Abstract (Introduction): Vinasse is generated as a residue in the production of ethanol by fermentation-distillation of molasses/sugar cane juice, at a rate of 13 L/L of ethanol. It is an acid liquid, brown in color, characterized by high mineralization and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values of up to 150 000 mg/L, being highly polluting. (Objective): The objective of this research was to evaluate a vinasse treatment process with hydrogen peroxide as a source of hydroxyl radicals at laboratory scale. (Methodology): The vinasse samples, from different distilleries in the province of Tucumán, were characterized following standardized techniques of Standard Methods. The oxidation tests were carried out with different peroxide/vinasses ratios, in a semi-batch reactor, under ambient conditions, measuring COD as an indicator parameter of the treatment. (Results): After 5 days, an 85 % decrease in COD and an increase in the Biodegradability Index were achieved. The kinetics of the oxidative reaction was first order with respect to COD, with an apparent rate constant of 0.3694 1/day. (Conclusions): Although the COD values allowed by local regulations (250 mg/L) were not reached, the proposed treatment is encouraging due to its simplicity, representing a potential option to the environmental challenge represented by vinaze in Latin America.

Resumen (Introducción): La vinaza se genera como residuo en la producción de etanol por fermentación-destilación de melazas/jugos de caña de azúcar, a razón de 13 L/L de etanol. Es un efluente líquido, ácido caracterizado por una elevada mineralización y valores de demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) de hasta 150 000 mg/L, siendo altamente contaminante. (Objetivo): Ealuar un proceso de tratamiento de vinazas con peróxido de hidrógeno, como fuente de radicales hidroxilos, en escala laboratorio. (Metodología): Las muestras de vinazas, de destilerías de la provincia de Tucumán, se caracterizaron según técnicas normalizadas de Standard Methods. Los ensayos de oxidación se realizaron con distintas relaciones de peróxido/vinaza, en un reactor semibatch, en condiciones ambientales, midiendo DQO como parámetro indicador del tratamiento. (Resultados): Al cabo de cinco días se logró una disminución de DQO del 85 % y un aumento del Índice de Biodegradabilidad. La cinética de la reacción oxidativa fue de primer orden respecto de DQO, con una constante aparente de velocidad de 0.3694 1/día. (Conclusiones): Si bien no se lograron los valores de DQO permitidos por la normativa local (250 mg/L), el tratamiento propuesto es alentador por su simpleza, representando una opción potencial al desafío ambiental que representan las vinazas en América Latina.

Abstract (Introduction): The search for techniques and methods for managing sludge generated during wastewater treatment is necessary to ensure sustainable sanitation in the medium term in Latin America. An interesting approach involves converting sludge into a biosolid usable in agriculture through alkaline sanitization. (Objective): We evaluated this technique’s efficacy and economic and environmental viability for obtaining an agriculturally usable type A biosolid from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) sludge. (Methodology): To this end, the efficacy in reducing microbiological parameters was experimentally tested at the laboratory scale using quicklime, for anaerobic and aerobic WWTP sludge. The experimental results fed a benefit/cost analysis model and a life cycle assessment. (Results): It was confirmed that applying a 40 % lime dose allowed the obtention of a type A biosolid with non-detectable concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms, which remained in that condition for more than 30 days. Additionally, the benefit/cost and life cycle analyses concluded that this option would be more attractive than sludge disposal in a landfill, due to the corresponding savings in chemical compounds (fertilizers, agricultural lime). (Conclusions): Therefore, alkaline sanitization can be considered suitable for WWTP sludge management. Its application on a larger scale should be further investigated in the country and the Latin-American region, considering the risk associated to the presence of heavy metals too.

Resumen (Introducción): La búsqueda de técnicas y modelos de gestión del lodo generado durante el tratamiento de las aguas residuales es necesaria para garantizar un saneamiento sostenible a mediano plazo en América Latina. Una vía interesante consiste en convertir el lodo en un biosólido aprovechable en la agricultura por medio de la higienización alcalina. (Objetivo): Se evaluó la eficacia y la viabilidad económica y ambiental de esta técnica para la obtención de un biosólido tipo A aprovechable en la agricultura a partir de lodo de planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR) ordinaria. (Metodología): Para ello se probó experimentalmente en escala de laboratorio la eficacia en el decaimiento de parámetros microbiológicos higienizados con cal viva, usando lodo anaeróbico y aeróbico de PTAR. Los resultados experimentales alimentaron un modelo de análisis de beneficio/costo y de ciclo de vida. (Resultados): Pudo corroborarse que la aplicación de dosis de cal de 40 % permitió obtener un biosólido tipo A con concentraciones de microorganismos patógenos no detectables, lo cual se mantuvo en esa condición por más de 30 días. Además, el análisis de beneficio/costo y de ciclo de vida permitieron concluir que esta opción sería más atractiva que la disposición del lodo en un relleno sanitario, debido al ahorro correspondiente en compuestos químicos (fertilizantes o cal agrícola) derivado de su aprovechamiento. (Conclusiones): Por lo tanto, la técnica de higienización alcalina puede considerarse como adecuada para la gestión del lodo de PTAR y su aplicación a mayor escala debe investigarse en mayor detalle en el país y la región latinoamericana, considerando también el riesgo de presencia de metales pesados en este subproducto.

