RESUMO: O melão de polpa alaranjada honeydew apresenta elevado potencial nutricional e econômico, sendo amplamente apreciado como fruta doce e refrescante. Portanto, avaliar amostras comerciais de produtos tão relevantes para o mercado de frutas frescas é de grande importância. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a capacidade antioxidante, os parâmetros de qualidade e a composição química de melões do mercado brasileiro. Os valores de pH e ºBrix determinados para as amostras de melão foram 6,5 ± 0,30 e 9,2 ± 0,80 g/100 g (peso fresco), respectivamente, o que está de acordo com os resultados esperados para melões de alta qualidade. A análise cromatográfica revelou a sacarose (49% do açúcar total) como principal açúcar, seguida pela frutose (30%) e glicose (21%). Os carotenóides, que estão diretamente ligados à cor laranja característica, apresentaram teor total de 270,59 µg/g (peso seco). Além disso, o maior valor de b* comparado ao valor de a* indica a maior contribuição da cor amarela. Quanto ao potencial antioxidante, além de apresentar capacidade antioxidante para ambos os métodos aplicados, DPPH e FRAP, níveis variando de 16,40 ± 0,21 µmol equivalente de ácido ascórbico/g a 56,98 ± 0,80 µmol equivalente de Trolox/g (peso seco) foram encontrados nos extratos de melão. Ademais, os resultados foram maiores em termos de FRAP do que em DPPH. Desta forma, os resultados destacam os melões avaliados como fontes valiosas de compostos bioativos, como carotenóides e fenólicos, que contribuem para suas propriedades antioxidantes. Além disso, análises de cor, pH e teor de sólidos solúveis totais também refletem os atributos de qualidade. RESUMO econômico refrescante Portanto importância brasileiro 65 6 5 6, 030 0 30 0,3 92 9 2 9, 080 80 0,8 g100 100 g/10 peso fresco, fresco , fresco) respectivamente 49% 49 (49 30% (30% 21%. 21 21% . (21%) característica 27059 270 59 270,5 µgg µg seco. seco disso b amarela aplicados 1640 16 40 16,4 021 0,2 ascórbicog ascórbico 5698 56 98 56,9 Troloxg Trolox Ademais forma bioativos fenólicos antioxidantes 03 3 0, 08 8 g10 10 g/1 4 (4 (30 (21% 2705 27 270, 164 1 16, 02 569 56, g1 g/ ( (3 (21 (2

ABSTRACT: Orange-fleshed non-netted honeydew melon has high nutritional and economic potential, being widely appreciated as a refreshing sweet fruit. Therefore, evaluating commercial samples of such relevant products for the fresh fruit market is of great importance. This study investigated the antioxidant capacity, quality parameters, and chemical composition of honeydew melons from the Brazilian market. The values of pH and °Brix determined for melon samples were 6.5 ± 0.30 and 9.2 ± 0.80 g/100 g (fresh weight), respectively, which agree with the results expected for high-quality melons. The chromatography analysis revealed sucrose (49% of total sugar) as the main sugar, followed by fructose (30%) and glucose (21%). Carotenoids, which are directly linked to the characteristic orange color, showed a total level of 270.59 µg/g (dry weight). Additionally, the higher b* value compared to a* value indicates the highest yellow contribution. Regarding the antioxidant assays, in addition to presenting antioxidant capacity for both methods applied, DPPH and FRAP, levels ranging from 16.40 ± 0.21 µmol ascorbic acid equivalent/g to 56.98 ± 0.80 µmol Trolox equivalent/g (dry weight) were reported in melon extracts. Moreover, the results were higher in terms of FRAP than DPPH. Therefore, the results underscore the evaluated honeydew melons as valuable sources of bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids and phenolics, which contribute to their antioxidant properties. Besides, analyses of color, pH, and total soluble solids content also reflect the quality attributes. ABSTRACT Orangefleshed Orange fleshed nonnetted non netted potential Therefore importance parameters Brix 65 6 5 6. 030 0 30 0.3 92 9 2 9. 080 80 0.8 g100 100 g/10 weight, weight , respectively highquality 49% 49 (49 sugar 30% (30% 21%. 21 21% . (21%) Carotenoids color 27059 270 59 270.5 µgg µg dry weight. Additionally b contribution assays applied 1640 16 40 16.4 021 0.2 equivalentg equivalent 5698 56 98 56.9 extracts Moreover compounds phenolics properties Besides attributes 03 3 0. 08 8 g10 10 g/1 4 (4 (30 (21% 2705 27 270. 164 1 16. 02 569 56. g1 g/ ( (3 (21 (2

