento y la comodidad y seguridad que las agencias presenciales brindan resultan decisivos, sin considerar el coste económico. Pese a que la agencia virtual es el canal de reservas más empleado; las agencias de viajes presenciales tienen proyección futura, si implementan tecnología para especializarse y permanecer próximas a los nuevos perfiles de consumidores.

There are continued quests to achieve and maintain peace and security in the world, with special reference to Nigeria. However, in her history, sustainable peace and security have not been wholesomely consolidated. Nigeria is one of the crises-ridden nations in the world as indicated by the intensifying issues of insecurity, corruption, religious intolerance, multi-faceted ethnic groups, poor economy, poverty, poor education, unemployment, kidnapping cases, leadership, and political interests. Although, the federal and state governments as well as other external and internal agencies and Nigerian citizens may or may not be making adequate efforts to ensure peace and security in Nigeria, the bordering question is whether Nigeria, as a country, ever can achieve sustainable peace and security. The study adopted the exegetical design. This design involves descriptive, analytical, and hermeneutical research exercises related to the exegesis of the studied text, as well as the application of the lessons drawn from the exegesis to the theological and social issues being studied. The study employed the social-scientific method of biblical criticism to study 1 Thessalonians 5:3 and applied its findings to the issue of the world with special focus on Nigeria seeking peace and security, though worldly. This study explored the Nigerian quests for εἰρήνη and ἀσφάλεια, and unveiled the sociological and the Pauline theological insights to the causes and the theological implications of 1 Thessalonians 5:3 to the crises of peace and security in Nigeria. This study found that, like the rest of the world, Nigeria is one of the nations that is in desperate need for peace and security and hence, although worldly, is engaged in the quest for peace and security. In fulfilment of the prophetic utterance of Paul, the world has kept on questing for peace and security; however, achieving and consolidating sustainable peace and security appear to be an illusion. Although worldly, Nigeria is one of the nations in the world that is questing for peace and security. However, the disciples of Jesus should understand that it is in Jesus that they could be bequeathed wholesome, sustainable, and transcending peace and security. CONTRIBUTION: This study unveiled that the 1st-century social-context and Paul's theology reveal the root causes of the crises of peace and security in the world, with particular reference to Nigeria. This study advances Paul's theology that, although the world will keep talking about peace and security, εἰρήνη and ἀσφάλεια are obtained through identification with God through Jesus.

RESUMEN Los archivos de la represión en Argentina reúnen documentos producidos por organismos de inteligencia, legales e ilegales, de las fuerzas de seguridad tanto en contextos autoritarios como democráticos. Este artículo aborda el archivo del Servicio de Inteligencia Zona Mar Argentino Norte de la Prefectura Nacional (SIPNA), específicamente los informes dedicados a la vigilancia de las actividades de los trabajadores y de los sindicatos en el puerto de Mar del Plata en el período 1957-1975. En el marco del Análisis del Discurso y de los estudios retóricos, proponemos analizar el efecto de la memoria retórico-argumental (Vitale, 2015) a través del retorno, la reformulación y la desaparición de estrategias persuasivas. En particular, relevamos tres elementos dóxicos (Amossy, 2000, 2005; Angenot, 2010) del SIPNA que reaparecen en diferentes coyunturas históricas para provocar la adhesión del auditorio: los tópicos de la coerción gremial sobre los trabajadores, del sindicalista corrupto e inoperante y de la justicia, “a igual esfuerzo, igual remuneración”. Además, relevamos el uso de la fórmula discursiva “libertad de trabajo” (Krieg-Planque, 2010). En suma, el trabajo se centra en los valores y creencias del SIPNA con el objetivo de contribuir a la comprensión del funcionamiento del complejo sistema de inteligencia y del imaginario represivo en Argentina.