In this work, a miniaturized version of the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was optimized, validated, and applied for extracting eight pesticide residues in anuran liver tissue samples. The extracts were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, and the detected residues in liver tissue samples were identified by tandem mass spectrometry-liquid chromatography. The optimized extraction method entailed the scale reduction of the QuEChERS method twenty times using 500 mg of liver tissue sample, 200 mg Mg2SO4, 50 mg NaCl, 1.5 mL of acetonitrile, and a mixture of 25 mg C18 + 25 mg PSA (primary-secondary amine) as dispersive solid-phase extraction sorbent. The method was validated using liver tissue samples spiked at two levels of pesticide concentrations according to the SANTE/11312/2021 document. Recoveries ranged from 91-110% with a relative standard deviation < 20%. The method robustness assessed by the Steiner and Youden test resulted in recovery rate variations of less than 2% for all pesticides after deliberated changes in seven variables. The validated method was applied to 72 liver tissue samples from two anuran species, registering residues of some pesticides in 31 samples. The proposed method proved to be efficient, precise, and robust for determining pesticide residues in anuran liver tissues. work quick, quick (quick easy cheap effective rugged safe highperformance high performance detection spectrometryliquid spectrometry sample 20 Mg2SO4 MgSO Mg SO 5 NaCl 15 1 1. acetonitrile 2 C C1 primarysecondary primary secondary amine solidphase solid phase sorbent SANTE113122021 SANTE 11312 2021 SANTE/11312/202 document 91110% 91110 91 110% 110 91-110 20% variables 7 species 3 efficient precise tissues Mg2SO SANTE11312202 1131 202 SANTE/11312/20 9111 9 11 91-11 SANTE1131220 113 SANTE/11312/2 911 91-1 SANTE113122 SANTE/11312/ 91- SANTE11312 SANTE/11312 SANTE1131 SANTE/1131 SANTE113 SANTE/113 SANTE11 SANTE/11 SANTE1 SANTE/1 SANTE/

ABSTRACT Proper waste management is a major worldwide concern; waste is disposed of directly into the environment, affecting water, soil and air quality. The development and production of green energy sources is strongly encouraged in modern society. The aim of this study, in accordance with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1, 2 and 7 of the 2030 Agenda of the UN, is to combine the correct disposal of animal waste with the generation of energy to mitigate the energy insecurity of families in an extremely vulnerable semi-arid region in the north-east of the country using biodigesters. To this end, a conceptual proposal was drawn up for a low-cost, easy-to-maintain and easy-to-use biodigester. A small-scale prototype was used to assess its operation by evaluating the main factors that affect biogas production (pH, temperature and the biomass properties: total solids, fixed solids, volatile solids, concentration of volatile fatty acids and C/N ratio). Evaluation of the test prototype gave satisfactory results that corroborate other studies and make it possible to propose an economically viable and efficient full-scale biodigester for biogas production. concern environment water quality society study SDGs (SDGs 1 203 UN semiarid semi arid northeast north east biodigesters end lowcost, lowcost low cost, cost low-cost easytomaintain easy maintain easytouse use smallscale small scale pH, pH (pH properties solids CN C N ratio. ratio . ratio) fullscale full 20

This paper presents the stages of an acceleration program focused on chemical technologies. We demonstrate how this initiative contributes to the creation of new businesses, startups, and technology licensing from research developed at Brazilian universities. The case of the program Escale-se is discussed. There were 66 technologies submitted, and 14 were selected for the pre-acceleration phase. In this phase, various contents were worked on, such as creating a business model and aspects of scaling hard-science technologies. Teams were evaluated by panels with market specialists, and 6 were selected for the second phase: pre-scaling/proof of concept. Here, proponents were encouraged to validate the business model by connecting with potential clients and partners, as well as planning the development and testing of the product in a relevant environment. Finally, one team was classified for the last stage: scaling/go-to-market - where they received R$ 100,000.00 to scale up their technology and create strategies for raising investments. Four of the fourteen technologies selected for the program opened National Register of Legal Entities (CNPJ) and raised approximately R$ 4.5 M in investments from different sources. These results demonstrate that the methodology contributed to the entrepreneurial development of participating researchers and the raising of funds for the businesses created. startups universities Escalese Escale se discussed submitted 1 preacceleration pre phase hardscience hard science specialists prescaling/proof prescalingproof scaling/proof proof concept Here partners environment Finally stage scaling/gotomarket scalinggotomarket scaling/go go R 10000000 100 000 00 100,000.0 CNPJ (CNPJ 45 4 5 4. sources created prescaling scalingproof gotomarket scalinggo 1000000 10 0 100,000. 100000 100,000 10000 100,00 1000 100,0 100,

