ABSTRACT The Yunguyo coastline has been subject to a growing process of severe contamination as a result of anthropic action. The study analyzes the pro-environmental concerns and behaviors of the Yunguyo population regarding environmental management, coastal pollution and effects on human health. The research design is non-experimental, transversal; the approach is quantitative, of a descriptive and correlational nature, level of micro analysis and socio-environmental dimension. The study population comprises 17,343 people over 18 years of age; the sample determined at simple random was 332 heads of family. The data collection technique is the survey through a structured questionnaire. Results: The environmental concerns of the majority of the population are positive regarding sanitation, sources of contamination of the coastal coastline and negative effects on human health. The pro-environmental behaviors of the majority of the urban population of Yunguyo are adequate in environmental management, sanitation and hygiene conditions at home, and access to public social services. Conclusion: There is a relationship between concerns and pro-environmental behaviors of the population regarding environmental management and contamination of the coastal coastline.

RESUMEN El litoral costero de Yunguyo viene siendo objeto de un proceso creciente de contaminación severa producto de la acción antrópica. El estudio analiza las preocupaciones y comportamientos proambientales de la población de Yunguyo sobre gestión ambiental, contaminación del litoral costero y efectos en la salud humana. El diseño de investigación es no experimental, transversal; el enfoque es cuantitativo, de carácter descriptivo y correlacional, nivel de análisis micro y dimensión socioambiental. La población del estudio comprende 17 343 personas mayores de 18 años; la muestra determinada al azar simple fue de 332 jefes de familia. La técnica de recolección de datos es la encuesta a través de un cuestionario estructurado. Resultados: Las preocupaciones ambientales de la mayoría de la población son positivas respecto a saneamiento, fuentes de contaminación del litoral costero y efectos negativos en la salud humana. Los comportamientos proambientales de la mayoría de la población urbana de Yunguyo son adecuados en gestión ambiental, condiciones de sanidad e higiene en el hogar y acceso a servicios sociales públicos. Conclusión: Existe relación entre preocupaciones y comportamientos proambientales de la población respecto a gestión ambiental y contaminación del litoral costero.

Resumen Durante las últimas décadas en Puno, Perú, la problemática de la contaminación se fue agudizando por la acción combinada del crecimiento desordenado de la población urbana, gestión deficiente de residuos sólidos, descarga de aguas servidas sin tratamiento en la bahía del lago Titicaca y prácticas de sanidad e higiene inadecuadas; situaciones que afectan severamente el ambiente y la salud humana. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar las actitudes y comportamientos proambientales de la población de la ciudad de Puno en relación al saneamiento, la contaminación y la gestión ambiental. La investigación es no experimental, cuantitativa, trans¬versal, descriptiva, correlacional y nivel de análisis micro. El universo de estudio fue la población mayor de 18 años del área urbana, que comprende 97.264 habitantes; la muestra, deter¬minada al azar simple, fue de 382 personas. Se aplicó un cuestionario estructurado. El análisis descriptivo, inferencial y prueba de hipótesis se realizó con el software estadístico SPSS. Los resultados señalan que las actitudes ambientales de la mayoría de la población son positivas respecto a factores y fuentes de contaminación y efectos en la salud humana; contrariamente, las prácticas ambientales son inadecuadas en gestión ambiental en el hogar y condiciones de sanidad e higiene en la vivienda. Se concluye, que la mejora sostenible de actitudes y comportamientos proambientales, demanda de una nueva política pública de educación ambiental, cuya implementación incorpore la participación efectiva de la sociedad civil con base a un sistema de incentivos.

Abstract During the last decades in Puno, Peru, the problem of contamination has worsened due to the combined action of the disorderly growth of the urban population, poor management of solid waste, discharge of untreated sewage into the bay of Lake Titicaca and practices of inadequate sanitation and hygiene, severely affecting the environment and human health. The objective of the study was to characterize the pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors of the city’s population of Puno in relation to sanitation, pollution and environmental management. The research is nonexperimental, quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational and micro level of analysis. The universe of study was the population over 18 years of age in the urban area, which comprises 97,264 inhabitants; the sample, determined at simple random, was 382 people. A structured questionnaire was applied. Descriptive and inferential analysis and hypothesis testing were performed with SPSS statistical software. The results indicate that the environmental attitudes of the majority of the population are positive regarding factors and sources of pollution and effects on human health. On the contrary, environmental practices are inadequate in environmental management in the home and health and hygiene conditions in the home. It is concluded that the sustainable improvement of pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors demands a new public policy of environmental education, whose implementation incorporates the effective participation of civil society based on an incentive system.

