ABSTRACT Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can negatively affect coastal water quality, aquatic fauna, and human health from the consumption of toxin-contaminated seafood. Estuaries are especially prone to the incidence of these noxious events and sensitive to the associated damage. This study represents a comprehensive overview of previous investigations reporting the occurrence of harmful algae and/or phycotoxins in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (CEP), in Southern Brazil. Secondary data from 2002 to 2021 were combined with new results obtained from widely spaced sampling campaigns performed from 2018 to 2019 to assess the periods and estuarine sectors at greater risk for the incidence of HABs. In total, about 600 water/sediment samples containing harmful microalgae and 675 tissue samples of phycotoxin-contaminated fauna were analyzed. The most frequent and abundant species of potentially toxic microalgae were dinoflagellates belonging to the species complexes Dinophysis acuminata and Prorocentrum lima, producers of diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs), and diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia, producers of amnesic shellfish toxins (ASTs). Okadaic acid, a DST, was by far the most common toxin in the fauna, reaching higher levels in primary consumers such as bivalve mollusks (mussels, oysters, and clams), zooplankton, and suspension-feeding crustaceans (ghost shrimps), and moderate to low levels in cephalopods, fishes, gastropods, echinoderms, sea turtles, seabirds, and cetaceans. Less rainy periods (winter-early spring) were associated with the highest incidence of DSTs and blooms of their producing algae P. lima and Dinophysis spp., mainly in the middle region of Paranaguá Bay and on the shallow continental platform adjacent to the estuarine mouth. However, certain HAB-forming species may be more successful in inner estuarine areas ( Prorocentrum cordatum) and during different periods, such as late summer—early fall ( Pseudo-nitzschia spp.). Continuous monitoring of harmful algae and toxins is therefore highly recommended to mitigate the effects of HABs in the entire estuary. (HABs quality toxincontaminated contaminated seafood damage andor or CEP, CEP , (CEP) Brazil 200 202 201 total 60 watersediment sediment 67 phycotoxincontaminated phycotoxin analyzed DSTs, (DSTs) Pseudonitzschia, Pseudonitzschia Pseudo nitzschia, nitzschia ASTs. ASTs . (ASTs) acid DST mussels, mussels (mussels oysters clams, clams clams) zooplankton suspensionfeeding suspension feeding ghost shrimps, shrimps shrimps) cephalopods fishes gastropods echinoderms turtles seabirds cetaceans winterearly winter early spring P spp spp. mouth However HABforming HAB forming cordatum summerearly summer spp.. spp.) estuary (CEP 20 6 (DSTs (ASTs 2

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are two closely related protozoans that infect a wide range of animals, including birds. However, the occurrence of N. caninum and T. gondii in seabirds is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the presence of T. gondii and N. caninum DNA in tissue samples of seabirds. Tissue samples of the pectoral muscles, heart, and brain were collected from 47 birds along the coastline of Santa Catarina State, SC, Brazil. The DNA was extracted from the tissues and screened using nested-PCR (nPCR) targeting internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1). T. gondii DNA was detected in tissues from seven seabirds (7/47, 14.8%), kelp gull (Larus dominicanus) (5/21), and Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) (2/8). N. caninum DNA was detected in tissues of nine seabirds (9/47, 19.1%), the kelp gull (L. dominicanus) (4/21), Manx shearwater (P. puffinus) (2/8), neotropic cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) (1/4), brown booby (Sula leucogaster) (1/5), and white-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) (1/1); however, no co-infection was observed. In conclusion, this study showed the circulation of N. caninum and T. gondii in seabirds along the coastline of Santa Catarina State. Further studies are required to clarify the role of these birds in the epidemiology of neosporosis and toxoplasmosis. animals However N T unknown Therefore muscles heart 4 State SC Brazil nestedPCR nested PCR nPCR (nPCR ITS1. ITS1 ITS . (ITS1) 7/47, 747 7 (7/47 14.8%, 148 14.8% , 14 8 14.8%) Larus dominicanus 5/21, 521 5/21 5 21 (5/21) Puffinus puffinus 2/8. 28 2/8 2 (2/8) 9/47, 947 9 (9/47 19.1%, 191 19.1% 19 19.1%) L. L (L 4/21, 421 4/21 (4/21) P. P (P 2/8, Phalacrocorax brasilianus 1/4, 1/4 (1/4) Sula leucogaster 1/5, 15 1/5 (1/5) whitechinned white chinned Procellaria aequinoctialis 1/1 11 (1/1) however coinfection co infection observed conclusion toxoplasmosis (ITS1 7/47 74 (7/4 14.8 52 5/2 (5/21 2/ (2/8 9/47 94 (9/4 19.1 42 4/2 (4/21 1/ (1/4 (1/5 (1/1 (ITS 7/4 (7/ 14. 5/ (5/2 (2/ 9/4 (9/ 19. 4/ (4/2 (1/ 7/ (7 (5/ (2 9/ (9 (4/ (1 ( (5 (4

