Abstract Objective: This study evaluates the association between fiber intake and obesity in Brazilian adolescents, according to sex and having meals with parents/guardians. Methods: We used data from the Study on Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA) (12-17 years), a cross-sectional study conducted between 2013 and 2014 in all cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants. Obesity was classified based on World Health Organization criteria for BMI. Fiber intake was obtained from a 24-hour dietary recall, and the following values were considered adequate: for males, ≥25g/day (aged 9-13 years) and ≥31g/day (aged 14-17 years); for females, ≥22g/day (aged 9-13 years) and ≥25g/day (aged 14-17 years). The categories for lunch and dinner with parents/guardians were “never/rarely/sometimes” versus “every day/almost every day”. Poisson regression models were used to examine the associations between obesity and fiber intake adjusted for covariates and stratified by sex and meals. Results: 69,627 adolescents were evaluated, 50.2% male and mean age 14.4 years (SD=1,6). A lower prevalence of obesity was observed in adolescents with adequate fiber intake who had lunch “every day/almost every day” (females: PR=0.51; 95%CI: 0.36-0.72; males: PR=0.59; 95%CI: 0.42-0.82) and dinner with their parents/guardians (females: PR=0.48; 95%CI: 0.35-0.65; males: PR=0.58; 95%CI: 0.42-0.78). Conclusion: Adolescents who frequently had meals with their parents/guardians and reported adequate fiber consumption had a lower prevalence of obesity.

Resumen Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de fibra y la obesidad en adolescentes brasileños, según el sexo y la frecuencia de las comidas con padres/tutores. Métodos: Se utilizaron datos del Estudio de Riesgos Cardiovasculares en Adolescentes (ERICA) (12-17 años), un estudio transversal realizado entre 2013 y 2014 en todas las ciudades con más de 100.000 habitantes. La obesidad se clasificó según los criterios de IMC de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La ingesta de fibra se obtuvo a partir de un recordatorio dietético de 24 horas, y se consideraron valores adecuados los siguientes: para varones de 9 a 13 años, ≥25 g/día y de 14 a 17 años, ≥31 g/día; para mujeres de 9 a 13 años, ≥22 g/día y de 14 a 17 años, ≥25 g/día. Las categorías para el almuerzo y la cena con padres/tutores fueron: “nunca/rara vez/a veces” vs. “todos los días/casi todos los días”. Se utilizaron modelos de regresión de Poisson para examinar las asociaciones entre la obesidad y la ingesta de fibra, ajustadas por covariables y estratificadas por sexo y comidas. Resultados: Se evaluaron 69.627 adolescentes, 50,2% varones, con una edad media de 14,4 años (DE=1,6). Se observó una menor prevalencia de obesidad en los adolescentes con una ingesta adecuada de fibra y que almorzaban “todos los días/casi todos los días” (mujeres: PR=0,51; IC95%: 0,36-0,72; varones: PR=0,59; IC95%: 0,42-0,82) y cenaban con sus padres/tutores (mujeres: PR=0,48; IC95%: 0,35-0,65; varones: PR=0,58; IC95%: 0,42-0,78). Conclusión: Los adolescentes que comían frecuentemente con sus padres/tutores y reportaban un consumo adecuado de fibra tenían una menor prevalencia de obesidad.

Resumo Em 2020, um ano após a realização de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo principal analisar, comparativamente, os ciclos de greves de canavieiros, em Pernambuco, e de metalúrgicos de São Paulo e do ABC Paulista, que ocorreram em fins da década de 1970, retornamos às questões suscitadas em campo e nas entrevistas feitas com ex-sindicalistas e trabalhadores(as), para compreender os modos em que a interlocução nós-eles assumiu na formulação dos problemas de pesquisa e, nisso, os efeitos das formas de representação das nossas identidades/posições em campo e no texto científico que veio a ser publicado como resultado do projeto. Não meramente para reconhecer as implicações da autoridade etnográfica na escrita, mas para arguir em favor da fertilidade analítica da mediação do outro em nossa prática científica.

