ABSTRACT This study investigated 27 male adolescents in socio-educational care at the Belford Roxo Intensive Care Center. It is a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach and a case study methodological proposal. To obtain data, questionnaires were applied that consisted of obtaining answers about i) sociodemographic data, ii) screening for involvement with smoking, alcohol and other drugs, iii) Beck Depression Inventory and iv) Beck suicidal ideation. The group studied was composed of 16.48 years old as a mean; 92.6% were brown or black; 70.37% had attended between the 5th grade of Elementary School I and the 9th grade of Elementary School II; 44.44% consumed alcoholic beverages daily; 40.74% presented depressive symptoms; 25.92% had a history of suicidal ideation, and 11.11% had already attempted suicide. Those surveyed with substance use problems face a high simultaneous risk of mental health problems, an aggravating factor that can result in a more difficult life situation with diffuse social problems, a precarious health status, and a prediction of general adversity. Thus, the situation of these adolescents, who are a sample of the peripheral underworld of cities, is alarming, indicating the urgency of public health and state actions.

RESUMO Este estudo pesquisou 27 adolescentes do sexo masculino em regime socioeducativo no Centro de Atendimento Intensivo Belford Roxo. É um estudo descritivo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa com proposta metodológica de estudo de caso. Na obtenção de dados, foram aplicados questionários que consistiram em obter respostas sobre i) dados sociodemográficos, ii) triagem do envolvimento com fumo, álcool e outras drogas, iii) Inventário Beck de depressão e iv) ideação suicida de Beck. O grupo pesquisado era composto de 16,48 anos como média de idade; percentual de 92,6% de cor parda ou preta; 70,37% tinham frequentado entre a 5ª série do Ensino Fundamental I e a 9ª série do Ensino Fundamental II; 44,44% faziam uso de bebidas alcoólicas diuturnamente; 40,74% apresentaram sintomas depressivos; 25,92% apresentaram histórico de ideação suicida, e 11,11% já tinham tentado suicídio. Os pesquisados com problemas de uso de substâncias psicoativas enfrentam um alto risco simultâneo de saúde mental, agravante que pode incorrer em situação de vida mais difícil com problemas sociais difusos, um quadro de saúde precário, prognosticando adversidades gerais. Dessa forma, é alarmante a situação desses adolescentes, que é uma amostra do submundo periférico das cidades, denotando a urgência de ações de saúde pública e do Estado.

Abstract: This article analyzes how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted the school path, and induced distancing and disconnection of adolescents in two public high schools and one community center in the town of Santa Fe, a neighborhood of Mexico City. Case studies were carried out to provide an account of how adolescents experienced the pandemic and the return to face-to-face classes, for which in-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted. The theory that underpins this work allowed us to move away from the concepts of school dropout or school abandonment to construct the notion of school disconnection as an intermediate category that emerges from the data. The research reports results about academic and socioemotional problems, as well as the construction of knowledge for life such as self-care and care for others.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza cómo la pandemia de covid-19 afectó la trayectoria escolar, así como el distanciamiento y desconexión de adolescentes en dos secundarias públicas y un centro comunitario del pueblo de Santa Fe, Ciudad de México. Se realizaron estudios de caso para dar cuenta de cómo las y los adolescentes vivieron la pandemia y el retorno a clases presenciales, para ello se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad y grupos focales. La teoría fundamentada que sostiene este trabajo permitió alejarse de los conceptos de deserción o abandono escolar para construir la noción de desconexión escolar como una categoría intermedia que emerge de los datos. En la investigación se reportan resultados sobre los problemas académicos y socioemocionales, así como la construcción de saberes para la vida como el autocuidado y el cuidado del otro.

Abstract: This article reports a study documenting managerial leadership within the schoolwork in tele-secondary institutions during the Covid-19 pandemic. The approach was qualitative with case study support. An exploratory stage was carried out, with the participation of management and teaching staff from the State of Veracruz, Mexico, and another in-depth stage, which resulted in the selection of two cases. The analysis presented focuses on a school principal and the center where he works; with the support of Atlas.ti, three categories were defined: teacher well-being, closeness to the students and professional learning community. The results show that what prevailed was the physical, labor and emotional well-being of teachers; the search for permanence and learning of the students, as well as the constitution of a professional learning community. We recognized that the possibility of innovation in education emerged, even amidst the health crisis.

