Palicourea tomentosa (Aubl.) Borhidi (Rubiaceae, Palicoureeae), earlier classified as Psychotria poeppigiana Müll. Arg., is used in folk medicine for a variety of diseases. Biological studies on the plant describes their vasorelaxant, antiplasmodial, antitumoural and anticholinesterase activities. To expand the knowledge on the chemical and biological potential of this species, in this work, phytochemical and dereplication studies, as well as antimicrobial and anticholinesterase evaluation of Palicourea tomentosa were carried out. Phytochemical investigation deals with the isolation of lutein (1), a mixture of dehydrovomifoliol (2) and megastigma-4,7-dien-3-one (3), loliolide (4), 5,13-epoxy-9-hydroxy-megastigma-7-en,3-one (5), vomifoliol (6), asperuloside (7), 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid (8), and a mixture of the pyrrolizidinoindoline alkaloids hodgkinsine (9), chimonanthine (10) and psychotriasine (11). The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC HRMS/MS) based on molecular networking dereplication of dichloromethane fraction led to putative identification of other two megastigmanes, one terpene lactone and three carotenoids, besides seven triterpenes and four indole alkaloids. The dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and hydromethanol fractions of P. tomentosa were able to inhibit Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 125, 250 and 125 µg mL-1, respectively. The methanol crude extract, dichloromethane and alkaloid fractions inhibited selectively the butyrilcholinesterase (BuChE) at percentages of 63.09, 60.39 and 56.22%, respectively. Aubl. Aubl (Aubl. Rubiaceae, Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae Palicoureeae, Palicoureeae , Palicoureeae) Müll Arg Arg. diseases vasorelaxant antiplasmodial activities species work out 1, 1 (1) 2 (2 megastigma4,7dien3one megastigma47dien3one megastigmadienone megastigma 4,7 dien 3 4 7 3, (3) 4, (4) 5,13epoxy9hydroxymegastigma7en,3one 513epoxy9hydroxymegastigma7en3one epoxyhydroxymegastigmaenone 5,13 epoxy 9 hydroxy en,3 5 13 en 5, (5) 6, 6 (6) 7, (7) 3Opcoumaroylquinic Opcoumaroylquinic O p coumaroylquinic 8, 8 (8) 9, (9) 10 (10 11. 11 . (11) ultrahigh ultra high highresolution resolution UHPLC HRMS/MS HRMSMS HRMS MS megastigmanes carotenoids P MICs (MICs 25 12 mL1, mL1 mL mL-1 respectively extract BuChE (BuChE 6309 63 09 63.09 6039 60 39 60.3 5622 56 22 56.22% (Aubl (1 ( megastigma4 7dien3one 47 (3 (4 13epoxy9hydroxymegastigma7en 3one hydroxymegastigma 513 5,1 en3 en, (5 (6 (7 (8 (9 (11 mL- 630 0 63.0 603 60. 562 56.22 dienone epoxyhydroxymegastigmaen 51 63. 56.2 56.