RESUMO: O estudo de adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade é importante para selecionar e recomendar genótipos superiores. Esse fato é particularmente válido para a introdução de cultivares de feijão comum no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, cuja produção é ínfima e não atende a demanda interna. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar parâmetros genéticos e ganhos de seleção e realizar uma seleção simultânea para adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade de genótipos de feijão preto através de modelos mistos. O estudo foi realizado em três municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro e em três anos agrícolas. Os ensaios foram instalados em delineamento de blocos casualizados com 11 genótipos e três repetições. Observou-se alta herdabilidade média (81%), acurácia seletiva (90%) e boas perspectivas de seleção. Também foram observados ganhos satisfatórios para a característica entre 1,03 e 9,49%. A seleção simultânea foi eficiente e permitiu selecionar duas linhagens de feijão preto CNFP (15290 e 15361) como sendo as mais produtivas, adaptáveis e estáveis e, portanto, têm potencial para serem lançadas como novas cultivares de feijão preto para o estado do Rio de Janeiro. RESUMO adaptabilidade superiores Brasil interna Assim mistos agrícolas 1 repetições Observouse Observou se 81%, 81 81% , (81%) 90% 90 (90% 103 03 1,0 949 9 49 9,49% 15290 (1529 15361 produtivas portanto 8 (81% (90 10 0 1, 94 4 9,49 1529 (152 1536 (81 (9 9,4 152 (15 153 (8 ( 9, 15 (1

ABSTRACT: The study of adaptability, stability, and productivity is essential for selecting and recommending superior genotypes. This fact is particularly the case for the introduction of common bean cultivars in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, whose production is negligible and does not meet the internal demand. Thus, this study estimated genetic parameters and selection gains and undertake a simultaneous selection for adaptability, stability, and productivity in black bean genotypes via mixed models. The investigation was carried out in three municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro during three crop years. The trials were set up in a randomized block design with 11 genotypes and three replications. High mean heritability (81%) and selection accuracy (90%), as well as good selection prospects, were observed. Gains between 1.03 and 9.49% were achieved for grain yield. Simultaneous selection was efficient, indicating two black bean lines (CNFP 15290 and CNFP 15361) as the most productive, adaptable, and stable. As such, these lines have the potential to be released as new black bean cultivars for the state of Rio de Janeiro. ABSTRACT adaptability stability Brazil demand Thus models years 1 replications 81% 81 (81% 90%, 90 90% , (90%) prospects observed 103 03 1.0 949 9 49 9.49 yield efficient 1529 15361 productive adaptable stable such 8 (81 (90% 10 0 1. 94 4 9.4 152 1536 (8 (90 9. 15 153 ( (9