Resumo Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum são dois protozoários intimamente relacionados que infectam uma ampla gama de animais, incluindo-se aves. Entretanto, a ocorrência de N. caninum e T. gondii em aves marinhas é desconhecida. Portanto, este estudo objetivou determinar a presença de DNA de T. gondii e N. caninum em amostras de tecidos, coletadas de 47 aves marinhas. Amostras de tecidos dos músculos peitorais, coração e cérebro foram coletadas de 47 aves marinhas mortas ao longo da costa do estado de Santa Catarina, SC, Brasil. O DNA foi extraído dos tecidos e testado, usando-se a reação em cadeia da polimerase nested (nPCR), tendo em vista o espaçador interno transcrito 1 (ITS1). O DNA de T. gondii foi detectado em tecidos de sete aves marinhas (7/47, 14,8%), como gaivota (Larus dominicanus) (5/21) e bobo-pequeno (Puffinus puffinus) (2/8). O DNA de N. caninum foi detectado em tecidos de nove aves marinhas (9/47, 19,1%); gaivota (L. dominicanus) (4/21), bobo-pequeno (P. puffinus) (2/8), corvo-marinho (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) 1/4), atobá-pardo (Sula leucogaster) (1/5), e pardela-preta (Procellaria aequinoctialis) (1/1). No entanto, não foi observada coinfecção. Em conclusão, este estudo demonstrou a circulação de N. caninum e T. gondii em aves marinhas ao longo da costa de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Mais estudos são necessários para esclarecer o papel dessas aves na epidemiologia da neosporose e da toxoplasmose. animais incluindose incluindo se Entretanto N T desconhecida Portanto 4 peitorais Catarina SC Brasil testado usandose usando nPCR, nPCR , (nPCR) ITS1. ITS1 ITS . (ITS1) 7/47, 747 7 (7/47 14,8%, 148 14,8% 14 8 14,8%) Larus dominicanus 5/21 521 5 21 (5/21 bobopequeno bobo pequeno Puffinus puffinus 2/8. 28 2/8 2 (2/8) 9/47, 947 9 (9/47 19,1% 191 19 19,1%) L. L (L 4/21, 421 4/21 (4/21) P. P (P 2/8, corvomarinho corvo marinho Phalacrocorax brasilianus 1/4, 1/4 1/4) atobápardo atobá pardo Sula leucogaster 1/5, 15 1/5 (1/5) pardelapreta pardela preta Procellaria aequinoctialis 1/1. 11 1/1 (1/1) entanto coinfecção conclusão toxoplasmose (nPCR (ITS1 7/47 74 (7/4 14,8 5/2 52 (5/2 2/ (2/8 9/47 94 (9/4 19,1 42 4/2 (4/21 1/ (1/5 (1/1 (ITS 7/4 (7/ 14, 5/ (5/ (2/ 9/4 (9/ 19, 4/ (4/2 (1/ 7/ (7 (5 (2 9/ (9 (4/ (1 ( (4