ABSTRACT The archives of state repression in Argentina collect documents produced by legal and illegal intelligence agencies of the security forces. This article examine the archive of the Argentine Naval Prefecture for the so-called North Atlantic Zone (SIPNA). We focus in the documentary material monitoring the workers activities and the trade unions in the port of Mar del Plata city from 1957 to 1975. From a rhetorical and discourse analysis perspective, we use the notion of rhetorical- argumentative memory (Vitale, 2015) to describe the persistence, disappearance and transformation of prior persuasive strategies. We analyse in deph three elements of SIPNA’s doxa (Amossy, 2000, 2005; Angenot, 2010): the topic of union’s coercive power, the topic of corrupt and ineffective leaders within the workforce and the topic of justice, “equal pay for equal work “. Furthermore, we examine the use of the discursive formula “Libertad de trabajo” (“Freedom to work during a strike”) (Krieg-Planque, 2010). This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the complex system of surveillance practices and the repressive imaginary in Argentina.

ABSTRACT Sugarcane irrigation is one of the main technologies to increase productivity and profitability in the sugar-energy sector. However, to improve the management of water resources in Brazil, growers need to obtain a water rights permitfrom regulatory agencies. The calculation of water rights is determined from data based on estimates of rainfall and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) provided by the Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico (ANA). The primary hypothesis of this study was that the method proposed by ANA to calculate water rights did not provide operational security since it lacked an adequate probabilistic character. As a corollary, we included a secondary hypothesis stating that determining flows through the simplified FAO method proposed in the CROPWAT 8.0 manual displayed vulnerability due to the criteria to choose the representative years. This research aimed to compare such methodologies with a more detailed case study (standard method), taking into account the temporal variability of these estimates, the irrigation criteria, and the probability of occurrence of ETo and rainfall to determine water rights for sugarcane irrigation. During the period between Apr and Sept (dry period), the calculation method proposed by ANA met the needs of the project. However, when rainfall was concentrated (Oct to Mar), the calculation method tended to underestimate the monthly values of available flows. The simplified method proposed by FAO and the alternative method proposed here approached ideal conditions. sugarenergy sugar energy sector However Brazil agencies (ETo ANA. . (ANA) character corollary 80 8 0 8. years standard method, , method) dry period, period) project Oct Mar, Mar Mar) conditions (ANA

ABSTRACT The article presents partial data on the human rights violations committed during the military dictatorship by Petrobras, a relevant investigation insofar as the report by the National Truth Commission (2014) did not consider corporate responsibility during this period. In the case of Petrobras, it left out agents of repression who worked for the company and issues such as the work of its Information Division during the 1970s, its support for operations by the security agencies, and the invasion of indigenous lands for research and exploitation of mineral resources. In addition, the Public Report (2023), organized by the research coordinated by CAAF/Unifesp on corporate responsibility, is lacking in this regard. This research reflects on corporate responsibility based on authors such as Victoria Basualdo, and on the judicialization of these cases, based on the Inter-American Human Rights System and other precedents in international law. Petrobras 2014 (2014 period 1970s s agencies resources addition 2023, 2023 , (2023) CAAFUnifesp CAAF Unifesp regard Basualdo cases InterAmerican Inter American law 201 (201 202 (2023 20 (20 (202 2 (2 (

RESUMO O artigo apresenta dados parciais concernentes às violações aos direitos humanos cometidas na ditadura militar pela Petrobras, investigação relevante na medida em que o relatório da Comissão Nacional da Verdade (2014) não considerou a responsabilidade empresarial ao longo deste período. No caso da Petrobras, deixaram-se de lado agentes da repressão que atuavam na empresa e questões como a atuação de sua Divisão de Informações durante os anos 1970, seu apoio a operações dos órgãos de Segurança e a invasão de terras indígenas para pesquisa e exploração de recursos minerais. Além disso, o Informe Público (2023) organizado pela pesquisa coordenada pelo CAAF/Unifesp sobre responsabilidade empresarial é lacunar a este respeito. Esta pesquisa reflete sobre a responsabilização empresarial com base em autores como Victoria Basualdo, e sobre a judicialização desses casos, partindo do Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos e de outros precedentes do Direito Internacional. Petrobras 2014 (2014 período deixaramse deixaram se 1970 minerais disso 2023 (2023 CAAFUnifesp CAAF Unifesp respeito Basualdo casos Internacional 201 (201 197 202 (202 20 (20 19 2 (2 1 (