Abstract The objective of this research is to identify and describe the main domains and subdomains of the entrepreneurial ecosystem that drive entrepreneurship in Mexico and establish their relationship with the entrepreneurial intention. For this purpose, a structured direct questionnaire was developed which was applied to 1,141 students of accounting, administration, and computer science majors, from the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. A descriptive, correlational, and multivariate analysis was carried out. The results allow to know that the training of an entrepreneur integrates social, cultural and economic knowledge, which increases the probability of creating successful entrepreneurship; however, knowledge of the business environment does not represent a strength for students, specifically they lack knowledge about the financing sources. Regarding the students' perception about the market and human capital, it was found that they have a notion of the elements that allow increasing sales in an organization and know how to recognize the importance of human capital. On the other hand, students express concern about procedures and corruption, which are barriers that usually prevent entrepreneurship in Mexico; likewise, they require more information about entrepreneurship support services.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar y describir los principales dominios y subdominios del ecosistema emprendedor que favorecen el emprendimiento en México, y establecer su relación con la intención de emprendimiento, para ello se elaboró un cuestionario directo estructurado el cual fue aplicado a 1,141 estudiantes de las carreras de contaduría, administración e informática, de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se realizó un análisis descriptivo, correlacional y multivariado. Los resultados permiten saber que la formación de un emprendedor integra conocimientos sociales, culturales y económicos, lo cual incrementa las probabilidades de crear emprendimientos exitosos, sin embargo, el conocimiento del ambiente empresarial no representa una fortaleza para los estudiantes, específicamente carecen de conocimientos sobre las fuentes de financiamiento. Respecto a la percepción de los estudiantes acerca del mercado y del capital humano, se encontró que estos tienen noción de los elementos que permiten incrementar las ventas en una organización y saben reconocer la importancia del capital humano. Por otra parte, los estudiantes manifiestan preocupación por los trámites y la corrupción que son barreras que suelen impedir el emprendimiento en México; asimismo, requieren de más información sobre de los servicios de apoyo al emprendimiento.

ABSTRACT. Part of the legal literature and jurisprudence have indicated that the Vienna Convention on the International Sale of Goods contains a general right of retention based on the interpretation of several provisions of the Convention, including Article 58 and Article 71. This work analyzes these articles to determine if they are cases of the right of retention, or rather they establish cases of exceptio non adimpleti contractus in its various modalities.

RESUMEN. Parte de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia han señalado que la Convención de Viena sobre compraventa internacional de mercaderías contempla un derecho de retención general a partir de la interpretación de varios artículos de la Convención, entre ellos, el artículo 58 y el artículo 71. El presente trabajo analiza estos artículos para determinar si realmente se trata de supuestos de derecho de retención o si, más bien, establecen supuestos de excepción de contrato no cumplido en sus diversas modalidades.

Resumen Antecedentes: Actualmente muchos paisajes están dominados por suelos degradados con baja disponibildiad de fósforo, debido a una baja concentración en el suelo o al secuestro del fósforo por minerales ricos en hierro. Preguntas: ¿Los ácidos orgánicos pueden aumentar la disponibilidad de fósforo y el crecimiento de plantas en suelos bajos en fósforo? De ser así, ¿estos efectos están modulados por hongos ectomicorrícicos? Especies de estudio: Pinus pseudostrobus y su hongo ectomicorrícico Pisolithus arhizus. Sitio y años de estudio: El experimento se realizó en una casa de sombra (35 % de sombra) en Morelia Michoacán en 2015. Métodos: Realizamos dos experimentos con Pinus pseudostrobus y su hongo ectomicorrícico Pisolithus arhizus adicionando seis sales de ácidos orgánicos. Las sales de citrato de sodio, oxalato de sodio, acetato de sodio, tartrato de sodio, succinato de sodio y malato de sodio se añadieron en las siguientes concentraciones 0, 4, 8, 16, 32 y 64 micromolar. Resultados: Las sales orgánicas, particularmente tartrato y malato, solubilizaron el fósforo e incrementaron el crecmiento de las plantas después de 12 meses en ausencia de P. arhizus. En los pinos inoculados con P. arhizus, solamente el citrato, tartrato y succionato aumentaron la biomasa y algunos caracteres morfológicos. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugieren que añadir los ácidos orgánicos apropiados a suelos severamente degradados, pueden ayudar en el establecimiento de los pinos y sus efectos positivos fueron mayores que la asociación con micorrizas para plantas durante las etapas iniciales de colonización por los hongos.