Resumen: Este artículo presenta un estudio que documenta el liderazgo directivo dentro del trabajo escolar en telesecundaria durante la pandemia por covid-19. El enfoque fue cualitativo con apoyo en el estudio de casos. Se desarrolló una etapa exploratoria, con participación de personal directivo y docente de Veracruz, México, y otra de profundización, que permitió la selección de dos casos. El análisis presentado se enfoca en un director y la escuela donde labora; con apoyo en Atlas.ti, se definieron tres categorías: bienestar docente, cercanía con el alumnado y comunidad profesional de aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran el cuidado del bienestar físico, laboral y emocional docente; se procuró la permanencia y los aprendizajes del alumnado, así como la constitución de una comunidad profesional de aprendizaje. Se reconoció que, en medio de la crisis sanitaria, germinó la posibilidad de innovar en la educación.

Abstract This paper deals with the Experimental School Nucleus Project in Colonia Aborigen, located in the center of the Argentine Province of Chaco, which was conducted by René James Sotelo, a renowned teacher and indigenist from Chaco. The project was based on Fundamental Education, an approach disseminated by UNESCO during the 1950s, and proposed a comprehensive education for indigenous people aimed at their formation as peasants, in order to "integrate" them into the regional capitalist economy. Among the sources we study, two versions of the project are considered (the first dates from 1958 and the second from 1964), as well as correspondence of the author, journalistic notes and official documentation of the General Council of Education of Chaco. The article provides initial answers to questions that guide the analysis: Why was this educational proposal presented for the indigenous population of Colonia Aborigen Chaco? What were its goals? What were the characteristics of those planned school nucleus?

Resumen En este trabajo, se analiza el proyecto del Núcleo Escolar Experimental en Colonia Aborigen, localizada en la región central del Chaco en Argentina, que fue presentado por René James Sotelo, reconocido maestro e indigenista chaqueño. El proyecto se basó en la Educación Fundamental, enfoque difundido por la UNESCO durante la década del 50, y planteó una educación integral para el indígena, orientada a su formación como campesino/a, con el fin de “integrarlo/a” a la economía regional capitalista. Entre las fuentes, se consideran dos versiones del proyecto (la primera data de 1958 y la segunda de 1964), correspondencia del autor, notas periodísticas y documentación oficial del Consejo General de Educación del Chaco. En el artículo se plantean respuestas iniciales a interrogantes que guían el análisis: ¿Por qué se planteó esta propuesta educativa para la población indígena de Colonia Aborigen Chaco? ¿Cuáles fueron sus objetivos? ¿Qué características tuvo la nuclearización escolar proyectada?

RESUMO Relato de experiência que apresenta parceria entre o Núcleo de Saúde Mental Álcool e Outras Drogas, o Observatório de Territórios Sustentáveis e Saudáveis da Bocaina e o Fórum de Comunidades Tradicionais de Angra dos Reis, Paraty e Ubatuba, o qual resultou em um projeto de intervenções territoriais e comunitárias em saúde mental em Paraty. O objetivo foi promover intervenções nesse campo considerando aspectos socioeconômicos, ambientais e de saúde, integrando os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e as metas da Agenda 2030. O projeto desenvolveu atividades de diagnóstico, articulação, intervenção e monitoramento, utilizando metodologias como educação popular, educação permanente, pesquisa-ação e sistematização de experiências. Participaram residentes do Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde Mental, Álcool e outras Drogas da Escola de Governo Fiocruz Brasília, além de um supervisor clínico institucional bolsista, fortalecendo a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial do município. Atividades como reconhecimento do território, rodas de conversa, entrevistas e trabalho em equipe multiprofissional foram realizadas para compreender o sofrimento mental valorizando os saberes comunitários e as tradições. A relação com a rede formal de saúde mental foi estabelecida para implementar o matriciamento e ampliar o acesso ao cuidado em saúde mental nas comunidades. Reis Ubatuba socioeconômicos 2030 diagnóstico articulação monitoramento popular permanente pesquisaação pesquisa ação experiências Brasília bolsista município território conversa tradições comunidades 203 20 2

