ABSTRACT Purpose: Although Brazil has a high prevalence of retinoblastoma, there is a lack of epidemiological data on the disease. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the epidemiological profile of patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma in the ophthalmology department of a pediatric tertiary referral hospital in Ceara, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted by retrospectively analyzing the clinical and socioeconomic data from the medical records of pediatric patients followed-up at the hospital between 2007 and 2021. Retinoblastoma was diagnosed on the basis of a fundoscopic or histopathologic examination. Results: The data of 105 patients were included in the study, and the mean patient age at the time of diagnosis was 1.7 years. Most of the patients were women (50.5%) and hailed from rural areas (57.4%), which was associated with a higher tumor stage. Of the 150 patients, 57.1% initially presented with leukocoria. Ocular hyperemia was associated with more advanced stages of retinoblastoma (p=0.004). Bilateral involvement was observed in 25.7% of the patients and at a significantly younger age (p=0.009). The presence of retinal detachment, vascularized lesions, and vitreous seeds significantly increased the likelihood of requiring enucleation. Discussion: This study presents an epidemiological description of retinoblastoma in Brazil, which highlights the significance of early detection. Delayed diagnosis is associated with a poorer visual prognosis and higher mortality rate, particularly in patients with unilateral disease. Risk factors for a more severe disease were retinal detachment, vascularized lesions, and vitreous seeds. The correlation between histopathological features and clinical outcomes was limited. Conclusion: Further studies are required to assess the influence of ocular hyperemia, fundoscopic assessment, and histopathologic findings on the prognosis of retinoblastoma. Moreover, it is critical to devise interventions to reduce the time-to-diagnosis in rural areas. Purpose Thus Ceara Methods crosssectional cross sectional followedup followed up 200 2021 examination Results 10 17 1 7 1. years 50.5% 505 50 5 (50.5% 57.4%, 574 57.4% , 57 4 (57.4%) stage 15 571 57.1 leukocoria p=0.004. p0004 p p=0.004 . 0 004 (p=0.004) 257 25 25.7 p=0.009. p0009 p=0.009 009 (p=0.009) detachment lesions enucleation Discussion detection rate limited Conclusion assessment Moreover timetodiagnosis 20 202 50.5 (50.5 57.4 (57.4% 57. p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.004 2 25. (p=0.009 50. (50. (57.4 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 (50 (57. p0 p=0. (p=0.0 (5 (57 p=0 (p=0. ( p= (p=0 (p= (p

ABSTRACT The objective was to analyze the social determinants of health in Angola. This is a documentary, exploratory and quantitative research, carried out with data from the 2015-2016 Multiple Indicators and Health Survey in Angola. The analyzed variables were: access to drinking water sources; appropriate sanitary facilities; access to electricity; educational level; access to jobs; child mortality rate; prenatal consultations; and vaccination coverage. It was observed that 45.2% of households do not have access to adequate water sources for drinking; 52.9% use inappropriate sanitation facilities, mainly in rural areas; 31% of men aged 15 to 49 were unemployed; 42% of households had access to electricity; 22% of women and 8% of men aged 15 to 49 have never attended school; the estimated infant mortality rate was 44 deaths for every 1000 live births; 44.1% of pregnant women with lower socioeconomic status did not undergo any prenatal consultation; 18.3% of children aged 12 to 23 months and 21% aged 24 to 35 months did not receive any vaccine. It is concluded that there are large gaps in access to social determinants of health, highlighting the need for government efforts in partnership with international organizations to improve the population’s health conditions.