Abstract In 2020, one year after a research that had as its main objective to analyze, comparatively, the cycles of sugarcane workers’ strikes in Pernambuco, and metalworkers of São Paulo and ABC Paulista, that occurred in the late 1970’s, we returned to the questions raised in the field and in the interviews with former union members and workers to understand the ways in which the dialogue between us and them has influenced the formulation of research problems and hence the effects of the presentation of our identities/positions during the field work and in the scientific text that came to be published. Our goal is not merely to recognize the implications of ethnographic authority, but to argue in favor of the analytical fertility of this mediation with “the other” in our scientific practice.

Abstract Medical corporations have secured their authority for professional self-regulation from the State and have responded throughout history by way of their scientifically grounded statements which confer rationality to State interventions in the field of health. During the pandemic in Brazil, there was a solid right-wing association between state governance and medical governance that supported a policy to address the pandemic based on scientific denialism, off-label use of ineffective drugs, and the disregard of certain preventive measures, which together were responsible for most of the more than 700,000 deaths that occurred in the country. This article examines the phenomenon of the interaction of these two forms of governance in a context of authoritarian neoliberalism and thus seeks to reflect on the necessary limits to medical autonomy at all its levels.

Resumo A corporação médica tem sua autoridade para a autorregulação profissional subscrita pelo Estado e vem contribuindo ao longo da história por meio de seus enunciados cientificamente fundamentados que conferem racionalidade às intervenções do Estado no campo da saúde. No Brasil, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, houve uma sólida associação de extrema direita entre a governança estatal e a governança médica que deu suporte a uma política de enfrentamento da pandemia baseada em negacionismo científico, uso off-label de medicamentos ineficazes e desqualificação de medidas preventivas, tendo esta sido responsável por grande parte das mais de 700 mil mortes ocorridas no país. O presente artigo examina o fenômeno da interação dessas duas formas de governança no contexto de um neoliberalismo autoritário protofascista e busca refletir sobre os necessários limites à autonomia médica em todos os seus níveis.

Résumé La corporation médicale a son autorité d’autorégulation professionnelle souscrite par l’État et a contribué tout au long de l’histoire, par ses déclarations scientifiquement fondées, à donner une rationalité aux interventions de l’État dans le domaine de la santé. Au Brésil, pendant la pandémie de COVID-19, une solide association d’extrême droite entre la gouvernance de l’État et la gouvernance médicale a existé, qui soutenait une politique de lutte contre la pandémie basée sur le déni scientifique, l’utilisation hors AMM (autorisation de mise sur le marché) de médicaments inefficaces et la disqualification de mesures préventives, qui a été responsable d’une grande partie des plus de 700 mille décès survenus dans le pays. Cet article examine le phénomène de l’interaction de ces deux formes de gouvernance dans le contexte d’un néolibéralisme autoritaire proto-fasciste et cherche à réfléchir sur les limites nécessaires à l’autonomie médicale à tous ses niveaux.

Resumen Introducción: La autonomía municipal en la elaboración y ejecución de estrategias de desarrollo local es fundamental para reducir la dependencia del poder central y promover soluciones a problemáticas económicas, sociales y ambientales a nivel comunitario. En este sentido, el fortalecimiento de las capacidades de gestión en cada municipio es crucial para impulsar iniciativas locales que aborden estas problemáticas de manera efectiva. Objetivo: Identificar, desde el vínculo universidad-empresa, modos de actuaciones para la ampliación de las capacidades de gestión del turismo rural como factor de desarrollo local en el ámbito municipal Metodología: Esta investigación se enmarca en un enfoque descriptivo de naturaleza cualitativa. Se emplearon métodos como el análisis documental, la observación científica y entrevistas para fundamentar la propuesta, basándose en experiencias de trabajo en los municipios avileños de Florencia, Chambas y Bolivia. Resultados: Se estructuraron varias acciones y talleres que, integralmente, y en el marco del vínculo universidad-empresa-municipio, aportan un conjunto de herramientas que potencian el aprendizaje y la generación de capacidades de gestión innovadoras en el aspecto municipal, en función del desarrollo local a partir de la actividad turística. Conclusiones: Las acciones y talleres propuestos representan una contribución significativa a la gestión del turismo rural en estos municipios, donde la creación de estructuras y sistemas de trabajo es crucial para impulsar la economía local y sistematizar el conocimiento en materia turística, promoviendo así un impacto directo en el desarrollo local.

