ABSTRACT Sandy beaches have different shoreline change rates (i.e., erosion/accretion rates). An erosive process on beaches poses risks for human-occupied areas. One example is Matinhos Beach (state of Paraná - Brazil), which has an average annual erosion rate of around 1.5 m yr-1 This study applied a methodology that combines in situ measurements and numerical modeling to simulate the physical processes in the coastal area of Matinhos during the 2018 Austral winter. Monthly DGPS surveys were carried out in the study area from June to September. The MOHID modeling system was applied to simulate hydrodynamics and sediment transport, considering waves and tidal forcing validated with in situ data. The WAVEWATCH III and SWAN models were applied in a nesting approach to simulate the waves at Matinhos Beach. The GFS was used to assess the wind conditions. The study period showed a dynamic evolution of accretion and erosion between monthly measurements with no clear pattern in most profiles. Significant sand accumulation was observed near the headland. Morphological changes were minor due to the predominance of low energy without significant storm events. The measured morphological changes are in line with the residual littoral drift obtained from the modeling results for the period. The residual current velocities were towards the southwest, with magnitudes ranging from 0.15 m s-1 to 0.2 m s-1. A slight variation in the angle of wave incidence (10°) may change the direction (southwest or northeast) and intensity of the littoral drift. The applied methodology can reduce uncertainty and support effective coastal management. However, the seasonal scales of wave climate cannot be disregarded, nor can the need for coastal oceanographic data. i.e., ie i e (i.e. erosionaccretion rates. . rates) humanoccupied human occupied areas state Brazil, Brazil , Brazil) 15 1 5 1. yr1 yr yr- 201 winter September transport data conditions profiles headland events southwest 015 0 0.1 s1 s s- 02 2 0. s1. 10° 10 (10° northeast management However disregarded i.e. (i.e 20 01 (10 i.e (1 (

Abstract Biomarkers of environmental contamination have been frequently used in the assessment of marine ecosystem quality because they provide quantitative measures of biological changes in organisms exposed to pollutants such as hydrocarbons from oil spills. Polychaetes have been tested as sentinel organisms of marine environmental health because they are abundant taxa of benthic assemblages and their sedentary lifestyle ensures chronic exposure to toxins in impacted areas. In this study, we evaluated whether the polychaete Scolelepis goodbodyi can be used as a reliable sentinel species for exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from an experimental diesel spill in a dissipative sand beach in the Southern Atlantic. The design used in this study comprised replicated control and diesel impact sites sampled four times (one, two, four and seven days) before and after the impact. Total PAH levels reached 114.0 ng g -1 in the impact site one day after the diesel spill; however, the pattern of biomarker responses in S. goodbodyi was primarily influenced by spatial variation rather than being attributed to the simulated diesel spill. The apparent absence of a contaminating effect may be linked to the low levels of the toxins retained in the sediment after the spill was simulated to elicit a response or to the presence of an efficient repair system within the organism. Furthermore, the sediments tested in this study, composed of sandy fractions, had a low capacity to concentrate PAHs after the simulated diesel spill, which may have contributed to the low significant changes in their biomarker activities. Based on our results, further studies testing other Polychaeta species and simulating oil spills in sedimentary environments composed of fine sediments such as salt marshes and mangroves may help produce evidence on more effective biomarker responses in these organisms. areas (PAHs Atlantic one, (one two days 1140 114 0 114. 1 - however S organism Furthermore fractions activities results 11

Resumo Contaminação por microplásticos (MPs) é um impacto bem estabelecido nos oceanos, embora sejam escassos enfoques combinando análises simultâneas dos componentes bióticos e abióticos. Este estudo foi direcionado para esta lacuna, demonstrando a ingestão de MPs por Atherinella brasiliensis (espécie de peixe) e comparando com a presença do contaminante na água e sedimento. Três praias de Ubatuba (exposta, calma e estuário abrigado) foram amostradas para os componentes peixe, água e sedimento durante o verão e o inverno. Dados ambientais evidenciaram diferenças espaciais e sazonais (ACP/ANOVA). A presença de partículas sintéticas (PSs) em peixes foi alta (~38%). Concentrações máximas ocorreram no estuário, para água (490 PSs/m³), e na praia exposta, para sedimento (62 PSs/50g). O formato fibra predominou em todos os componentes. Preferência dos peixes pela cor azul parece ocorrer. Relações estatísticas significativas foram determinadas para comprimento dos peixes e tamanho das PSs e entre concentrações de PSs na água e nos peixes. As identidades químicas (μ-FTIR spectra), polipropileno, polietileno, poliamida, poliéster e celulose/papelão predominaram. Influências da hidrodinâmica local (e.g., tamanhos das PSs) e da redução do turismo durante a epidemia de Covid-19 (e.g., menos PSs no verão) são discutidas. Este estudo confirma a contaminação por PSs (a maioria MPs) nas praias de Ubatuba, afetando os peixes através da ingestão direta na coluna d’água. Ações urgentes por parte das autoridades e mudanças de hábitos dos usuários locais são cruciais. (MPs oceanos abióticos lacuna espécie peixe exposta (exposta abrigado inverno ACP/ANOVA. ACPANOVA ACP/ANOVA . ACP ANOVA (ACP/ANOVA) (PSs ~38%. 38 ~38% (~38%) 490 (49 PSs/m³, PSsm³ PSsm PSs/m³ , m³ m PSs/m³) 62 (6 PSs/50g. PSs50g PSsg PSs/50g 50g g PSs/50g) ocorrer μFTIR μ FTIR spectra, spectra spectra) polipropileno polietileno poliamida celulosepapelão celulose papelão predominaram e.g., eg (e.g. Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 discutidas dágua. dágua d água. d’água cruciais (ACP/ANOVA 3 ~38 (~38% 49 (4 PSs/m 6 ( e.g. (e.g Covid1 1 Covid- ~3 (~38 4 e.g ~ (~3 (~