Abstract Background: Many landscapes, both natural and anthropogenic, are dominated by degraded soils that have low phosphorus availability due to low overall phosphorus concentration or to phosphorus sequestration by iron-rich minerals. Questions and / or Hypotheses: Does the application of low molecular weight organic acids improve phosphorus availability and plant growth in phosphorus-poor soils, and is this effect modulated by ectomycorrhizal fungi? Studied species / data description /Mathematical model: Pinus pseudostrobus and its ectomycorrhiza Pisolithus arhizus, in addition to six sodium salts of organic acids. Study site and dates: The experiment was carried out in a shade house (35 % shade) in Morelia, Michoacán in 2015. Methods: We conducted experiments with Pinus pseudostrobus and its ectomycorrhiza Pisolithus arhizus in addition to six sodium salts of organic acids. Sodium salts of citrate, oxalate, acetate, tartrate, succinate and malate were added to the soil at 0, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 micromolar concentrations. Results: The salts of the organic acids-particularly tartrate and malate-solubilized phosphorus and improved plant growth after 12 months in the absence of P. arhizus. When plants were inoculated with P. arhizus, the effect of most organic acids was either detrimental or non-significant. However, citrate, tartrate and succinate improved biomass and morphological parameters. Conclusions: These results suggest that adding appropriate organic acids to heavily degraded soils can aid P. pseudostrobus establishment and its benefits are higher than the association with mycorrhiza for young plants during the initial stages of fungal colonization.

ABSTRACT The National Institute of Water Resources promotes efficient water management in agricultural enterprises, based on the application of scientific research results. In spite of the investment made in the Laguna Blanca Agricultural Enterprise, there are still difficulties in making agricultural production sustainable, due to the low agro-productivity of the soils and the decrease in the efficiency of irrigation water use. For this reason, it is necessary to update, from the design of the installations, the operating parameters of the irrigation systems with centre pivot and reel machines. Based on the solution of two real case studies, the negative effects of the presence of salts in the soil solution on crop yields and on the sustainability of the supply sources involved in the irrigation activity are addressed. The hypothetical-deductive method was used to validate the convenience of considering salinity in the soil saturation extract at the design stage. As a result, the average pumping flow rate was identified as the design parameter that significantly influences the operation of these irrigation machines; the increase of this parameter infers the need to establish plot drainage systems to reduce the effects of soil saturation and the presence of salts in the soil solution.

RESUMEN El Instituto Nacional de Recursos Hidráulicos promueve la gestión eficiente del agua en las empresas agropecuarias, sobre la base de aplicar resultados de investigaciones científicas. A pesar de la inversión realizada en la Empresa Agropecuaria Laguna Blanca, aún persisten dificultades para hacer sostenible las producciones agrícolas, debido a la baja agroproductividad de los suelos y el descenso de la eficiencia en el uso del agua de riego, por ello se infiere la necesidad de actualizar, desde el diseño de las instalaciones, los parámetros de explotación de los sistemas de riego con máquinas de Pivote Central y Enrolladores. Se aborda, a partir de la solución de dos casos de estudios reales, los efectos negativos de la presencia de sales en la solución del suelo, sobre el rendimiento de los cultivos y en la sostenibilidad de las fuentes de abasto implicadas en la actividad del riego. Se empleó el método hipotético - deductivo, para validar la conveniencia de considerar en la etapa de diseño, la salinidad en el extracto de saturación del suelo. Como resultado se identificó el caudal medio de bombeo, como el parámetro de diseño que influye significativamente en la explotación de estas máquinas de riego; el incremento de este parámetro infiere la necesidad de establecer sistemas de drenaje parcelario para disminuir los efectos de la saturación de los suelos y la presencia de sales en la solución del suelo.

Resumen Este trabajo analiza la influencia del capital de marca desde la perspectiva del consumidor en la decisión de compra de productos de consumo de alta rotación, en Ecuador. Estimando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales y un modelo de regresión logística, con una muestra de 120 estudiantes universitarios ecuatorianos, se encontró que la notoriedad de la marca y fuerza de las asociaciones se relaciona positivamente con la calidad percibida, la calidad percibida influye en la lealtad actitudinal, y la lealtad influye en el capital de marca global. Además, una vez que se controla por precios referenciales, se demuestra que el capital de marca tiene un efecto positivo en la decisión de compra de los consumidores. La principal implicación para los administradores de marcas es que los esfuerzos e inversiones hacia acciones que mejoren las dimensiones del capital de marca, con énfasis en la lealtad, es un mecanismo relevante para incrementar las ventas y generar mayor valor financiero de la marca.