Abstract Introduction: Municipal autonomy in crafting and executing local development strategies is pivotal for reducing reliance on central authority and fostering solutions to economic, social, and environmental challenges at the grassroots level. Strengthening management capacities within each municipality is therefore crucial for driving local initiatives that effectively address these issues. Objective: To identify, through university-industry collaboration, strategies for expanding management capacities for rural tourism as a catalyst for local development at the municipal level. Methodology: This research adopts a descriptive, qualitative approach. Methods such as documentary analysis, scientific observation, and interviews were employed to underpin the proposal, drawing from experiences in the Avileño municipalities of Florencia, Chambas, and Bolivia. Results: Several integrated actions and workshops have been structured within the university-industry-municipality framework, offering a suite of tools that enhance learning and foster innovative management capacities at the municipal level, with a focus on leveraging tourism activity for local development. Conclusions: The proposed actions and workshops represent a significant stride in rural tourism management within these municipalities. Establishing structures and operational systems is crucial for driving the local economy and organizing knowledge in tourism, thus facilitating a direct impact on local development.

Abstract Objective To explore the effect of surgical treatment and related prognostic factors for recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) after radiotherapy and the pathological types of nasopharyngeal carcinoma insensitive to radiotherapy. Methods A total of 70 NPC patients who underwent surgery at the Department of Otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, from January 2005 to December 2020 were retrospectively included: 41 males and 29 females, aged 21-75 years, 47 patients were pathologically classified as NPC (nonkeratinizing, undifferentiated type), 10 patients as adenoid cystic carcinoma, 13 patients as other types, 45 patients had received radiotherapy preoperatively, and 25 patients had not received radiotherapy preoperatively. All patients underwent surgical treatment under general anesthesia. Fifty-six patients underwent nasoendoscopic NPC resection, seven patients underwent open surgery, and seven patients underwent combined nasoendoscopic and open surgery. The median follow-up was 39 months. Tumor volume, extent of involvement, lymph node metastasis, imaging characteristics, surgical approach and efficacy, postoperative complications, and 2-, 3-, and 5-year postoperative survival rates were calculated for all patients. Statistical analysis was performed using spss22 Kaplan Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed. Results Among the 70 patients, the overall 2-year survival rate was 93.4%, the 3-year survival rate was 90.8%, and the 5-year survival rate was 80.3%. Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage and age at onset were independent prognostic factors for NPC outcome. Conclusion Depending on the size and location of the tumor, endoscopic surgery, open surgery, and combined open surgery with nasoendoscopy may be considered for recurrent and radiotherapy insensitive NPC. Level of Evidence: Level 4. (NPC 7 Otolaryngology 200 202 included 4 2 females 2175 21 75 21-7 years nonkeratinizing, nonkeratinizing (nonkeratinizing type, type , type) 1 preoperatively anesthesia Fiftysix Fifty six resection followup follow up 3 months volume involvement metastasis characteristics efficacy complications 2, 2- 3, 3- 5year year 5 spss spss2 2year 934 93 93.4% 3year 908 90 8 90.8% 803 80 80.3% outcome tumor Evidence 20 217 21- 9 93.4 90.8 80.3 93. 90. 80.