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) contamination is a well-established impact in oceans, but integrated approaches combining simultaneous analyzes of biotic and abiotic components are scarce. This study addresses this gap, demonstrating Atherinella brasiliensis (fish species) ingestion of MPs and comparing with the contaminant presence in water and sediment. Three Ubatuba beaches (exposed, calm and sheltered estuary) were surveyed for fish, water, and sediment components in summer and winter. Environmental data evidenced spatial and seasonal differences (PCA/ANOVA). Presence of synthetic particles (SPs) in fish was high (~38%). Maximum concentrations occurred in the estuary, for water (490 SPs/m³), and in the exposed beach, for sediment (62 SPs/50g). Fibers format predominated in all components. Fish preference for blue color seems to occur. Significant statistical relationships were determined for fish length and SPs size and between SPs concentrations in water and fish. The chemical identities (μ-FTIR spectra) polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, and cardboard/cellulose predominated. Influences of local hydrodynamics (e.g., SPs sizes) and reduction in tourism during Covid-19 epidemic (e.g.,less SPs in summer) are discussed. This study confirms environmental contamination by SPs (mostly MPs) in Ubatuba beaches, affecting fish through direct water column ingestion. Urgent actions from authorities and changes in local user’s habits are crucial. (MPs wellestablished well established oceans scarce gap species exposed, (exposed estuary winter PCA/ANOVA. PCAANOVA PCA/ANOVA . PCA ANOVA (PCA/ANOVA) (SPs ~38%. 38 ~38% (~38%) 490 (49 SPs/m³, SPsm³ SPsm SPs/m³ , m³ m SPs/m³) beach 62 (6 SPs/50g. SPs50g SPsg SPs/50g 50g g SPs/50g) occur μFTIR μ FTIR spectra polypropylene polyethylene polyamide polyester cardboardcellulose cardboard cellulose e.g., eg e (e.g. sizes Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 e.g.,less egless less discussed mostly users user s crucial (PCA/ANOVA 3 ~38 (~38% 49 (4 SPs/m 6 ( e.g. (e.g Covid1 1 Covid- ~3 (~38 4 e.g ~ (~3 (~

ABSTRACT Sandy shorelines show heightened susceptibility to alterations, highlighting the importance of reliable field measurements in forecasting coastal evolution. This study offers direct hydrodynamic measurements from the upper shoreface of a sandy beach in Paraná. We observed five distinct oceanographic conditions, including a high-energy event. Notably, wave height showed a positive correlation with northward longshore currents. During pre- and post-frontal periods, cross-shore flow predominates over longshore currents, particularly evident during low tides with pronounced offshore flow. These findings provide valuable insights for researchers seeking to quantify and model longshore sediment transport dynamics and morphological changes along sandy coastlines. alterations evolution Paraná conditions highenergy high energy event Notably currents pre postfrontal post frontal periods crossshore cross shore coastlines