Abstract This paper analyzes the influence of government support on the implementation of video surveillance, one of the tools usable in smart cities, and the effect of this technology on the performance of public security in the city of Recife. With a qualitative approach, the study locus was the Integrated Center (CIODS), which encompasses the public security forces and provides the video monitoring service in Recife. Interviews were conducted with video surveillance operators. The results show that government support is essential; however, in Recife, it is understood as insufficient for the use of innovations in public security, especially concerning the technology analyzed here. It is concluded that integration between agencies in the video surveillance system favors the expansion and applicability of the concept of smart cities to Recife.

Resumo Este trabalho analisa a influência do apoio governamental na implementação da videovigilância, uma das ferramentas utilizáveis em cidades inteligentes, e o efeito desta no desempenho da segurança pública de Recife. De abordagem qualitativa, o locus foi o Centro Integrado (Ciods), que abarca as forças de segurança pública e oferta o serviço de videomonitoramento em Recife. A partir de entrevista com os operadores empregados na videovigilância, os resultados encontrados demonstram que o amparo governamental é essencial, porém, em Recife, ele é entendido como insuficiente ao emprego de inovações na segurança pública, em especial na tecnologia analisada. Ainda assim, conclui-se que a integração entre os órgãos no sistema de videovigilância favorece a expansão e a aplicabilidade do conceito de cidades inteligentes a Recife.

ABSTRACT As a result of the debates held during the XI Seminar on Service, Research and Public Policy, on the theme “Urban Agriculture and Food and Nutrition Security: organic food in school meals”, this article summarizes the speeches of researchers, agricultural producers, representatives of civil society institutions and government agencies on urban food production. From the perspective of the of urban agriculture contribution to the quality of food, issues related to the scope and limits of the distribution of these foods through public facilities and destination to public policies, such as the school meal program, are addressed in light of experiences in the cities of São Paulo and Castro, in Paraná. Considering the supply of urban centers and the importance of organizational and food environments, debate took national and international guidelines on the social determinants of contemporary health and nutrition as a theoretical reference. The difficulties that mark the production of urban agriculture were addressed, and the actions of local initiatives that made it possible to advance towards a viable economic activity that promotes healthy eating and equity were presented. The role of public food policies, still limited in the field of urban agriculture, is evident to strengthen the work of farmers and public managers engaged in initiatives that already point to the potential for growth in this form of food production.

RESUMO Produto dos debates realizados por ocasião do XI Seminário Serviço, Pesquisa e Política Pública, sobre o tema “Agricultura Urbana e Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional: o alimento orgânico na alimentação escolar”, este artigo sintetiza a fala de pesquisadores, produtores agrícolas, representantes de instituições da sociedade civil e de órgãos governamentais sobre a produção urbana de alimentos. Tendo como perspectiva a contribuição da agricultura urbana para a qualidade da alimentação, são tratados temas relativos aos alcances e limites para a distribuição destes alimentos por equipamentos públicos e destinação a políticas públicas como a alimentação escolar, à luz de experiências nas cidades de São Paulo e Castro, no Paraná. Considerações sobre o abastecimento de centros urbanos e a importância de ambientes organizacionais e ambientes alimentares tomaram como referencial diretrizes nacionais e internacionais sobre os determinantes sociais da situação de saúde e nutrição na contemporaneidade. São apontadas as dificuldades que marcam a produção da agricultura urbana, e as ações de iniciativas locais que possibilitaram avançar na direção de uma atividade econômica viável e promotora de alimentação saudável e de equidade. O papel das políticas públicas de alimentação, ainda limitado no que se refere à agricultura urbana, é patente para promover o fortalecimento do trabalho de agricultores e gestores públicos engajados nas iniciativas que já apontam o potencial de crescimento desta forma de produzir alimentos.