Abstract This work analyses the influence of consumer-based brand equity on the purchase decision of fast-moving consumer goods in Ecuador. By estimating a partial least squares structural equation model and a logit model on a sample of 120 Ecuadorian university students, it was found that brand awareness with a strength of association is positively related to perceived quality, perceived quality influences attitudinal loyalty, and loyalty influences overall brand equity. In addition, after controlling for reference prices, overall brand equity has a direct positive effect on consumers' purchase decisions. For brand managers, the main implication of these findings is that investments to improve the dimensions of brand equity, with an emphasis on loyalty, is a relevant mechanism to increase sales and generate greater brand value.

Abstract During the 1970s, indigenous settlers (Wichí people) and non-indigenous people gathered around the area now known as El Sauzalito. They carried out work related to logging, village construction and agriculture. Here we analyze the relationship between them as workers and employers. The approach is done through the ethnographic method. Remembered and narrated interactions are contemplated, considering the modalities of payment to the workers, the administration of sales income, the coordination of activities, access to food and retirements/pensions. We find that the subordinate relationship of workers to employers can be interpreted both in terms of protection (employers do their part, workers treated as “employees”) and in terms of domination (employers don't do their part, workers treated like “changarines”).

Resumen En los años setenta, pobladores indígenas (pueblo Wichí) y no indígenas confluyeron en la zona de la provincia de Chaco hoy conocida como El Sauzalito. Llevaron a cabo labores vinculadas a la explotación forestal, la construcción del pueblo y la agricultura. Aquí analizamos la relación que entre ellos se configuró como entre trabajadores y patrones o empleadores. El abordaje se hace mediante el método etnográfico. Se contemplan las interacciones recordadas y narradas, considerando las modalidades de pago por el trabajo realizado, la administración de los ingresos por ventas, la coordinación de actividades, el acceso a alimentos y a jubilaciones/pensiones. Encontramos que la relación subordinada de los trabajadores hacia los patrones o empleadores puede interpretarse tanto en términos de protección (patrones que cumplen su parte, trabajadores tratados como “empleados”) como en términos de dominación (patrones que no cumplen su parte, trabajadores tratados como “changarines”).

Resumo Na década de 1970, indígenas (povo Wichí) e colonos não indígenas convergiram para a área da província do Chaco conhecida atualmente como El Sauzalito. Realizaram trabalhos relacionados com a exploração florestal, a construção do povoado e a agricultura. Analisamos aqui a relação que se desenvolveu entre eles, bem como entre trabalhadores e empregadores. A abordagem baseia-se no método etnográfico. São consideradas as interações lembradas e narradas, incluindo as modalidades de pagamento do trabalho efectuado, a gestão dos rendimentos das vendas, a coordenação das actividades, o acesso aos alimentos e às pensões. Constatamos que a relação de subordinação dos trabalhadores aos empregadores pode ser interpretada tanto em termos de proteção (os empregadores cumprem a sua parte, os trabalhadores são tratados como “empregados”) como em termos de dominação (empregadores que não cumprem a sua parte, trabalhadores tratados como “changarines”).

Abstract Considering that currently in Mexico there is a trend toward greater consumption of natural products that benefit health and that, in the long term, do not produce adverse effects, the objective of this research is to evaluate if the main extracts and by-products derived from the roselle flower can be considered strategic, based on its properties, impact on health, value chain and that Mexico is one of the 10 main producers worldwide. For this, the following method was used: a) research on the roselle flower and its benefits to humans were compiled and analyzed; b) the information was analyzed with the Delphi tool; c) a dendrogram was developed to categorize the relevance in its use, and, d) the value chain of the processes that make up its supply chain was analyzed to determine its conditions and potential. The results show that it does not present toxic or mutagenic activity and that it has a great impact in 3 aspects: alternative medicine, as a disinfectant and food supplement. It was found that its value chain is incipient, but with potential in: planting regions, research centers and links with the industrial sector for its use, marketing and sales coverage.