Abstract Beach classification models are widely used to describe the state of the beach in response to the prevailing environmental conditions and have set the theoretical grounds for equilibrium and in-plant profile models of a beach and their various applications. This study determined the morphodynamic state of 54 sandy biogenic beaches on the northeast coast of Cuba. This was done based on the identification of coastal geoforms found in land works between August 2018 and March 2022 and the geoforms identified in high-resolution satellite images from Google Earth Pro (CNES/Airbus, Maxar Technologies). In addition, on 12 representative beaches on the northeast coast, we explored whether the coastal geoforms indicative of certain morphological states observed during fieldwork match those predicted by the Ω dimensionless parameter or Dean’s index, which classified beaches as dissipative, reflective, and intermediate. The main geomorphological features include an average beach width of more than 50 m, an 11 m-wide face, and a narrow or absent flat zone with a mean height of 1.35 m, lacking cusps and rhythmic topography, except for 26 % of beaches and only in winter. The submerged zone shows a low sand bar without rip currents. Coral reefs that protect the beaches from the highest waves in 93 % of the cases represent the distinctive geomorphological feature of the beaches studied. The dimensionless parameter confirmed that the beaches of Cuba’s northeast coast correspond to intermediate morphodynamic states with a trend toward reflective rather than dissipative modal states. These findings correspond to the coastal geoforms and sediment granulometry on the beaches studied. The figures obtained with the dimensionless parameter Ω and the sedimentary characteristics of the beaches are consistent with the characteristics of intermediate beaches reported by Australian researchers, but we did not find the geoforms for intermediate beaches reported by them. The beaches studied showed no rip currents, chains of coastal furrows, low-tide terraces, marked rhythmic topography, and cusps. Other studies have also pointed out that the beach classification proposed by Australian researchers, which considers the characteristics of waves and the sedimentation rate, is not always applicable. In the study area, this is mainly due to the presence of coral reefs close to the coast, low wave energy, and the influence of geological factors, in addition to the prevalence of longitudinal over transverse sand transport. Our results confirm that beach classification considering their morphodynamic state is essential to understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of the hydrodynamic processes on beaches and contributes to a better local and regional knowledge of them. In addition, they highlight that the hydrodynamic and sedimentary characteristics of each coastline should be studied before using beach equilibrium profile models and the equations derived from them for erosion control actions.

Resumen Los modelos de clasificación de playa son ampliamente usados para describir el estado de la playa en respuesta a las condiciones ambientales reinantes y han establecido las bases teóricas sobre los modelos de perfil de equilibrio y en planta de una playa y sus diversas aplicaciones. En el estudio se determina el estado morfodinámico en 54 playas biogénicas arenosas del litoral nororiental de Cuba, a partir de la identificación de las geoformas litorales encontradas en trabajos de terrenos, para el periodo comprendido entre agosto de 2018 y marzo del año 2022, y las geoformas identificadas en imágenes satelitales de alta resolución de Google Earth Pro (CNES/Airbus, Maxar Technologies). Además, se comprobó en 12 playas representativas del litoral nororiental, si las geoformas litorales observadas en los trabajos de campo, indicativas de ciertos estados morfológicos, se corresponden con las pronosticadas mediante el parámetro adimensional Ω o Índice de Dean, que permite clasificar las playas en disipativas, reflejantes e intermedias. Como rasgos geomorfológicos fundamentales destacan un ancho medio de la playa superior a 50 m, una cara de 11 m de ancho y bermas estrechas o ausentes, con altura media de 1.35 m, sin la presencia de cúspides y topografías rítmicas, excepto en el 26% de las playas y únicamente en la etapa invernal. En la parte sumergida aparece una barra de arena de poca altura, sin la presencia de corrientes de resaca. La presencia de arrecifes coralinos que protegen las playas del oleaje de mayor altura, en el 93% de los casos, constituye el rasgo geomorfológico más significativo de las playas objeto de estudio. El cálculo del parámetro adimensional confirmó que las playas del litoral nororiental de Cuba corresponden a estados morfodinámicos de tipo intermedio y tienden más a estados modales reflejantes que disipativos, resultados que se corresponden con las geoformas litorales y la granulometría de los sedimentos encontrados en las playas objetos de estudio. Aun cuando las características reportadas por investigadores australianos, para playas intermedias coincidan con los valores pronosticados mediante el cálculo del parámetro adimensional Ω y con las características sedimentarias de las playas, las geoformas reportadas por estos, para playas intermedias, no fueron encontradas en las playas objeto de estudio. En ellas no aparecen corrientes de retorno, cadenas de surcos litorales, terrazas de bajamar, marcada topografía rítmica y cúspides. Otros estudios también han señalado que no siempre se cumple la clasificación de las playas, que tiene en cuenta las características de las olas y la velocidad de caída de los sedimentos, propuestas por investigadores australianos, debido particularmente a la presencia de arrecifes coralinos cercanos a la costa, la baja energía del oleaje y el control geológico. A ello habría que añadir el predominio del transporte longitudinal de arena sobre el transporte transversal en el área de estudio. Los resultados confirman que la clasificación de las playas, atendiendo a su estado morfodinámico es esencial para comprender la dinámica espacio-temporal de los procesos hidrodinámicos que tienen lugar en las playas y un mejor conocimiento local y regional de las mismas. Además, reafirman la necesidad de contar con estudios específicos de las características hidrodinámicas y sedimentarias propias de cada litoral, antes de extrapolar modelos de perfil de equilibrio en playas y las ecuaciones que se deriven de ellos en las actuaciones para el control de la erosión.