RESUMO Objetivou-se analisar os fatores determinantes sociais da saúde em Angola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, exploratória e quantitativa, realizada com dados do Inquérito de Indicadores Múltiplos e de Saúde 2015-2016 de Angola. Foram analisadas as variáveis: acesso a fontes de água para beber; instalações sanitárias apropriadas; acesso à eletricidade; nível educacional; acesso a empregos; taxa de mortalidade infantil; consultas pré-natais; e cobertura vacinal. Observou-se que 45,2% dos agregados familiares não têm acesso a fontes de água apropriada para beber; 52,9% utiliza instalações sanitárias não apropriadas, principalmente nas áreas rurais; 31% dos homens de 15 a 49 anos estavam desempregados; 42% dos agregados familiares possuíam acesso à eletricidade; 22% das mulheres e 8% dos homens de 15 a 49 anos nunca frequentaram a escola; a estimativa da taxa de mortalidade infantil foi de 44 mortes para cada 1000 nascidos-vivos; 44,1% das gestantes com menor nível socioeconômico não realizaram nenhuma consulta pré-natal; 18,3% das crianças de 12 a 23 meses e 21% de 24 a 35 meses não receberam nenhuma vacina. Conclui-se que existem grandes lacunas no acesso a determinantes sociais da saúde, evidenciando a necessidade de esforços governamentais em parceria com organismos internacionais para melhorar as condições de saúde da população.

ABSTRACT The recent global health crisis highlighted the fundamental role of family farming and public procurement policies in guaranteeing the human right to adequate food. This documentary analysis compares public procurement experiences (2019 to 2022) in a region of Brazil and another in Colombia, focusing on family farming from a gender perspective to identify challenges and best practices. Among the findings, it is noteworthy that although structured policies for public procurement already exist in Brazil, regional realities pointed to challenges during the period. Advances in Colombia were noted with the issuance of Law 2046 of 2020. In both countries, the low role of women in the ownership of rural properties and decision-making was evident, despite their participation in the rural family productive workforce.

RESUMEN La pasada crisis sanitaria mundial evidenció el papel fundamental de la agricultura familiar y las políticas de compras pública para garantizar el derecho humano a la alimentación adecuada. En este análisis documental, se compararon las experiencias de compras públicas (2019 a 2022), en una región de Brasil y otra de Colombia, de la agricultura familiar, desde una perspectiva de género, con el objetivo de identificar desafíos y buenas prácticas. Entre los hallazgos, se destaca que, aunque ya existen políticas estructuradas para las compras públicas en Brasil, la realidad regional señaló desafíos en el período. Se señalaron los avances en Colombia, con la expedición de la Ley 2046 de 2020. En ambos países se evidenció el bajo rol de la mujer en la titulación de las propiedades rurales y en la toma de decisiones, aunque se evidencia su participación en la fuerza productiva rural familiar.

RESUMO Objetivou-se analisar os fatores determinantes sociais da saúde em Angola. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, exploratória e quantitativa, realizada com dados do Inquérito de Indicadores Múltiplos e de Saúde 2015-2016 de Angola. Foram analisadas as variáveis: acesso a fontes de água para beber; instalações sanitárias apropriadas; acesso à eletricidade; nível educacional; acesso a empregos; taxa de mortalidade infantil; consultas pré-natais; e cobertura vacinal. Observou-se que 45,2% dos agregados familiares não têm acesso a fontes de água apropriada para beber; 52,9% utiliza instalações sanitárias não apropriadas, principalmente nas áreas rurais; 31% dos homens de 15 a 49 anos estavam desempregados; 42% dos agregados familiares possuíam acesso à eletricidade; 22% das mulheres e 8% dos homens de 15 a 49 anos nunca frequentaram a escola; a estimativa da taxa de mortalidade infantil foi de 44 mortes para cada 1000 nascidos-vivos; 44,1% das gestantes com menor nível socioeconômico não realizaram nenhuma consulta pré-natal; 18,3% das crianças de 12 a 23 meses e 21% de 24 a 35 meses não receberam nenhuma vacina. Conclui-se que existem grandes lacunas no acesso a determinantes sociais da saúde, evidenciando a necessidade de esforços governamentais em parceria com organismos internacionais para melhorar as condições de saúde da população. Objetivouse Objetivou se Angola Tratase Trata documental quantitativa 20152016 2015 2016 2015-201 variáveis beber apropriadas eletricidade educacional empregos prénatais pré natais pré-natais vacinal Observouse Observou 452 45 2 45,2 529 52 9 52,9 rurais 31 1 4 desempregados 42 22 8 escola 100 nascidosvivos nascidos vivos nascidos-vivos 441 44,1 prénatal natal pré-natal 183 18 3 18,3 21 vacina Concluise Conclui população 2015201 201 2015-20 45, 5 52, 10 44, 18, 201520 20 2015-2 20152 2015-