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe the diversity, composition, and structure of the woody vegetation in a section of LDF in Lerma, Campeche. Between August and September 2018, 10 plots of 10 × 10 m2 (1 000 m2 in total) were delimited, measuring all woody individuals with diameter at breast height (DBH = 1.30 cm). The structure of the site was described based on the relative values of density, frequency, and dominance (IVI), as well as the distribution of diameter classes. Diversity was estimated with the Shannon-Wiener index (H'), while equity was measured by the Pielou index. 40 woody species were recorded, belonging to 35 genera and 19 families. The H' index had a value of 2.92, and the Pielou index was 0.79, the density was 8 950 ind ha-1. Gymnopodium floribundum (204 individuals) and Lonchocarpus xuul (129) were the most abundant species. Bursera simaruba and Lysiloma latisiliquum showed higher diameter values (36 and 28.6 cm DBH, respectively). The families Rubiaceae (eight species), Fabaceae (five species), Ebenaceae and Polygonaceae (three species each) were the most representative. The species with the highest IVI were Gymnopodium floribundum (48.24%), Lonchocarpus xuul (29.12%), Bursera simaruba (26.11%) and Lysiloma latisiliquum (24.98%), these species being the most important in the structure of the LDF in the site. The distribution of the diameter classes suggests that the section of the LDF in Lerma Campeche is in an adequate state of regeneration.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la diversidad, composición y estructura de la vegetación leñosa en una sección de la selva baja caducifolia (SBC) en Lerma, Campeche. Entre agosto y septiembre 2018, se delimitaron 10 parcelas de 10 × 10 m2 (1 000 m2 en total) midiendo todos los individuos de 1 cm de DAP (diámetro a la altura del pecho, 1.30 m). Se describió la estructura del sitio basado en los valores relativos de densidad, frecuencia y dominancia (IVI), así como la distribución de clases diamétricas. La diversidad se estimó con el índice de Shannon-Wiener (H’), mientras que la equidad fue medida por el índice de Pielou. Se registraron 40 especies leñosas, pertenecientes a 35 géneros y 19 familias. El índice H’ tuvo un valor de 2.92, y el índice de Pielou fue de 0.79, la densidad fue de 8 950 ind ha-1. Gymnopodium floribundum (204 individuos) y Lonchocarpus xuul (129 individuos) fueron las especies más abundantes. Bursera simaruba y Lysiloma latisiliquum mostraron valores diamétricos más altos (36 y 28.6 cm de DAP, respectivamente). Las familias Rubiaceae (ocho especies) y Fabaceae (cinco especies), fueron las más representativas. Las especies con mayor IVI fueron Gymnopodium floribundum (48.24%), Lonchocarpus xuul (29.12%), Bursera simaruba (26.11%) y Lysiloma latisiliquum (24.98%), siendo estas especies las más importantes en la estructura de la SBC en el sitio. La distribución de las clases diamétricas sugiere que la sección de la SBC en Lerma Campeche se encuentra en un adecuado estado de regeneración.

Abstract Genipa americana (Rubiaceae) is a fruit tree with broad phytogeographic domain and suitable for different silvicultural systems in the tropics. The knowledge associated with the relative growth rate of species such as G. americana, provides important guidelines for the effective establishment and survival of seedlings after planting in the field. In this study we investigated differences in growth, biomass allocation and photosynthesis of seedlings originating from different mother plants of G. americana in southern Bahia, Brazil. For this, we evaluated fifteen variables associated with carbon balance at the whole plant and leaf scales of twelve G. americana progenies. All seedlings grew over a period of 198 days under similar microclimatic conditions with approximately 65% full sun. Our results showed significant differences in the relative growth rates (RGR), with the highest and lowest mean values being 29.0 and 38.0 mg g-1 day-1, respectively. Differences in RGR between G. americana progenies were highly related to differences in biomass allocation at both whole plant and leaf scales. From a practical point of view, we demonstrate that the selection of mother plants to produce seedlings with higher growth rates, and consequently greater establishment capacity in field plantings, can be made from evaluations of growth and biomass allocation variables at the whole plant scale. Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae tropics G Bahia Brazil 19 65 sun RGR, , (RGR) 290 29 0 29. 380 38 38. g1 g 1 g- day1, day1 day 1, day-1 respectively view plantings scale 6 (RGR 2 3 day-

Resumo Genipa americana (Rubiaceae) é uma árvore frutífera com amplo domínio fitogeográfico e adequada para diferentes sistemas silviculturais nos trópicos. O conhecimento associado à taxa de crescimento relativo de espécies como G. americana fornece diretrizes importantes para o estabelecimento e sobrevivência de mudas após o plantio no campo. Neste estudo investigamos diferenças no crescimento, alocação de biomassa e fotossíntese de mudas originárias de diferentes plantas-mãe de G. americana no sul da Bahia, Brasil. Para isso, foram avaliadas quinze variáveis associadas ao balanço de carbono em escala de planta inteira e escala foliar de doze progênies de G. americana. Todas as mudas cresceram durante um período de 198 dias sob condições microclimáticas semelhantes com aproximadamente 65% de pleno sol. Nossos resultados mostraram diferenças significativas nas taxas de crescimento relativo (RGR), sendo os valores médios mais altos e mais baixos 29.0 e 38.0 mg g-1 dia-1, respectivamente. As diferenças na RGR entre as progênies de G. americana foram altamente relacionadas às diferenças na alocação de biomassa tanto na planta inteira quanto em escala foliar. Do ponto de vista prático, demonstramos que a seleção de plantas matrizes para produção de mudas com maiores taxas de crescimento, e consequentemente maior capacidade de estabelecimento em plantios em campo, pode ser feita a partir da avaliação de variáveis de crescimento e alocação de biomassa em escala de planta inteira. Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae trópicos G campo plantasmãe mãe Bahia Brasil isso 19 65 sol RGR, , (RGR) 290 29 0 29. 380 38 38. g1 g 1 g- dia1, dia1 dia 1, dia-1 respectivamente prático 6 (RGR 2 3 dia-