Abstract This article analyzes the Integrated Endemic Disease Program (PIDE), which was established in 1973 by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development CNPq, financed by the Brazilian Funding Authority for Studies and Projects FINEP. The program was established to finance research on diseases considered strategic to the economic development plans of the military regime (1964-1985). Acknowledged to be a landmark program in the history of Brazilian parasitology, PIDE was set up during a period when the dictatorship was both violently repressing scholars and investing heavily in science and technology (S&T). The article examines the context in which the program was implemented and analyzes what it signified for planners in the S&T field and for the scientists who coordinated it. The contention is that PIDE was an example of how the scientific community managed to use financial and institutional resources available under the S&T policy in the 1970s to advance research on parasitic diseases and update its agenda. This analysis contributes to recent historiography that, based on specific historical cases, reflects on the paradoxical nature of a regime that, in its authoritarian modernization project, simultaneously persecuted scientists and supported science. PIDE, , (PIDE) 197 CNPq FINEP 19641985. 19641985 1964 1985 . (1964-1985) parasitology S&T. ST S T (S&T) s agenda cases project (PIDE 19 1964198 196 198 (1964-1985 (S&T 1 196419 (1964-198 19641 (1964-19 (1964-1 (1964- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Resumo Este artigo analisa o Programa Integrado de Doenças Endêmicas (PIDE), criado em 1973 no Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (CNPq), com recursos da Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep), para financiar pesquisas sobre doenças consideradas estratégicas aos planos de desenvolvimento econômico do regime militar (1964-1985). O PIDE é reconhecido como marco na história da parasitologia brasileira. Sua formulação ocorreu em um período de violenta repressão da ditadura ao campo acadêmico e, ao mesmo tempo, de significativos investimentos governamentais em ciência e tecnologia. O artigo examina as circunstâncias de sua criação e implementação e analisa os sentidos que assumiu para os planejadores da área de C&T e para os cientistas que o coordenaram. Argumenta-se que o PIDE foi um exemplo de como a comunidade científica soube utilizar os recursos financeiros e institucionais da política científica e tecnológica da década de 1970 para fazer avançar a tradição de pesquisa em doenças parasitárias e inovar sua agenda. Pretende-se contribuir para a historiografia que vem refletindo, a partir de casos históricos específicos, sobre o caráter paradoxal de um regime que, em seu projeto de modernização autoritária, simultaneamente perseguiu cientistas e apoiou a ciência. PIDE, , (PIDE) 197 CNPq, CNPq (CNPq) Finep, Finep (Finep) 19641985. 19641985 1964 1985 . (1964-1985) brasileira tempo tecnologia CT C T coordenaram Argumentase Argumenta se agenda Pretendese Pretende refletindo específicos autoritária (PIDE 19 (CNPq (Finep 1964198 196 198 (1964-1985 1 196419 (1964-198 19641 (1964-19 (1964-1 (1964- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Abstract In this article, we examine the concept of cultural authority in the context of the professionalization/corporatization of medicine at the end of the 20th century, and its political and moral contours since the HIV/AIDS epidemic in São Paulo. Based on journalistic articles collected from the newspaper O Estado de São Paulo (1986-1989), we seek to highlight the place of medical expertise, examining the discourses produced about the disease in Brazil, in bases that show the emergence of social actors, disputes for credibility and the clinical authority under challenge. We analyze public narratives about AIDS, situating the place of authority. We argue that such discourses, in the context of sexual panic, did not occur outside a dynamic of therapeutic/clinical authority and the profession’s own norms, which also immediately made visible the role of physicians, specialists and other health professionals, in dialogue with the moral grammar of the socially current illness. The conclusions illustrate the link between Brazilian medicine at the end of the century and the local-global history of AIDS, concentrating historical and political movements that disputed the scientific and moral meanings of the disease, fractured by the clash between authorities in the scientific, sanitary and clinical fields.

Resumo Neste artigo examinamos o conceito de autoridade cultural no contexto da profissionalização/corporativização da medicina no final do século XX e seus contornos políticos e morais desde a epidemia de HIV/Aids em São Paulo. A partir de matérias jornalísticas recolhidas do jornal O Estado de São Paulo (1986-1989), buscamos dar relevo ao lugar do especialismo médico, examinando os discursos produzidos sobre a doença, no Brasil, em bases que evidenciam a emergência de atores sociais, disputas por credibilidade e a autoridade clínica sob contestação. Analisamos as narrativas públicas sobre a Aids, situando o lugar da autoridade. Argumentamos que tais discursos, no contexto do pânico sexual, não ocorriam fora de uma dinâmica de autoridade terapêutica/clínica e das normatizações próprias da profissão, que também tornavam imediatamente visível o papel dos médicos, especialistas e demais profissionais de saúde, em diálogo com a gramática moral da doença socialmente corrente. As conclusões ilustram a vinculação da medicina brasileira de fins do século com a história local-global da Aids, concentrando movimentos históricos e políticos que disputavam os sentidos científicos e morais da doença, fraturados pelo embate entre autoridades no campo científico, sanitário e clínico.