ABSTRACT The objective was to analyze the social determinants of health in Angola. This is a documentary, exploratory and quantitative research, carried out with data from the 2015-2016 Multiple Indicators and Health Survey in Angola. The analyzed variables were: access to drinking water sources; appropriate sanitary facilities; access to electricity; educational level; access to jobs; child mortality rate; prenatal consultations; and vaccination coverage. It was observed that 45.2% of households do not have access to adequate water sources for drinking; 52.9% use inappropriate sanitation facilities, mainly in rural areas; 31% of men aged 15 to 49 were unemployed; 42% of households had access to electricity; 22% of women and 8% of men aged 15 to 49 have never attended school; the estimated infant mortality rate was 44 deaths for every 1000 live births; 44.1% of pregnant women with lower socioeconomic status did not undergo any prenatal consultation; 18.3% of children aged 12 to 23 months and 21% aged 24 to 35 months did not receive any vaccine. It is concluded that there are large gaps in access to social determinants of health, highlighting the need for government efforts in partnership with international organizations to improve the population’s health conditions. Angola documentary research 20152016 2015 2016 2015-201 facilities electricity level jobs consultations coverage 452 45 2 45.2 529 52 9 52.9 areas 31 1 4 unemployed 42 22 8 school 100 births 441 44.1 consultation 183 18 3 18.3 21 vaccine populations population s conditions 2015201 201 2015-20 45. 5 52. 10 44. 18. 201520 20 2015-2 20152 2015-

Abstract The concept of Good Living plays a crucial role in relation to the community and becomes an opportunity to improve the quality of life. This article systematizes the entrepreneurship experience with peasant women from the rural area of Villamaría, Caldas, Colombia, as a contribution to human flourishing. This research followed the guidelines of the Alforja Network, which proposes a systematization framed within dialectical, systemic, and holistic approaches to popular education. The results are presented in three phases: characterization of the families, the environment, and the entrepreneurship production; interdisciplinary accompaniment and sustainability through the structuring of networks and alliances. The experience reflects the ability of women for the Good Living of themselves and their families, collective organization, and innovation. Additionally, it highlights the importance of the role of the State in strengthening local development through the production chain, preserving its rural identity in the context of equitable processes.

Resumen El concepto del Buen Vivir desempeña un papel crucial en la relación con la comunidad y se convierte en una oportunidad para mejorar la calidad de vida. Este artículo sistematiza la experiencia de emprendimiento con mujeres campesinas del área rural de Villamaría, Caldas, Colombia, como una contribución al florecimiento humano. Esta investigación siguió los lineamientos de la Red Alforja, la cual propone una sistematización enmarcada en enfoques dialécticos, sistémicos y holísticos de la educación popular. Los resultados son presentados en tres fases: caracterización de las familias, el entorno y la producción del emprendimiento; acompañamiento interdisciplinario y sustentabilidad a través de la estructuración de redes y alianzas. La experiencia refleja la capacidad de las mujeres para el Buen Vivir de ellas y sus familias, la organización colectiva y la innovación. Además, resalta la importancia del rol del Estado en el fortalecimiento del desarrollo local mediante la cadena de producción, preservando su identidad rural en el contexto de procesos equitativos.