We report radiocarbon dates obtained from on-shore marine and near-shore terrestrial deposits near Yzerfontein, on the West Coast of South Africa. These deposits include Late Pleistocene shell concretions from the southern end of 16 Mile Beach and a marine shell deposit inland of the coastal Rooipan (Red Pan); mid-Holocene coastal pan deposits exposed by modern storm erosion of the sandy 16 Mile Beach; and four Holocene storm beach deposits on a rocky shore to the south. We interpret the results in terms of local geomorphology constraints on sea-level fluctuations. The eastern margin of Rooipan is a >40 ka elevated beach deposit in a dune cordon that separates it from the adjacent Yzerfonteinpan. Both pans have gypsum deposits up to 2 m thick formed by repeated marine overwash. Saline pan deposits that are exposed intermittently on the beach are mid-Holocene and indicate a former westward extension of Rooipan. This is in contrast to storm beaches dating 8000-2600 cal BP at higher elevations on a rocky platform further south. This suggests that a dune barrier existed seaward of the present shoreline near Rooipan at this time. The coastal changes described here show that deposition and erosion can be affected significantly by the local palaeogeomorphology and cannot be ascribed solely to sea-level change. SIGNIFICANCE: Mollusc shells from Yzerfontein, Western Cape Province, South Africa, show radiocarbon ages ranging from >40 000 years to a few decades before present. There is evidence for elevated sea levels between 8000 and 2600 years ago, and sea levels similar to the present in the last 2000 years. Neither the elevation of the deposits nor their ages conform to published sea-level change curves for the Western Cape coast. Inundation by rising sea levels in the Holocene was not spatially uniform. Former and present geomorphology have had a significant effect on deposition and preservation of indicators of sea-level change.

Resumen: El modelado de la línea de costa es indicativo de las tendencias a las que está sometido el sistema costero, ya que es la zona de contacto de la transición continente-océano. En este contexto, los arcos de las playas de Restinga de Marambaia y Macumba/Recreio-Barra da Tijuca (SE de Brasil) fueron evaluados en cuanto a la respuesta de la línea de costa a los forzamientos meteoceanográficos en las escalas temporales de largo y medio plazo, así como se mapearon sus grados de vulnerabilidad. En la escala de largo plazo (1986-2018), se utilizaron imágenes satelitales Landsat, datos de reanálisis de olas del modelo WaveWatch3, registros meteorológicos y mediciones del nivel medio del mar. En la escala de mediano plazo (2016-2018), se levantaron once perfiles topográficos, con muestreo de sedimentos, en las playas de Macumba/Recreio-Barra, además del análisis de registros de boyas oceanográficas en aguas profundas y poco profundas. Por último, estas informaciones permitieron la elaboración de un Índice de Vulnerabilidad de la Costa a la erosión y a las inundaciones. En general, el 18% de la línea de costa está erosionada, el 52% está estable y el 30% avanza. En el periodo analizado, se contabilizaron unos 400 eventos de tormentas, que durante los años de La Niña fueron más enérgicos y culminaron en una erosión más severa. El nivel del mar en la región muestra una tendencia al aumento (1,93 mm/año). La combinación de estos resultados y el grado de ocupación urbana de las playas estudiadas muestran una baja vulnerabilidad en el sector occidental de Marambaia, mientras que los sectores centrales y extremo oriental son altamente vulnerables. En Macumba, el sector oeste presenta una baja vulnerabilidad, en contraste con el sector este que es muy vulnerable. En el arco Recreio-Barra, la vulnerabilidad aumenta de oeste a este. Esto indica que la influencia humana desempeña un papel importante en las zonas que son naturalmente propensas a una alta vulnerabilidad, lo que requiere una mayor comprensión de las condiciones naturales asociadas a las intervenciones humanas.

Abstract: The coastline pattern is indicative of the trends to which the coastal system is subjected, since it is the contact interface of the continent-ocean transition. In this context, the Restinga da Marambaia and the Macumba/Recreio-Barra da Tijuca beach arcs (SE Brazil) were evaluated as to shoreline response to meteo-oceanographic forcings at the long and medium term time scales, as well as their vulnerability degrees were mapped. On the long-term scale (1986-2018), Landsat satellite imagery, wave reanalysis data from the WaveWatch3 model, meteorological records, and mean sea level measurements were used. At the medium-term scale (2016-2018), eleven topographic profiles were surveyed, with sediment sampling, at Macumba/Recreio-Barra beaches, in addition to the analysis of oceanographic buoy records in deep and shallow waters. Finally, this information allowed the elaboration of a Coastal Vulnerability Index to erosion and flooding. In general, 18% of the coastline is eroded, 52% is stable, and 30% is advancing. In the analyzed period, about 400 storm events were accounted for, which during the La Niña years were more energetic and culminated in more severe erosion. The sea level in the region shows a tendency to increase (1.93 mm/year). The combination of these results and the degree of urban occupation of the studied beaches show low vulnerability in the western sector of Marambaia, while the central and extreme eastern sectors are highly vulnerable. In Macumba the western sector exhibits low vulnerability, in contrast with the eastern sector that is very vulnerable. In the Recreio-Barra arc, vulnerability increases from west to east. These are indicative that human influence plays an important role in areas that are naturally prone to high vulnerability, requiring a greater understanding of the natural conditions associated with human interventions.