Abstract This article analyzes the Integrated Endemic Disease Program (PIDE), which was established in 1973 by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development CNPq, financed by the Brazilian Funding Authority for Studies and Projects FINEP. The program was established to finance research on diseases considered strategic to the economic development plans of the military regime (1964-1985). Acknowledged to be a landmark program in the history of Brazilian parasitology, PIDE was set up during a period when the dictatorship was both violently repressing scholars and investing heavily in science and technology (S&T). The article examines the context in which the program was implemented and analyzes what it signified for planners in the S&T field and for the scientists who coordinated it. The contention is that PIDE was an example of how the scientific community managed to use financial and institutional resources available under the S&T policy in the 1970s to advance research on parasitic diseases and update its agenda. This analysis contributes to recent historiography that, based on specific historical cases, reflects on the paradoxical nature of a regime that, in its authoritarian modernization project, simultaneously persecuted scientists and supported science.

Resumo Este artigo analisa o Programa Integrado de Doenças Endêmicas (PIDE), criado em 1973 no Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (CNPq), com recursos da Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep), para financiar pesquisas sobre doenças consideradas estratégicas aos planos de desenvolvimento econômico do regime militar (1964-1985). O PIDE é reconhecido como marco na história da parasitologia brasileira. Sua formulação ocorreu em um período de violenta repressão da ditadura ao campo acadêmico e, ao mesmo tempo, de significativos investimentos governamentais em ciência e tecnologia. O artigo examina as circunstâncias de sua criação e implementação e analisa os sentidos que assumiu para os planejadores da área de C&T e para os cientistas que o coordenaram. Argumenta-se que o PIDE foi um exemplo de como a comunidade científica soube utilizar os recursos financeiros e institucionais da política científica e tecnológica da década de 1970 para fazer avançar a tradição de pesquisa em doenças parasitárias e inovar sua agenda. Pretende-se contribuir para a historiografia que vem refletindo, a partir de casos históricos específicos, sobre o caráter paradoxal de um regime que, em seu projeto de modernização autoritária, simultaneamente perseguiu cientistas e apoiou a ciência.

Abstract In this article, we examine the concept of cultural authority in the context of the professionalization/corporatization of medicine at the end of the 20th century, and its political and moral contours since the HIV/AIDS epidemic in São Paulo. Based on journalistic articles collected from the newspaper O Estado de São Paulo (1986-1989), we seek to highlight the place of medical expertise, examining the discourses produced about the disease in Brazil, in bases that show the emergence of social actors, disputes for credibility and the clinical authority under challenge. We analyze public narratives about AIDS, situating the place of authority. We argue that such discourses, in the context of sexual panic, did not occur outside a dynamic of therapeutic/clinical authority and the profession’s own norms, which also immediately made visible the role of physicians, specialists and other health professionals, in dialogue with the moral grammar of the socially current illness. The conclusions illustrate the link between Brazilian medicine at the end of the century and the local-global history of AIDS, concentrating historical and political movements that disputed the scientific and moral meanings of the disease, fractured by the clash between authorities in the scientific, sanitary and clinical fields. article professionalizationcorporatization professionalization corporatization th HIVAIDS HIV AIDS 19861989, 19861989 1986 1989 , (1986-1989) expertise Brazil actors challenge panic therapeuticclinical therapeutic professions profession s norms physicians professionals illness localglobal local global fields 1986198 198 (1986-1989 198619 19 (1986-198 19861 1 (1986-19 (1986-1 (1986- (1986 (198 (19 (1 (

Resumo Neste artigo examinamos o conceito de autoridade cultural no contexto da profissionalização/corporativização da medicina no final do século XX e seus contornos políticos e morais desde a epidemia de HIV/Aids em São Paulo. A partir de matérias jornalísticas recolhidas do jornal O Estado de São Paulo (1986-1989), buscamos dar relevo ao lugar do especialismo médico, examinando os discursos produzidos sobre a doença, no Brasil, em bases que evidenciam a emergência de atores sociais, disputas por credibilidade e a autoridade clínica sob contestação. Analisamos as narrativas públicas sobre a Aids, situando o lugar da autoridade. Argumentamos que tais discursos, no contexto do pânico sexual, não ocorriam fora de uma dinâmica de autoridade terapêutica/clínica e das normatizações próprias da profissão, que também tornavam imediatamente visível o papel dos médicos, especialistas e demais profissionais de saúde, em diálogo com a gramática moral da doença socialmente corrente. As conclusões ilustram a vinculação da medicina brasileira de fins do século com a história local-global da Aids, concentrando movimentos históricos e políticos que disputavam os sentidos científicos e morais da doença, fraturados pelo embate entre autoridades no campo científico, sanitário e clínico. profissionalizaçãocorporativização profissionalização corporativização HIVAids HIV Aids 19861989, 19861989 1986 1989 , (1986-1989) médico Brasil sociais contestação sexual terapêuticaclínica terapêutica profissão médicos saúde corrente localglobal local global científico clínico 1986198 198 (1986-1989 198619 19 (1986-198 19861 1 (1986-19 (1986-1 (1986- (1986 (198 (19 (1 (