Resumen Actualmente, en México existe la tendencia hacia un mayor consumo de productos naturales que beneficien la salud y a largo plazo no produzcan efectos negativos, por lo cual, el objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar si los principales extractos y subproductos de la flor de jamaica se pueden considerar estratégicos, en función de sus propiedades, impacto en la salud, cadena de valor, pues México es uno de los 10 principales productores a nivel mundial. Para esto, se utilizó el siguiente método: a) se recopilaron y analizaron investigaciones sobre la flor de jamaica y beneficios al ser humano; b) se analizó la información con la herramienta Delphi; c) se desarrolló un dendrograma para categorizar la relevancia en su uso, y, d) se determinaron las condiciones y potencial de la cadena de valor de los procesos que integran su cadena de suministro. Los resultados muestran que no presenta actividad tóxica o mutagénica y que tiene un gran impacto en 3 vertientes: medicina alternativa, como desinfectante y complemento alimenticio. Se encontró que su cadena de valor es incipiente, pero con potencial en: regiones de siembra, centros de investigación y vinculación con el sector industrial para su aprovechamiento, cobertura de comercialización y venta.

RESUMO A pandemia de covid-19 trouxe inúmeras mudanças aos territórios sustentáveis e saudáveis, implicando a necessidade de reorganização de estruturas sociais e de saúde. Objetivou-se compreender a dinâmica das feiras livres de vendas de alimentos no período pós-pandêmico de covid-19 em cidades do Maciço de Baturité, no Ceará, e avaliar as estratégias sanitárias e/ou de biossegurança utilizadas no enfrentamento da covid-19 por feirantes e consumidores. Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo entre outubro de 2021 e janeiro de 2023, em cinco cidades do Ceará. Em uma primeira etapa, foi realizada a observação das condições sanitárias e de biossegurança nas feiras livres, mediante um instrumento estruturado em quatro categorias. Em seguida, consumidores e feirantes foram entrevistados para o aprofundamento de discussões sobre os reflexos da pandemia sobre as feiras. Avaliaram-se as feiras de cinco cidades e entrevistaram-se 44 pessoas. Quatro cidades mostraram-se com condições sanitárias precárias e comprometimento da biossegurança e comercialização de alimentos. Feirantes e consumidores tiveram uma baixa percepção de risco sobre a covid-19 e levantaram a necessidade da perpetuação das feiras livres para a qualidade de vida e economia da região. As feiras livres são territórios sociais e econômicos sustentáveis, que ainda carecem de atenção por gestores e profissionais de saúde. covid19 covid 19 covid-1 saudáveis saúde Objetivouse Objetivou se póspandêmico pós pandêmico Baturité Ceará eou ou Realizouse Realizou 202 2023 etapa categorias seguida Avaliaramse Avaliaram entrevistaramse entrevistaram 4 pessoas mostraramse mostraram região covid1 1 covid- 20 2

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has brought countless changes to sustainable and healthy territories, implying the need to reorganize social and health structures. The aim was to understand the dynamics of open-air food sales markets in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period in cities in the Maciço de Baturité, in Ceará, Brazil, and to evaluate the health and/or biosafety strategies used by marketers and consumers to deal with covid-19. A qualitative study was carried out between October 2021 and January 2023, in five cities in the state of Ceará. In the first stage, the sanitary and biosafety conditions at the street markets were observed using an instrument structured into four categories. Then, consumers and stallholders were interviewed to deepen discussions about the impact of the pandemic on the markets. We evaluated fairs in five cities and interviewed 44 people. Four cities were found to have precarious sanitary conditions and compromised biosafety in the sale of food. Marketers and consumers had a low-risk perception regarding COVID-19 and raised the need to perpetuate open-air markets for the region’s quality of life and economy. Free markets are sustainable social and economic territories, which still require attention from managers and health professionals. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 territories structures openair open air postCOVID19 postCOVID post post-COVID-1 Baturité Ceará Brazil andor or covid19. covid19 covid 19. covid-19 202 2023 stage categories Then 4 people lowrisk low risk regions region s economy professionals COVID1 1 COVID- postCOVID1 post-COVID- covid1 covid-1 20 post-COVID covid- 2