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a correlação entre a religiosidade e o uso de álcool em adolescentes com fissura orofacial. Métodos: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido em um hospital público e terciário brasileiro entre dezembro de 2021 e março de 2022. A coleta de dados foi híbrida, e foram utilizados três instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Escala de Religiosidade de Durel e o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Para a análise estatística foram empregados os testes: qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher, Mann-Whitney e o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, além das análises de forças de correlação linear e de regressão logística bivariada. O nível de significância adotado para todos os testes foi de 5% (p≤0,05). Resultados: Participaram 370 adolescentes, com média de idade de 15,2 anos (±1,8). Entre eles, 23 (5,4%) usavam o álcool de forma arriscada ou prejudicial. A religiosidade organizacional, não organizacional e a intrínseca foram significativamente menos frequentes entre adolescentes que utilizavam o álcool de forma arriscada ou prejudicial (p=0,005; p<0,001 e p=0,002, respectivamente). Evidenciou-se correlação moderada entre o uso arriscado ou prejudicial do álcool e a religiosidade não organizacional (r=0,31; p=0,002) e a intrínseca (r=0,36; p<0,001). Apresentaram maiores chances de usar o álcool adolescentes do sexo masculino (p<0,001; odds ratio — OR=6,58), com idade mais próxima aos 18 anos (p<0,001; OR=1,37) e que não praticavam a religião (p<0,001; OR=6,48). Conclusões: Adolescentes com maiores níveis de religiosidade organizacional e intrínseca utilizaram menos frequentemente álcool de forma arriscada ou prejudicial, enquanto ser homem, possuir idade mais próxima aos 18 anos e não praticar a religião aumentou a chance de utilizar álcool. Objetivo orofacial Métodos transversal 202 2022 híbrida instrumentos Sociodemográfico Test quiquadrado, quiquadrado qui quadrado, quadrado qui-quadrado Fisher MannWhitney Mann Whitney Spearman bivariada 5 p≤0,05. p005 p p≤0,05 . 0 05 (p≤0,05) Resultados 37 152 15 2 15, ±1,8. ±1,8 1 8 (±1,8) eles 5,4% 54 4 (5,4% p=0,005 p0005 005 (p=0,005 p0001 001 p<0,00 p0002 002 p=0,002 respectivamente. respectivamente respectivamente) Evidenciouse Evidenciou se r=0,31 r031 r 31 (r=0,31 r=0,36 r036 36 (r=0,36 p<0,001. p<0,001) (p<0,001 OR=6,58, OR658 OR OR=6,58 , 6 58 OR=6,58) OR=1,37 OR137 OR=6,48. OR648 OR=6,48 48 OR=6,48) Conclusões homem 20 p00 p≤0,0 (p≤0,05 3 ±1, (±1,8 5,4 (5,4 p=0,00 p000 00 (p=0,00 p<0,0 r=0,3 r03 (r=0,3 (p<0,00 OR65 OR=6,5 OR=1,3 OR13 OR64 OR=6,4 p0 p≤0, (p≤0,0 ±1 (±1, 5, (5, p=0,0 (p=0,0 p<0, r=0, r0 (r=0, (p<0,0 OR6 OR=6, OR=1, OR1 p≤0 (p≤0, ± (±1 (5 p=0, (p=0, p<0 r=0 (r=0 (p<0, OR=6 OR=1 p≤ (p≤0 (± ( p=0 (p=0 p< r= (r= (p<0 OR= (p≤ p= (p= (r (p< (p