This research aims to examine the Indonesian Ulema Council's (MUI) fatwa strategy on COVID-19 vaccination booster, which employed religious narrations and laboratory test evidence to justify its arguments. Religious texts become ideological frames that are legitimate and effective in influencing the human senses. This study uses maqashid al-Qur'an as approach. Hence, the use of text of the Qur'an, hadith, and quotations from various ulema's opinions elucidates the vaccination aim under Islamic law. Based on the MUI fatwa, the primary purpose of the vaccinations is for the sake of national benefits, whereas, from the perspective of maqashid al-Qur'an, it mainly leads to the preservation of the Indonesian people's life as a whole. The COVID-19 vaccination carried out in Indonesia is for curative purposes; consequently, this programme is classified into the daruriyah [urgent] category. The results revealed that religious authority plays a crucial role in persuading its adherents. CONTRIBUTION: This research shows that interpreting the Qur'anic verses using the maqashid theory should also be integrated with a scientific approach for the benefit of humanity

This article explores children's narrative identity formation and the impact of adult-child relationships on shaping a child's narrative. The formation of identity in all children is vulnerable to a culture of 'adultism', wherein the authority wielded by adults can potentially subject children to abuse and neglect. Consequently, adultism has the aptitude to hinder the constructive development of a life-affirming identity in children. The primary objective of this article is to develop a childist narrative theology of praxis methodology, aimed at raising consciousness and educating adults on both life-denying and life-giving ways of engaging in the process of children's narrative identity formation. To achieve this goal, the methodology is developed by adapting Denise Ackermann's 'feminist theology of praxis' to focus specifically on children. The application of feminist theory principles is deemed relevant to the social standing of children as it aligns with the broader goal of liberating oppressed groups, whether women or children. Additionally, John Wall's work is employed to elucidate the terms 'childist' and 'childism' as interpretive frameworks. Positioned within the scientific domain of Practical Theology, this study seeks to transform conditions that impede human flourishing into opportunities for positive change. The research objectives determine that a literature review will be suitable to gather essential information for the formulation of a childist narrative theology of praxis. This review, characterised as explorative and descriptive, is conducted within the field of Practical Theology. CONTRIBUTION: The significance of this study is underscored by its exploration and description of the pastoral functions of consciousness, awareness-raising, and education concerning adult-child relations. By scrutinising these pastoral functions, the emphasis is placed on the proactive, preventive, and universal aspects of pastoral care in the context of children, thereby contributing valuable insights to the discourse

Abstract The conservation of Protected Areas (PAs) in the Galapagos Islands has reached several acknowledgments: Natural Heritage of Humanity, Biosphere Reserve, Marine Sanctuary, Ramsar Site, etc. One of the reasons to achieve this recognition is the availability of scientific knowledge generated by important institutions such as the Charles Darwin Foundation (CDF). This knowledge helps to provide the local environmental authority (GNPD, Galapagos National Park Directorate) with scientific evidence for decision-making. Nonetheless, there is the challenge of offering greater accessibility to information and evaluating the advances toward the Sustainability Development Objectives (SDOs). At the same time and according to current trends, scientific research which is based on collaborative, providing transparency of all the phases included in research builds the concept of open science, demonstrating the main idea behind information management. This article intends to present the first steps to open science that our institution is working on. We present a CDF projects visualizer and the provision of a geoportal with data from the Plan Galapagos 2030 in collaboration with the Government Council of the Galapagos Special Regime. Secondly, we will develop an assessment of the impact of the opening of these datasets and its visualizers. That is to say, we will analyze the qualities and observations perceived by the community, regarding the disposition of the published visualizer and geoportal; which will also allow for the identification of identifying the main challenges and uncertainties towards the growth and implementation of open science for CDF's scientific production.

