Resumo: Introdução: A morte faz parte dos tabus sociais existentes e pode fomentar atitudes que se distanciam de sua abordagem explícita em relação aos cuidados. Objetivo: analisar as atitudes diante da morte em profissionais de enfermagem de acordo com as publicações científicas no contexto latino-americano no período de 2018 a 2022. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura integrativa de publicações científicas latino-americanas sobre atitudes diante da morte no contexto da enfermagem, utilizando os seguintes termos padronizados: atitude, morte, enfermagem e cuidados de enfermagem. Foram incluídos 8 artigos publicados no período definido, em espanhol e português, nos quais o tema da revisão foi abordado explicitamente. As informações dos artigos foram analisadas tendo como referência os conceitos da teoria das transições. Resultados: Foram identificados desenhos quantitativos (50 %) e qualitativos (50 %), elaborados totalmente no âmbito hospitalar. Os principais resultados mostram a predominância da indiferença diante da morte no contexto do cuidado. Em relação à teoria das transições, a maioria dos artigos aborda as condições em que as transições ocorrem, além dos conceitos de terapêutica de enfermagem e padrões de resposta. Conclusões: A produção de pesquisas sobre atitudes diante da morte em profissionais de enfermagem é escassa na América Latina. As experiências de perdas próximas, a capacitação e o apoio institucional são a base para contribuir para uma melhor atitude em relação à morte

Abstract: Introduction: Death is part of the existing social taboos and can foster attitudes that are far from its explicit approach in relation to care. Objective: To analyze attitudes towards death in nursing professionals according to scientific publications in the Latin American context in the period 2018 to 2022. Methodology: An integrative literature review was conducted of Latin American scientific publications regarding attitudes towards death in the context of Nursing, using the following standardized terms: attitude, death, nursing and nursing care. Eight articles published in the defined period were included, in Spanish and Portuguese, in which the subject of the review was explicitly addressed. The information in the articles was analyzed using the concepts of the theory of transitions as a reference. Results: Both quantitative (50 %) and qualitative (50 %) designs were found, all of them elaborated in the hospital setting. The main results show the predominance of indifference to death in the context of care. In relation to the theory of transitions, most of the articles address the conditions under which these occur, in addition to the concepts of nursing therapeutics and response patterns. Conclusions: The production of research on the attitude towards death in nursing professionals is scarce in Latin America. Experiences of close losses, training and institutional support are the basis for contributing to a better attitude towards death

Resumen: Introducción: La muerte es parte de los tabúes sociales existentes y puede fomentar actitudes que distan de su abordaje explícito en relación con los cuidados. Objetivo: Analizar las actitudes ante la muerte en profesionales de enfermería de acuerdo con las publicaciones científicas en el contexto latinoamericano en el período 2018 a 2022. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de literatura integrativa de las publicaciones científicas latinoamericanas respecto de las actitudes ante la muerte en el contexto de la enfermería, empleando los siguientes términos estandarizados: actitud, muerte, enfermería y cuidados de enfermería. Se incluyeron 8 artículos publicados en el período definido, en idioma español y portugués, en los que se abordó explícitamente la temática de la revisión. La información de los artículos fue analizada tomando como referencia los conceptos de la teoría de las transiciones. Resultados: Se encontraron diseños tanto cuantitativos (50 %) como cualitativos (50 %), elaborados en su totalidad en el ámbito hospitalario. Los principales resultados dan cuenta del predominio de la indiferencia ante la muerte en el contexto de los cuidados. En relación con la teoría de las transiciones, la mayoría de los artículos abordan las condiciones en que estas se dan, además de los conceptos de terapéutica de enfermería y patrones de respuesta. Conclusiones: La producción de investigaciones sobre la actitud ante la muerte en profesionales de enfermería es escasa en Latinoamérica. Las experiencias de pérdidas cercanas, la capacitación y el soporte institucional son la base para contribuir a una mejor actitud hacia la muerte

Resumen La etnoeducación permite avanzar hacia la interculturalidad, reconociendo las diversidades de culturas con que cuenta el estado colombiano; sin embargo, no se evidencia una ruta formativa clara como proyecto social que reivindique el saber de las comunidades y que permita fortalecer los procesos de identidad cultural necesarios para la pervivencia de los Pueblos Originarios. El objetivo del trabajo es responder si la etnoeducación aporta a la promoción del desarrollo sustentable desde el acto pedagógico de los Pueblos Originarios. Para lograrlo se hizo una revisión literaria de las publicaciones más citadas de los años 2017 a 2021 en las bases de datos Scopus, Web Of Science y Dimensions, seleccionadas por el idioma inglés, español y las palabras clave indexadas en el diccionario Tesauros de la UNESCO. En el análisis de la producción científica se utilizaron las herramientas Cienciométricas RStudio-Cloud, Bibliometrix y el método de Tree of Science (ToS). Asimismo, se manipuló los softwares VOSviewer y Gephi para identificar las subáreas de investigación y generar la red de conocimiento. El trabajo permitió marcar la evolución de la producción científica anual con 1.124 documento científicos, el mapa temático con tópicos emergentes relacionados a pedagogía, docencia, cultura, conocimientos ancestrales y la red de conocimiento forjada por los autores más importantes para este trabajo. Como conclusión principal se identificó que los procesos educativos deben surgir desde las comunidades étnicas, los cuales buscan transmitir las prácticas ancestrales, impulsar la sustentabilidad, educar al ser sin adaptarlo a doctrinas y modelos educativos desarrollistas.