Resumo A identificação da flora com potencial meliponícola é fundamental para a preservação das abelhas, além de possibilitar o desenvolvimento de programas de manejo de polinizadores e reflorestamento. Nesse contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os tipos de pólen encontrados nos potes de mel e pólen da abelha Melipona fasciculata em Arari-Ma, durante o período de agosto de 2022 a julho de 2023. Foram identificados 40 tipos de pólen distribuídos em 18 famílias botânicas, com destaque para Fabaceae (46,15% nos potes de pólen e 37,86% nos potes de mel), Myrtaceae (11,53% em pólen e 13,51% em mel) e Rubiaceae com 7,69% em pólen e 5,40% em mel. Sapindaceae, nos potes de mel, representou 5,40%. As demais famílias apresentaram percentuais menores, sendo 3,84% nos potes de pólen e 2,70% nos potes de mel. Quanto à similaridade, tanto nos potes de pólen quanto nos de mel, foram observados dois grupos distintos. Nos potes de pólen, o grupo A (mai-jun ~ 97%) e o grupo B (fev-mar ~ 99%) se destacaram, enquanto nos potes de mel, o grupo A (mar-abr ~ 98%) e o grupo B (jun-jul-set ~ 98%) apresentaram maiores percentuais. Essas descobertas ressaltam a ampla gama de recursos utilizados pela espécie M. fasciculata, bem como sua preferência por Fabaceae e Myrtaceae, devido à diversidade e disponibilidade dos recursos tróficos. A compreensão da flora meliponícola é fundamental para embasar estratégias eficazes de conservação, que visam não apenas garantir a sobrevivência das abelhas, mas também assegurar a continuidade da produção de mel, um recurso de grande importância para as comunidades locais. abelhas reflorestamento contexto ArariMa, ArariMa Arari Ma, Ma Arari-Ma 202 2023 4 1 botânicas 46,15% 4615 46 15 (46,15 3786 37 86 37,86 , 11,53% 1153 11 53 (11,53 1351 13 51 13,51 769 7 69 7,69 540 5 5,40 Sapindaceae menores 384 3 84 3,84 270 2 70 2,70 similaridade distintos maijun mai jun 97% 97 fevmar fev mar 99% 99 destacaram marabr abr 98% 98 junjulset jul set M tróficos conservação locais 20 46,15 461 (46,1 378 8 37,8 11,53 115 (11,5 135 13,5 76 6 7,6 54 5,4 38 3,8 27 2,7 9 46,1 (46, 37, 11,5 (11, 13, 7, 5, 3, 2, 46, (46 11, (11 (4 (1 (

Abstract The identification of meliponicultural flora is fundamental for the preservation of bees, as well as enabling the development of pollinator management and reforestation programs. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the types of pollen found in the honey and pollen pots of the Melipona fasciculata bee in Arari, State of Maranhão, between August 2022 and July 2023. 40 types of pollen were identified, distributed among 18 botanical families, with Fabaceae standing out (46.15% in pollen pots and 37.86% in honey pots), Myrtaceae (11.53% in pollen and 13.51% in honey) and Rubiaceae (7.69% in pollen and 5.40% in honey). Sapindaceae, in the honey pots, accounted for 5.40%. The other families showed lower percentages, 3.84% in the pollen pots and 2.70% in the honey pots. In terms of similarity, two distinct groups were observed in both the pollen and honey pots. In the pollen pots, group A (May-June ~ 97%) and group B (Feb-Mar ~ 99%) stood out, while in the honey pots, group A (Mar-Apr ~ 98%) and group B (Jun-Jul-Sept ~ 98%) showed the highest percentages. These findings highlight the wide range of resources used by the M. fasciculata species, as well asits preference for Fabaceae and Myrtaceae, due to the diversity and availability of trophic resources. An understanding of the meliponicultural flora is essential to support effective conservation strategies, which aim not only to guarantee the survival of the bees, but also to ensure the continued production of honey, a resource of great importance to local communities. bees programs context Arari Maranhão 202 2023 4 identified 1 46.15% 4615 46 15 (46.15 3786 37 86 37.86 , pots) 11.53% 1153 11 53 (11.53 1351 13 51 13.51 7.69% 769 7 69 (7.69 540 5 5.40 honey. . Sapindaceae percentages 384 3 84 3.84 270 2 70 2.70 similarity MayJune May June 97% 97 FebMar Feb Mar 99% 99 MarApr Apr 98% 98 JunJulSept Jun Jul Sept M species strategies communities 20 46.15 461 (46.1 378 8 37.8 11.53 115 (11.5 135 13.5 7.69 76 6 (7.6 54 5.4 38 3.8 27 2.7 9 46.1 (46. 37. 11.5 (11. 13. 7.6 (7. 5. 3. 2. 46. (46 11. (11 7. (7 (4 (1 (