ABSTRACT Experience report presenting a partnership between the Mental Health Alcohol and Other Drugs Center, the Observatory of Sustainable and Healthy Territories of Bocaina, and the Forum of Traditional Communities of Angra dos Reis, Paraty, and Ubatuba resulted in a project of territorial and community interventions in mental health in Paraty. The goal was to promote interventions in this field considering socioeconomic, environmental, and health aspects, integrating the Sustainable Development Goals and the targets of the 2030 Agenda. The project developed diagnostic, articulation, intervention and monitoring activities, using methodologies such as popular education, permanent education, action research and systematization of experiences. Residents of the Multiprofessional Residency Program in Mental Health, Alcohol, and other Drugs from the FIOCRUZ Brasília School of Government participated, as well as an institutional clinical supervisor fellow, strengthening the municipality’s Psychosocial Care Network. Activities such as territory recognition, conversation circles, interviews, and multiprofessional teamwork were carried out to understand mental suffering valuing community knowledge and traditions. The relationship with the formal mental health network was established to implement matrix support and expand access to mental health care in communities. Center Bocaina Reis Paraty socioeconomic environmental aspects 203 Agenda diagnostic articulation activities education experiences participated fellow municipalitys municipality s Network recognition circles interviews traditions communities 20 2

Resumen: Podríamos caracterizar ambos proyectos en esta sección como “buenos vecinos”, cada uno ofreciendo espacios que trascienden sus roles institucionales y se conectan con la comunidad de manera independiente. En el Parque Nanhu, en Mengzi, China, la Librería Avant-Garde subvierte los ideales modernistas de claridad y funcionalidad de las circulaciones con un giro escheriano. Escaleras, rampas y superficies inclinadas configuran rutas múltiples y superpuestas a través del edificio, creando intercambios inesperados con su interior. La terraza pública en la cubierta y la estructura parcialmente elevada extienden los itinerarios y programas del parque al edificio, integrando asimismo la experiencia de la lectura en el paisaje que lo rodea. En Bruselas, la escasez de espacio para escuelas secundarias llevó a dos municipios vecinos de Bélgica a adquirir un edificio de oficinas y encargar su transformación en la Escuela Karreveld. El proyecto se desarrolló en dos fases: la primera conservó la estructura y priorizó la reutilización de los materiales existentes. La segunda fase introdujo dos nuevos volúmenes para acomodar funciones adicionales. Estrategicamente ubicados, los nuevos pabellones liberan el exterior para áreas de recreación vecinales. Accesos independientes permiten el uso del pabellón deportivo fuera del horario escolar, respondiendo tanto a las necesidades de la escuela como a las del barrio.

Abstract: We could characterize both projects in this section as “good neighbors,” each offering spaces that transcend their institutional roles and engage the community independently. In Nanhu Park, in Mengzi, China, the Avant-Garde Bookstore subverts modernist ideals of the clarity and functionality of circulations with an Escherian twist. Stairs, ramps, and inclined surfaces configure multiple and overlapping routes through the building, offering unexpected exchanges with its interior. The public rooftop terrace and the partially elevated structure extend the park’s public itineraries and programs into the building, and by the same token, integrate books and the act of reading into the park’s landscape. In Brussels, the shortage of space for secondary schools led two neighboring municipalities in Belgium to acquire an office building and commission its transformation into the Karreveld School. The project was developed in two phases: the first preserved the structure and prioritized the reuse of existing materials. The second phase introduced two new volumes to accommodate additional functions. Strategically placed, the new pavilions free up exterior space for neighborhood recreational areas. Independent access points allow the sports pavilion to be used outside school hours, serving the needs of the school and the neighborhood.