ABSTRACT In the food industry, hygiene is a key condition to ensure food safety. That is why this work aimed to describe the visual, microbiological and bioluminescence methods used by food industries to verify sanitation procedures. The methodology was based on the review of the literature in the databases of Google Scholar, Scielo, Latindex, Dialnet, Redalyc and in food regulatory entities. The results showed that the food industries use the different cleaning and disinfection verification methods, either separately or jointly, to achieve compliance with the standards established by the reference regulations. In conclusion, the method used to verify the sanitation procedure resulted from the size of the company, the nature of the food, the processes applied and a series of factors that define the very identity of the industry, to guarantee quality. and food safety.

RESUMEN En la industria alimentaria, la higiene es una condición clave para asegurar la inocuidad de los alimentos. Es por ello, que este trabajo tuvo como objetivo describir sobre los métodos visual, microbiológico y de bioluminiscencia utilizados por las industrias de alimentos para la verificación de los procedimientos de saneado. La metodología se basó en la revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos de Google Académico, Scielo, Latindex, Dialnet, Redalyc y en entes reguladores de alimentos. Los resultados demostraron que las industrias de alimentos utilizan los diferentes métodos de verificación de limpieza y desinfección, ya sea de manera separada o conjunta para lograr cumplir con los estándares establecidos por las normativas de referencia. En conclusión, el método utilizado para la verificación del procedimiento de saneado dependerá de la envergadura de la empresa, la naturaleza del alimento, los procesos aplicados y de una serie de factores que definen la misma identidad de la industria, a fin de garantizar la calidad e inocuidad de los alimentos.

Abstract One of the elements of the mission programs on the frontiers of Spanish America was the creation of communities that conformed to norms established for urban planning by royal law, or, in other words, to the grid plan. Missionaries congregated thousands of indigenous peoples on the mission communities, and had them live in spatially compact living areas. Living in proximity to others helped spread highly contagious crowd diseases such as smallpox, and created hygiene problems. This article examines the urban plan and housing arrangements for indigenous peoples brought to live on the missions among the Guaraní and the California. It posits that the spatial organization of the mission communities and forms of housing were important factors in determining demographic patterns among the mission residents. It analyzes historic diagrams of the urban plan of selected mission communities in conjunction with a discussion of fertility and mortality patterns calculated from censuses and registers of baptisms and burials. The article confirms the hypothesis of the strong relationship between the urban plan, and demographic patterns. At the same time, it highlights differences between the two case studies presented. The Jesuits brought thousands of Guaraní to live on the mission communities created from whole cloth, and the large population densities facilitated the spread of contagion. Periodic epidemics killed thousands, but the populations recovered. On the California missions, chronic ailments such as syphilis and parasites from improper sanitation associated with living conditions were the major causes of mortality. The California mission populations did not recover.

Resumen Uno de los elementos de los programas misioneros en las fronteras de Hispanoamérica fue la creación de comunidades que se ajustaran a las normas establecidas para la planificación urbana por ley real, es decir, en el plano cuadriculado. Los misioneros congregaron a miles de indígenas en las comunidades de la misión y los hicieron vivir en áreas de vivienda espacialmente compactas. Vivir cerca de otros favoreció la propagación de enfermedades altamente contagiosas, como la viruela, y generó problemas de higiene. Este artículo examina el plan urbano y los arreglos de vivienda para los pueblos indígenas traídos a vivir en las misiones entre los guaraníes y los californianos. Postula que la organización espacial de las comunidades misioneras y las formas de vivienda fueron factores importantes en la determinación de los patrones demográficos entre los residentes de la misión. Analiza diagramas históricos del plan urbano de comunidades misioneras seleccionadas junto con una discusión de patrones de fertilidad y mortalidad calculados a partir de censos y registros de bautismos y entierros. Confirma la hipótesis de la fuerte relación entre el plan urbano y los patrones demográficos. Al mismo tiempo, destaca las diferencias entre sus dos estudios de caso: las misiones guaraníes donde las epidemias periódicas mataron a miles, pero las poblaciones se recuperaron; y las misiones californianas, donde las principales causas de mortalidad fueron las dolencias crónicas como la sífilis y los parásitos debidos a un saneamiento inadecuado asociado con las condiciones de vida, y cuyas poblaciones no se recuperaron.