Abstract We describe the seldom observed event of a group of type A killer whale (Orcinus orca) predating on an Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) in austral summer 2019. A pod of 11-13 individuals was observed – and documented by photographs and video – as they killed and fed on the minke whale in the Bransfield Strait, northern Antarctic Peninsula. The pod was being observed for about one hour, when some killer whale’s individuals were noticed to be performing hunting behaviour. This lasted about 10 minutes, at the end of which the minke whale was killed. Three different species of seabirds were observed feeding on the minke carcass. A video of the encounter is provided. Orcinus orca Balaenoptera bonaerensis 2019 1113 11 13 11-1 Strait Peninsula hour whales s behaviour 1 minutes carcass provided 201 111 11- 20 2

Abstract Fishermen-hunter-gatherers of sambaquis (Brazilian shell mounds) had an intimate affinity with marine-coastal environments, where they exploited a great variety of fish and mollusks that comprise the best documented fauna from sambaquis. However, other groups of animals as mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians are also present in these sites, but are relatively less studied. This paper is the first one focused exclusively on the Tetrapoda biodiversity of sambaquis and aimed to identify tetrapods of ten sites from southern Brazil. We present a faunal inventory and data regarding animal capture and environmental exploitation. We identified the specimens anatomically and taxonomically, analyzed them concerning fragmentation, and quantified the data for the number of identified specimens (NISP) and minimum number of individuals (MNI). Despite the high degree of fragmentation of remains, we identified 46 taxa. As expected, most were from marine animals: cetaceans (total NISP = 2,568 and MNI = 27), otariids (total NISP = 248 and MNI = 32), and seabirds (total NISP = 65 and MNI = 23), indicating great relevance of marine tetrapod fauna as a resource for sambaqui builders (79.39% of NISP). We thus document the close bond between fishermen-hunter-gatherers of sambaquis and the marine tetrapods in southern Brazil. Fishermenhuntergatherers Fishermen hunter gatherers Brazilian mounds marinecoastal coastal environments However mammals birds reptiles studied Brazil exploitation taxonomically (NISP MNI. . (MNI) remains 4 taxa expected total 2568 2 568 2,56 27, 27 , 27) 24 32, 32 32) 6 23, 23 23) 79.39% 7939 79 39 (79.39 NISP. NISP) fishermenhuntergatherers fishermen (MNI 256 56 2,5 3 79.39 793 7 (79.3 25 5 2, 79.3 (79. 79. (79 (7 (

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic led to a reduction in human mobility, known as “anthropause.” Few studies have compared birds’ community patterns between lockdown and “new normal” periods, especially in extremophile environments. This study presents the first baseline by monitoring coastal birds on 10 beaches along the largest hypersaline lagoon in South America. The birds were counted in September and October 2021 (during a lockdown period) and in October 2022 (after the lockdown – “new normal”) during the morning. The continuous route transect methodology was applied by the same observer in all beaches. The Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to investigate the response of community abundance to urbanization (raster-based variable) and time of COVID-19 pandemic (lockdown vs. new normal). Rarefaction curve and Permutational Analysis of Variance (PERMANOVA) were used to compare community richness and composition, respectively, between lockdown and new normal periods. Generalized Linear Models (GLM) with negative binomial distribution were applied to test the effect of the same predictors on the three more abundant species. The bird community structure and composition did not change when comparing lockdown and new normal periods, mainly due to dominance of synanthropic species. Among species-specific responses to lockdown, the Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis was more abundant during the lockdown on six of the nine beaches where it occurred. Oppositely, the Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus and the Neotropic Cormorant Nannopterum brasilianus were more abundant in new normal period, reinforcing that these species benefit from human subsidies. This may provide a unique opportunity for science-based sustainable ecotourism activities in urban areas with synanthropic species, capitalizing activities such as birdwatching, that would certainly contribute to environmental education actions. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 mobility anthropause. anthropause “anthropause. periods environments 1 America 202 period after morning ANCOVA (ANCOVA rasterbased raster based variable vs normal. . normal) PERMANOVA (PERMANOVA respectively GLM (GLM speciesspecific specific occurred Oppositely subsidies sciencebased science birdwatching actions COVID1 COVID- “anthropause 20 2