Resumen: La educación no debe estar confinada a los centros urbanos ni diseñada únicamente para grandes públicos. Los proyectos en esta sección evidencian la escasez de instalaciones educativas fuera de las grandes concentraciones urbanas, un problema significativo en América Latina. Las cuatro escuelas en la Araucanía, al sur de Chile, acogen a pequeños grupos de estudiantes de diferentes edades y de entornos rurales, muchos de los cuales viajan varios kilómetros para asistir a clases. Juntas, ofrecen una exploración tipológica donde pasillos o halls se transforman en animados interiores multipropósito. Su materialidad, dimensiones y emplazamiento estratégico les permiten funcionar como patios de recreo, comedores, aulas y espacios para reuniones públicas, sirviendo a profesores, estudiantes y la comunidad en general. El Bosque Learning Center en La Barra, Uruguay, es una iniciativa de una organización sin fines de lucro ante la falta de espacios culturales y de aprendizaje en este enclave costero. Como un espacio para la reunión social y cultural, el edificio posiciona el bosque en el corazón de la experiencia de aprendizaje. Las salas circulares translúcidas, construidas con materiales simples, y a la larga desmontables, alojan espacios para talleres y clases. Organizadas alrededor de un espacio social de mayor tamaño, se abren y cierran al bosque circundante. El diseño fomenta una conexión visual y sensorial con la naturaleza, enriqueciendo formas organizadas y espontáneas de aprendizaje en y desde el bosque.

Abstract: Education should not be confined to urban centers or designed solely for mass publics. The projects in this section highlight the critical shortage of educational facilities outside large urban areas, a significant issue across Latin America. The four schools in Araucanía, in the south of Chile, accomodate small groups of students of various ages from rural backgrounds, who often travel several miles to attend classes. Each school doubles as a communal center. Presented together they offer a typological exploration to transform halls or distribution spaces into lively indoor patios and multipurpose interiors. The materiality, dimensions, and thoughtful placement allow these spaces to function as playgrounds, cafeterias, classrooms, and venues for public gatherings, serving teachers, students and the broader community. Bosque Learning Center in La Barra, Uruguay, is a self-organized response from a non-profit organization to the lack of cultural and learning spaces in this seaside enclave. As a space for social and cultural gathering, the building places the forest at the heart of the learning experience. Translucent circular rooms, constructed with simple and sustainable materials, are organized around a central square space, opening and closing to the forest beyond. The design fosters a visual and perceptual connection with nature, enhancing organized and spontaneous forms of learning in, and from the forest.

Resumen: La educación no debe estar confinada a los centros urbanos ni diseñada únicamente para grandes públicos. Los proyectos en esta sección evidencian la escasez de instalaciones educativas fuera de las grandes concentraciones urbanas, un problema significativo en América Latina. Las cuatro escuelas en la Araucanía, al sur de Chile, acogen a pequeños grupos de estudiantes de diferentes edades y de entornos rurales, muchos de los cuales viajan varios kilómetros para asistir a clases. Juntas, ofrecen una exploración tipológica donde pasillos o halls se transforman en animados interiores multipropósito. Su materialidad, dimensiones y emplazamiento estratégico les permiten funcionar como patios de recreo, comedores, aulas y espacios para reuniones públicas, sirviendo a profesores, estudiantes y la comunidad en general. El Bosque Learning Center en La Barra, Uruguay, es una iniciativa de una organización sin fines de lucro ante la falta de espacios culturales y de aprendizaje en este enclave costero. Como un espacio para la reunión social y cultural, el edificio posiciona el bosque en el corazón de la experiencia de aprendizaje. Las salas circulares translúcidas, construidas con materiales simples, y a la larga desmontables, alojan espacios para talleres y clases. Organizadas alrededor de un espacio social de mayor tamaño, se abren y cierran al bosque circundante. El diseño fomenta una conexión visual y sensorial con la naturaleza, enriqueciendo formas organizadas y espontáneas de aprendizaje en y desde el bosque.

Abstract: Education should not be confined to urban centers or designed solely for mass publics. The projects in this section highlight the critical shortage of educational facilities outside large urban areas, a significant issue across Latin America. The four schools in Araucanía, in the south of Chile, accomodate small groups of students of various ages from rural backgrounds, who often travel several miles to attend classes. Each school doubles as a communal center. Presented together they offer a typological exploration to transform halls or distribution spaces into lively indoor patios and multipurpose interiors. The materiality, dimensions, and thoughtful placement allow these spaces to function as playgrounds, cafeterias, classrooms, and venues for public gatherings, serving teachers, students and the broader community. Bosque Learning Center in La Barra, Uruguay, is a self-organized response from a non-profit organization to the lack of cultural and learning spaces in this seaside enclave. As a space for social and cultural gathering, the building places the forest at the heart of the learning experience. Translucent circular rooms, constructed with simple and sustainable materials, are organized around a central square space, opening and closing to the forest beyond. The design fosters a visual and perceptual connection with nature, enhancing organized and spontaneous forms of learning in, and from the forest.