Abstract The presence of Eristalis tenax in a dairy farm in the province of Salta is described. Larvae of E. tenax, known as "rat-tailed maggots", were found in large quantities on the premises, specifically in the feeding trough and waste pit. Taxonomic identification revealed distinctive morphological characteristics of the species. This finding expands the known geographical distribution of E. tenax in Argentina. Although the medical significance of these syrphids is relative, their ability to act as mechanical vectors of certain pathogens, such as mycobacteria, suggests the need to control their populations in anthropized environments. The importance of hygiene measures to prevent accidental ingestion of larvae is stressed, and monitoring of water tanks and pits is suggested. In conclusion, the relevance of recognizing the facultative nature of infestations is highlighted, along with the potential contribution of E. tenax control in sanitation measures of affected herds.

Resumen Este trabajo documenta la presencia de Eristalis tenax en un establecimiento lechero de la provincia de Salta. Las larvas de E. tenax, conocidas como "gusanos de cola de rata", se encontraron específicamente en el comedero y la fosa de desechos. La observación de las características morfológicas de la especie permitió su identificación taxonómica. Este hallazgo amplía la distribución geográfica conocida de E. tenax en Argentina. Aunque la importancia médica de estos sírfidos es relativa, se destaca su capacidad de actuar como vectores mecánicos de micobacterias, lo que sugiere la necesidad de controlar sus poblaciones en entornos antropizados. Se enfatiza la importancia de medidas de higiene para prevenir la ingestión accidental de larvas y se sugiere incorporar supervisión en depósitos de agua y piletones de decantación. En conclusión, se subraya la relevancia de reconocer la naturaleza facultativa de esta especie como posible vector y la contribución de su control en las medidas de saneamiento en rodeos afectados.

ABSTRACT He following investigative work is carried out in the Water and Sanitation Business Group with the objective of identifying the variables to evaluate the commercial management in the companies belonging to this group. To fulfill this objective, theoretical, empirical and statistical methods are used. In the case of statistics, a cluster study is carried out with 54 models, classified as commercial management, direction and management, supply chain management and relational marketing. The variables identified to evaluate the commercial management in the companies of the AyS Group were grouped into four essential aspects: suppliers, water supply, commercialization and customer satisfaction.

RESUMEN El siguiente trabajo investigativo se realiza en el Grupo Empresarial de Agua y Saneamiento con el objetivo de identificar las variables para evaluar la gestión comercial en las empresas perteneciente a este Grupo. Para el cumplimiento de este objetivo se utilizan métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos, en el caso del estadístico se realiza un estudio clúster con 54 modelos, clasificados como gestión comercial, dirección y gestión, gestión de la cadena de suministro y marketing relacional. Las variables identificadas para evaluar la gestión comercial en las empresas del Grupo de Agua y Saneamiento se agruparon en cuatro aspectos esenciales: proveedores, abastecimiento de agua, comercialización y satisfacción del cliente.

RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la incidencia de la inversión pública sobre la recaudación del impuesto predial en gobiernos locales provinciales de la macrorregión sur del Perú durante el período 2010-2020. El tipo de estudio es aplicado, bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, tipo longitudinal de panel, de carácter descriptivo y explicativo. Los datos para cada municipalidad provincial fueron extraídos del portal informativo del Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (MEF) segmentadas mediante el análisis de conglomerados. El método de estimación econométrica toma en cuenta la metodología para datos longitudinales de panel. Teniendo en cuenta el análisis de conglomerados y las estimaciones econométricas, los resultados muestran que un incremento del 1% en la inversión pública en transportes, saneamiento y cultura y deporte, provocó un aumento en la recaudación del impuesto predial de aproximadamente 0,3182%, 0,1208% y 0,0923% respectivamente (primer clúster); un incremento del 1% en la inversión pública en transportes, cultura y deporte, provocó un aumento en la recaudación del impuesto predial de aproximadamente 0,2588% y 0,1434% respectivamente (segundo clúster); y un incremento del 1% en la inversión pública en transportes y saneamiento, provocó un aumento en la recaudación del impuesto predial de aproximadamente 0,2923% y 0,1377% respectivamente (tercer clúster).