Abstract This study aimed to analyze students’ and graduates’ perceptions regarding the use of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in nurse education. This is a qualitative study that employs the comprehensive and interpretative approach proposed by Dialectical Hermeneutics. Four focus groups were conducted with the participation of 17 students and 16 graduates from a higher education institution that implements PBL in nurse education. The analysis of results allowed for the identification of five thematic categories: difficulty in adapting to the method; attainment of autonomy in one’s own learning; encouragement of clinical reasoning development; enhancement of communication and interpersonal relationships; and integration between theory and practice. It is evident that the use of PBL promotes alignment with the propositions of curriculum guidelines for nurse education by fostering the development of skills and competencies such as autonomy, communication, interpersonal relationships, and clinical reasoning through comprehensive and contextualized practices. However, students encounter challenges with the changes observed when introduced to PBL, which are overcome during the implementation process. ProblemBased Problem Based (PBL Hermeneutics 1 categories method ones one s learning relationships practice practices However process

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a percepção de estudantes e egressos sobre a utilização da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP) na formação do enfermeiro. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que utiliza a modalidade compreensiva e interpretativa proposta pela Hermenêutica-Dialética. Realizaram-se quatro grupos focais com a participação de 17 estudantes e 16 egressos de uma instituição de ensino superior que aplica a ABP na formação de enfermeiros. A análise dos resultados permitiu a definição de cinco categorias temáticas: dificuldade de adaptação em relação ao método; conquista de autonomia sobre o próprio aprendizado; incentivo ao desenvolvimento do raciocínio clínico; aprimoramento da comunicação e das relações interpessoais e integração entre teoria e prática. Evidencia-se que a utilização da ABP favorece a aproximação com as proposições das diretrizes curriculares para a formação do enfermeiro por meio do desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências como autonomia, comunicação, relações interpessoais e raciocínio clínico mediante práticas integrais e contextualizadas. Entretanto, os estudantes enfrentam dificuldades com as mudanças observadas ao serem inseridos nela ABP, as quais são superadas no decorrer do processo de implementação. Objetivouse Objetivou se (ABP Tratase Trata HermenêuticaDialética. HermenêuticaDialética Hermenêutica Dialética. Dialética Hermenêutica-Dialética Realizaramse Realizaram 1 enfermeiros temáticas método aprendizado prática Evidenciase Evidencia contextualizadas Entretanto implementação

Abstract Achieving competitive supply chains currently represents a requirement to ensure the sustainability of companies, even more so in those that are considered emerging, either due to having little experience in their economic activities or due to their limited ability to cover the market due to their size. These characteristics are regularly met by startups and small and medium-sized companies (SMEs). The objective of this research is to obtain a status of the supply chains of emerging companies in the city of Bogotá as a basis for identifying opportunities for improvement that aim to strengthen their competitiveness. Two well-known reference models developed by logistics experts were used as measurement components. Some statistical calculations and the formulation of surveys were the methods used to collect, analyze and evaluate the information. Among the main results, it is evident that the processes that make up the emerging supply chains in the city have a result that varies between regular and good, and present multiple opportunities for improvement, such as agility and compliance in the supply phase, internal transportation technologies at the time of manufacturing or production, and poor risk management in the distribution and sales process.

Resumen Lograr cadenas de suministro competitivas representa actualmente un requisito para asegurar la sostenibilidad de las empresas, más aún en aquellas que son consideradas emergentes, ya sea por tener poca experiencia en sus actividades económicas o por su escasa capacidad de abarcar el mercado debido a su tamaño. Estas características las cumplen regularmente los emprendimientos y aquellas empresas pequeñas y medianas (pymes). El objetivo de esta investigación es obtener un estado de situación de las cadenas de suministro de las empresas emergentes en la ciudad de Bogotá como base para identificar oportunidades de mejora que apunten a fortalecer su competitividad. Como componentes de medición, se utilizaron dos conocidos modelos de referencia desarrollados por expertos logísticos. Algunos cálculos estadísticos y la formulación de encuestas fueron los métodos utilizados para recoger, analizar y evaluar la información. Entre los principales resultados se evidencia que los procesos que componen las cadenas de suministro emergentes en la ciudad tienen un resultado que varía entre lo regular y lo bueno, y presentan múltiples oportunidades de mejora, como la agilidad y cumplimiento en la fase de aprovisionamiento, las tecnologías de transporte interno al momento de la fabricación o producción, y la escasa gestión de riesgos en el proceso de distribución y ventas.