Phytochemical study of Psychotria schlechtendaliana (Rubiaceae) aerial parts resulted in the isolation of alkaloids 4 N oxide harmane (1) and strictosidinic acid (2), and the terpenoids sitosterol, estigmasterol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin and betulinic acid. The crude extract (CE), its fractions (hexane FH, chloroform FC, ethyl acetate FEA, hydromethanolic FHM, alkaloidal chloroform FCOH, alkaloidal aqueous FAq) and majority alkaloid (1) were investigated for their antiproliferative potential against nine human tumor cells lines and one non-tumoral human cell line (HaCat). CE, FH and FEA fractions exhibited strong growth inhibition for ovary cells (OVCAR-3, GI50 = 5.89; 1.36 and 6.59 μg mL-1, respectively) and FC, FH and FAq fractions showed potent activity on the growth of leukemia cell lines (K562, GI50 = 1.92; 7.23 and 8.81 μg mL-1, respectively). Compound 1 exhibited selective antiproliferative activity to breast cancer (MCF-7, GI50 = 32.7 μg mL-1) and was non-toxic to HaCat cells. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect, models of ear edema induced by croton oil and the enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) were used. FH and FC fractions exhibited anti-inflammatory effect and reduce ear edema compared to the control group. These fractions showed results superior to those exhibited by indomethacin (75.1%), FH (97.5%) and FC (95.5%) fractions. Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae (1 2, 2 , (2) sitosterol estigmasterol αamyrin, αamyrin α amyrin, amyrin α-amyrin βamyrin β CE (CE) hexane FHM FCOH nontumoral non tumoral HaCat. . (HaCat) OVCAR3, OVCAR3 OVCAR 3, 3 (OVCAR-3 GI GI5 5.89 589 5 89 136 36 1.3 659 6 59 6.5 mL1, mL1 mL 1, mL-1 respectively K562, K562 K (K562 1.92 192 92 723 7 23 7.2 881 8 81 8.8 respectively. MCF7, MCF7 MCF 7, (MCF-7 327 32 32. nontoxic toxic antiinflammatory anti inflammatory MPO (MPO used group 75.1%, 751 75.1% 75 (75.1%) 97.5% 975 97 (97.5% 95.5% 955 95 (95.5% ( (2 (CE (HaCat (OVCAR- 5.8 58 13 1. 65 6. mL- K56 (K56 1.9 19 9 72 7. 88 8. (MCF- 75.1 (75.1% 97.5 (97.5 95.5 (95.5 (OVCAR 5. K5 (K5 (MCF 75. (75.1 97. (97. 95. (95. (K (75. (97 (95 (75 (9 (7

ABSTRACT In experimental studies, achieving an optimal plot configuration holds significant importance. This study aimed to establish suitable experimental plot sizes for evaluating agronomic traits of clone LB1 conilon coffee seedlings grown in tubes. Both non-destructive and destructive traits were evaluated using seedlings obtained from a nursery, with each seedling allocated to basic experimental units. A completely randomized block design was used and various scenarios were generated based on combinations of treatments (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40), replicates (3, 4, 5, 6 and 7) and levels of experimental precision (10, 20, 30 and 40 %). Convenient plot size recommendations were obtained for clone LB1 conilon coffee seedlings grown in tubes. studies importance LB tubes nondestructive non nursery units 3, 3 (3 4 5 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 40, , 40) (10 %. % . %) ( 1 2 (1