Resumen: Podemos conceptualizar un programa educativo de gran escala (como una escuela o universidad) como una pequeña ciudad, pero ¿cuál es la impronta urbana de una institución educativa? Los proyectos en esta sección ofrecen respuestas basadas en estrategias y contextos urbanos distintos. El Centro Cívico de la Universidad de Los Andes representa la primera fase de un ambicioso proyecto para abrir una manzana en el denso distrito histórico de La Candelaria en Bogotá, Colombia. Para llevarlo a cabo, los arquitectos proponen multiplicar y conectar niveles: pasajes y patios articulan el programa universitario con nuevos itinerarios y vistas a lo largo de la manzana. Esta porosidad se evidencia en la sección, revelando la densa y pensada capa de conexiones dentro y alrededor del nuevo edificio. En contraste, Chamisero, un enclave suburbano de estratos socioeconómicos altos en Santiago, Chile, se caracteriza por su clima seco y vegetación árida. Los arquitectos del colegio Alianza Francesa Antoine de Saint-Exupéry internalizaron ingeniosamente este paisaje y la ubicación del sitio en una ladera. Una serie de patios, algunos excavados y otros rellenados, forman terrazas a lo largo de la pendiente que permiten organizar las aulas en “barrios” de diferentes tamaños y programas. La imponente fachada de dos pisos hacia la avenida principal es testimonio de la demanda de una imagen institucional memorable, característica de la educación privada en Chile (y más allá). Sin embargo, la imagen más perdurable es la operación topográfica, especialmente vista desde la fachada trasera. Casi completamente incrustado en la ladera, el edificio ofrece a sus vecinos vistas despejadas hacia las colinas, cercanas y lejanas, que conforman el paisaje de este suburbio.

Abstract: We can conceptualize a large educational program like a school or university as a small city, but what is the urban imprint of an educational institution? Both projects in this section offer answers rooted in distinct urban strategies and contexts. The Universidad de Los Andes Civic Center is the first phase of an ambitious project to open up a block in Bogotá’s dense historic district of La Candelaria in Colombia. To achieve this, the architects propose multiplying and connecting floors: passageways and patios articulate the university program with new itineraries and vistas across the block. This porosity is perhaps more evident in section, revealing the thoughtful and dense layering of spaces within and around the new building. In contrast, Chamisero, a wealthy suburban enclave in Santiago de Chile, is defined by its dry climate and arid vegetation. The architects of the Alianza Francesa Antoine de Saint-Exupéry school ingeniously internalized this landscape and the plot’s foothill location. They crafted a series of patios, some excavated and others filled-in, creating terraces along the slope that organize classrooms into “neighborhoods” of varying sizes and programs. The building’s imposing two-floor facade towards the main avenue stands as a testimony of the demand for a memorable institutional image that is a trait of private education in Chile (and beyond). Yet, the image that endures is the overall topographic operation. Almost fully embedded in the hillside, the building offers its neighbors unobstructed views of the hills, near and far, that define the landscape of this suburb.