Abstract Ethno-education allows advancing towards interculturality, recognizing the diversity of cultures in Colombia; however, there is no evidence of a clear formative route as a social project that vindicates the knowledge of the communities and allows strengthening the processes of cultural identity necessary for the survival of the Indigenous Peoples. The objective of this work is to answer whether ethno-education contributes to the promotion of sustainable development from the pedagogical act of the Indigenous Peoples. For this, a literature review was carried out from the most cited publications from the years 2017 to 2021 in the Scopus, Web of Science and Dimensions databases, selected by the English language, Spanish and the keywords indexed in the UNESCO Thesauri dictionary. In the analysis of scientific production, the scientometric tools RStudio-Cloud, Bibliometrix and the Tree of Science (ToS) method were used. The VOSviewer and Gephi software were also used to identify the research subareas and generate the knowledge network. The work allowed marking the evolution of the annual scientific production with 1,127 scientific documents, the thematic map with emerging topics related to pedagogy, teaching, culture, ancestral knowledge, and the knowledge network forged by the most important authors for this work. As a main conclusion, it was identified that the educational processes should arise from the heart of the ethnic communities, which seek to transmit ancestral practices, promote sustainability, educate the being without adapting it to developmentalist doctrines and educational models.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives: The use of this equipment is increasingly common in various professional sectors and for longer periods, whether within a work shift or throughout life. Thus, their interaction with workers' health becomes increasingly relevant, resulting in the need to research what has been described on this topic. This review aims to summarize the most relevant information published, so that professionals in the Health and Safety teams have more tools to guide the matter and so that the workers themselves better understand what could be at stake and are more receptive to protective measures that may be proposed. Methodology: This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through research carried out in april of 2023, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content: Acoustic shock can be secondary to an intense and unexpected noise and its prevalence can vary between 13 and 22%; however, it is a complex and controversial concept. It is eventually characterized by otalgia, tinnitus, vertigo, a burning sensation near the ear and anxiety. Acoustic shocks can cause cochlear trauma. The use of Headsets does not seem to cause more fatigue than noise from other sources, as long as it is of the same intensity. Most Call Centers operators work in an open space, with colleagues, which increases exposure to noise. The higher this is, the higher the eqquipment is placed. Susceptibility to hearing loss presents individual variability and interaction with some comorbidities (such as smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes and dyslipidemia); as well as gender and age. Most of these operators listen well; even if they report difficulty in perceiving words with ambient noise and tinnitus. Discussion and Conclusions: Although it is quite common for Call Centers workers to mention, during Occupational Medicine consultations, complaints that they associate with overall noise (especially that produced by Headsets); in reality, the bibliography on the topic is scarce and not very robust. Even so, it describes some very brief instructions to try to minimize the damage and enhance the well-being, satisfaction and productivity of professionals who use this type of equipment. It would be interesting to investigate the subject a little better, better understand the national panorama and publicize this in scientific publications.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos: O uso deste equipamento é cada vez mais frequente em diversos setores profissionais e por períodos mais prolongados, quer dentro de um turno de trabalho, quer ao longo da vida. Assim, a interação destes com a saúde dos trabalhadores fica cada vez mais relevante, surgindo a necessidade de pesquisar o que se tem descrito sobre este tema. Esta revisão pretende resumir o que de mais pertinente se publicou, de forma que os profissionais das equipas de Saúde e Segurança tenham mais ferramentas para orientar o assunto e para que os próprios trabalhadores percebam melhor o que poderá estar em causa e estejam mais recetivos a medidas de proteção eventualmente propostas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo: O choque acústico pode ser secundário a um ruido intenso e inesperado e a sua prevalência pode variar entre 13 a 22%; contudo, trata-se de um conceito complexo e controverso. Carateriza-se eventualmente por otalgia, zumbido, vertigem, sensação de queimadura próxima ao ouvido e ansiedade. Os choques acústicos podem causar trauma coclear. O uso de Headsets não parece causar mais fadiga que ruido com outras origens, desde que com a mesma intensidade. A maioria dos operadores de Call Center trabalha em espaço aberto, com colegas, o que potencia a exposição ao ruído. Quanto mais elevado este for, mais alto é colocado o som do equipamento, para conseguir ouvir a chamada. A suscetibilidade à perda de audição apresenta variabilidade individual e interação com algumas comorbidades (como tabagismo, hipertensão arterial, diabetes e dislipidemia); bem como sexo e idade. A maioria dos operadores de Call Center ouve bem; apesar de mencionarem dificuldade em perceber as palavras com o ruído ambiente e zumbido. Discussão e Conclusões: Ainda que seja bastante frequente estes trabalhadores referirem, durante as consultas de Medicina do Trabalho, queixas que associam ao ruido global (com destaque pelo produzido pelos Headsets); na realidade, a bibliografia sobre o tema é escassa e pouco robusta. Ainda assim, nela estão descritas algumas indicações muito sumárias para tentar minorar os danos e potenciar o bem-estar, satisfação e produtividade dos profissionais que usam este tipo de equipamento. Seria interessante investigar um pouco melhor o assunto, perceber melhor o panorama nacional e divulgar tal em publicações científicas.