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Caribbean is the second most polluted sea by debris in the world. Urban waste from this region goes to open dumps and 85% of its wastewater is not treated, arriving a great proportion to the beaches. The Guanahacabibes National Park is Biosphere Reserve and the sea turtles that nest on its beaches are on the Red List of threatened species, also there are fish associated with the coral reef and seabirds in the area. Objective: To determine the risk of ecological impact of debris that end on the “El Holandés” beach of the Guanahacabibes National Park on animal biota. Materials and Methods: The collected debris was quantified and classified by type, possible origin and color. The risk of its ecological impact on animal biota was determined. Results and Discussion: The areas to the east of the camp are more contaminated with the presence of marine debris. White and blue plastic predominated (mainly lids and containers); the number of fragments whose function cannot be identified is large. There is a risk that the plastic material may be swallowed by sea turtles, birds and fish by being confused with food or hinder their normal behavior. The presence of sargassum in large quantities is a source of entry of marine debris. Conclusions: The importance of carrying out the systematic collection of marine debris is corroborated, since it is risky for the life of sea turtles, fish and birds. There is a base line for a longitudinal study.

RESUMEN Introducción: El Caribe es el segundo mar más contaminado por basura del mundo. Los residuos urbanos de esta región van a basureros a cielo abierto y el 85% de sus aguas residuales no son tratadas, arribando gran parte de estas a las playas. El Parque Nacional Guanahacabibes de Cuba es Reserva de la Biosfera y las tortugas marinas que anidan en sus playas están en la Lista Roja de especies amenazadas, existiendo peces asociados al arrecife coralino y aves marinas en el área. Objetivo: Determinar el riesgo de impacto ecológico de basura recalada en la playa “El Holandés” del Parque Nacional Guanahacabibes sobre la biota animal. Materiales y Métodos: La basura recolectada se cuantificó y clasificó por tipología, posible origen y color. Se determinó el riesgo de su impacto ecológico sobre la biota animal. Resultados y Discusión: Las áreas al este del campamento están más contaminadas. Predomina plástico blanco y azul (fundamentalmente tapas y envases); el número de fragmentos cuya función no fue identificada es grande. Existe riesgo de que el material plástico sea ingerido por tortugas marinas, aves y peces al ser confundidos con alimentos u obstaculice su comportamiento normal. La presencia de sargazo en grandes cantidades es una fuente de entrada de basura marina. Conclusiones: Se corrobora la importancia de realizar la recogida sistemática de basura marina, al ser riesgosa para la vida de tortugas marinas, peces y aves. Se cuenta con una línea base para un estudio longitudinal.

ABSTRACT The Markham’s Storm-Petrel (Hydrobates markhami) is considered "Near Threatened” worldwide, due to the high impact of light pollution and the destruction and degradation of its breeding habitat. So far, it is known that most of the breeding population is found in the colonies of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. However, some records of fledglings attracted to luminaries suggested the probable existence of breeding sites in southern Peru. Therefore, an expedition was carried out in the departments of Arequipa, Moquegua and Tacna. During seven days, 2000 linear km were traveled in search of suitable substrate for breeding. The methodol-ogy included visual and olfactory inspection of cavities, complemented with the use of borescopes and playback; additionally, the search for individuals in flight was carried out with the help of binoculars and thermal visor. Fifteen nests of Markham’s Storm-Petrel were found in Pampa Pie de Candela, in the department of Tacna, two of which contained chicks between 60-90 days old. It was estimated to be a relatively marginal, sparsely populated colony, with about 30 breeding pairs in total. The colony is threatened by the advance of agriculture in the desert. This finding reveals the potential of southern Peru for the species and encourages the search for new colonies.