RESUMO Em estudos experimentais, alcançar uma configuração ideal de parcela é de importância significativa. Objetivou-se estabelecer tamanhos de parcelas experimentais adequados para a avaliação de características agronômicas de mudas do clone LB1 de café conilon cultivadas em tubetes. Tanto as características não destrutivas quanto as destrutivas foram avaliadas a partir de mudas obtidas em viveiro, sendo cada muda alocada em unidades experimentais básicas. Utilizou-se delineamento de blocos inteiramente casualizados e vários cenários foram gerados com base em combinações de tratamentos (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40), repetições (3, 4, 5, 6 e 7) e níveis de precisão experimental (10, 20, 30 e 40 %). Obtiveram-se recomendações convenientes de tamanho de parcela para mudas do clone LB1 de café conilon cultivadas em tubetes. significativa Objetivouse Objetivou se LB tubetes viveiro básicas Utilizouse Utilizou 3, 3 (3 4 5 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 40, , 40) (10 %. % . %) Obtiveramse Obtiveram ( 1 2 (1

Abstract We present a floristic survey of the family Rubiaceae in Juquery State Park, a conservation unit that harbors the largest Cerrado area in the metropolitan region of São Paulo and is a refuge within the Atlantic Forest domain. The work was conducted using conventional methods in plant taxonomy, including fieldwork between 2020 and 2023, a literature survey, visits to herbaria, and requests for specimen loans. Previous articles revealed the high diversity of the family in the park, but no specific treatment had been published. In the present study, 35 species distributed in 15 genera were recorded in different phytophysiognomies, and Borreria (7 spp.), Palicourea (5 spp.), Coccocypselum (4 spp.), Psychotria (4 spp.), and Galianthe (3 spp.) are the richest. Four genera (Cordiera, Hexasepalum, Malanea and Mitracarpus) and 21 species are new records for this conservation unit. A dichotomous identification key and photos of the species are also provided. The diversity of Rubiaceae species in the study area is greater than previously recorded in broader surveys, and the mosaic formed by open and forest phytophysiognomies in the park probably contributes to this high level of diversity. Park domain taxonomy 202 2023 herbaria loans published 3 1 7 ( spp., spp spp. , 5 4 richest Cordiera, Cordiera (Cordiera Hexasepalum Mitracarpus 2 provided surveys 20

Resumo Apresentamos um levantamento florístico da família Rubiaceae no Parque Estadual do Juquery, uma Unidade de Conservação que abriga a maior área de Cerrado da região metropolitana de São Paulo. O trabalho foi elaborado com base nos métodos convencionais em taxonomia vegetal: trabalho de campo com expedições de campo entre 2020 e 2023, levantamento bibliográfico, visita a herbários e pedidos de empréstimo de materiais. Estudos anteriores revelaram uma alta diversidade da família no parque, mas nenhum tratamento específico havia sido realizado. No presente estudo foram registradas 35 espécies em diversas fitofisionomias, que estão distribuídas em 15 gêneros, sendo Borreria (7 spp.), Palicourea (5 spp.), Coccocypselum (4 spp.), Psychotria (4 spp.), e Galianthe (3 spp.) os mais diversos. Também reportamos quatro gêneros (Cordiera, Hexasepalum, Malanea e Mitracarpus) e 21 espécies sem registro prévio para essa Unidade de Conservação. Uma chave dicotômica de identificação e fotos das espécies são apresentadas em conjunto a lista de espécies. A diversidade de espécies de Rubiaceae na área de estudo é maior do que já tinha sido registrada em levantamentos mais amplos, e o mosaico formado por fitofisionomias abertas e florestais presentes no Parque deve contribuir para essa alta diversidade. Juquery Paulo vegetal 202 2023 bibliográfico materiais parque realizado 3 1 7 ( spp., spp spp. , 5 4 diversos Cordiera, Cordiera (Cordiera Hexasepalum Mitracarpus 2 amplos 20