Resumen O conceito do Bom Viver desempenha um papel crucial na relação com a comunidade e converte-se em uma oportunidade para melhorar a qualidade de vida. Este artigo sistematiza a experiência de emprendimento com mulheres campesinas da área rural de Villamaría, Caldas, Colômbia, como uma contribuindo ao florecimento humano. Esta investigação continuou os linhamentos da Red Alforja, a qual propõe uma sistematização enmarcada em enfoques dialéticos, sistêmicos e holísticos da educação popular. Os resultados são apresentados em três fases: caracterização das famílias, o entorno e a produção do emprendimento; acompanhamento interdisciplinário e sustentabilidade através da estructuração de redes e alianças. A experiência reflete a capacidade das mulheres para o Bom Viver delas e suas famílias, a organização coletiva e a inovação. Além disso, ressalta a importância do role do Estado no fortalecimento do desenvolvimento local mediante a cadeia de produção, preservando sua identidade rural no contexto de processos equitativos.

Resumo Este artigo busca problematizar a memória da música caipira e sertaneja, enfatizando a contribuição das mulheres em meio à hegemonia masculina, desde a década de 1930 até os dias de hoje, em função de sua conexão histórica com culturas rurais tradicionais. Na primeira parte do texto, sobre as violeiras, como na segunda, sobre as cantoras e as compositoras, são analisadas as trajetórias, os obstáculos e as estratégias das artistas em sua luta por reconhecimento nesse estilo musical quase centenário. sertaneja masculina 193 hoje tradicionais texto violeiras segunda compositoras trajetórias centenário 19 1

Abstract This article aims to problematize the memory of Brazilian country music, emphasizing the contribution of women, in the midst of the male hegemony, from the 1930s to the present day, due to its historical connection with traditional rural cultures. Both in the first part of the text on the violeiras (Brazilian ten-string guitar players), and in the second part on the female singers and composers, the trajectories, obstacles and strategies of the artists in their struggle for recognition in this almost century-old musical style are analyzed. music women hegemony s day cultures tenstring ten string players, players , players) composers trajectories centuryold century old analyzed

RESUMEN Introducción: Las patologías tiroideas se encuentran entre los trastornos endocrinológicos más frecuentes reportados durante el embarazo, en parte debido a los cambios fisiológicos que ocurren generalmente en el primer trimestre y que puede llevar a la pérdida de este. Objetivo: El objetivo fue determinar la prevalencia de hipotiroidismo en mujeres con diagnóstico de aborto espontaneo en el Hospital Distrital de Presidente Franco durante el periodo 2019 a 2021. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal con muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos, se estudiaron a todas las mujeres que tuvieron aborto espontáneo en el hospital distrital de presidente franco durante los años 2019 a 2021. Se utilizo el software estadístico Stata®12.0 para los cálculos estadísticos. Resultados: Se estudiaron a 432 mujeres que tuvieron abortos espontáneos. En dicho periodo se registró una prevalencia de 3,9%, la mayoría con hipotiroidismo subclínico con un 3,4%. El 52,9% en las edades comprendidas entre 20 a 35 años, 52,9% presentaron unión libre y 47% escolaridad primaria. El 52,9% proceden de zonas urbanas. Conclusión: Se determinó que aquellas perdidas de embarazo relacionado a hipotiroidismo corresponden con mayor frecuencia a Alto Paraná comparado con otra región de nuestro país y a nivel internacional. Además, se encontró el hipotiroidismo subclínico con mayormente en adultos jóvenes, con nivel de escolaridad primaria, la mayoría proveniente de zona rural.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Thyroid pathologies are among the most common endocrinological disorders reported during pregnancy, partly due to the physiological changes that typically occur in the first trimester, which can lead to pregnancy loss. Objective: determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in women diagnosed with spontaneous abortion at the Hospital Distrital de Presidente Franco from 2019 to 2021. Materials and Methods: This observational, descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study utilized non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases, examining all women who experienced spontaneous abortion at the Hospital Distrital de Presidente Franco during the years 2019 to 2021. Stata®12.0 statistical software was employed for statistical calculations. Results: A total of 432 women who had miscarriages were analyzed. During this period, a prevalence of 3.9% was recorded, with most cases being subclinical hypothyroidism (3.4%). Among these, 52.9% of the 20-35 age group were in a common-law union, and 47% had completed primary school. Additionally, 52.9% were from urban areas. Conclusion: Those pregnancy losses related to hypothyroidism were determined to correspond more frequently in Alto Paraná compared to other regions of our country and internationally. Also, subclinical hypothyroidism was found in young adults, with primary schooling, most of them coming from rural areas.