Abstract In recent years, drug repurposing (DR) has gained significant attention as a promising strategy for iden tifying new therapeutic uses of existing drugs. One po tential candidate for DR in cancer treatment is sodium dichloroacetate (DCA), which has been shown to alter tumor metabolism and decrease apoptosis resistance in cancer cells. In this paper, we present a scoping review of the use of DCA for cancer treatment in adult patients, aiming to identify key research gaps in this area. This scoping review aims to explore the existing scientific literature to provide an overview of the use of DCA (any dose, frequency, or route of administration) in adults with cancer. A comprehensive literature search of the medical databases MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, EPISTEMONI KOS, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials was performed. We included publications reporting on adult patients diagnosed with any type of cancer treated with sodium dichloroacetate in combination or not with other drugs. All types of study design were included. A total of 12 articles were included, most of them were case reports. We found a high degree of heteroge neity between them. The most frequent adverse events in the evaluated studies were asthenia, reversible toxic ity, and an increase in liver enzymes. Effectiveness was difficult to evaluate. We conclude that there is insufficient evidence to affirm that treatment with DCA in cancer patients is effective or is safe.

Resumen El reposicionamiento de fármacos (RF) es un enfo que terapéutico reciente que se presenta como una estrategia prometedora para identificar nuevos usos terapéuticos de fármacos existentes. Un candidato potencial para RF en el tratamiento del cáncer es el dicloroacetato de sodio (DCA), el cual ha mostrado la capacidad de alterar el metabolismo tumoral y dismi nuir la resistencia a la apoptosis de células tumorales. La presente es una revisión (scoping review) del uso del DCA para el tratamiento del cáncer en pacientes adultos, que tiene como objetivo identificar brechas de investigación claves en esta área. Esta revisión pretende explorar la literatura científica existente, para propor cionar una visión general del uso del DCA (cualquier dosis, frecuencia o vía de administración) en individuos adultos con cáncer. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda exhaustiva de la lite ratura en las bases médicas de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, EPISTEMONIKOS, the Cochrane Library y Clini calTrials. Se incluyeron publicaciones que informaban sobre pacientes adultos diagnosticados con cualquier tipo de cáncer, tratados con DCA, en combinación o no con otros fármacos. Dichos estudios presentaban distintos tipos de diseño. Se incluyó un total de 12 artículos, la mayoría de los cuales fueron reportes de casos. Se encontró un alto grado de heterogeneidad entre los mismos. Los even tos adversos más frecuentes fueron astenia, toxicidad reversible y aumento de las enzimas hepáticas, siendo la efectividad terapéutica difícil de evaluar. Concluimos que existe evidencia insuficiente para afirmar que el tratamiento con DCA en pacientes con cáncer es efectivo y/o seguro.

Abstract: Aiming to stimulate academic dialogue, this article presents an exploratory analysis of the ethnography of the state in Chile. It offers an overview of the evolution and characteristics of this field through the study of research projects, academic forums and recent scientific publications where its authors approach the state ethnographically. The article argues that, following regional trends, ethnography of the state in Chile is characterized as a heterogeneous and diverse field, echoing the analytical challenge of approaching the concept of the state. It highlights the diffuse limits that defy a precise delimitation of ethnography of the state as a field, indicating a dynamic area of study in constant construction, open to new questions and debates and capable of permeating the boundaries of the different disciplines of the social sciences.