Resumen La conservación de las AAPP del Archipiélago de Galápagos ha alcanzado un sinnúmero de reconocimientos: Patrimonio Natural de la Humanidad, Reserva de la Biosfera, Santuario Marino, Sitio Ramsar, etc. Esto gracias a, entre otras actividades, al conocimiento técnico/científico generado a partir de instituciones como la Fundación Charles Darwin (FCD). Este conocimiento provee a la autoridad ambiental local (DPNG, Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos) de evidencia científica para la toma de decisiones en el manejo de la Reserva Marina y del Parque Nacional. De acuerdo a las tendencias actuales, existe el reto de tener una mayor accesibilidad a la información, específicamente a la investigación científica de la FCD. El concepto de ciencia abierta que se pretende implementar se basa en el trabajo colaborativo y datos FAIR, siendo este el ideal de hacia donde la gestión de la información apunta. Este artículo pretende presentar los inicios hacia la ciencia abierta por parte de la FCD. Un visualizador de los proyectos científicos institucionales y un geoportal de datos sobre el Plan de Desarrollo Sustentable y Ordenamiento Territorial del Régimen Especial de Galápagos (Plan Galápagos 2030); han sido los primeros pasos concretos para poner a disposición el libre acceso a la información. En segundo lugar, se realizará una evaluación del impacto de la apertura de esta información: es decir se analizarán las percepciones de los visualizadores publicados; lo que permitirá identificar los retos hacia la implantación de la ciencia abierta para la producción científica de la FCD.

RESUMEN La valoración de los documentos privados como prueba, plantea un panorama activo en el papel de los jueces, siendo que, esto implica diversas perspectivas en la exposición crítica que pauta el principio de libre valoración de la prueba. El Tema de la valoración de la prueba en los documentos privados, con frecuencia, presenta puntos relevantes en la racionalización de los juicios, siendo que la prueba cuenta en cierta parte, con numerosos problemas que caracterizan su valoración con puntos relevantes y determinadas peculiaridades dada su propia perspectiva de ser privados. El objetivo de los documentos privados es probar lo alegado por las partes, tomando en consideración la veracidad de los mismos, a través de los mecanismos adecuados como su materialización o certificación, en caso de que los documentos cuenten con firmas originales, su reconocimiento deberá hacerse ante la autoridad competente. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo general: Argumentar la importancia que tienen los documentos privados como medios probatorios en los procesos judiciales, en materia civil; para lo cual se utilizará, el enfoque metodológico cualitativo, a través de métodos científicos como el histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético y el inductivo.

ABSTRACT The evaluation of private documents as evidence raises an active panorama in the role of judges, since this implies different perspectives in the critical exposition that guides the principle of free evaluation of the evidence. The subject of the evaluation of the evidence in private documents, frequently, presents relevant points in the rationalization of the trials, being that the evidence has in a certain part, with numerous problems that characterize its evaluation with relevant points and certain peculiarities given its own perspective of being deprived. The objective of private documents is to prove what is alleged by the parties, taking into consideration their veracity, through the appropriate mechanisms such as their materialization or certification, in case the documents have original signatures, their recognition must be done. before the competent authority. The principal objective of this work is: to argue the importance of private documents as evidence in judicial processes, in civil matters; for which the qualitative methodological approach will be used, through scientific methods such as historical-logical, analytical-synthetic and inductive.

Resumo. Objetivo/Contexto: Neste artigo, são analisados alguns dos debates sobre a criação do decreto do salário-mínimo no México durante a década de 1930. É observado como diferentes atores usaram a ciência para justificar suas demandas, especialmente a necessidade de utilizar informação fisiológica e nutricional para conhecer os requisitos da população. Como resultado, a heterodoxa forma de estabelecer os salários no âmbito municipal mudou na década de 1930, com a proclamação de um decreto federal que usou as pesquisas mais recentes, que incluíam os requisitos nutricionais dos operários. Metodologia: Seguindo os métodos da história da ciência, este artigo oferece uma visão panorâmica dos problemas prévios ao decreto federal de salário-mínimo e concernentes ao uso da ciência como ferramenta que deu legitimidade ao Estado pós-revolucionário mexicano. Originalidade: É oferecida uma breve reconstrução histórica sobre o salário-mínimo durante a década de 1930 e sua federalização, ausentes na historiografia. Além disso, a análise propõe articular a história da ciência e sua influência com as recontagens econômica e social. Conclusões: Neste artigo, é mostrado como os projetos políticos e sociais - como a definição de um salário-mínimo - dependeram da ciência para obter autoridade e, por sua vez, como os projetos sociais proporcionaram insumos para construir linhas de pesquisa científicas especializadas.