RESUMEN La Golondrina de Mar Negra (Hydrobates markhami) es considerada "Casi Amenazada” a nivel mundial, debido al alto impacto de la contaminación lumínica y a la destrucción y degradación de su hábitat reproductivo. Hasta ahora, se conoce que la mayor parte de la población reproductiva se encuentra en las colonias del desierto de Atacama, en el norte de Chile. Sin embargo, algunos antecedentes de volantones atraídos a luminarias daban cuenta de la probable existencia de sitios de reproducción en el sur de Perú. Por ello, se realizó una expedición en los departamentos de Arequipa, Moquegua y Tacna. Durante siete días se recorrieron 2000 km lineales en busca de sustrato adecuado para la reproducción de golondrinas de mar. La metodología incluyó inspección visual y olfativa de cavidades, complementada con la utilización de boroscopios y playback; adicionalmente, se realizó la búsqueda de ejemplares en vuelo con ayuda de binoculares y visor termal. Se encontraron 15 nidos de golondrinas de mar negra en Pampa Pie de Candela, en el departamento de Tacna, dos de los cuales contenían en su interior pichones de entre 60-90 días de edad. Se estimó que el sitio descripto es un territorio reproductivo relativamente marginal, poco denso, con unas 30 parejas reproductoras en total. Este se encuentra amenazado por el avance de la agricultura en el desierto. Nuestro hallazgo revela el potencial del sur del Perú para la especie e insta a la búsqueda de nuevos sitios de reproducción.

ABSTRACT Coastal and urban development can have a negative impact on seabird populations, although in many cases birds take advantage of artificial structures that may provide them with more stable breeding con-ditions and/or with less predation pressure. This paper updates the distribution of seabird colonies on the central coast of the San Jorge Gulf, a region that has been modified for decades by human activities, and the status of populations breeding at the port of Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut. We identified 14 locations where between one and four species breed, including the Imperial Cormorant (Leucocarbo atriceps), Rock Shag (L. magellanicus), South American Tern (Sterna hirundinacea), Cayenne Tern (Thalasseus sandvicensis eurygnathus) and Royal Tern (T maximus). Except for the Royal Tern, these species reproduced in anthropic environments. Results showed changes in the locations and the sizes of colonies over the last 30 years. At the port of Comodoro Rivadavia the first four species bred in an abandoned shipyard, where nests were mostly built on artificial structures. The South American Tern colony (>9000 nests) at this site is the largest of those described for the Argentine Patagonian coast, and the Imperial Cormorant colony (>700 nests) is among the 10 largest of the 29 reported for the Chubut coast. This shows the value of the port of Comodoro Rivadavia for these seabirds. The results show the potential relevance of anthropic environments for the reproduction of seabirds and point to the need to consider alternative nesting sites, including those subjected to human activities, in any conservation strategy for their populations.

RESUMEN El desarrollo urbano e industrial puede tener un impacto negativo sobre las poblaciones de aves marinas, aunque muchas veces las aves pueden aprovechar estructuras artificiales que podrían proporcionarles condiciones más estables para la reproducción y/o con una menor presión de depredación. Este trabajo actualiza la distribución de colonias de aves marinas en la costa central del Golfo San Jorge, un sector modificado desde hace décadas por actividades humanas, y el estado de las poblaciones reproductivas en el puerto de Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut. Se identificaron 14 localidades donde reprodujeron entre 1 y 4 especies, incluyendo los cormoranes Imperiales (Leucocarbo atriceps) y Cuello Negro (L. magellanicus) y los gaviotines Sudamericano (Sterna hirundinacea), Pico Amarillo (Thalasseus sandvicensis eurygnathus) y Real (T maximus). A excepción del Gaviotín Real, estas especies reprodujeron en ambientes antrópicos. Los resultados permitieron evidenciar cambios en la ubicación y tamaño de las colonias en los últimos 30 años. En el puerto de Comodoro Rivadavia, en un astillero abandonado, se reprodujeron las primeras cuatro especies, las cuales construyeron sus nidos mayormente sobre estructuras artificiales. La colonia de Gaviotín Sudamericano (> 9000 nidos) en este sitio es la más grande de las descriptas para el litoral Patagónico argentino, y la colonia de Cormorán Imperial (> 700 nidos) está entre las 10 más grandes de las 29 reportadas en el litoral chubutense. Esto muestra el valor del puerto de Comodoro Rivadavia para estas aves marinas. Los resultados muestran la potencial relevancia de los ambientes antrópicos para la reproducción de aves marinas y señalan la necesidad de considerar los sitios de nidificación alternativos, incluso aquellos sometidos a actividades humanas, en cualquier estrategia de conservación de sus poblaciones.