Abstract Mexico has great traditional knowledge of the use of medicinal plants, threatened by globalization and the standardization of educational systems. In Aguascalientes, the semiarid areas of the east are little studied on the ethnobotanical topic. The objective was to evaluate and update ethnobotanical knowledge of eastern Aguascalientes. Interviews, field trips, and collections of the mentioned medicinal plants were carried out. The Knowledge Wealth Index (KWI) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were calculated by the age and sex of the interviewees. 52 medicinal species were identified, with main uses in the treatment of digestive, respiratory, renal, and traumatic diseases. Low KWI was obtained with a mean of 0.13 (limited knowledge), and without significant differences in knowledge between men and women, and age. The importance of documenting and preserving traditional knowledge and the use of medicinal plants in eastern Aguascalientes is highlighted.

Resumen México posee gran conocimiento tradicional en el uso de plantas medicinales, amenazado por la globalización y la estandarización de los sistemas educativos. En Aguascalientes, la región semiárida del oriente es un área poco estudiada en el ámbito etnoflorístico. El objetivo fue evaluar y actualizar el conocimiento etnoflorístico del oriente de Aguascalientes. Se hicieron entrevistas, recorridos en campo y colectas de las plantas medicinales mencionadas. Se calculó el índice de riqueza de conocimiento (IRC) y análisis de varianza (ANOVA) por edad y sexo de los entrevistados. Se identificaron 52 especies medicinales, con usos principales en el tratamiento de enfermedades digestivas, respiratorias, renales, y traumatismos. Se obtuvo bajo IRC con media de 0.13 (conocimiento limitado), y sin diferencias significativas en el conocimiento entre hombres y mujeres, ni por edad. Se destaca la importancia de documentar y preservar el conocimiento tradicional y el uso de plantas medicinales en el oriente de Aguascalientes.

Abstract This article discusses the contributions of women farmers in adding value to food produced in Ecological Family Agro-Industrial Systems (SAFEs) in the southwest of Paraná (BR). SAFEs are part of agri-food networks that are alternatives to the hegemonic food system, offering artisanal, ecological, and cultural foods marketed through short chains. In this context, women are the ones who consume the healthiest food and seek sustainable production. Despite the importance of women farmers' work, part of their working day is disregarded because it does not generate direct monetary value. Using the topical life history method, the contribution of women to the creation and functioning of SAFEs was analyzed in both the productive and reproductive dimensions. The results showed that women significantly contribute to all the SAFEs' activities and are primarily responsible for domestic work.

Resumen Este artículo analiza la contribución de las mujeres agricultoras en la valorización de los alimentos producidos en los Sistemas Agroindustriales Familiares Ecológicos (SAFEs) del sudoeste de Paraná (BR). Los SAFEs forman parte de redes agroalimentarias alternativas al sistema alimentario hegemónico, ofreciendo alimentos artesanales, ecológicos y culturales que se comercializan a través de cadenas cortas. En este contexto, las mujeres son las que consumen los alimentos más sanos y buscan una producción sostenible. A pesar de la importancia del trabajo de las agricultoras, parte de su jornada laboral no se tiene en cuenta porque no genera un valor monetario directo. Utilizando el método de la historia de vida tópica, se analizó la contribución de las mujeres a la creación y funcionamiento de los SAFE tanto en la dimensión productiva como reproductiva. Los resultados mostraron que las mujeres contribuyen significativamente a todas las actividades de los SAFE, además de ser las principales responsables del trabajo doméstico.