Resumen: Con el objetivo de estimular el diálogo académico, este artículo presenta un análisis exploratorio de la etnografía del estado en Chile. Se ofrece un panorama de la evolución y las características de este campo mediante el estudio de proyectos de investigación, foros académicos y publicaciones científicas recientes donde sus autores se aproximan etnográficamente al estado. El artículo plantea que, siguiendo las tendencias regionales, la etnografía del estado en Chile se caracteriza por ser un campo heterogéneo y diverso, haciendo eco del desafío analítico de abordar el concepto de estado. Se destacan los límites difusos que desafían una delimitación precisa de la etnografía del estado como campo, lo que indica un área de estudio dinámica y en constante construcción, abierta a nuevas preguntas y debates y con la capacidad de permear las fronteras de las distintas disciplinas de las ciencias sociales.

RESUMO Objetivou-se analisar a Frente pela Vida (FpV), um ator da sociedade civil organizado no campo da saúde, que buscou incidir politicamente diante da crise sanitária da pandemia da covid-19 no contexto do governo Bolsonaro. As informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão documental de publicações da FpV, bem como pela observação participante de reuniões, manifestações, lives e eventos nos quais participou ou organizou, além de entrevistas com participantes do seu grupo operativo. A análise considerou as categorias origem, trajetória, atores, gestão, relação entre a FpV e movimento sanitário, sustentabilidade, desafios e perspectivas da FpV. Os resultados evidenciam que a FpV capitaneou uma grande rede de políticas formada por sujeitos individuais e coletivos, entidades científicas e organizações representativas de diversos segmentos da sociedade civil, conformando uma atualização do movimento sanitário com ampliação de sua base de sustentação social. Sua trajetória contemplou, principalmente, a ação técnico-científica e política em múltiplas arenas, tendo nos Poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário, e na sociedade civil, espaços privilegiados de inserção. Conclui-se que a FpV se revelou importante ator social na conjuntura recente, tensionando o Estado na defesa da vida, do direito universal à saúde e da expansão e fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde. Objetivouse Objetivou , (FpV) covid19 covid 19 covid-1 Bolsonaro reuniões manifestações organizou operativo origem atores gestão sustentabilidade coletivos contemplou principalmente técnicocientífica técnico científica arenas Executivo Judiciário inserção Concluise Conclui recente vida Saúde (FpV covid1 1 covid-

ABSTRACT This paper examined the Front for Life (Frente pela Vida, FpV), a movement of organised civil society in the health field, which sought to achieve political impact in response to the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of the Bolsonaro administration. Information was obtained through a document review of FpV publications, participant observation in meetings, demonstrations, livestreams and events in which the front participated or organised, as well as interviews of participants in its operating group. The analytical categories used were origin, trajectory, movements, management, the relationship between the FpV and the health sector reform movement, sustainability, challenges and the FpV’s prospects. The results showed that the FpV has led a large policy network of individual and collective subjects, scientific entities and organisations representing various segments of civil society to update the health sector movement and expand its social support base. Its trajectory has involved mainly technical, scientific and political action in multiple areas, working with the Executive, Judiciary and Legislative branches of government, as well as civil society. In conclusion, the FpV has proved to be an important social movement pressing the State to defend life and the universal right to health and to expand and strengthen Brazil’s Unified Health System, the SUS. Frente Vida FpV, , FpV) field COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 administration publications meetings demonstrations group origin movements management sustainability FpVs s prospects subjects base technical areas Executive government conclusion Brazils Brazil System SUS COVID1 1 COVID-

Abstract This article presents a systematic literature review on the reuse of electric vehicle batteries (EVB) for second-life applications in power systems. The end-oflife of these batteries represents a major environmental problem due to their composition and materials. The study aims to analyze the reuse of EVBs as a sustainable alternative for the environment. Additionally, it seeks to provide complementary services to facilitate the incorporation of intermittent unconventional renewable generation into the electrical grid. Through an exhaustive search of scientific publications indexed in prestigious digital catalogs and their subsequent systematic treatment, a selected group of 49 scientific articles published between 2018 and 2023 have been found in which the different opportunities, benefits and limitations of second-life energy storage systems oriented to boost a circular economy have been identified. The study concludes that, although the reuse of batteries has not yet been fully addressed or implemented due to existing challenges in terms of technology, costs, and regulations, it is of utmost importance to delve deeper into its analysis to improve efficiency and reduce the environmental impacts associated with the manufacturing, use, and disposal of such batteries.