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the correlation between religiosity and alcohol use among adolescents with orofacial clefts. Methods: Cross-sectional study, developed in a Brazilian public and tertiary hospital, between December 2021 and March 2022. Data collection was hybrid, and three instruments were used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Durel Religiosity Scale, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. For statistical analysis, the following tests were used: χ2, Fisher’s Exact, Mann-Whitney and Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient, in addition to analyses of linear correlation strength and bivariate logistic regression. The significance level adopted for all tests was 5% (p≤0.05). Results: 370 adolescents participated, with a mean age of 15.2 years (±1.8). Among them, 23 (5.4%) used alcohol riskly or harmfully, being more frequent among male adolescents (p=0.001), those of mixed race (p=0.046), attending high school (p=0.011), with no religion (p<0.001), or who did not attend religious services (p<0.001). Levels of organizational, non-organizational and intrinsic religiosity were significantly lower among adolescents with risky or harmful alcohol use (p=0.005; p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). There was a moderate correlation between risky or harmful alcohol use and non-organizational (r=0.31; p=0.002) and intrinsic (r=0.36; p<0.001) religiosity. Male adolescents (p<0.001; OR=6.58), closest in age to 18 years (p<0.001; OR=1.37), and non-practitioners of religion (p<0.001; OR=6. 48) presented higher odds of risky or harmful alcohol use. Conclusions: Adolescents with higher levels of organizational and intrinsic religiosity used less alcohol, while males, closest in age to 18 years, and non-practitioners of religion presented higher odds of using alcohol riskly or harmfully. Objective clefts Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional study hospital 202 2022 hybrid Questionnaire Scale Test analysis χ2 χ Fishers Fisher s Exact MannWhitney Mann Whitney Spearmans Spearman Coefficient regression 5 p≤0.05. p005 p p≤0.05 . 0 05 (p≤0.05) Results 37 participated 152 15 2 15. ±1.8. ±1.8 1 8 (±1.8) them 5.4% 54 4 (5.4% harmfully p=0.001, p0001 p=0.001 , 001 (p=0.001) p=0.046, p0046 p=0.046 046 (p=0.046) p=0.011, p0011 p=0.011 011 (p=0.011) p<0.001, (p<0.001) p<0.001. nonorganizational non p=0.005 p0005 005 (p=0.005 p<0.00 p0002 002 p=0.002 respectively. respectively respectively) r=0.31 r031 r 31 (r=0.31 r=0.36 r036 36 (r=0.36 (p<0.001 OR=6.58, OR658 OR OR=6.58 6 58 OR=6.58) OR=1.37, OR137 OR=1.37 OR=1.37) nonpractitioners practitioners OR6 OR=6 48 Conclusions males 20 p00 p≤0.0 (p≤0.05 3 ±1. (±1.8 5.4 (5.4 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.001 p004 p=0.04 04 (p=0.046 p001 p=0.01 01 (p=0.011 (p=0.00 p<0.0 r=0.3 r03 (r=0.3 (p<0.00 OR65 OR=6.5 OR13 OR=1.3 OR= p0 p≤0. (p≤0.0 ±1 (±1. 5. (5. p=0.0 (p=0.04 (p=0.01 (p=0.0 p<0. r=0. r0 (r=0. (p<0.0 OR1 OR=1. p≤0 (p≤0. ± (±1 (5 p=0. (p=0. p<0 r=0 (r=0 (p<0. OR=1 p≤ (p≤0 (± ( p=0 (p=0 p< r= (r= (p<0 (p≤ p= (p= (r (p< (p

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a participação em exercícios físicos relacionados ao fitness (EFRF) e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal (IIC) em adolescentes e avaliar a interação entre os exercícios físicos e o estado nutricional nesta associação. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em 2015 com 799 adolescentes (10 a 16 anos) de 14 escolas públicas de Curitiba (PR), Brasil. A IIC foi avaliada por meio do Body Shape Questionnaire e da Escala de Silhuetas. A participação em EFRF foi avaliada pelo Questionário de Atividade Física para Adolescentes e classificada em “não pratica”, “pratica ≤300 minutos/semana” e “pratica >300 minutos/semana”. As regressões de Poisson e logística multinomial, ajustadas por sexo, maturação sexual e estado nutricional, analisaram a associação entre EFRF e IIC. Resultados: A prevalência de IIC foi de 28,3%; 52,4% dos adolescentes queriam reduzir a silhueta e 48,7% não praticavam a EFRF. Adolescentes que praticavam EFRF >300 minutos/semana tiveram prevalência 28% maior para algum nível de IIC (razão de prevalência — RP 1,28; intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 1,08–1,52) e chance 46% menor de querer reduzir silhuetas (OR 0,54; 95IC% 0,35–0,82), comparados aos não praticantes. Não houve interação entre os EFRF e o estado nutricional na associação com IIC. Conclusões: Os adolescentes que praticam EFRF >300 minutos/semana estão mais propensos a apresentar algum nível de IIC e têm menores chances de reportar o desejo de aumentar silhuetas, independentemente do estado nutricional. Objetivo (EFRF (IIC Métodos 201 79 10 (1 1 anos PR, PR , (PR) Brasil Silhuetas pratica, pratica pratica” 300 ≤30 minutossemana minutos semana >30 minutos/semana. . multinomial sexo Resultados 28,3% 283 28 3 524 52 4 52,4 487 48 7 48,7 razão 1,28 128 95 IC95 IC 1,08–1,52 108152 08 46 OR 0,54 054 0 54 95IC 0,35–0,82, 035082 0,35–0,82 35 82 0,35–0,82) praticantes Conclusões 20 ( (PR 30 ≤3 >3 28,3 2 5 52, 48, 1,2 12 9 IC9 1,08–1,5 10815 0,5 05 03508 0,35–0,8 8 ≤ > 28, 1, 1,08–1, 1081 0, 0350 0,35–0, 1,08–1 108 035 0,35–0 1,08– 03 0,35– 1,08 0,35 1,0 0,3