Resumo Este artigo aborda as contribuições de agricultoras na agregação de valor aos alimentos produzidos em Sistemas Agroindustriais Familiares Ecológicos (SAFEs), no Sudoeste do Paraná (BR). Os SAFEs fazem parte das redes agroalimentares alternativas ao sistema alimentar hegemônico, oferecendo alimentos artesanais, ecológicos, culturais e comercializados por cadeias curtas. Neste contexto, as mulheres são as que mais consomem alimentos saudáveis e buscam uma produção sustentável. Apesar da importância do trabalho das agricultoras, uma parte de sua jornada de trabalho é desconsiderada por não gerar valor monetário direto. A partir do método de história de vida tópica, analisou-se a contribuição das mulheres na criação e funcionamento dos SAFEs tanto nas dimensões produtivas quanto reprodutivas. Os resultados mostraram que elas têm contribuição significativa em todas as atividades dos SAFEs além de serem majoritariamente responsáveis pelo trabalho doméstico.

Abstract The article aims to contribute to the debate on the economic autonomy of rural women based on the results obtained from a doctoral study on the psychosocial effects of women's participation in three free fairs in Formosa. We identified that inclusion in these spaces allowed women to have a paid job and integrate into the public space, developing aspects of their economic autonomy. However, the lack of distribution of reproductive tasks, which continued to be their responsibility, and the characterization of these experiences as family initiatives, blurring their role, were obstacles to the full development of economic autonomy. We believe that in order for this development to be achieved, it is necessary to redistribute domestic and care tasks, to value the work experiences of women outside of family logic, and to guarantee their access to land, its titling, and credit.

Resumen El artículo se propone aportar al debate sobre la autonomía económica de las mujeres rurales a partir de los resultados obtenidos de un estudio doctoral sobre los efectos psicosociales de la participación de mujeres en tres ferias francas de Formosa. Identificamos que la inclusión en estos espacios permitió a las mujeres contar con un trabajo remunerado e integrarse en el espacio público, desarrollando aspectos de su autonomía económica. Sin embargo, la falta de distribución de tareas reproductivas, que continuaron a cargo de ellas, y la caracterización de estas experiencias como iniciativas familiares, desdibujaron su protagonismo y fueron obstáculos para el desarrollo pleno de su autonomía. Consideramos que para que este desarrollo se logre es necesario que se redistribuyan las tareas domésticas y de cuidado, se valoren las experiencias laborales de las mujeres por fuera de lógicas familiaristas y se garantice que accedan a la tierra, su titularización y al crédito.

RESUMO Este artigo discute a Vigilância Popular em Saúde (VPS) como estratégia emancipatória de luta e defesa da vida ante o agronegócio na Chapada do Apodi, no Ceará. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação com representantes da academia, dos movimentos sociais, de entidades, organizações comunitárias e trabalhadores do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foi realizada uma oficina territorial cujo material produzido foi avaliado pela análise de conteúdo auxiliado pelo software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRaMuTeQ). A oficina destacou a necessidade de fortalecimento da luta comunitária no território pela vida, envolvendo o problema dos agrotóxicos e o papel das mulheres. A organização comunitária alia-se à atuação dos movimentos populares, evidenciando que as associações são pontos fundamentais e estratégicos nas articulações das comunidades para a reivindicação de direitos, por meio de quintais produtivos, por exemplo. Foram observados indicadores de VPS associados aos impactos do agronegócio, como a elevada mortandade de abelhas. Diante da expansão do agronegócio na região, a VPS pode continuar sendo uma importante ação na promoção de territórios mais saudáveis e sustentáveis na Chapada do Apodi. (VPS Apodi Ceará Tratase Trata se pesquisaação pesquisa academia sociais entidades IRaMuTeQ. IRaMuTeQ . (IRaMuTeQ) mulheres aliase alia populares direitos produtivos exemplo abelhas região (IRaMuTeQ