ABSTRACT Background. Bird studies in the Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano National Park (PNSAV) have reported previously that 48 % of the birds are winter migrants and 52 % are residents. However, the structure of the bird communities of its islands has yet to be previously analyzed. Objectives. To analyze the bird communities’ structure of Sacrificios, Verde, Salmedina, Polo, de Enmedio, and Santiaguillo islands. Methods. From April 2021 to April 2022, six bird censuses were conducted on each island. With the data obtained, species richness, abundance, and alpha diversity using the Shannon, Margalef, and Simpson indices, were determined. Additionally, birds were classified into marine, aquatic or coastal, hawks, and terrestrial, and the number of species and the sum of maxima of these groups were calculated for each island. Finally, with all the information, the conformation of each island’s bird communities and their diversity variations throughout the study year were analyzed. Results. De Enmedio Island had the highest diversity values (April and October 2021). October had the highest diversity values for Sacrificios, Verde, and Santiaguillo islands. Salmedina and Polo showed the highest diversity in July 2021 and January 2022; only marine and coastal birds were observed on these two islands; in the other islands, terrestrial species predominated. On Polo Island, marine birds were highly abundant despite the island’s small size. Conclusions. There appears to be great anthropogenic pressure on seabirds’ resting and breeding habitats. There needs to be more information about the islands, and generating it is relevant for the integrated management of the PNSAV.

RESUMEN Antecedentes. Estudios previos en el Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (PNSAV) han reportado que 48 % de las aves son migratorias de invierno y 52 % son residentes. Sin embargo, no se ha analizado previamente la estructura de las comunidades de aves de sus islas. Objetivos. Analizar la estructura de las comunidades de aves de las islas Sacrificios, Verde, Salmedina, Polo, de Enmedio y Santiaguillo. Métodos. Se realizaron seis censos de aves en cada isla de abril de 2021 a abril de 2022. Con los datos obtenidos se determinó la riqueza específica, la abundancia y la diversidad alfa mediante los índices de Shannon, Margalef y Simpson. Adicionalmente, luego de clasificar a las aves en marinas, acuáticas o costeras, rapaces y terrestres, se calculó el número de especies y la suma de máximos de estos grupos para cada isla. Con toda la información se analizó la conformación de las comunidades de aves para cada isla y sus variaciones en cuanto a la diversidad a lo largo del año de estudio. Resultados. La isla de Enmedio presentó los mayores valores de diversidad (abril y octubre 2021). Octubre 2021 fue el mes de mayor diversidad para Sacrificios, Verde y Santiaguillo. Salmedina y Polo presentaron mayor diversidad en julio 2021 y en enero 2022, en estas dos islas solo se observaron aves marinas y costeras, en las demás islas predominaron especies terrestres. En Polo, las aves marinas presentaron una elevada abundancia a pesar del reducido tamaño de la isla. Conclusiones. Parece existir una gran presión antrópica sobre los hábitats de reposo y reproducción de las aves marinas. Existe poca información de las islas, generarla es relevante para un manejo integral del PNSAV.

ABSTRACT. Anthropogenic activities and the demand for trace elements have risen, causing an increase in their environmental levels, which could affect biota. High levels of trace elements in living beings have been associated with toxicity, metabolic disorders, oxidative stress, and cancer. Seabirds, such as gulls, have been used as bioindicators of environmental pollution caused by anthropogenic sources. Gulls are widely distributed worldwide, usually occupying high trophic levels, and living close to humans. Among gulls, Larus spp. are omnivorous, predominantly carnivorous, nest on the ground, and capture live food or steal it opportunistically. The present work summarizes the data of trace elements found in eggs, feathers, blood, and feces, among other internal tissues, of several gull species of the genus Larus around the world. Most of the reports are from the Northern Hemisphere (70%), particularly from Europe and North America. The elements Cd, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Se are the most studied (54%), among which Hg represents about 19%. On the other hand, there is no information for lesser-known trace elements such as Rb, Ti, new technology elements (e.g. Ge, Re, Ta), rare earth elements (e.g. Ce, La, Y), or elements of the platinum group (e.g. Os, Ir, Ru). Even though Larus spp. is a suitable bioindicator of chemical contamination in marine ecosystems, only 28 of the 53 species of the Larus genus have been used on trace elements pollution. Future research should address lesser-known elements which are increasingly used by new technologies.