Resumen Este artículo presenta una revisión sistemática de literatura relativa al tópico reutilización de baterías de vehículos eléctricos (BVE) para aplicaciones de segunda vida en sistemas eléctricos de potencia. El fin del ciclo de vida de estas baterías representa un gran problema ambiental debido a su composición y materiales. El estudio tiene por objeto analizar la reutilización de las BVE como una alternativa sostenible para el medioambiente y, además, para brindar servicios complementarios que faciliten la incorporación de generación renovable no convencional de carácter intermitente a la red eléctrica. A través de una búsqueda exhaustiva de publicaciones científicas indexadas en catálogos digitales prestigiosos y de su posterior tratamiento sistemático, se ha llegado a un número selecto de 49 artículos científicos publicados entre 2018 y 2023. En ellos ha sido posible identificar las diferentes oportunidades, beneficios y limitaciones de los sistemas de almacenamiento de energía de segunda vida orientadas a impulsar una economía circular. El estudio concluye que, si bien la reutilización de baterías no está plenamente tratada ni implementada, debido a que aún enfrenta desafíos en términos de tecnología, costos y regulaciones, es de gran importancia profundizar su análisis para mejorar la eficiencia y disminuir los impactos ambientales que provocan su fabricación, uso y desecho.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir los factores que influyen en la producción académica de los docentes de una universidad nacional de Huánuco, Perú en el año 2019. Investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva y no experimental; se administró un cuestionario (α = 0.98349) a una muestra de 18 docentes de sociología y comunicación social. Se evidenció en los resultados que el 88.99% de los docentes se sienten motivados de realizar publicaciones científicas; el 77.88% establece relaciones con otros compañeros; tan solo el 55.56% afirmó pertenecer a un grupo de investigación, y el 83.33% afirmó haber realizado al menos una publicación científica. Se concluye que los factores que influyen en la producción académica de los docentes fueron la motivación personal y las relaciones con otros docentes; mientras que pertenecer a un grupo de investigación no influyó en la producción académica de los docentes de la universidad en cuestión.

Abstract The objective of this research was to describe the factors that influence the academic production of teachers at a national university in Huánuco, Peru in 2019. Quantitative, descriptive and non-experimental research; a questionnaire (α = 0.98349) was administered to a sample of 18 sociology and social communication teachers. It was evidenced in the results that 88.99% of the teachers feel motivated to make scientific publications; 77.88% establish relationships with other colleagues; only 55.56% claimed to belong to an investigation group, and 83.33% claimed to have made at least one scientific publication. It is concluded that the factors that influence the academic production of the teachers were personal motivation and relationships with other teachers, while belonging to a research group did not influence the academic production of the teachers at the university in question.

RESUMEN El propósito del trabajo fue revisar la literatura latinoamericana sobre Pedagogía y Didáctica de las ciencias contables. La metodología consistió en La búsqueda de los trabajos se realizó electrónicamente, con la utilización de las bases de datos de aplicaciones Google Académico, Redalyc, Latindex, Dialnet y Tesis en Red. Los criterios de puntuación incluyeron la pertinencia, la calidad metodológica de la propuesta de investigación, la experiencia y la posición de los autores/poseedores, la originalidad, así como la relevancia y el rigor científico. Como resultados se seleccionaron un total de 30 trabajos. Hay un predominio de publicaciones en la categoría Didáctica, con poca contribución en Pedagogía. Se constató que los artículos abordan aspectos teóricos (de interés nacional e internacional) relacionados con el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, mediante el cuestionamiento de los conceptos de educación, relación profesor/alumno, ambiente, empatía y motivación entre otros. En conclusión, las futuras investigaciones pueden contribuir a mejorar la pedagogía y la didáctica en ciencias contables con proyectos orientados a la multiculturalidad en las asignaturas relacionadas con la empresa a nivel universitario, con el desarrollo de recursos tecnológicos capaces de ser utilizados en el aula para el aprendizaje individualizado o en grupo dentro o fuera del campus, por lo que, los materiales de apoyo para las tareas de clase que implican satisfacer las necesidades de los estudiantes son importantes para que cada estudiante tenga su plan de desarrollo individual.

ABSTRACT The purpose of the work was to review the Latin American literature on Pedagogy and Didactics of accounting sciences. The methodology consisted of The search for the works was carried out electronically, with the use of the Google Academic, Redalyc, Latindex, Dialnet and Tesis en Red application databases. The scoring criteria included relevance, methodological quality of the proposal of research, the experience and position of the authors/holders, the originality, as well as the relevance and scientific rigor. As results, a total of 30 papers were selected. There is a predominance of publications in the Didactic category, with little contribution in Pedagogy. It was found that the articles address theoretical aspects (of national and international interest) related to the teaching-learning process, by questioning the concepts of education, teacher/student relationship, environment, empathy and motivation, among others. In conclusion, future research can contribute to improving pedagogy and didactics in accounting sciences with projects aimed at multiculturalism in business-related subjects at the university level, with the development of technological resources capable of being used in the classroom for the individualized or group learning on or off campus, therefore, support materials for class tasks that involve meeting the needs of students are important so that each student has their individual development plan.