ABSTRACT The objective of the research is to analyze the incidence of public investment on property tax collection in provincial local governments of the southern macro region of Peru during the period 2010 to 2020. The type of study is applied, under the quantitative approach, design non-experimental, longitudinal panel type, descriptive and explanatory. The data for each provincial municipality were extracted from the information portal of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) segmented through cluster analysis. The econometric estimation method takes into account the methodology for longitudinal panel data. Taking into account the cluster analysis and econometric estimates, the results show that a 1% increase in public investment in transportation, sanitation, and culture and sports, caused an increase in property tax collection of approximately 0.3182%, 0.1208%. and 0.0923% respectively (first cluster), a 1% increase in public investment in transport, culture and sports, caused an increase in property tax collection of approximately 0.2588% and 0.1434% respectively (second cluster) and an increase in the 1% in public investment in transportation and sanitation, caused an increase in property tax collection of approximately 0.2923% and 0.1377% respectively (third cluster).

A dengue evoluiu de uma doença restrita a alguns países para um grave problema global de saúde pública, atingindo mais de 120 países nos últimos anos. No Brasil, após sua reintrodução em 1981, o país enfrentou diversas epidemias, com mais de 16 milhões de casos registrados até o momento. Em 2023, sob a vigência do fenômeno climático El Niño registrou-se uma das maiores epidemias de dengue no país, com mais de 1,6 milhões de casos notificados. Temperaturas e pluviosidade mais elevadas em conjunto com a circulação simultânea dos quatro sorotipos do vírus da dengue aumentaram ainda mais o risco de disseminação da doença em 2024, especialmente em populações sem imunidade para alguns dos sorotipos. Diante deste quadro, o Ministério da Saúde promoveu várias ações para enfrentar a situação, incluindo a instalação de uma Sala Nacional de Arboviroses e um Comitê de Operações de Emergência, repasses financeiros para apoiar estados e municípios em ações contingenciais de vigilância e prevenção de doenças, com ênfase no enfrentamento das arboviroses e investimentos em inovações para o controle da dengue, como vacinação e o método Wolbachia. Ainda assim, o primeiro trimestre de 2024 registrou um número de casos suspeitos de dengue superior ao de 2023, destacando a necessidade de aprimoramentos no monitoramento da situação epidemiológica para detecção precoce de epidemias e da preparação dos serviços de saúde para o cuidado dos casos com sinais de gravidade. Após mais de 40 anos de epidemias recorrentes, o controle efetivo da dengue no país requer ações sustentadas de prevenção por meio de estratégias inovadoras, envolvendo esforços coordenados de todas as esferas da gestão em saúde, juntamente com a participação ativa da população. Ações estruturais para a melhoria na cobertura de saneamento básico e para mitigação dos efeitos das mudanças climá

Dengue has evolved from a disease restricted to a few countries into a serious global public health issue, affecting over 120 countries in recent years. In Brazil, after its reintroduction in 1981, the country has faced several epidemics, with over 16 million cases registered to date. In 2023, under the influence of the El Niño climatic phenomenon, one of the largest epidemics occurred in the country, with over 1.6 million cases reported. High temperatures and precipitation in line with the simultaneous circulation of all four serotypes of the dengue virus increased the risk of disease spread in 2024, especially in populations without immunity to some of the serotypes. In such a scenario, the Ministry of Health undertook various actions to address the situation, including the establishment of a National Arbovirus Situation Room and an Emergency Operations Commitee, financial support to assist states and municipalities in contingency actions for disease surveillance and prevention, with an emphasis on combating arboviruses, and investments in innovations for dengue control, such as vaccination and the Wolbachia method. However, the number of notified dengue cases in the first trimester of 2024 supplanted the whole year of 2023, highlighting the need for a more effective monitoring of the epidemiological situation for early outbreak detection and the preparation of health services for the care of cases with signs of severity. After more than 40 years of recurrent dengue epidemics, the effective control of dengue requires sustained preventive actions using innovative strategies, with coordinated efforts at all levels of health management, along with active participation of the population. Structural actions to improve basic sanitation coverage and to mitigate the effects of climate change are critical conditions for reducing the burden of dengue in the population.