Resumo: O comportamento da linha de costa é um indicativo das tendências à que o sistema costeiro está submetido, pois é a interface de contato da transição continente-oceano. Neste sentido, a Restinga da Marambaia e os arcos praiais Macumba/Recreio-Barra da Tijuca (SE do Brasil) foram avaliados quanto à resposta da linha de costa às forçantes meteo-oceanográficas nas escalas temporais de longo e médio prazo, bem como foram mapeados seus graus de vulnerabilidade. Na escala de longo prazo (1986-2018), foram utilizadas imagens de satélite Landsat, dados de reanálise de ondas do modelo WaveWatch3, registros meteorológicos e medições do nível médio do mar. Na escala de médio prazo (2016-2018), foram levantados onze perfis topográficos, com coleta de amostras de sedimentos, nas praias Macumba/Recreio-Barra, além da análise dos registros de boias oceanográficas em águas profundas e rasas. Por fim, estas informações permitiram elaborar um Índice de Vulnerabilidade Costeira à erosão e inundação. De modo geral, 18% da linha de costa encontra-se sob erosão, 52% encontra-se estável e 30% está avançando. No período analisado, foram contabilizados cerca de 400 eventos de tempestade, que durante os anos de La Niña foram mais energéticos e culminaram em uma erosão mais severa. O nível do mar na região apresenta tendência de aumento (1,93 mm/ano). O reflexo destes resultados, somado aos graus de ocupação urbana nas praias estudadas, exibem baixa vulnerabilidade no setor oeste da Marambaia, enquanto que os setores central e extremo leste configuram-se como altamente vulneráveis. Na Macumba o setor oeste exibe baixa vulnerabilidade, em contraste com o setor leste que é muito vulnerável. No arco Recreio-Barra nota-se o aumento da vulnerabilidade de oeste para leste. Estes resultados indicam que a influência antrópica tem um papel importante em áreas que são naturalmente propensas à alta vulnerabilidade, exigindo uma maior compreensão das condições naturais associadas às intervenções antrópicas.

Abstract. Sandy beaches are among the most extensive coastal ecosystems in Brazil and constitute important buffer zones between terrestrial and marine environments. The present study aimed to analyze the distribution and spatiotemporal variation of the meiofaunal community of an urban tropical sandy beach in northeastern Brazil with a particular focus on nematofauna. We set up 4 transects during 2 sampling periods to evaluate different beach zones. The meiofauna comprised 8 taxa, and the nematofauna consisted of 5 orders, 16 families, and 45 genera. The meiofaunal communities followed the qualitative-quantitative standards of those of other tropical sandy beaches in northeastern Brazil. The nematofaunal community showed variation in its composition and trophic structure between dry and rainy months, which were not significantly correlated with granulometric characteristics. This suggests that other variables may influence the structure of nematofaunal communities in Gaibu Beach. Further research on the biodiversity of the meiofaunal communities on sandy beaches in northeastern Brazil is urgently needed given the lack of available information of these environments and the extreme stress they are currently under.

Resumen. Las playas arenosas son uno de los ecosistemas costeros más extensos de Brasil y constituyen importantes zonas de amortiguamiento entre el ambiente terrestre y el marino. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la distribución y la variación espaciotemporal de la comunidad meiofaunal de una playa arenosa tropical urbana con particular énfasis en la nematofauna. Establecimos 4 transectos durante 2 periodos de muestreo para evaluar diferentes zonas de playa. La meiofauna estuvo compuesta por 8 taxones, y la nematofauna consistió en 5 órdenes, 16 familias y 45 géneros. Las comunidades meiofaunales siguieron los estándares cualitativos-cuantitativos de las de otras playas arenosas tropicales en el noreste de Brasil. La comunidad nematofaunal presentó variación en su composición y estructura trófica entre los meses secos y los lluviosos, los cuales no presentaron correlación significativa con las características granulométricas. Esto sugiere que otras variables pueden influir en la estructura de las comunidades nematofaunales en la playa de Gaibu. Se requieren urgentemente más estudios de investigación sobre la biodiversidad de las comunidades meiofaunales en las playas arenosas del noreste de Brasil debido a la falta de información disponible sobre estos ambientes y el estrés extremo bajo al que están sujetas.