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between participation in fitness-related exercises (FRE) and body image dissatisfaction (BID) in adolescents and evaluate the interaction between physical exercise and nutritional status in this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 involving 799 adolescents (10–16 years old) from 14 public schools in Curitiba (PR), Brazil. BID was assessed using the Body Shape Questionnaire and the Silhouette Scale. The FRE was classified as “does not practice,” “practices ≤300 min/week,” and “practices >300 min/week” by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents. Poisson and multinomial logistic regressions, adjusted for sex, sexual maturation, and nutritional status analyzed the association of FRE and BID. Results: The BID prevalence was 28.3%; 52.4% of the adolescents wanted to reduce their silhouettes; and 48.7% did not practice FRE. Adolescents who practiced FRE >300 min/week had a 28% higher prevalence for some level of BID (PR 1.28; 95%CI 1.08–1.52) and a 46% lower chance of wanting to reduce silhouettes (OR 0.54; 95%CI 0.35–0.82), compared to nonpractitioners. There was no interaction between FRE and nutritional status in association with BID. Conclusions: The adolescents who practice FRE >300 min/week are likely to have some level of BID and are less likely to report the desire to increase their silhouettes, regardless of their nutritional status. Objective fitnessrelated fitness related (FRE (BID Methods crosssectional cross sectional 201 79 10–16 1016 10 16 (10–1 old 1 PR, PR , (PR) Brazil Scale does practice, practices 300 ≤30 min/week, minweek min week >30 regressions sex maturation Results 28.3% 283 28 3 524 52 4 52.4 487 48 7 48.7 1.28 128 95CI CI 95 1.08–1.52 108152 08 46 OR 0.54 054 0 54 0.35–0.82, 035082 0.35–0.82 35 82 0.35–0.82) nonpractitioners Conclusions 20 10–1 101 (10– 30 ≤3 >3 28.3 2 5 52. 48. 1.2 12 9 1.08–1.5 10815 0.5 05 03508 0.35–0.8 8 10– (10 ≤ > 28. 1. 1.08–1. 1081 0. 0350 0.35–0. (1 1.08–1 108 035 0.35–0 ( 1.08– 03 0.35– 1.08 0.35 1.0 0.3

RESUMO O consumo de dióxido de carbono atmosférico pelo intemperismo tampona o efeito estufa na Terra em escala de tempo geológica. Esse mecanismo é chamado de sumidouro de carbono de silicato (SCS). Saprolito representa parte da frente de intemperismo do manto terrestre, mas historicamente não recebeu muita atenção dos geocientistas. Em escala global, o Brasil é o maior contribuinte para o SCS e o quarto maior contribuinte em número de publicações sobre saprolito. Neste estudo, a produção científica brasileira sobre o assunto de 1990 a 2022 foi avaliada, considerando publicações indexadas nas bases de dados Web of Science, SciELO e Scopus. Foram recuperados cento e oitenta artigos científicos. Na última década, sete artigos foram publicados por ano. Ao longo dos 32 anos considerados, o número de artigos sobre saprolito aumentou. A maioria dos estudos foi concentrada na região sudeste do Brasil, onde o estado de Minas Gerais liderou em termos de número de publicações (28,49%). As principais áreas em que os artigos foram publicados estavam relacionadas à ecologia, Terra e marinha; no entanto, foram citados por várias outras, incluindo as áreas de saúde e política. Uma comparação do número de publicações por bacia e o tamanho do SCS mostrou que havia menos estudos da Bacia Amazônica do que da Bacia do Paraná. Em conclusão, a fronteira geográfica para o estudo do saprolito no território brasileiro é a Bacia do Rio Amazonas, e a fronteira metodológica está relacionada à dinâmica de fluídos/gases e ao papel dos micróbios no intemperismo em profundidade. geológica SCS. . (SCS) terrestre geocientistas global 199 202 avaliada Science Scopus científicos década ano 3 considerados aumentou 28,49%. 2849 28,49% 28 49 (28,49%) ecologia marinha entanto outras política Paraná conclusão Amazonas fluídosgases fluídos gases profundidade (SCS 19 20 284 28,49 2 4 (28,49% 1 28,4 (28,49 28, (28,4 (28, (28 (2 (

ABSTRACT The consumption of atmospheric carbon dioxide by weathering buffers the greenhouse effect on Earth on a geological timescale. This mechanism is called the silicate carbon sink (SCS). Saprolite represents part of the weathering front of the Earth’s mantle, but historically, it has not received much attention from geoscientists. On a global scale, Brazil is the largest contributor to the SCS and the fourth largest contributor to the number of saprolite publications. In this study, Brazilian scientific production on the subject from 1990 to 2022 was assessed, considering publications indexed in the Web of Science, SciELO and Scopus databases. One hundred-eighty scientific articles were retrieved. In the last decade, seven articles were published per year. Over the 32 years under consideration, the number of articles on saprolite has increased. Most of the studies were concentrated in the southeastern region of Brazil, where the state of Minas Gerais led in terms of the number of publications (28.49%). The main areas in which the articles were published were related to ecology, Earth, and marine; however, they were cited by several others, including the areas of health and politics. A comparison of the number of publications per basin and the size of the SCS showed that there were fewer studies from the Amazon Basin than from the Paraná Basin. In conclusion, the geographical frontier for the study of saprolite in the Brazilian territory is the Amazon River Basin, and the methodological frontier is related to fluid/gas dynamics and the role of microbes in weathering at depth. timescale SCS. . (SCS) Earths s mantle historically geoscientists scale 199 202 assessed Science databases hundredeighty hundred eighty retrieved decade year 3 consideration increased 28.49%. 2849 28.49% 28 49 (28.49%) ecology marine however others politics conclusion fluidgas fluid gas depth (SCS 19 20 284 28.49 2 4 (28.49% 1 28.4 (28.49 28. (28.4 (28. (28 (2 (