Resumen: Podemos conceptualizar un programa educativo de gran escala (como una escuela o universidad) como una pequeña ciudad, pero ¿cuál es la impronta urbana de una institución educativa? Los proyectos en esta sección ofrecen respuestas basadas en estrategias y contextos urbanos distintos. El Centro Cívico de la Universidad de Los Andes representa la primera fase de un ambicioso proyecto para abrir una manzana en el denso distrito histórico de La Candelaria en Bogotá, Colombia. Para llevarlo a cabo, los arquitectos proponen multiplicar y conectar niveles: pasajes y patios articulan el programa universitario con nuevos itinerarios y vistas a lo largo de la manzana. Esta porosidad se evidencia en la sección, revelando la densa y pensada capa de conexiones dentro y alrededor del nuevo edificio. En contraste, Chamisero, un enclave suburbano de estratos socioeconómicos altos en Santiago, Chile, se caracteriza por su clima seco y vegetación árida. Los arquitectos del colegio Alianza Francesa Antoine de Saint-Exupéry internalizaron ingeniosamente este paisaje y la ubicación del sitio en una ladera. Una serie de patios, algunos excavados y otros rellenados, forman terrazas a lo largo de la pendiente que permiten organizar las aulas en “barrios” de diferentes tamaños y programas. La imponente fachada de dos pisos hacia la avenida principal es testimonio de la demanda de una imagen institucional memorable, característica de la educación privada en Chile (y más allá). Sin embargo, la imagen más perdurable es la operación topográfica, especialmente vista desde la fachada trasera. Casi completamente incrustado en la ladera, el edificio ofrece a sus vecinos vistas despejadas hacia las colinas, cercanas y lejanas, que conforman el paisaje de este suburbio.

Abstract: We can conceptualize a large educational program like a school or university as a small city, but what is the urban imprint of an educational institution? Both projects in this section offer answers rooted in distinct urban strategies and contexts. The Universidad de Los Andes Civic Center is the first phase of an ambitious project to open up a block in Bogotá’s dense historic district of La Candelaria in Colombia. To achieve this, the architects propose multiplying and connecting floors: passageways and patios articulate the university program with new itineraries and vistas across the block. This porosity is perhaps more evident in section, revealing the thoughtful and dense layering of spaces within and around the new building. In contrast, Chamisero, a wealthy suburban enclave in Santiago de Chile, is defined by its dry climate and arid vegetation. The architects of the Alianza Francesa Antoine de Saint-Exupéry school ingeniously internalized this landscape and the plot’s foothill location. They crafted a series of patios, some excavated and others filled-in, creating terraces along the slope that organize classrooms into “neighborhoods” of varying sizes and programs. The building’s imposing two-floor facade towards the main avenue stands as a testimony of the demand for a memorable institutional image that is a trait of private education in Chile (and beyond). Yet, the image that endures is the overall topographic operation. Almost fully embedded in the hillside, the building offers its neighbors unobstructed views of the hills, near and far, that define the landscape of this suburb.

Abstract This research arises from the Final Graduation Project to opt for the Bachelor's degree in Teaching Social Studies and Civic Education at the University of Costa Rica. This seeks to describe the role of Human Rights Education in the imprisonment experience of ninth-year incarcerated students based on the knowledge of their rights, duties and norms, in the Reynaldo Villalobos Zúñiga Comprehensive Care Unit, in Alajuela, Costa Rica, during the 2021-2022 school year. For this, a qualitative approach of exploratory scope is carried out through the use of the in-depth interview information collection technique, with three students from the Integrated Center for Adult Education (CINDEA), located within the Reynaldo Villalobos Zúñiga penitentiary center. The main results show the positive impact of human rights education for the student deprived of liberty, promoting the development of theoretical and coexistence tools, development of values and attitudes in the search for the defense of their rights, healthy coexistence and skills to reintegration process. It is concluded that the role of the EDH has been notably positive since it promotes a critical position towards respect for rights within the penal center.

Resumen La presente investigación surge a partir del Trabajo Final de Graduación para optar por el grado de Licenciatura en la Enseñanza de los Estudios Sociales y la Educación Cívica en la Universidad de Costa Rica. En este se busca describir el papel de la Educación en Derechos Humanos en la experiencia en reclusión de estudiantes privados de libertad de noveno año, a partir del conocimiento de sus derechos, deberes y normas, en la Unidad de Atención Integral Reynaldo Villalobos Zúñiga, en Alajuela, Costa Rica, durante el ciclo lectivo 2021- 2022. Para esto, se realiza un abordaje desde lo cualitativo de alcance exploratorio mediante la utilización de la técnica de recolección de información de entrevista a profundidad con tres estudiantes del Centro Integrado de Educación para Adultos (CINDEA), ubicado dentro del centro penitenciario Reynaldo Villalobos Zúñiga. Los principales resultados evidencian el impacto positivo de la educación en derechos humanos para el estudiante privado de libertad, al promover el desarrollo de herramientas teóricas y de convivencias, desarrollo de valores y actitudes en la búsqueda de la defensa de sus derechos, convivencia sana y habilidades para proceso de reinserción. Se concluye que el papel de la EDH ha sido positivo de manera notable ya que promueve un posicionamiento crítico hacia el respeto de los derechos dentro del centro penal.