ABSTRACT This paper examined the Front for Life (Frente pela Vida, FpV), a movement of organised civil society in the health field, which sought to achieve political impact in response to the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of the Bolsonaro administration. Information was obtained through a document review of FpV publications, participant observation in meetings, demonstrations, livestreams and events in which the front participated or organised, as well as interviews of participants in its operating group. The analytical categories used were origin, trajectory, movements, management, the relationship between the FpV and the health sector reform movement, sustainability, challenges and the FpV’s prospects. The results showed that the FpV has led a large policy network of individual and collective subjects, scientific entities and organisations representing various segments of civil society to update the health sector movement and expand its social support base. Its trajectory has involved mainly technical, scientific and political action in multiple areas, working with the Executive, Judiciary and Legislative branches of government, as well as civil society. In conclusion, the FpV has proved to be an important social movement pressing the State to defend life and the universal right to health and to expand and strengthen Brazil’s Unified Health System, the SUS.

RESUMO Objetivou-se analisar a Frente pela Vida (FpV), um ator da sociedade civil organizado no campo da saúde, que buscou incidir politicamente diante da crise sanitária da pandemia da covid-19 no contexto do governo Bolsonaro. As informações foram obtidas por meio de revisão documental de publicações da FpV, bem como pela observação participante de reuniões, manifestações, lives e eventos nos quais participou ou organizou, além de entrevistas com participantes do seu grupo operativo. A análise considerou as categorias origem, trajetória, atores, gestão, relação entre a FpV e movimento sanitário, sustentabilidade, desafios e perspectivas da FpV. Os resultados evidenciam que a FpV capitaneou uma grande rede de políticas formada por sujeitos individuais e coletivos, entidades científicas e organizações representativas de diversos segmentos da sociedade civil, conformando uma atualização do movimento sanitário com ampliação de sua base de sustentação social. Sua trajetória contemplou, principalmente, a ação técnico-científica e política em múltiplas arenas, tendo nos Poderes Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário, e na sociedade civil, espaços privilegiados de inserção. Conclui-se que a FpV se revelou importante ator social na conjuntura recente, tensionando o Estado na defesa da vida, do direito universal à saúde e da expansão e fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde.

Abstract Portrait and type are two opposite ways of representing the human and obey to completely diverse logics. The portrait is an effort to highlight the most distinctive features of an individual, while the type, on the contrary, takes up what is common to various individuals, thus establishing a logic of de-individualization. In the New World, the type was the privileged representation of the Indian, since the portrait was exclusive to the social layers of European background. Afterwards, in the age of photography, the Indian will continue being shown as an indigenous type, either on postcards or in scientific publications. This paper is a reflection on the aesthetical-political logics underlying the establishment of the type as a privileged way of representing the Indian. Finally, we are analyzing the indigenous type in Martin Chambi’s work, photographer who first attempted to disrupt that category.

Resumen Retrato y tipo son dos modos de representación de lo humano que se oponen y obedecen a lógicas completamente diversas. El retrato es un esfuerzo por poner en relieve los aspectos más característicos de un individuo, el tipo, por el contrario, rescata los aspectos comunes a varios individuos e instala una lógica de desindividualización. En el Nuevo Mundo, el tipo fue el modo privilegiado de representación del Indio puesto que el retrato fue reservado a las capas de la sociedad de origen europeo. Posteriormente, en la época de la fotografía, el Indio seguirá siendo reproducido en tanto que tipo-indígena, ya sea en tarjetas postales o en publicaciones científicas. El presente artículo es una reflexión en torno a la lógica de orden estético-político que está a la base de la instalación del tipo como modo privilegiado de representación. A su vez, analizaremos el tipo-indígena en la obra del fotógrafo Martín Chambi como un primer esfuerzo por trastocar dicha categoría.

Resumen Esta contribución científica tiene como objetivo evaluar el estado de conocimiento y aplicación de la legislación sobre la responsabilidad social empresarial en el Ecuador y comprender los beneficios para promoverla y aplicarla. El estudio da inicio con la certeza de los factores intervinientes para luego exponer soluciones planteadas desde diferentes sectores. Esta investigación corresponde a un enfoque cualitativo, diseño descriptivo documental basado en la recopilación y análisis bibliográfico. Los principales resultados de esta investigación demuestran que en los últimos 20 años la comunidad científica internacional ha mostrado un gran interés en la temática investigativa de la responsabilidad social empresaria. Las principales contribuciones científicas publicadas en la base de datos Scopus son de tipo artículo científico y capítulos de libros. Los países que más publicaciones proyectan son Estados Unidos de América, Reino Unido y China. Las revistas científicas que mayor socialización ofrecen a las investigaciones en el área de la responsabilidad empresarial son Journal of Business Ethics, Sustainability Switzerland y CorporateSocial Responsibility And Environmental Management, entre otras. Por otra parte, se demuestra que la mayor parte de las empresas ecuatorianas desconocen la legislación de la responsabilidad social para un desarrollo sustentable, por lo que es importante socializar los beneficios y educar a la ciudadanía para que mejore su cumplimiento, pues a la vez que se genera crecimiento económico se puede mejorar las condiciones sociales de los involucrados.