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Abstract Based on our investigations with the Federal Forces of Argentina, and with the Police of the Province of Santa Fe (Argentina), we propose to put into comparative dialogue a series of findings from our field work. Both investigations focus on the analysis of the practices, routines, relationships and knowledge involved in the investigation of complex crime at these two levels of government, based on the examination of police-judicial articulations. The field work carried out at the federal and provincial level, ethnographic and qualitative through in-depth interviews respectively, as well as the aforementioned comparison will allow us to know differences and regularities in the ways of investigating and promoting institutional links between state bureaucracies. These frameworks - police, judicial and executive - of different types and levels, despite their differences, point to the existence of strong similarities and continuities. Criminal investigation has been a poorly developed topic. Social and legal sciences prioritize the study of other police practices and types of crime. Likewise, the investigations that are carried out in these areas focus on the procedures and routines - illegitimate and/or that involve excessive uses of physical force - of the police. members of the forces, more than in the proceedings of judicial officials. To address some of these relatively pending issues, first of all, we will comparatively investigate in search of similarities, continuities and differences, about what Criminal Investigation is at the federal and provincial levels and what agencies and practices it involves, trying to reveal what it “tells us” that articulation on the functional assembly or disengagement between state agencies when processing conflicts and violence. In Argentina, the police and security forces fulfill the function of auxiliaries of justice in those districts that do not have a Judicial Police, which is why they are key actors in the criminal investigation process. Criminal investigation requires the development of knowledge, agreements and routines that we will address based on the observations we have made within these bureaucracies and interviews with some of their agents. Secondly, we ask ourselves how and from what social processes - judicial, political and media - certain practices are criminalized, or not, in an area known as the “hot border” (Frederic, 2020; Renoldi, 2013) and in a province, Santa Fe, that has occupied the main headlines of national and provincial newspapers due to its permanent association with organized drug crime and the violence associated with it. Finally, we briefly characterize the inter-institutional relationships involved in criminal investigation processes.

Resumo Com base em nossas investigações com as Forças Federais da Argentina e com a Polícia da Província de Santa Fé (Argentina), propomos colocar em diálogo comparativo uma série de conclusões do nosso trabalho de campo. Ambas as investigações centram-se na análise das práticas, rotinas, relações e conhecimentos envolvidos na investigação de crimes complexos nestes dois níveis de governo, a partir do exame das articulações policial-judiciárias. O trabalho de campo realizado a nível federal e provincial, etnográfico e qualitativo através de entrevistas em profundidade respetivamente, bem como a referida comparação permitir-nos-ão conhecer diferenças e regularidades nas formas de investigar e promover vínculos institucionais entre as burocracias estatais. Estes enquadramentos - policial, judicial e executivo - de diferentes tipos e níveis, apesar das suas diferenças, apontam para a existência de fortes semelhanças e continuidades. A investigação criminal tem sido um tema pouco desenvolvido. As Ciências Sociais e Jurídicas priorizam o estudo de outras práticas policiais e tipos de crimes. Da mesma forma, as investigações que são realizadas nestas áreas centram-se nos procedimentos e rotinas - ilegítimas e/ou que envolvem usos excessivos de força física - dos membros das forças, mais do que nos procedimentos dos funcionários judiciais. Para abordar algumas destas questões relativamente pendentes, em primeiro lugar, investigaremos comparativamente, em busca de semelhanças, continuidades e diferenças, sobre o que é a Investigação Criminal a nível federal e provincial e quais os órgãos e práticas que envolve, tentando revelar o que é. “nos diz” essa articulação sobre a montagem funcional ou descomprometimento entre órgãos estatais no processamento de conflitos e violência. Na Argentina, a polícia e as forças de segurança desempenham a função de auxiliares da justiça nos distritos que não possuem Polícia Judiciária, razão pela qual são atores-chave no processo de investigação criminal. A investigação criminal exige o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos, acordos e rotinas que abordaremos com base nas observações que fizemos dentro dessas burocracias e em entrevistas com alguns de seus agentes. Em segundo lugar, questionamo-nos como e a partir de que processos sociais - judiciais, políticos e mediáticos - certas práticas são criminalizadas, ou não, numa área conhecida como “fronteira quente” (Frederic, 2020; Renoldi, 2013) e numa província, Santa Fé, que tem ocupado as principais manchetes dos jornais nacionais e provinciais devido à sua associação permanente com o crime organizado de drogas e a violência a ele associada. Por fim, caracterizamos brevemente as relações interinstitucionais envolvidas nos processos de investigação criminal.