Abstract The text is based on a round table held at the Faculty of Education (FE) of the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) as one of the activities to commemorate Paulo Freire’s Centenary (2021). It aims to record part of his time at the university, from 1980 to 1991, based on the work conducted with FE and the Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM) through training and extension activities at the Paulínia-SP School Health Center. It also describes and analyses the agendas of the country’s re-democratization process, the clashes over public policies in the National Constituent Assembly, and the process of setting up an integrated and universal system of education and collective public health from a participatory perspective. (FE Unicamp (Unicamp Freires Freire s 2021. 2021 . (2021) university 198 1991 FCM (FCM PaulíniaSP Paulínia SP Center countrys country redemocratization re democratization Assembly perspective 202 (2021 19 199 20 (202 1 2 (20 (2 (

Resumo O texto desenvolve-se a partir de uma mesa redonda realizada na Faculdade de Educação (FE) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), como uma das atividades de comemorações do Centenário de Paulo Freire (2021). Objetiva registrar parte da sua passagem por essa universidade, nos anos de 1980 a 1991, a partir do trabalho realizado com a FE e Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM) por meio de atividades de formação e extensão no Centro de Saúde Escola de Paulínia-SP. Descreve e analisa as pautas do processo de redemocratização do país, os embates em torno das políticas públicas na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte e o processo de constituição de um sistema integrado e universal de educação e saúde pública coletiva a partir de uma perspectiva participativa. desenvolvese desenvolve se (FE Unicamp, Unicamp , (Unicamp) 2021. 2021 . (2021) universidade 198 1991 FCM (FCM PaulíniaSP. PaulíniaSP Paulínia SP. SP Paulínia-SP país participativa (Unicamp 202 (2021 19 199 20 (202 1 2 (20 (2 (

Resumo O texto desenvolve-se a partir de uma mesa redonda realizada na Faculdade de Educação (FE) da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), como uma das atividades de comemorações do Centenário de Paulo Freire (2021). Objetiva registrar parte da sua passagem por essa universidade, nos anos de 1980 a 1991, a partir do trabalho realizado com a FE e Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM) por meio de atividades de formação e extensão no Centro de Saúde Escola de Paulínia-SP. Descreve e analisa as pautas do processo de redemocratização do país, os embates em torno das políticas públicas na Assembleia Nacional Constituinte e o processo de constituição de um sistema integrado e universal de educação e saúde pública coletiva a partir de uma perspectiva participativa.

Abstract The text is based on a round table held at the Faculty of Education (FE) of the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) as one of the activities to commemorate Paulo Freire’s Centenary (2021). It aims to record part of his time at the university, from 1980 to 1991, based on the work conducted with FE and the Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM) through training and extension activities at the Paulínia-SP School Health Center. It also describes and analyses the agendas of the country’s re-democratization process, the clashes over public policies in the National Constituent Assembly, and the process of setting up an integrated and universal system of education and collective public health from a participatory perspective.