ABSTRACT This article discusses Popular Health Surveillance (PHS) as an emancipatory strategy for fighting and defending life against agribusiness in Chapada do Apodi, Ceará. This is an action research with representatives from academia, social movements, entities, community organizations and workers of the Unified Health System. A territorial workshop was carried out whose material produced was evaluated by content analysis aided by the Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRaMuTeQ) software. The workshop highlighted the need to strengthen the community struggle in the territory for life, involving the problem of pesticides and the role of women. Community organization allies itself with the work of popular movements, showing that associations are fundamental and strategic points in the articulations of communities for claiming rights, through productive backyards, for example. Indicators of PHS associated with the impacts of agribusiness were observed, such as the high mortality of bees. Faced with the expansion of agribusiness in the region, PHS can continue to be an important action in promoting healthier and more sustainable territories in Chapada do Apodi. (PHS Apodi Ceará academia movements entities System IRaMuTeQ (IRaMuTeQ software women rights backyards example observed bees region

Resumo Neste artigo proponho refletir sobre o estado através das práticas cotidianas de seus atores, sobre os (des)encontros e (des)entendimentos gerados, gerados na gestão das políticas fundiárias para compreender a forma como as mudanças jurídicas e políticas afetam as práticas sociais, e vice-versa. Com base em uma etnografia multissituada e tomando como exemplos as (inter)ações situadas entre burocracias estatais e mulheres beneficiárias de políticas fundiárias em áreas rurais do Uruguai, traço a gestão cotidiana e as experiências vividas relacionadas a políticas. Essa perspectiva mostra os processos de subjetivação que ocorrem nos espaços de encontro e dá entidade às formas como o técnico, o político e o burocrático interagem com as questões afetivas e morais, em processos que (re)produzem as desigualdades de gênero.

Resumen En este artículo propongo reflexionar sobre el estado a través de las prácticas cotidianas de sus actores, sobre los (des)encuentros y (des)entendimientos generados en la gestión de las políticas de tierras para comprender los modos en que los cambios jurídicos y políticos inciden en las prácticas sociales, y viceversa. Basado en una etnografía multisituada y tomando como ejemplos las (inter)acciones situadas entre las burocracias estatales y las mujeres beneficiarias de las políticas de tierra en las zonas rurales de Uruguay, recorro la gestión cotidiana y las experiencias vividas relativas a las políticas. Esta perspectiva muestra los procesos de subjetivación que se producen en espacios de encuentro y otorga entidad a los modos en que lo técnico, lo político y lo burocrático interactúan con cuestiones afectivas y morales, en procesos que (re) producen desigualdades de género.

Abstract In this article I propose to reflect on the state through the daily practices of its actors, on the (dis)encounters and (mis)understandings generated, in the management of land policies to understand the way that legal and political changes affect social practices, and vice versa. Based on a multi-situated ethnography and taking as examples the situated (inter)actions between state bureaucracies and women beneficiaries of land policies in rural areas of Uruguay, I trace the daily management and lived experiences related to policies. This perspective shows the processes of subjectivation that occur in meeting spaces and gives entity to the ways in which the technical, the political and the bureaucratic interact with affective and moral issues, in processes that (re)produce gender inequalities.

RESUMEN La comprensión de las prácticas de movilidad de mujeres agricultoras en función de la comercialización de sus productos resulta de suma importancia para identificar sus necesidades y desafíos como grupo social vulnerable. La investigación analizó las prácticas de movilidad y comercialización que utilizan las mujeres agricultoras de la parroquia rural Sinincay, del cantón Cuenca, Ecuador. Mediante la asunción de una metodología mixta de carácter transversal, se aplicaron encuestas para la recolección de información. Los resultados revelaron que las oportunidades para comercializar productos se concentran en el área urbana. El 57.7 de las mujeres comercializa sus productos en lugares no aptos para ello, principalmente en la vía pública, cerca de mercados y plazas. El 72.3 %, al no disponer de vehículo propio dependen de otros medios de transporte, situación que incide en la inversión de tiempo y costo de los desplazamientos. Además, el 93.8 % no forma parte de ninguna organización, lo que conlleva a la realización de la mayoría de viajes de forma individual. Estos hallazgos constituyen un insumo importante para que los organismos pertinentes generen acciones para mejorar la situación de este importante grupo poblacional.