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the effects and changes brought about by COVID-19 on retail travel agencies in A Coruña (Spain). The study aims to investigate the impact of past health crises and the actions taken by retail agencies in response. Additionally, the study aims to identify the opportunities and challenges faced by these agencies in the current context. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative methodology was developed to collect and analyse primary data, which was supplemented by secondary sources. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with relevant travel agency professionals. The results of the study highlight the impact of COVID-19 on the retail travel industry in A Coruña. The study found that no other pandemic has required retail agencies to adapt their working style to the limitations and measures set by governments. Teleworking has become crucial to their ability to continue operating. The study also found that COVID-19 has introduced opportunities and challenges, including the use of personalized attention as a strategy to gain a competitive advantage and the provision of security assurance in an environment of uncertainty and risk. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the impact of COVID-19 on the retail travel industry in A Coruña. The study highlights the need for retail agencies to adapt to changing circumstances and the opportunities and challenges that arise as a result. The findings of this study can be used to inform future research and policy decisions in the retail travel industry.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es examinar los efectos y los cambios provocados por la COVID-19 en las agencias de viajes minoristas de A Coruña (España). El estudio pretende investigar el impacto de anteriores crisis sanitarias y las medidas adoptadas por las agencias minoristas en respuesta a las mismas. Además, el estudio pretende identificar las oportunidades y retos a los que se enfrentan estas agencias en el contexto actual. Para alcanzar estos objetivos, se desarrolló una metodología cualitativa de recogida y análisis de datos primarios, que se complementó con fuentes secundarias. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad con profesionales relevantes de las agencias de viajes. Los resultados del estudio ponen de relieve el impacto de la COVID-19 en el sector minorista de los viajes en A Coruña. El estudio reveló que ninguna otra pandemia ha exigido que las agencias minoristas adapten su estilo de trabajo a las limitaciones y medidas establecidas por los gobiernos. El teletrabajo se ha convertido en un elemento crucial para que puedan seguir operando. El estudio también encontró que la COVID-19 ha introducido oportunidades y retos, incluyendo el uso de la atención personalizada como estrategia para obtener una ventaja competitiva y la provisión de garantías de seguridad en un entorno de incertidumbre y riesgo. En conclusión, este estudio proporciona información sobre el impacto de COVID-19 en la industria minorista de viajes en A Coruña. El estudio pone de relieve la necesidad de que las agencias minoristas se adapten a las circunstancias cambiantes y las oportunidades y retos que surgen como consecuencia de ello. Las conclusiones de este estudio pueden servir de base para futuras investigaciones y decisiones políticas en el sector de los viajes minoristas.

RESUMEN. El artículo analiza los factores políticos que atravesaron el diseño de las políticas de inteligencia criminal en la Argentina entre 2011 y 2021. Se argumenta que los sucesivos escándalos políticos relacionados con el uso ilegal de los organismos de inteligencia forjaron una agenda sectorial dominada casi exclusivamente por la preocupación acerca del control y la legitimidad democrática de las actividades de inteligencia. Esto no solo situó en un segundo plano la pregunta acerca de la efectividad de la inteligencia criminal, sino que también apuntaló la desconfianza de las élites locales en los organismos de inteligencia y restringió progresivamente el campo de acción de esta actividad, sobre todo en lo que respecta a su uso con fines preventivos o no judiciales.