Abstract Background: In Mexico, 29% of mortality resulting from SARS-CoV-2 was associated with one or more comorbidities. Diabetes mellitus was one of the most frequently increasing in-hospital mortality. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the impact of nosocomial infections in diabetic patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Materials and methods: An analysis of 930 patients with SARS-CoV-2 was performed, grouping data from April 2020 to December 2021. Survival, hospital stay, causative agents, antimicrobial resistance, and comorbidities were the variables of interest. Results: About 30% of patients had diabetes mellitus, which presented a greater number of concomitant comorbidities such as arterial hypertension in 50%, and chronic kidney disease in 13%. The survival function was higher in patients without diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: The association between nosocomial infections and diabetes mellitus increased hospital length of stay and mortality, which is why multidisciplinary teams are important to carry out prevention programs and establish hospital sanitation measures.

We measured the tree transpiration of 9-year-old, Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla clonal hybrid (GU) trees in the commercial forestry area of northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Transpiration was measured using the heat ratio method over two consecutive hydrological years (2019/20 and 2020/21) and up-scaled to a stand level. Leaf area index (LAI), quadratic mean diameter, and soil water content (SWC) were measured over the same period using an LAI 2200 plant canopy analyser, manual dendrometers and CS616 sensors, respectively. The depth to groundwater was estimated to be approx. 28 m, using a borehole next to our study site. Results showed that transpiration followed a seasonal pattern, with daily mean of 2.3 mm-tree-1-day-1 (range: 0.18 to 4.55 mm-tree-1-day-1) and 3.3 mm-tree-1-day-1 (range: 0.06 to 6.6 mm-tree-1-day-1) for 2019/20 and 2020/21, respectively. Annual GU transpiration was higher than that found by international studies under similar conditions, but was within the same transpiration range as Eucalyptus genotypes in the KwaMbonambi area. Plantation water productivity, calculated as a ratio of stand volume to transpiration, was higher than for other published studies, which was attributed to a very high productive potential of the study site. Multiple regression using the random forests predictive model indicated that solar radiation, SWC and air temperature highly influence transpiration. There is a high possibility that our GU tree rooting system extracted water in the unsaturated zone during the dry season. Due to the use of short-term results in this study, the impact of GU on water resources could not be quantified; however, previous long-term paired catchment studies in South Africa concluded that Eucalyptus has a negative impact on water resources. Further research is suggested with long-term measurements of transpiration and total evaporation and an isotope study to confirm the use of water by GU trees in the unsaturated zone.

Abstract This paper studied the behavior of multidimensional and income poverty, as well as its determinants in Brazil, in addition to rural and urban areas, based on information from the 2019 National Continuous Household Sample Survey (PNADC). The Alkire-Foster methodology was used in the construction of a Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), in addition to the logit model to estimate the impacts of determinants related to household characteristics on poverty. The health and sanitation dimension was the one that contributed the most to the MPI, followed by the education and housing dimensions. Unidimensional poverty was greater than multidimensional and rural poverty was also greater. Among the determinants of poverty, being in households with non-white heads, younger, unmarried, unemployed, less educated and in the North and Northeast regions increased the chances of poverty. In addition, while female heads reduced the chances of multidimensional poverty, it increased the chances of the unidimensional one. Brazil areas 201 PNADC. PNADC . (PNADC) AlkireFoster Alkire Foster MPI , (MPI) dimensions nonwhite non white younger unmarried unemployed 20 (PNADC (MPI 2

Resumo Este trabalho estudou o comportamento da pobreza multidimensional e de renda, bem como seus determinantes no Brasil, evidenciando as diferenças entre as áreas rurais e urbanas com base nas informações das Pesquisas Nacionais por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua (PNADC) de 2019. Foi utilizada a metodologia Alkire-Foster na construção de um Índice de Pobreza Multidimensional (IPM), além do modelo logit para estimar os impactos na pobreza de determinantes relacionados a características domiciliares. A dimensão saúde e saneamento foi a que mais contribuiu com o IPM, seguida da dimensão educação e condições habitacionais. A pobreza unidimensional foi maior do que a multidimensional, além disso, a pobreza nas áreas rurais foi também maior. Entre os determinantes da pobreza, estar em domicílios com chefes não brancos, mais jovens, não casados, desempregados, menos escolarizados e ser das regiões Norte e Nordeste aumentaram as chances de pobreza. Além disso, domicílios com chefes mulheres tiveram menores chances de pobreza multidimensional, embora mais chances de pobreza unidimensional. renda Brasil PNADC (PNADC 2019 AlkireFoster Alkire Foster IPM , (IPM) domiciliares habitacionais disso brancos jovens casados desempregados 201 (IPM 20 2