Resumen Objetivo/Contexto: este artículo analiza algunos de los debates alrededor de la creación del decreto del salario mínimo en México durante la década de 1930. Se observa cómo distintos actores usaron la ciencia para justificar sus demandas, especialmente la necesidad de utilizar información fisiológica y nutricional para conocer los requerimientos de la población. Como resultado, la heterodoxa forma de fijar los salarios a nivel municipal cambió en la década de 1930, con la proclamación de un decreto federal que usó las encuestas más recientes, que incluían los requerimientos nutricionales de los obreros. Metodología: siguiendo los métodos de la historia de la ciencia, el artículo ofrece una mirada panorámica de los problemas previos al decreto federal de salario mínimo y concernientes al uso de la ciencia como una herramienta que dio legitimidad al Estado posrevolucionario mexicano. Originalidad: Se ofrece una breve reconstrucción histórica sobre el salario mínimo durante la década de 1930 y su federalización, ausentes en la historiografía. Asimismo, el análisis propone articular la historia de la ciencia y su influencia con los recuentos económicos y sociales. Conclusiones: El artículo muestra cómo los proyectos políticos y sociales - como la definición de un salario mínimo - dependieron de la ciencia para obtener autoridad y, a su vez, cómo los proyectos sociales proporcionaron insumos para la construcción de líneas de investigación científicas especializadas.

Abstract Objective/Context: This article follows some of the debates around the creation of the minimum wage mandate in Mexico during the 1930s. I focus on how different actors used science to justify their demands, especially the need to use physiological and nutritional information to know the population’s requirements. As a result, the heterogeneous way to fix the wages at the local (municipal) level changed with the proclamation of a federal mandate in the 1930s, using the most recent cost of living surveys, which included the nutritional requirements for the workers. Methodology: Following the methods used by the history of science, this article gives a panoramic view of the problems that existed before the federal minimum wage mandate and concerning the use of science as a legitimizing tool of the post-revolutionary state. Originality: This article makes a brief historical reconstruction of the minimum wage in the 1930s, and its federalization, which is absent from historiography, and proposes to articulate the history of science and its influence on economic and social accounts. Conclusions: This article shows how political and social projects-like the definition of a minimum wage-depended on science to obtain authority and, in turn, how these social projects provided inputs for the construction of specialized scientific lines of research.

RESUMEN Este trabajo se propone problematizar, discutir y publicizar la autoridad cultural de la medicina científica, desde una dimensión política, y la implementación de la epidemiología de los servicios y sistemas de salud, desde una dimensión técnica. A partir de los conceptos de interés del desinterés, de Pierre Bourdieu, y de autoridad cultural de los problemas públicos de Joseph Gusfield se analiza ¿por qué la información epidemiológica es tan poco utilizada para la evaluación y monitoreo de las prácticas clínicas, poblacionales, institucionales y territoriales?, ¿por qué domina una cultura de toma de decisiones sin información epidemiológica? Desde este marco conceptual, se aborda un cuerpo documental que permite recuperar la débil cientificidad que sustentaron o sustentan algunas prácticas del campo de la salud en diferentes momentos históricos, organizado en tres ejes temáticos: la práctica profesional asistencial, los medicamentos y las tecnologías biomédicas.

ABSTRACT This article intends to critique of the cultural authority of the medical sciences, opening up a discussion on its publicization from a political standpoint. At the same time, from a more technical standpoint, it proposes the implementation of an epidemiology of health systems and services. Based on Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of interest in disinterestedness and Joseph Gusfield’s notion of the cultural authority of public problems, it analyzes why epidemiological information is so rarely used in the evaluation and monitoring of clinical, population, institutional, and territorial practices. That is, why does the dominant culture of decision making eschew epidemiological information? Within this conceptual framework, a body of documental evidence is analyzed that sheds light on the weak scientific basis that upholds or that has underpinned certain practices in the health field at different historical moments. The discussion is organized around three major themes: assistentialist professional practice, medication, and biomedical technologies.