ABSTRACT We characterized the surf-zone fish assemblage structure of an ocean beach on the central coast of Brazil (Guriri Beach, Espírito Santo) and assessed its diel variability. Like the entire Espírito Santo coast, Guriri Beach was also affected by ore tailings from the Fundão dam, which collapsed on November 5, 2015. Monthly samplings were carried out before the dam collapse along a year cycle (May 2013-April 2014), during the day and night in the neap tide, using a beach seine. A total of 2217 specimens were caught (1017 during the day and 1200 at night), distributed in 36 fish species and 20 families. Juveniles of the kingcroaker Menticirrhus spp., great pompano Trachinotus goodei, Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus, littlescale threadfin Polydactylus oligodon, and Atlantic sabretooth anchovy Lycengraulis grossidens dominated the fish fauna, accounting for 84% of the total capture. The fish assemblage structure changed irregularly between day and night throughout the year. P. oligodon and Menticirrhus spp. were more abundant at night, whereas T. carolinus and L. grossidens were more abundant during the day. In most cases, no significant change was detected in fish abundance and richness between the day and night; when significant differences were detected, abundance and richness were higher at night. Our findings could support a monitoring program of the local surf-zone fish fauna and serve as before-impact data, allowing more accurate quantification of the ore tailings' impacts on the local fish biodiversity.

Resumo Este estudo estimou as relações comprimento-peso de 16 espécies de peixes que ocorrem às margens de praias arenosas ao longo da bacia do baixo Rio Negro, Amazônia brasileira. As espécies foram capturadas durante um dia de cada mês, de outubro a novembro de 2016, no início da manhã e no início da noite, usando rede de cerco (20 m de comprimento e 3,5 m de altura, 5 malha mm entre nós opostos). As medidas foram feitas para comprimento padrão (SL - precisão de 0,1 cm) e peso total (TW - precisão de 0,01 g). Os parâmetros a e b da equação WT = a.LTb foram estimados. Os valores de a variaram de 0,0018 a 0,0226 e os valores de b variaram de 2,5271 a 3,3244. Este estudo também fornece novos dados sobre comprimentos máximos para seis espécies, Amazonsprattus scintilla, Brycon pesu, Moenkhausia megalops, Pachyurus paucirastrus, Reganella depressa e Trachydoras microstomus, e novos reportes dos parâmetros da LWRs de 15 espécies de peixes.

Abstract This study estimated the length–weight relationships of 16 fish species occurring close to the shores of sandy beaches along the lower Negro River basin, Brazilian Amazon. The specimens were captured for one day each month, in October to November 2016, early in the morning and early evening, using trawl net (20 m taken for standard length (SL – 0.1 cm precision) and total weight (TW – 0.01 g precision). The parameters a and b of the equation WT = a.LTb were estimated. The a values ranged from 0.0018 to 0.0226 and b values ranged from 2.5271 to 3.3244. This study also provides new data on of maximum lengths for six species, Amazonsprattus scintilla, Brycon pesu, Moenkhausia megalops, Pachyurus paucirastrus, Reganella depressa and Trachydoras microstomus, and new reports of the LWRs parameters of 15 fish species.

RESUMEN Los residuos sólidos constituyen una grave amenaza para la fauna marina, y pueden afectar negativamente actividades como turismo, pesca y navegación. La isla de San Andrés es uno de los principales destinos turísticos de Colombia, y su principal atractivo son las playas y los ecosistemas marinos. Sin embargo, un comportamiento impropio de parte de turistas y residentes sobre la disposición de los residuos sólidos puede afectar la estética de las playas de la isla y también perjudicar la diversidad marina. El objetivo de esa investigación fue determinar la cantidad de residuos sólidos en las principales playas de la isla. Se muestrearon tres playas turísticas por 10 semanas. Se colectaron 9894 unidades de residuos, equivalentes a 23 212,47 g. El grado de limpieza de cada playa fue estimado usando el Clean Coast Index; dos de las tres playas resultaron “muy sucias” mientras la tercera resultó “sucia”. La mayor parte de los residuos estuvo constituida por plástico (59,5 % del peso total), seguido por vidrio (20,4 %). Debido a los efectos negativos y la persistencia de los residuos sólidos sobre la fauna costera, es necesario mejorar el manejo de los residuos sólidos en la isla, y mejorar los programas educativos para residentes y turistas.

ABSTRACT San Andres Island is one of the main touristic places in Colombia, and its main attractions are its sandy beaches and the marine coastal ecosystems, such as coral reef and seagrass beds. However improper behavior of both residents and tourists on solid residue disposal may threaten not only the aesthetic of the island´s beaches, but also poses risk to marine life. The objective of this research was to assess the amount of litter on the main beaches of the island. We surveyed three popular beaches for ten weeks. We collected 9894 units of litter, equivalent to a weight of 23 212.47 g. Beach cleanliness was estimated using the Clean Coast Index, and two of the three sites resulted “extremely dirty”, while the third was classified as “dirty”. The majority of the litter was plastic (59.5 % of total weight), followed by glass (20.4 %). Due to the persistence and negative effects of solid waste on coastal fauna, it is necessary to improve the management of litter disposal, and improve educational programs for both residents and tourists, to increase their awareness on the problem.