Abstract This study examined food insecurity in the Quilombola community of Imbiral Cabeça-Branca, in Maranhão, Brazil, during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the last quarter of 2021 with 25 household heads from the community. Most participants were women (52.0%) with low schooling and were unemployed (68.0%), and 76.0% received a Federal Emergency Aid. The mean household density was four people, and houses were predominantly made of rammed earth, lacking basic sanitation. The consumed water came from artesian wells, and most houses had electricity. Food insecurity was identified in all households, with 12.0% classified as mild, 24.0% as moderate, and 64.0% as severe. The severe form was more common in households headed by single men (75%), older adults, less-educated individuals (78.7%), and the unemployed (64.7%). Food insecurity in the Quilombola community and other similar communities in the country results from substandard living conditions, unemployment, food deprivation, and lack of land titling. These factors also contribute to the perpetuation of institutional and environmental racism faced by these communities. CabeçaBranca, CabeçaBranca Cabeça Branca, Branca Cabeça-Branca Maranhão Brazil COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic crosssectional cross sectional 202 2 52.0% 520 52 0 (52.0% 68.0%, 680 68.0% , 68 (68.0%) 760 76 76.0 Aid people earth sanitation wells electricity 120 12 12.0 mild 240 24 24.0 moderate 640 64 64.0 75%, 75 75% (75%) adults lesseducated less educated 78.7%, 787 78.7% 78 7 (78.7%) 64.7%. 647 64.7% . (64.7%) conditions unemployment deprivation titling COVID1 1 COVID- 20 52.0 5 (52.0 68.0 6 (68.0% 76. 12. 24. 64. (75% 78.7 (78.7% 64.7 (64.7% 52. (52. 68. (68.0 (75 78. (78.7 (64.7 (52 (68. (7 (78. (64. (5 (68 ( (78 (64 (6

Resumo Este estudo analisou a insegurança alimentar na comunidade quilombola Imbiral Cabeça-Branca, no Maranhão, durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Estudo transversal realizado no último trimestre de 2021, com 25 chefes de família da comunidade. A maioria dos participantes eram mulheres (52,0%), com baixa escolaridade, desempregados (68,0%), e 76,0% recebiam o Auxílio Emergencial federal. A densidade domiciliar média era de quatro pessoas, e as casas eram predominantemente de taipa, sem saneamento básico. A água consumida provinha de poços artesanais, e a maioria das casas tinha acesso à eletricidade. A insegurança alimentar foi identificada em todas as famílias, sendo 12,0% classificadas como Leve, 24,0% Moderada e 64,0% Grave. A forma Grave foi mais comum em lares chefiados por homens solteiros (75%), idosos, pessoas com baixa escolaridade (78,7%) e desempregados (64,7%). A insegurança alimentar na comunidade quilombola, assim como em outras comunidades similares no país, é resultado das condições precárias de vida, desemprego, privação de alimentos e falta de titulação de terras. Esses fatores também contribuem para a perpetuação do racismo institucional e ambiental enfrentado por essas comunidades. CabeçaBranca, CabeçaBranca Cabeça Branca, Branca Cabeça-Branca Maranhão COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 2021 2 52,0%, 520 52,0% , 52 0 (52,0%) 68,0%, 680 68,0% 68 (68,0%) 760 76 76,0 federal taipa básico artesanais eletricidade famílias 120 12 12,0 Leve 240 24 24,0 640 64 64,0 75%, 75 75% (75%) idosos 78,7% 787 78 7 (78,7% 64,7%. 647 64,7% . (64,7%) país vida desemprego terras COVID1 1 COVID-1 202 52,0 5 (52,0% 68,0 6 (68,0% 76, 12, 24, 64, (75% 78,7 (78,7 64,7 (64,7% COVID- 20 52, (52,0 68, (68,0 (75 78, (78, (64,7 (52, (68, (7 (78 (64, (52 (68 ( (64 (5 (6