Abstract Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest threats to global public health. Contributing to this process, among other factors, is the indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in community-acquired respiratory infections. Each country has implemented strategies to confront this growing phenomenon. The objective of this review was to determine Chilean initiatives to deal with Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), antibiotic use and prescribing, and availability of susceptibility data, for the critical community-acquired respiratory tract infection (CA-RTI) pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophi/us influenzae and to spot areas where more information is needed and suggest a call to action to enhance patient clinical outcomes, through a narrative review of the literature. In Chile, antibiotics sales only occur under medical prescription; however, in later years, a new consumption associated with physician drug prescription has emerged in the community, especially for penicillin derivatives, quinolones, and macrolides. Data have shown a susceptibility reduction to amoxicillin and clavulanate combination and other antibiotics against S. pneumoniae. As a consequence, the local government proposed the National Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance 2017-2020. The new version from 2021 to 2025 led to a decreasing trend in Chile's 5. pneumoniae and H. influenzae isolates. Such results highlight the importance of the development of local guidelines.

Resumen Introducción: La resistencia a antimicrobianos (RAM), es una de las mayores amenazas para la salud pública mundial. Contribuyen a este proceso, entre otros factores, el indiscriminado uso de antimicrobianos en las infecciones respiratorias adquiridas en la comunidad. Cada país ha puesto en práctica estrategias para enfrentar este creciente fenómeno. El objetivo de esta revisión fue determinar las iniciativas chilenas para abordar la RAM, el uso y la prescripción de antimicrobianos y la disponibilidad de datos de susceptibilidad para los patógenos Streptococcuspneumoniae y Haemophilus influenzae, patógenos críticos de la infección del tracto respiratorio adquirida en la comunidad (ITRAC) y detectar las áreas donde se necesita más información y sugerir un llamado a la acción para mejorar los resultados clínicos de los pacientes, a través de una revisión narrativa de la literatura. En Chile, la venta de antimicrobianos solo se realiza bajo prescripción médica; sin embargo, en los últimos años ha surgido un nuevo consumo asociado a la prescripción de medicamentos en el ámbito comunitario por parte de los médicos, especialmente para derivados de penicilina, quinolonas y macrólidos. Los datos han demostrado una reducción de la susceptibilidad in vitro a la combinación de amoxicilina y ácido clavulánico y otros antimicrobianos frente a 5. pneumoniae. En consecuencia, el gobierno local propuso el plan nacional de resistencia antimicrobiana 2017-2020. La nueva versión de 2021 a 2025 podría explicar la tendencia decreciente de aislados de 5. pneumoniae y H. influenzae en Chile. Tales resultados destacan la importancia del desarrollo de guías locales.

The South African mineral resource royalty system, initiated in 2010, employs a hybrid ad valorem approach tied to profitability ratios. This rate is then applied to the total revenue from mineral sales. In this article we explore how the profitability ratio in the mineral resource royalty formulae interacts with the gold tax formula as applied to South African gold mines, devising a strategy for cut-off grade optimization. The study focuses on nine narrow, tabular-reef (Witwatersrand) gold mines. The approach involves a mixed-integer cut-off grade optimizer utilizing Excel Solver, incorporating relevant royalty and income tax formulae. Different mineral resource royalty cost scenarios were examined. Ignoring these costs in the break-even analysis lowers the cut-off grade but slightly boosts profits compared to considering expected costs. The developed optimizer model, recognizing the profitability aspect of the mineral resource royalty and income tax formulae, yielded a 6% lower cut-off grade than the base case. This is significant for increasing mine life. While the profit differences are marginal (0.2% compared to the break-even base case), substantial improvements were noted: a 6% increase in stope tons above cut-off grade, and a 4% rise in total revenue. Enhanced resource utilization (3% extra gold kilograms) reduces necessary development and overall costs, allowing for a reduction in the cut-off grade and ultimately, more profit.