Abstract The Santos Basin in eastern Brazil is adjacent to the largest human populations in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with several potential threats to marine vertebrates. In this study, we provided a systematic bibliographic review and integrated unpublished primary datasets to provide an overview on species, research topics and gaps, and threats to seabirds in the Santos Basin. Bibliographical sources were used for species recorded within the limits of the basin, while species census data were obtained through research and monitoring projects. We analyzed 156 studies from 1914 to 2021. An increase in the number of publications was observed from the 2000s onward (> 80%), with the state of Santa Catarina showing the highest number of publications (56%) on seabirds. Notes and Records (27%), Population and Community Structure (22%), and Fishing (11%) were the main subjects studied. Among the 76 seabird species reported in the Santos Basin (~2/3 of the species reported in Brazil), Procellariiformes was the most prevalent order (51%), including 14 species listed as threatened, either globally or nationally. Resident (28%) and long-distance migratory species, such as visitors from the Southern (39%) and Northern (17%) Hemispheres and Europe (12%), were widely recorded in the region, as well as vagrant species. The inclusion of different data sources allowed broadening the geographic cover used by species to consider both coastal (predominating in previous studies) and offshore areas. The association of seabird distribution with oceanographic and meteorological features should be addressed in future studies, as should studies on the impact of fishing and pollution on a range of common species. Ocean vertebrates study gaps basin projects 15 191 2021 s > ( 80%, 80 80% , 80%) 56% 56 (56% 27%, 27 27% (27%) 22%, 22 22% (22%) 11% 11 (11% studied 7 ~2/3 23 2 3 (~2/ Brazil, Brazil) 51%, 51 51% (51%) 1 threatened nationally 28% 28 (28% longdistance long distance 39% 39 (39% 17% 17 (17% 12%, 12 12% (12%) region predominating areas 19 202 8 5 (56 (27% (22% (11 ~2/ (~2 (51% (28 (39 (17 (12% 20 (5 (27 (22 (1 ~2 (~ (51 (2 (3 (12 ~

ABSTRACT. Rare earth elements (REE) and some transition metals (e.g. Nb) are a group of chemicals that have recently been widely used in industrial processes due to the increasing demand for new technologies. As a result, these chemicals are increasingly being released into the environment, which could mean that these pollutants could modify marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Seabirds, such as penguins, can biotransport pollutants and nutrients from the sea to land through excreta. However, there is no information about the role of the Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) in bio-transporting emerging contaminants such as REE. This study aimed to assess any possible contribution of Humboldt penguins to the geochemical composition of some terrestrial areas. Excreta samples were collected from Chañaral Island, one of the most important sites in Chile for the conservation of Humboldt penguins. The results showed that this species tends to contribute to soil enrichment with REE (Ce, La, Nd, and Pr) and Nb through excreta, as well as with carbon. More studies are needed to see the potential impacts on the soil.

Abstract The behavior and feeding habits of different species of seabirds can influence the enrichment of trace metals in Antarctic soils. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different species of seabirds on the concentrations of potentially toxic metals in Antarctic soils. For this, we collected soil samples in areas influenced by penguins, kelp gulls, and giant petrels. We analyzed the concentration of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P) and metals by three different methods of extraction: USEPA 3051A, Mehlich-1, and distilled water. The concentrations of Cr and Hg presented positive correlations with P, TOC, and TN by the USEPA 3051A method, indicating the biotransport of these metals by seabirds. Soils influenced by penguins showed higher levels of P, TOC, TN, Cr, and Hg. Comparing the results from the different extractors, we found that Hg had the highest relative levels in the exchangeable fraction and the soil solution. Therefore, the soils with the influence of penguins present higher levels of biotransported trace metals, but this does not necessarily mean that these birds have a higher biotransport potential, since the concentration of trace metals in these soils may be related to their degree of ornithogenesis.