RESUMO A estruvita (NH4MgPO4∙6H2O) é um fertilizante de liberação lenta obtido através da recuperação de fósforo e/ou nitrogênio de águas residuais geralmente pela adição de sais de magnésio. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade da substituição de fontes comerciais de magnésio por fontes alternativas no processo de precipitação de estruvita, em termos de remoção de amônio e fosfato, e quantificação e caracterização do cristal precipitado. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em escala de bancada sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado a pH 9,5 através da precipitação de uma solução de efluente sintético com quatro diferentes fontes de magnésio: MgCl2∙6H2O, MgSO4∙7H2O, MgO e magnesita (MgCO3). Após pré-acidificação, soluções derivadas de fontes alternativas de baixo custo de magnésio removeram acima de 55 e 90% de nitrogênio amoniacal e fosfato em solução, respectivamente, e alcançaram por volta de 10 g L-1 de cristais precipitados. A proximidade dos resultados obtidos com soluções derivadas de fontes comerciais de magnésio (46ꟷ56% de remoção de nitrogênio amoniacal, 97% de remoção de fosfato, e mais de 6 g L-1 de precipitado formado) indicou que reagentes alternativos puderam facilmente substituir os comerciais se submetidos ao prévio processo de digestão, a fim de tornar o magnésio disponível em solução. A análise qualitativa por difratometria de raios-X confirmou a presença de estruvita e newberyita na maioria dos precipitados. NH4MgPO4∙6H2O NH4MgPO46H2O NHMgPOHO NH4MgPO4 6H2O NH MgPO H O (NH4MgPO4∙6H2O eou ou sentido objetivouse objetivou 95 9 5 9, MgCl26H2O MgClHO MgCl2 MgCl MgCl2∙6H2O MgSO47H2O MgSOHO MgSO4 7H2O MgSO MgSO4∙7H2O MgCO3. MgCO3 MgCO . (MgCO3) préacidificação, préacidificação pré acidificação, acidificação pré-acidificação 90 respectivamente 1 L1 L L- precipitados 46ꟷ56% 46ꟷ56 ꟷ (46ꟷ56 97 formado digestão raiosX raios X NHMgPO NH4MgPO HO (MgCO3 46ꟷ5 (46ꟷ5 (MgCO 46ꟷ (46ꟷ

ABSTRACT Struvite (NH4MgPO4∙6H2O) is a slow-release fertilizer obtained through phosphorus and/or nitrogen recovery from wastewaters, usually by adding magnesium salts. In this sense, the aim was to evaluate the viability of replacing commercial magnesium sources with alternative ones in the struvite precipitation process regarding ammonium and phosphate removal and precipitated crystal quantification and characterization. Experiments were conducted on a bench scale in a completely randomized design at pH 9.5 by precipitation of synthetic wastewater solution with four magnesium sources: MgCl2∙6H2O, MgSO4∙7H2O, MgO, and magnesite (MgCO3). After pre-acidification, derived solutions from low-cost alternative sources of magnesium removed above 55 and 90% of ammonium nitrogen and phosphate in solution, respectively, and reached around 10 g L-1 of precipitated crystals. Results proximity obtained with solutions derived from commercial sources of magnesium (46ꟷ56% of ammonium nitrogen removal, 97% of phosphate removal, and more than 6 g L-1 of precipitate formed) indicated that alternative reagents could easily substitute commercial ones if submitted to the previous digestion process, making magnesium available in solution. Qualitative analysis by X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of both struvite and newberyite in most precipitates. NH4MgPO4∙6H2O NH4MgPO46H2O NHMgPOHO NH4MgPO4 6H2O NH MgPO H O (NH4MgPO4∙6H2O slowrelease slow release andor or wastewaters salts sense characterization 95 9 5 9. MgCl26H2O MgClHO MgCl2 MgCl MgCl2∙6H2O MgSO47H2O MgSOHO MgSO4 7H2O MgSO MgSO4∙7H2O MgO MgCO3. MgCO3 MgCO . (MgCO3) preacidification, preacidification pre acidification, acidification pre-acidification lowcost low cost 90 respectively 1 L1 L L- crystals 46ꟷ56% 46ꟷ56 ꟷ (46ꟷ56 97 formed Xray X ray precipitates NHMgPO NH4MgPO HO (MgCO3 46ꟷ5 (46ꟷ5 (MgCO 46ꟷ (46ꟷ