ABSTRACT Understanding women farmers' mobility practices in marketing their products is of utmost importance in identifying their needs and challenges as a vulnerable social group. The research analyzed the mobility and marketing practices used by women farmers in the rural parish of Sinincay in the canton of Cuenca, Ecuador. Using a mixed methodology of a cross-sectional nature, surveys were applied to collect information. The results revealed that the opportunities for marketing products are concentrated in the urban area. A total of 57.7% of the women market their products in places not suitable for this purpose, mainly on public roads, near markets and squares. Since 72.3 % do not have their own vehicle, they depend on other means of transportation, a situation that affects the investment of time and the cost of travel. In addition, 93.8% do not belong to any organization, which means that most trips are made individually. These findings constitute an essential input for the relevant agencies to generate actions to improve the situation of this important population group.

Caesarean sections (CSs) have increased globally, with concerns being raised involving overutilisation and inequalities in access. In Zimbabwe, where healthcare access varies greatly, we aimed to analyse factors associated with ever having a CS using the 2019 National Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. The weighted national CS rate was 10.3%, and CS happened more commonly among women in urban than rural areas (15.7% v. 7.4%; odds ratio (OR) 2.34; (95% confidence interval (CI)) 1.71 - 3.20; p=0.001). Percentages of those having a CS significantly increased with education: overall χ² for a trend of p=0.001 and wealth quintile, and overall χ² for a trend of p=0.001. Women with insurance coverage were more likely to have had a CS than those without: 26.7% v. 8.7%; OR 3.82; 95% CI 2.51 - 5.83; p=0.001. The same was the case for women with access to the internet: 15.4% v. 7.0%, OR 2.42; 95%CI 1.71 - 3.41; p=0.001). These findings show an association that could indicate this being overutilised by insured women in urban settings, rather than being accessible based on clinical needs. Further research should explore reasons for these disparities and inform interventions to ensure equitable access to optimum childbirth in Zimbabwe.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, vulnerable rural women faced significant challenges. Objective: To explore the situation of cervical cancer during the pandemic from an intercultural perspective among rural women in Ayacucho in 2021. Methods: Mixed-method research with a concurrent triangulation design. Sample: Healthcare providers and rural women. Purposeful and reasoned sampling. Techniques: Surveys, in-depth interviews. Data analysis: Data systematization using Excel, SPSS for quantitative data, and Atlas.ti for qualitative data. Level of validity and condence: triangulation. Results: Information from surveys and interviews was contrasted, revealing that the problem may have alternative solutions within the knowledge of the same communities. Conclusion: Women reported lack of awareness, insufficient information in the Quechua language, and undervaluation of their traditional knowledge. Fear and contagion concerns prevented them from seeking healthcare services. Services were reduced, redirected, or discontinued, often due to budget constraints.

RESUMEN Introducción: Debido a la pandemia de COVID-19, las mujeres rurales en situación de vulnerabilidad enfrentaron desafíos importantes. Objetivo: Explorar la situación del cáncer cervicouterino durante la pandemia desde una perspectiva intercultural entre las mujeres rurales de Ayacucho en el año 2021. Metodología: Investigación de métodos mixtos con un diseño de triangulación concurrente. Muestra: Proveedores de atención médica y mujeres rurales. Muestreo intencional y razonado. Técnicas: Encuestas, entrevistas en profundidad. Análisis de datos: Sistematización de datos utilizando Excel, SPSS para datos cuantitativos y Atlas.ti para datos cualitativos. Nivel de validez y confianza: triangulación. Resultados: El contraste de la información de encuestas y entrevistas reveló que el problema podría tener soluciones alternativas dentro del conocimiento de las mismas comunidades. Conclusiones: Las mujeres reportaron falta de conciencia, información insuficiente en quechua y subvaloración de sus conocimientos tradicionales. El miedo y la preocupación por el contagio las disuadieron de buscar servicios de salud. Los servicios se redujeron, redireccionaron o descontinuaron, a menudo debido a limitaciones presupuestarias.