Abstract This scientific contribution aims to evaluate the state of knowledge and application of the legislation of corporate social responsibility in Ecuador, to understand the benefits, and to promote and apply it. The study begins with the knowledge of the intervening factors and then to know solutions proposed from different sectors. This research corresponds to a qualitative approach, descriptive documentary design based on the collection and bibliographic analysis. The main results of this research show that, in the last 20 years, the international scientific community has shown a great interest in the research topic, corporate social responsibility. The main scientific contributions published in the Scopus database are scientific articles and book chapters. The countries with the most quantity of publications are the United States, the United Kingdom, and China. The scientific journals that offer the greatest socialization to research in the area of corporate responsibility are the Journal of Business Ethics, Sustainability Switzerland, Corporate Social Responsibility And Environmental Management, among others. On the other hand, it is shown that most Ecuadorian companies are not aware of the legislation of social responsibility for sustainable development, being important to socialize the benefits and educate citizens to improve their compliance because at the same time, economic growth can improve is the social conditions of those involved.

Resumen: El ensayo propone un análisis de la evaluación conceptual y normativa de la que Horacio González es objeto en dos publicaciones de los últimos tres años de Eduardo Rinesi, con preeminencia en su Curso de Sociología (2021). Nuestra aproximación plantea que el autor postula cifradamente a Horacio González como un clásico central de las ciencias sociales del siglo XXI en América Latina. Bajo ese supuesto, el autor prolonga hermenéuticamente y a la vez reconfigura polémicamente un linaje cuyos referentes centrales son Gino Germani y fundamentalmente Florestan Fernandes y Darcy Ribeiro en el siglo XX. Eduardo Rinesi, prescindiendo de la apelación a la literalidad estilística del barroco en su acepción estética, sin embargo, lo aplica retóricamente en un registro semántico de segundo nivel, reorientándolo en términos de construcción narrativa alegórica y disputa canónica refundacional en el actual debate sobre la validez lógico-conceptual y el estatuto práctico-normativo de la teoría científica y el ensayo cultural en las ciencias sociales de la región.

Abstract: This essay proposes an analysis of the conceptual and normative evaluation of which Horacio González is the subject in two recent publications by Eduardo Rinesi, with preeminence in his Sociology Course (2021). Our approach suggests that the author posits Horacio González in code as a central classic of the social sciences of the 21st century in Latin America, hermeneutically prolonging and at the same time polemically reconfiguring a lineage whose central references are Gino Germani and fundamentally Florestan Fernandes and Darcy Ribeiro in the twentieth century. Then we try to show how Eduardo Rinesi, disregarding the appeal to the stylistic literality of the baroque in its aesthetic meaning, nevertheless applies it argumentatively in a displaced register, reorienting it in terms of allegorical narrative construction and re-founding canonical dispute in the current debate on the logical-conceptual validity and the practical-normative status of scientific theory and cultural testing in the social sciences of the region.

This study proposes a methodology using OpenAlex (OA) for tracking Open Access publications in the case of Argentina, a country where a self-archiving mandate has been in effect since 2013 ( Law 26.899, 2013). A sample of 167,240 papers by researchers from the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET) was created and analyzed using statistical techniques. We estimate that OA is able to capture between 85-93% of authors for all disciplines, with the exception of Social Sciences and Humanities, where it only reaches an estimated 47%. The availability of papers in Open Access was calculated to be 41% for the period 1953-2021 and 46% when considering exclusively the post-law period (2014-2021). In both periods, gold Open Access made up the most common route. When comparing equal periods post and pre-law, we observed that the upward trend of gold Open Access was pre-existing to the legislation and the availability of closed articles in repositories increased by 5% to what is estimated based on existing trends. However, while the green route has had a positive evolution, it has been the publication in gold journals that has boosted access to Argentine production more rapidly. We concluded that the OA-based methodology, piloted here for the first time, is viable for tracking Open Access in Argentina since it yields percentages similar to other national and international studies.