To control vehicle emissions, the new homologation process must be reported according to the California Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) scale’s procedure to calculate the ozone forming potential (OFP) of each new vehicle. This work calculates an MIR scale suitable for the Brazilian reality. Meteorological and hourly pollutant data from the Bangu Automatic Air Quality Station was inventoried and processed from March to September 2020 to adjust OZIPR Lagrangean model and obtain the MIR scale by making small increments in the concentrations of each volatile organic compounds (VOC) and calculate the ozone increase/decrease. It was found that the VOC that had the greatest impact on ozone formation was 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, with 2.06 ppb O3 ppbC-1 VOC. The OFP was calculated based on the VOC emissions of a vehicle and it was found a value of 9.421 mg O3 km-1, a much lower value when compared using the California MIR scale of 136.608 mg O3 km-1. It is concluded that meteorological conditions and VOC speciation data in the air mixture in the studied region directly affect the photochemical reactions of ozone formation. (MIR scales s (OFP reality 202 (VOC increasedecrease increase decrease increase/decrease 1,2,4trimethylbenzene, 124trimethylbenzene trimethylbenzene 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene, 1 2 4 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 206 06 2.0 O ppbC1 ppbC ppbC- 9421 9 421 9.42 km1, km1 km 1, km-1 136608 136 608 136.60 km1. 1. 20 4trimethylbenzene 1,2,4trimethylbenzene 124 1,2, 0 2. 942 42 9.4 km- 13660 13 60 136.6 12 1,2 94 9. 1366 6 136.

ABSTRACT Desertification is the degradation process caused by climatic conditions and human activities that results in loss of soil productivity and decline in vegetation growth in the long term. Several indices related to vegetation, soil and climate are used to monitor desertification, but few studies explore qualitative and quantitative aspects of indices on desertification on spatial and hierarchical scale. This study aims to identify and measure indices related to increased risk of desertification on global, local and hierarchical scales using multinomial logistic regression models. Images from TM, ETM+ and OLI sensor from 1997 to 2018 in the end of dry and rainy seasons were used to quantify NDVI, TGSI, albedo, temperature, aridity index, evapotranspiration and precipitation on global spatial scale (Irauçuba Centro Norte) and local spatial scale (Miraíma, Canindé, Irauçuba and Santa Quitéria). GISD was calculated by geometric mean of weighted indices and segmented into 8 classes of susceptibility to desertification (hierarchical scale). The results showed that the best models were obtained on local scale and for the end of the rainy season. Temperature proved to be the most important variable for increased risk of desertification on global, local and hierarchical scales. Therefore, the increase in the risk of desertification in the studied areas is due to human activities of deforestation, overgrazing and fire. These factors contributed to reduction of vegetation cover and increase in temperature, changing the microclimatic, which led to decline in precipitation and worsening of desertification. term TM ETM 199 201 NDVI TGSI albedo temperature index Norte Miraíma, Miraíma (Miraíma Canindé Quitéria. Quitéria . Quitéria) scale) season Therefore deforestation fire microclimatic 19 20 1 2

Efavirenz, an antiretroviral drug, is a class 2 according to the biopharmaceutics classification system. Many dissolution enhancement systems have been tried and our group had success using wet milling to decrease particle size and granules were obtained by spray and freeze drying. In this paper we present data related to the upgrade in the process, raising the solids concentration in the suspension from 10 to 50% (m/v) and changing the drying step for a fluid bed granulation. After that, tablets were obtained. Granules and tablets were fully evaluated and a pharmacokinetic study was also performed with the granules. By powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) it was possible to prove that there was no phase transition in the sample after milling and drying. Dissolution efficiency of 4 from 5 granules was higher than 90%, considering 83% for the raw material. Tablets were technically approved but the dissolution was impacted and just 2 out of 11 showed results > 80%. A high enhancement in the bioavailability was also observed, around 172%. So, it is possible to conclude that efavirenz microcrystals with enhanced dissolution and bioavailability can be formulated into tablets and are a viable system to develop a new drug product. Efavirenz process 1 50 m/v mv m v (m/v granulation Xray X ray PXRD (PXRD FTIR (FTIR 90 90% 83 material 80 80% observed 172 172% So product 9 8 17