RESUMEN Introducción: Actualmente existe un aumento en el uso del pirsin orofacial en adolescentes, sobre todo atribuible a la popularidad de la perforación por muchos iconos del momento. Objetivo: Identificar las alteraciones orofaciales asociadas al uso del pirsin en adolescentes del preuniversitario Tony Alomá. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 1 071 adolescentes matriculados en dicho centro escolar, durante el curso 2020-2021. Las variables analizadas fueron portador del pirsin, sexo, causas que motivaron la colocación del pirsin, hábitos nocivos o tóxicos, apoyo de los tutores legales, tipo de pirsin, localización, momento en que aparecieron las alteraciones orofaciales; alteraciones orofaciales locales y funcionales. Resultados: Se halló que por cada 100 escolares, 6 llevaban pirsin y 76,8 % eran féminas. Las localizaciones intrabucales predominaron en la lengua (50,0 %) y los frenillos labiales (41,7 %). Se identificaron alteraciones orofaciales locales, tales como las lesiones en piel (38,3 %) y vasculares (36,7 %), así como la sialorrea (31,7 %). Los problemas funcionales estuvieron representados por trastornos del habla (21,7 %). Conclusiones: La frecuencia de adolescentes con pirsin fue baja, aunque los más utilizados, al ser intrabucales, provocaron lesiones en piel y vasculares, sialorrea y trastornos del habla.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Currently, there is an increase in the use of orofacial piercing in adolescents, especially attributable to the popularity of piercing by many icons of the moment. Objective: To identify the orofacial changes associated with the use of piercing in adolescents from Tony Alomá high school. Method: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on 1 071 adolescents registered in this school center during the 2020-2021 academic year. The analyzed variables were: wearer of the piercing, sex, causes that motivated the use of piercing, harmful or toxic habits, legal tutors' support, piercing type, localization, moment in which the orofacial changes appeared; local and functional orofacial changes. Results: It was found that for every 100 schoolchildren, six had piercing and 76.8 % were female. Intraoral locations predominated on the tongue (50.0 %) and labial frenums (41.7 %). Local orofacial changes were identified, such as the skin (38.3 %) and vascular (36.7 %) lesions, as well as sialorrhea (31.7 %). The functional problems were represented by speech disorders (21.7 %). Conclusions: The frequency of adolescents with piercing was low, although the most commonly used ones, being intraoral, caused skin and vascular lesions, sialorrhea and speech disorders.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud primario conforman estructuras sociales que agravan la situación de salud de los adolescentes, impactando negativamente en el ejercicio pleno de la salud sexual reproductiva, situando a los adolescentes en una población de riesgo social. Objetivo: Determinar las barreras en el acceso a los servicios primarios de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva de atención diferenciada a los adolescentes del Centro de Salud I - 4 Pampa Grande Tumbes 2018. Metodología: Estudio analítico de caso control, se entrevistaron a 288 adolescentes del tercero, cuarto y quinto de secundaria de la institución educativa pública Túpac Amaru del centro poblado Pampa Grande de Tumbes en el año 2019, entre experimento y control con una razón de 1 a 1. Se aplicaron cuestionarios anónimos para evaluar las barreras de accesibilidad a los servicios primarios de salud. Se recogieron variables: características sociodemográficas y culturales que son consideradas, como barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial con el programa SPSS® v.23. Resultados: La edad, sexo e ingreso económico están directa y significativamente relacionadas con la accesibilidad a los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva (p<0.01 IC 95 %); La disposición de recursos económicos para asumir los costos de traslado al centro de salud (OR = 4,23); la utilización del transporte público (OR = 1,58), el conocimiento de los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva (OR = 1,15) incrementan la probabilidad de acceder a los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva de los adolescentes. Discusión: Las barreras socioeconómicas a los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva de los adolescentes son modificables y dependen de la gestión en salud pública.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The barriers to access to primary health services make up social structures that aggravate the health situation of adolescents, negatively impacting the full exercise of reproductive sexual health, placing adolescents in a population at social risk. Objective: To determine the barriers in the access to the primary services of Sexual and Reproductive Health of differentiated attention to the adolescents of the Health Center I - 4 Pampa Grande Tumbes 2018. Methods: Analytical case control study, 288 adolescents from the third, fourth and fifth grade of secondary school of the public educational institution Túpac Amaru in the Pampa Grande de Tumbes town center were interviewed in 2019, between experiment and control with a ratio of 1 to 1. Anonymous questionnaires were applied to assess accessibility barriers to primary health services. Variables were collected: sociodemographic and cultural characteristics that are considered as barriers to access to health services. A descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out with the SPSS® v.23 program. Results: Age, sex and economic income are directly and significantly related to accessibility to sexual and reproductive health services (p<0.01 95% CI); The availability of economic resources to assume the costs of transportation to the health center (OR = 4.23); the use of public transport (OR = 1.58), knowledge of sexual and reproductive health services (OR = 1.15) increase the probability of accessing sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents. Discussion: Socioeconomic barriers to sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents are modifiable and depend on public health management.