En este estudio se propone una metodología utilizando OpenAlex (OA) para monitorear el acceso abierto (AA) a las publicaciones científicas para el caso de Argentina, país donde rige el mandato de autoarchivo -Ley 26.899 (2013)-. Se conformó una muestra con 167.240 artículos de investigadores del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) que se analizaron con técnicas estadísticas. Se estimó que OA puede representar entre 85-93% de los autores para todas las disciplinas, excepto Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, donde solo alcanza al 47%. Se calculó que 41% de los artículos publicados entre 1953-2021 incluidos en la fuente están en AA, porcentaje que sube a 46% al considerar exclusivamente el periodo post ley (2014-2021). En ambos periodos es la vía dorada la que representa mayor proporción. Al comparar periodos iguales post y pre ley, se observó que la tendencia en alza de la vía dorada era preexistente a la legislación y la disponibilidad de artículos cerrados en repositorios aumentó un 5% a lo que se estima en base a tendencias existentes. Se concluye que si bien  la vía verde ha tenido una evolución positiva, ha sido la publicación en revistas doradas lo que ha impulsado más rápidamente el acceso a la producción argentina. Asimismo, que la metodología basada en OA, piloteada aquí por primera vez, es viable para monitorear el AA en Argentina ya que arroja porcentajes similares a otros estudios nacionales e internacionales.

O texto tem como objetivo analisar o surgimento do Kichwa em algumas universidades do Equador, através do paradigma qualitativo; considerando que a língua Kichwa foi historicamente excluída das academias sob o conceito de Yanka shimi (língua sem prestígio). Uma língua desprezada durante vários séculos; Atualmente, tem lugar na Constituição Política do Equador e em algumas universidades do país, seja como disciplina, publicações em revistas científicas, criação de cursos de pós-graduação esporadicamente, cursos de formação em universidades públicas e privadas, publicações de livros e capítulos de livros. Portanto, a atuação dos Kichwa nos espaços universitários não caminha em um campo pacífico, mas em constante disputa. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o hermenêutico devido à interpretação multidisciplinar de fontes primárias e secundárias. As conclusões relevantes sugerem: a) O surgimento do Kichwa em algumas universidades do país; b) a emergência dos Kichwa nos espaços académicos não é um campo pacífico mas sim de luta; c) apesar do reconhecimento legal e acadêmico da língua, ainda existem muitas ações concretas, por exemplo, criação de programas de doutorado para forjar pesquisas rigorosas e originais; d) O Kichwa, historicamente, tem sido utilizado como estratégia de insurgência, mas também de múltiplos diálogos.

The text proposes to analyze the irruption of Kichwa in some universities of Ecuador, through the qualitative paradigm; considering that the Kichwa language has been historically excluded from the academies under the concept of yanka shimi (language without prestige). A language underestimated for several centuries; currently, it has a place in the Political Constitution of Ecuador and in some universities of the country, either as a subject, publications in scientific journals, creation of postgraduate courses sporadically, training courses in public and private universities, publications of books and book chapters. Therefore, the operation of kichwa in university spaces does not move in a peaceful field, but in a field of constant dispute. The research method used was hermeneutic due to the multidisciplinary interpretation of primary and secondary sources. The relevant conclusions suggest: a) the emergence of kichwa in some universities of the country; b) the irruption of kichwa in academic spaces is not a peaceful field but a field of struggle; c) despite the legal and academic recognition of the language, there are still many concrete actions, for example, the creation of doctoral programs to forge rigorous and original research; d) kichwa, historically, has been wielded as a strategy of insurgency, but also of multiple dialogues.

Kay killkashkaka imashinalla, Ecuador mama llaktapi, kichwa shimi hatun yachana wasikunaman yaykurishkamantami willan yuyachinpash; ashtawantakka, umanarichin yuyarichin ñanta katishpa; willanpashmi, imashinalla kichwa shimi paypak kawsaypi kamishka, pakachishka karuyachishka kashka hatun yachana wasikunamanta, yanka shimillami kan nishpa. Kichwa shimika achka watakunata pampachishka washaka; kunan pachapika, mama llaktapak kamachikpi, hatun yachana wasikunapipash chaskishkami kashka, yachanapak, kamukunapi killkanapak, kamukunapi ñawirinapak, taripanapak, yachaykunapi rimanapakpish. Shinallatak, kichwa shimipakka hatun yachana wasikunapi purinaka mana hawallachu kashka, mana shamuylla nishkakunachu, sinchi makanakuypimi purín. Kay taripay katik ñanpika tawka killkashkakunatami hamutarka. Kay puchukay yuyaykunawanmi chayarka: a) imashinami kichwa shimi maykan hatun yachana wasikunaman chayarka; b) Amawtay wasikunan, kichwa shimipak chayanaka mana hawallachu kashka, sinchitami makanakushka; c) Hatun kamachikkunapi kichwa shimita tiyankimi nikpipash, acha ruraykuna illanrakmi, ashtawan killkashpa, taripashpa katinakapak; d) kichwa shimika watan watankunata makanakunapakpash chimpapura rimanakunapakpishmi alli kashka.