Abstract Quilombola communities have felt the effects of racism deepened by COVID-19, whose repercussions are amplified in contexts of racial inequalities, characterizing it as a syndemic. The term refers to the synergy of biological, economic, environmental, political, and social elements that enhance coexisting conditions and states, impacting life and affecting health. Thus, our study seeks to analyze the repercussions of the COVID-19 syndemic based on the perceptions of quilombola community leaders in Mato Grosso, Brazil. In a qualitative study, three leaders were interviewed in May 2022, using a semi-structured script and treating the data through thematic analysis. The COVID-19 syndemic highlighted the structural precariousness of transport, roads, sanitation, and access to water, food, and health services. Isolation, deaths, and fears had psychosocial repercussions, but little attention was paid to mental health. Anti-racist proposals call for: repairing precariousness by recognizing the State’s debt to the black population; valuing experiences, way of life, cosmovision, and Afro-centered ancestral civilizational values. Finally, the aim is to strengthen, reaffirm, and implement anti-racist actions, such as the Statute of Racial Equality and the PNSIPN, in all possible spaces, policies, and institutions. COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 inequalities biological economic environmental political states Thus COVID-1 Grosso Brazil 2022 semistructured semi structured analysis transport roads sanitation water food services Isolation deaths Antiracist Anti racist for States State s population experiences cosmovision Afrocentered Afro centered values Finally strengthen reaffirm antiracist anti actions PNSIPN spaces policies institutions COVID1 1 COVID- 202 20 2

Resumo Comunidades quilombolas têm sentido efeitos do racismo aprofundados com a COVID-19 cujas repercussões se amplificam em contextos de desigualdades raciais, caracterizando-se como sindemia. O termo remete à sinergia de elementos biológicos, econômicos, ambientais, políticos e sociais que potencializam condições e estados coexistentes, repercutindo na vida e afetando a saúde. Assim, analisamos as repercussões da sindemia da COVID-19 a partir das percepções de lideranças de comunidade quilombola em Mato Grosso. Em estudo qualitativo entrevistamos três lideranças em maio/2022, usando roteiro semiestruturado e tratamos os dados pela análise temática. A sindemia da COVID-19 visibilizou a precariedade estrutural quanto ao transporte, estradas, saneamento, acesso à água, alimentos e serviços de saúde. O isolamento, mortes, medos tiveram repercussões psicossociais, mas ausência de atenção à saúde mental. Propostas antirracistas clamam por: reparar precariedades reconhecendo a dívida do Estado com a população negra; valorizar experiências, modo de vida, cosmovisão, valores civilizatórios ancestrais afrocentrados. Enfim, fortalecer, reafirmar e efetivar ações antirracistas como o Estatuto da Igualdade Racial e a PNSIPN em todos possíveis espaços, políticas e instituições. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 raciais caracterizandose caracterizando biológicos econômicos ambientais coexistentes Assim Grosso maio2022 maio 2022 maio/2022 temática transporte estradas saneamento água isolamento mortes psicossociais mental por negra experiências cosmovisão afrocentrados Enfim fortalecer espaços instituições COVID1 1 COVID- maio202 202 maio/202 maio20 20 maio/20 maio2 2 maio/2 maio/

ABSTRACT The drinking-water safety framework presented by the World Health Organization and included in Brazilian legislation is based on the management of health risks, with the preparation of Water Safety Plans (WSP). In Brazil, about 29.9 million people live in rural locations, of which 72.7% depend on alternative supply solutions. Despite existing efforts in applying WSPs in small communities, there is still a gap in official materials directed to small-scale supply systems. This study contributes to fulfill this gap with a methodological framework to adapt existing evaluation tools aimed at improving WSPs to assess risk in the context of Brazilian alternative collective solutions (SACs) located in rural areas. The adapted proposed methodology identifies potential hazards having a SAC in the municipality of Travesseiro (state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) as a case study. The results of this process highlighted the importance of evaluating small SACs, where insufficient data on the supply infrastructure, scarcity of implemented control measures and the absence of monitoring at all levels are still common. We also explore how improvement planning within the scope of the construction of simplified WSPs can be integrated to produce data to support the instruments of water resources management and investments in sanitation. Finally, the results also support the creation of a national database to identify potential hazards and the argument for the extension of the assessment to the entire supply coverage, allowing such hazard mapping to inform decision-making. drinkingwater drinking risks WSP. WSP . (WSP) Brazil 299 29 9 29. locations 727 72 7 72.7 communities smallscale scale systems SACs (SACs areas state Sul infrastructure common sanitation Finally coverage decisionmaking. decisionmaking decision making. making decision-making (WSP 2 72.