Resumo Um relato de caso sobre o envenenamento de seis indivíduos de atobás-marrons (Sula leucogaster) após a ingestão de espécimes de mangagá-liso (Porichthys porosissimus) no Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil, é discutido neste estudo. Diversas alterações patológicas macro e microscópicas foram observadas nos espécimes de atobá-marrom examinados, e um envenenamento rápido (<24 h) é sugerido devido ao estágio de digestão dos peixes encontrados em seus tubos digestórios. Este é o primeiro registro que menciona a morte de indivíduos juvenis e adultos de atobás marrons por envenenamento devido a ingestão do magangá-liso P. porosissimus. Novos estudos avaliando o papel dos peixes descartados como uma força motriz dos efeitos negativos sobre as aves marinhas como, por exemplo, envenenamentos, ao longo da costa sudeste do Brasil são recomendados.

Abstract A case report of six brown booby (Sula leucogaster) envenomation following the ingestion of toadfish (Porichthys porosissimus) specimens in Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil is discussed herein. Several macro- and microscopic pathological alterations were observed in the examined brown booby specimens, and rapid envenomation (<24 h) is suggested due to the digestion stage of the fish found in their gastrointestinal tracts. This is the first report to mention the death of adult and juvenile brown boobies due to envenomation by the toadfish P. porosissimus. Further studies assessing the role of discarded fish as a driving force of negative effects on seabirds, such as envenomations, for example, along the southeastern coast of Brazil are recommended.

RESUMEN La variación de las condiciones fisicoquímicas del mar puede influir en la distribución y la abundancia de las aves marinas al afectar la estructura trófica del ambiente pelágico. Por ello se pretendió evaluar la asociación entre la abundancia de tres estados de desarrollo (pollos, juveniles y adultos) del Piquero Café (Sula leucogaster etesiaca) y la variación de la temperatura superficial del mar (TSM) y su anomalía térmica (ANOM) en isla Gorgona, Pacífico colombiano. Estas tendencias fueron evaluadas por medio de correlaciones cruzadas y modelos lineales generalizados. En cada estado de desarrollo la abundancia presentó una tendencia diferente ante la variación de la TSM o ANOM. Se sugiere que dichas tendencias se deben a que el incremento de la temperatura del mar podría estar asociado con una menor abundancia y disponibilidad de recursos presa. Bajo estas condiciones, los adultos tienden a disminuir el esfuerzo invertido en el cuidado parental e, incluso, reducen el suministro de alimento a juveniles dependientes y pollos para aumentar su propia supervivencia. Es posible que estas tendencias hayan estado asociadas con un régimen reproductivo que les permita a los volantones alcanzar la independencia de los padres durante el periodo con mayor disponibilidad de alimento.

ABSTRACT Variation in the physicochemical conditions of the sea can influence the distribution and abundance of seabirds by affecting the trophic structure of the pelagic environment. For this reason, we aimed to evaluate the association between the abundance of three developmental stages (chicks, juveniles, and adults) of the Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster etesiaca) and the sea surface temperature (SST) and its thermal anomaly (ANOM) in Gorgona Island, Colombian Pacific. These trends were assessed by performing cross-correlations and generalized linear models. Each developmental stage showed a different abundance tendence linked to SST and ANOM variation. It is suggested that these trends are due to the fact that increased sea temperature may be associated with reduced abundance and availability of prey resources. Under these conditions, adults tend to decreased the effort invested in parental care and even reduce the food supply to dependent juveniles and chicks to increase their own survival. These trends may have been associated with a breeding regime that allows fledglings to achieve independence from parents during the period of greatest availability of prey.