Abstract In 2019, a massive oil spill impacted coastal ecosystems in eleven Brazilian states; these ecosystems were diverse with regard to their different geological settings (sandy beaches, rocky coasts, estuaries, tidal flats, mangroves, and reef systems) being impacted. Here, we present a temporal analysis on the occurrence of remaining contaminants on three beaches (Paiva, Itapuama, and Enseada) of the Cabo de Santo Agostinho City, Pernambuco State. The approach focuses on the systematic mapping of residues, collection of sediment samples, photographic documentation, and qualitative microscopic analysis. Grain size, calcium carbonate, and total organic matter content analyses provided a faciological and energetic characterization of the environment. The objective was to verify the relationship between the remaining contaminants and the geological setting. The results showed intense weathering of the remaining oil residues due to the high energy environment. We found tar balls reworked by seasonal erosion on the three beaches and no tar residues in shallow subsurface sediments. A large quantity of tar residues remains on rock surfaces in Itapuama Beach, which bears the higher permanence of contamination because it is less affected by weathering and beach erosion. This investigation allowed for an impact assessment of the geological-morphological characteristics of the beaches.

RESUMO Zonas de arrebentação são importantes para os estágios iniciais de várias espécies de peixes por apresentarem características como alta produção fitoplanctônica, disponibilidade alimentar diversificada e abrigo contra predadores. A ação das ondas nestes ambientes proporciona a ciclagem de nutrientes e eleva a turbidez, tornando as zonas de arrebentação ambientes de berçário ideais para diversas espécies de peixes, incluindo os clupeiformes. Espécies de Clupeiformes possuem alto valor ecológico e econômico, por serem peixes abundantes em zonas de arrebentação em praias arenosas tropicais com significativa importância pesqueira. Estudos sobre sua ecologia alimentar e utilização do ambiente são relevantes, e um dos métodos para aprimorar este conhecimento é a aplicação de análises ecomorfológicas, que auxiliam no entendimento das interações ecológicas das espécies e suas adaptações. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar as relações ecomorfológicas e inferir sobre a ecologia alimentar de oito espécies de clupeiformes simpátricas em uma praia arenosa tropical Brasileira. Foram analisadas dez variáveis ecomorfológicas de indivíduos pertencentes as espécies Anchoa tricolor (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), Anchoa januaria (Steindachner, 1879), Anchovia clupeoides (Swainson, 1839), Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911), Lycengraulis grossidens (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), Chirocentrodon bleekerianus (Poey, 1867), Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) e Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818), cujos valores foram empregados em uma análise de componentes principais (PCA) com os dois primeiros eixos explicando 58,92% da variância total. Uma elevada sobreposição morfológica entre as espécies de Engraulidae foi observada, com exceção de A. clupeoides, que se diferenciou das demais por apresentar maiores valores do índice de compressão e índice de compressão do pedúnculo caudal. As espécies de Clupeidae diferiram das demais famílias devido aos elevados valores de altura relativa e comprimento relativo da cabeça, o que também mostrou diferenças entre as próprias espécies, tendo H. clupeola apresentado maiores valores destas variáveis. O representante de Pristigasteridae apresentou sobreposição intermediária entre as espécies das demais famílias, devido ao seu corpo altamente comprimido, mas com baixos escores de altura relativa, comprimento relativo do pedúnculo e aspecto da boca. A diferenciação morfológica entre as famílias, e até mesmo entre espécies de uma mesma família, indica divergências de nicho, mostrando que apesar de sua proximidade filogenética, existem diferenças em suas interações ecológicas, possivelmente contribuindo para a sua coexistência.

ABSTRACT Surf zones are important for early life stages of several fish species for presenting characteristics such as high phytoplanktonic production, diverse food availability and shelter against predators. The action of waves in this environment provides nutrient cycling and increase the turbidity making surf zones ideal nursery environments for diverse species of fish, including clupeiforms. Clupeiform species have a great ecological and economic value for being abundant fish in tropical sandy beaches surf zones with significant fisheries importance. Studies about their feeding ecology and environment use are relevant, and one of the methods improving this knowledge is the application of ecomorphological analyses, which helps understanding species ecological interactions and their adaptations. In this context, the present study aimed to identify the ecomorphological relations and infer about the feeding ecology of eight sympatric clupeiform species in a Brazilian tropical sandy beach. Ten ecomorphological variables were analyzed of individuals belonging to the species Anchoa tricolor (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), Anchoa januaria (Steindachner, 1879), Anchovia clupeoides (Swainson, 1839), Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911), Lycengraulis grossidens (Spix & Agassiz, 1829), Chirocentrodon bleekerianus (Poey, 1867), Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, 1829) and Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818), whose values were employed in a principal component analysis (PCA) with the two first axis explaining 58.92% of the total variance. A high morphological overlap between the species of Engraulidae was observed with the exception of A. clupeoides, which differed from the others for presenting higher values of the compression index and caudal peduncle compression index. The Clupeidae species differed from the other families due to higher values of relative height and relative head length which also showed differences between the species themselves, having H. clupeola presented the highest values of these variables. The representative of Pristigasteridae showed an intermediate overlap between the species of the other families because of its highly compressed body but with low scores of relative height, caudal peduncle relative length and mouth aspect ratio. The morphological differentiation between the families and even between species from the same family indicates niche divergences, showing that besides their phylogenetical proximity there are differences in their ecological interactions which possibly contribute to their coexistence.