ABSTRACT Purpose: To develop a simple, subjective, and reliable grading scale for isotretinoin-induced meibography changes. Methods: After analyzing meibography images obtained from systemic isotretinoin users, a grading scale was proposed and named “meibography health score.” The score ranged from 1 to 3, with decreasing gland reflectivity and identifiable margins. A total of 11 medical professionals were asked to grade 10 meibography images obtained from isotretinoin users using the proposed scale and were divided into three groups: (A) ophthalmologists with experience with meibography, (B) ophthalmologists with no experience with meibography, and (C) radiologists. The kappa statistic was determined to test interrater reliability. Results: The overall kappa was approximately 0.64. The kappa scores for Groups A, B, and C were 0.78, 0.59, and 0.90, respectively. Grade 2 had the lowest kappa scores (0.62, 0.35, and 0.82 for A, B, and C, respectively) and grade 3 the highest (0.78, 0.90, and 1.0 for A, B and C, respectively). Furthermore, Group C had the highest kappa scores and Group B the lowest. Conclusion: The meibography health score exhibited good interrater reliability, particularly in severe cases. Purpose simple subjective isotretinoininduced induced changes Methods score. margins groups (A (B (C radiologists reliability Results 064 0 64 0.64 078 78 0.78 059 59 0.59 090 90 0.90 respectively 0.62, 062 62 (0.62 035 35 0.35 082 82 0.8 (0.78 1. . Furthermore Conclusion cases 06 6 0.6 07 7 0.7 05 5 0.5 09 9 0.9 0.62 (0.6 03 0.3 08 8 0. (0.7 (0. (0 (

RESUMO: Os padrões paisagísticos em zonas montanhosas com rápido desenvolvimento económico são fortemente afetados por múltiplas atividades humanas. No entanto, as mudanças nas alterações da paisagem nas áreas montanhosas cársticas atribuídas a atividades humanas complexas permanecem obscuras. A investigação sobre o grau de alteração da paisagem em zonas montanhosas sob a influência das atividades humanas é de grande importância para a conservação e gestão científica das paisagens montanhosas. Selecionamos zonas rurais com quatro tipos típicos de acidentes geográficos de pequena escala em áreas montanhosas como objetos de pesquisa e analisamos a resposta das mudanças na perturbação da paisagem rural à atividade humana nessas áreas. Nossos resultados revelam que o grau de alteração da paisagem e a atividade humana influenciam o aumento do índice na maioria das áreas montanhosas. As mudanças na atividade humana e nas perturbações paisagísticas são geralmente observadas na região de baixo relevo do terreno. A utilização intensiva do solo associada ao rápido desenvolvimento econômico tem um sério impacto negativo no grau de perturbação da paisagem, enquanto os projetos de restauração ecológica exercem um impacto positivo. Acelerar a implementação dos projetos para área “verde” e regular a expansão não regulamentada da produção e da terra viva são medidas cruciais para a gestão ecológica em áreas montanhosas cársticas. As futuras estratégias de gestão ecológica deverão centrar-se em áreas de terreno relativamente planas. Nossas descobertas contribuem para a gestão da paisagem e a regulação da atividade humana de diferentes tipos de relevo de pequena escala em áreas montanhosas cársticas. RESUMO entanto obscuras positivo verde “verde centrarse centrar se planas

ABSTRACT: Landscape patterns in mountainous areas with rapid economic development are strongly affected by multiple human activities. However, the changes in landscape disturbances across karst mountainous areas attributed to complex human activities remain unclear. Research on the degree of landscape disturbance in mountainous areas under the influence of human activities is of great significance to the conservation and scientific management of mountainous landscapes. We selected rural zones with four typical small-scale landform types in karst mountainous areas as the research objects and analyzed the response of changes in rural landscape disturbance to human activity in these areas. Our results revealed that the landscape disturbance degree and human activity influence index increase in the majority of karst mountainous areas. The changes in human activity and landscape disturbances are generally observed in the low terrain relief region. High-intensity land use associated with rapid economic development has a serious negative impact on the degree of landscape disturbance, while ecological restoration projects exert a positive impact. Accelerating the implementation of the grain for green project and regulating the unregulated expansion of production and living land are crucial measures for the ecological management in karst mountainous areas. Future ecological management strategies should focus on relatively flat terrain areas. Our findings contributed to the landscape management and human activity regulation of different small-scale landform types in karst mountainous areas. ABSTRACT However unclear landscapes smallscale small scale region Highintensity High intensity

ABSTRACT The search for more sustainable systems of rice cultivation, especially in relation to water use, has included the evaluation of more-efficient irrigation systems in addition to alternative water sources. The aim of this study was to conduct a phytosociological survey of weeds in rice crops irrigated by subsurface drip with different concentrations of treated dairy effluent, maintaining the soil moisture at saturation or field capacity. A pilot scale experiment was carried out in a protected environment using a randomised block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The IAC 301 cultivar (Arborio rice) was chosen. The phytosociological surveys were carried out on four different dates, and considered the composition as well as the distribution of plant species in each of the applied treatments, using the importance value index (IVI) to evaluate the influence of each treatment. The results showed that cultivating irrigated rice, giving priority to water management, altered the ecology of invasive plants. Fourteen weed species were identified, distributed over 10 families. The effluent dose did not alter the incidence of invasive plants, and only at the final evaluation was there a reduction in the IVI value at effluent concentrations of 50% and 75%. For soil moisture, the highest IVI values occurred on the first two days of the survey under saturated conditions; this result was reversed closer to plant maturity, when the IVI values were higher at field capacity. cultivation use moreefficient efficient sources capacity scheme replications 30 Arborio chosen dates treatments (IVI treatment management plants identified 1 families 50 75 75% conditions maturity 3 7