ABSTRACT. The article analyzes the political factors that went through the design of criminal intelligence policies in Argentina between 2011 and 2021. It is argued that the successive political scandals related to the illegal use of intelligence agencies forged a sectoral agenda dominated almost exclusively by the concern about the control and democratic legitimacy of intelligence activities. This not only placed the question about the effectiveness of criminal intelligence in the background, but also underpinned the distrust of local elites in intelligence agencies and progressively restricted the scope of action of this activity, especially regarding to its use for preventive or non-judicial purposes.

Abstract The lack of agricultural involvement of the youth is a worldwide issue that endangers food security and sustainable development. As the youth continue to pursue non-agricultural courses and migrate to non-agricultural careers, there is a need to increase the labor force in the agricultural industry. As such, this phenomenological research aimed to understand the experiences of youths enrolled in agricultural courses. It aims to provide insights into the meanings of agriculture from individuals who have chosen to pursue agricultural education despite society’s pessimism about agriculture. Data was collected and analyzed using Collaizi'sdescriptive phenomenological method. We individually interviewed eleven senior high school students enrolled in an agricultural program at a Philippine state university. We also conducted member checking to enhance data validity and reliability. The participants have practical experience in agriculture, which focuses on crop production and livestock management. They also had communicative experiences, which are their interactions at school, with families, friends, and media focusing on agriculture. Moreover, for the participants, agriculture is a worthwhile endeavor. Agriculture can be a source of fulfillment, a stressful and risky field of specialization, and a means of contributing to national development. This research highlights that when given opportunities for agricultural engagement, the youths' experiences can establish positive meanings on agriculture. Thus, researchers can pursue further research on agricultural involvement. Moreover, there must be collaboration among relevant agencies to intensify efforts in encouraging the youth’s participation in agricultural activities.

Abstract This study aims to present the problems associated with the use of information from private internal investigation in a criminal process. The paper first presents the essence, functions, limits, and purposes of internal investigations, taking into account legal restrictions, including constitutional ones. Further in the paper, the authors critically analyze the possibility of using materials obtained and produced in internal investigations in criminal proceedings. A significant number of internal investigations are conducted by attorneys. Therefore, the paper also evaluates the permissibility of abolishing the attorney-client privilege and of the court or the law enforcement agencies obtaining the materials produced by an attorney in the course of an internal investigation or questioning of the lawyer. Having an attorney conduct an internal investigation improves the security of the information produced in the course of the internal investigation, as the materials are covered by the attorney-client privilege. However, one should bear in mind that in Poland this is not an absolute protection. The considerations led the authors to the conclusion that internal investigations are a valuable tool of the system for preventing irregularities in corporations and an important source of materials that can be used in criminal proceedings.

Resumo Este estudo visa a apresentar os problemas associados ao uso de informações de investigação interna privada em um processo criminal. O trabalho descreve inicialmente a essência, as funções, os limites e as finalidades das investigações internas, levando em consideração as restrições legais, inclusive constitucionais. Mais adiante, os autores analisam criticamente a possibilidade de utilização em processos criminais de materiais obtidos e produzidos em investigações internas. Um número significativo de investigações internas é conduzido por advogados. Portanto, o trabalho também discute a amplitude do privilégio advogado-cliente e do tribunal ou dos órgãos persecutórios obterem os materiais produzidos no curso de uma investigação interna ou interrogatório do advogado. Ter um advogado conduzindo uma investigação interna melhora a segurança das informações produzidas no decorrer da investigação interna, pois os materiais são cobertos pelo sigilo advogado-cliente. No entanto, deve-se ter em mente que na Polônia esta não é uma proteção absoluta. As considerações levaram os autores à conclusão de que as investigações internas são uma valiosa ferramenta do sistema de prevenção de irregularidades nas empresas e uma importante fonte de materiais que podem ser utilizados em processos criminais.