RESUMO A estrutura de segurança da água para consumo humano proposta pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e incluída na legislação brasileira baseia-se na gestão de riscos à saúde, com a elaboração de Planos de Segurança da Água (PSA). No Brasil, 29,9 milhões de pessoas residem em localidades rurais. Delas, 72,7% dependem de soluções alternativas de abastecimento e, embora existam iniciativas de aplicação de PSA em pequenas comunidades, permanecem lacunas de materiais oficiais direcionados a sistemas de pequeno porte. Este trabalho tem como principal contribuição a adaptação das ferramentas metodológicas que compõem a elaboração dos PSA à avaliação de riscos no contexto das soluções alternativas coletivas (SAC) localizadas em áreas rurais. Foi aplicada uma metodologia adaptada de identificação de perigos a uma SAC do município de Travesseiro (RS). Os resultados evidenciaram a importância da avaliação de sistemas desse tipo refletida na insuficiência de dados sobre a infraestrutura de abastecimento, a escassez de medidas de controle implementadas e a ausência de sistemas de monitoramento em todos os níveis. Destacou-se a potencialidade do planejamento de melhorias no âmbito do desenvolvimento de PSA simplificados e da produção de subsídios para os instrumentos de gestão de recursos hídricos e investimentos em saneamento. Finalmente, os resultados substanciam a construção de banco de dados nacional para a identificação de perigos e de que a avaliação seja estendida a toda a cobertura de abastecimento, permitindo que o mapeamento de perigos informe a tomada de decisões. baseiase baseia se saúde PSA. . (PSA) Brasil 299 29 9 29, rurais Delas 727 72 7 72,7 comunidades porte (SAC RS. RS (RS) níveis Destacouse Destacou saneamento Finalmente decisões (PSA 2 72, (RS

Abstract The definitive establishment of Aedes aegypti in the Americas is associated with environmental changes, disorganized urbanization, lack of water and basic sanitation and population displacement, thus defining the trajectory of the disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of the dengue suspected cases and understand its correlation with the socioeconomic indicators in the city of São Carlos (SP). This is an ecological study, carried out at the São Carlos (SP). Secondary data from the Information System on Notifiable Diseases in the period from 2016 to 2017 and from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics of the 2010 Demographic Census were used. The data were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (ACP) by the software Statistica 12.0 and the thematic maps were generated by the software Arcgis version 10.5. The results showed high rates of suspected dengue cases in areas with adequate social conditions and reduced rates in areas with worst social condition. It was concluded that the outline of suspected dengue cases in the population of São Carlos (SP) is not related to low socioeconomic indicators, once the population dynamics and mobility related to the high flow of university students can influence the pattern of spatial distribution of the disease. changes urbanization displacement disease SP. SP . 201 used ACP (ACP 120 12 0 12. 105 10 5 10.5 condition (SP 20 1 10. 2

Resumo O estabelecimento definitivo do Aedes aegypti nas Américas está associado às mudanças ambientais, urbanização desorganizada, ausência de água e saneamento básico e deslocamentos populacionais, definindo, assim, a trajetória da doença. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a distribuição espacial dos casos suspeitos de dengue e a relação com indicadores socioeconômicos no município de São Carlos-SP. Trata-se de estudo ecológico, realizado nesse município, em que foram utilizados dados secundários do Sistema de Informação sobre Agravos de Notificação no período de 2016 a 2017 e do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística do Censo Demográfico de 2010. Os dados foram analisados por meio da Análise de Componentes Principais pelo software Statistica 12.0 e os mapas temáticos foram gerados pelo software Arcgis versão 10.5. Os resultados mostraram elevadas taxas de casos suspeitos de dengue em áreas de ponderação com condições sociais adequadas e taxas reduzidas em áreas de ponderação com iniquidades sociais. Concluiu-se que o perfil de casos suspeitos por dengue na população de São Carlos não está relacionado a baixos indicadores socioeconômicos, uma vez que a dinâmica e a mobilidade populacional relacionadas ao elevado fluxo de universitários podem influenciar no padrão de distribuição espacial da doença. ambientais desorganizada populacionais definindo assim doença CarlosSP. CarlosSP SP. SP Carlos-SP Tratase Trata se ecológico 201 2010 120 12 0 12. 105 10 5 10.5 Concluiuse Concluiu 20 1 10. 2