Resumen: Antecedentes y Objetivos: La restauración ecológica se ha centrado en los componentes físicos y vegetales de los ecosistemas, y ha dejado de lado a la fauna silvestre y sus interacciones. Chelonia mydas es un macroherbívoro en peligro de extinción que anida en playas de México y Cuba, e influye en la vegetación costera con aportaciones de materia orgánica. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron analizar su recuperación poblacional, un índice del verdor de la vegetación de duna, así como la cantidad de materia orgánica estimada de sus nidadas antes y después de la implementación de una Norma Oficial Mexicana. Métodos: Se analizaron datos de entre dos y tres décadas de monitoreo biológico en 16 playas de anidación de Chelonia mydas; a partir de ellos se realizaron tres niveles de análisis de indicadores demográficos, la aportación de materia orgánica de las tortugas en la playa y el vigor vegetal a partir de sensores remotos, además de aplicar los estadísticos pertinentes. Resultados clave: Hubo un crecimiento exponencial del número de anidaciones de tortuga verde (entre 12 y 14% anual), asociado con pulsos de reclutamiento poblacional en los años 2000 y 2008. El aporte de materia orgánica a la playa fue significativamente mayor después de un cambio en la estrategia para manejo de las nidadas en México, y se detectó un incremento en el verdor de la vegetación de duna en zonas de anidación alta de Chelonia mydas. Conclusiones: El incremento de las poblaciones de tortuga verde lleva a reflexionar acerca de las implicaciones que tiene la recuperación de especies de fauna sobre otras comunidades en los ecosistemas que habitan, lo que demanda el análisis de los paradigmas actuales y la adaptación de estrategias que atiendan sus necesidades de manejo, procurando las condiciones de integridad ecológica de sus hábitats.

Abstract: Background and Aims: Ecological restoration has focused on the physical and vegetation components of ecosystems, leaving aside studies on wild fauna and their interactions. Chelonia mydas is an endangered macroherbivore that nests on sandy beaches of Mexico and Cuba, and influences the coastal vegetation with organic matter contributions. The objectives of this study were to analyze its population recovery, a greenness index for dune vegetation, and the amount of organic matter estimated from its clutches before and after the implementation of an official Mexican norm. Methods: Biological data obtained from two and three decades of monitoring 16 Chelonia mydas nesting beaches were analyzed; based on these, three levels of demographic indexes were carried out, the contribution of organic matter by marine turtles to the beach and the vegetal vigor using remote sensing, besides implementing the pertinent statistical analysis. Key results: There was an exponential increase of the green turtle nests (between 12 and 14% per year), associated with population recruitment pulses in 2000 and 2008. The contribution of organic matter to the beach was significantly higher after a change in clutches management in Mexico, and an increase in the dune vegetation greenness was detected in high Chelonia mydas nesting zones. Conclusions: The increase of the green turtle populations invites to reflex about the implications of the recovery of species of fauna have on other communities in the ecosystems they inhabit, demanding the analysis of the actual paradigms and the adaptation strategies that attend their management needs, procuring the ecological integrity conditions of their habitats.

Abstract Sandy beaches are the main recreational ecosystems of the world, enabling high ecological impacts, especially on the benthic macrofauna, which inhabit the sandy matrix and have a low capacity of locomotion. Cassino Beach, located in southern Brazil, has intense vehicle traffic during the summer, so the purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of vehicles on the key species Amarilladesma mactroides and Donax hanleyanus. For this purpose, samplings were performed in three sectors of this beach (High Impact, Moderate Impact and Control) during six periods of the year. The results showed lower densities of both bivalves in the High Impact sector than in to the other sectors in all periods, except in first summer sampling, and a predominance of recruits throughout the study. Thus, it suggests that the two species were influenced by the intense vehicle traffic, especially in the most impacted sector. In this way, we conclude that these bivalves could be used as good indicators of pulse disturbance by vehicle traffic on this beach and the results can support in management plans regarding the use of Cassino Beach, considering ecological aspects of this ecosystem in addition to economic and cultural demands.