ABSTRACT Zygothrica is a genus of Drosophilidae (Diptera) whose species utilize flowers and fungi for breeding sites, with records of fungi being used as courtship arena. Due to this habit, its representation in Drosophilidae surveys using banana-baited traps is generally low. However, Zygothrica orbitalis was well represented in a few samples with these traps. In this study, we report for the first time the breeding site of Z. orbitalis in living fruits of Psychotria brachyceras (Rubiaceae), noting that the use of living fruits is rare among Drosophilidae. The fructification of the plant occurs in the area of study from May to August, with previous collection records of the species in the Restinga (sandbank or strand) forest. Additionally, the emergence of some individuals of the invasive species Drosophila suzukii was observed, which highlights the necessity for continuous study of this plant to understand the dynamics between a native and an exotic species. Besides the ecological importance, our results are relevant for understanding the evolution of trophic resource use by the Zygothrica genus. Diptera (Diptera sites arena habit bananabaited banana baited low However Z Rubiaceae, Rubiaceae , (Rubiaceae) August sandbank strand forest Additionally observed importance (Rubiaceae

ABSTRACT The Tijuca National Park comprises the world's largest urban forest. It has a rich flora, with around 1,550 plant species. For the first time, the insect galls of this area were investigated. We carried out 12 monthly collections from January to December/2009. Samples of host plants were pressed and identified. Galls were photographed and characterized according to their external morphology and number of chambers. Gall-inducing insects and secondary inhabitants were obtained from gall dissecation as well as from rearing in laboratory. Data on origin and geographic distribution of plant species were retrieved from Flora e Funga do Brasil website. We found 72 gall morphotypes on 43 plant species (36 genera, and 23 families). Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae, Salicaeae and Melastomataceae were the botanical families with the highest gall richness. Psychotria cf. bahiensis DC. (Rubiaceae) and Serjania sp. (Sapindaceae) highlighted as super host plant species. Five host plants are endemic to Brazil; they shelters eight gall morphotypes. Due to the high specificity of the gall-inducing insects, we considered them co-endemic, Leaf galls were the most frequent. Gall-inducers were represented mainly by Cecidomyiidae. Galls of Tijuca National Park followed the patterns already known from Brazil, but it richness is relatively low when compared to other areas of the Atlantic forest. worlds world s forest flora 1550 1 550 1,55 time investigated December2009 December 2009 December/2009 identified chambers Gallinducing Gall inducing laboratory website 7 4 36 (3 genera 2 families. . families) Rubiaceae Sapindaceae cf DC (Rubiaceae sp (Sapindaceae Brazil gallinducing coendemic, coendemic co endemic, co-endemic frequent Gallinducers inducers Cecidomyiidae 155 55 1,5 December200 200 December/200 3 ( 15 5 1, December20 20 December/20 December2 December/2 December/

RESUMEN Los bosques montanos se encuentran en un rango altitudinal entre 800 y 3500 m snm, conservan una importante diversidad de especies arbóreas y altos niveles de endemismos. Muchos de estos bosques están siendo convertidos a otros usos de tierra y en algunos casos ocurren procesos sucesionales que permiten el establecimiento de bosques secundarios. Con el fin de evaluar la contribución florística de estos bosques montanos secundarios a la flora arbórea de la región de la Selva Central del Perú, se analizó la composición florística y la diversidad arbórea en dos bosques secundarios ubicados en la provincia de Chanchamayo. Para ello, se instalaron dos parcelas per- manentes de monitoreo de vegetación, siendo estas la Parcela Puyu Sacha Bosque Secundario (P-PS) de 1 ha ubicada en un bosque montano a 2060 m snm, donde se registraron 638 individuos, 52 especies, 37 géneros y 28 familias botánicas, y la Parce- la Génova Bosque Secundario 2 (P-GS2) de 0,6 ha ubicada en un bosque premontano a 1040 m snm, donde se registraron 242 individuos, 34 especies, 32 géneros y 21 familias botánicas. En P-PS (estrato montano entre 1500 y 3500 m snm) las familias más abundantes fueron Urticaceae, Actinidiaceae, Melastomataceae, Cordiaceae y Rubiaceae; y las especies más abundantes fueron Cordia cylindristachya (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult., Miconia aff. crassistigma Cogn., Saurauia biserrata (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng., Cecropia angustifolia Trécul, Cecropia sp.2 y Saurauia glabra (Ruiz & Pav.) Soejarto. En P-GS2 (estrato premontano entre 800 y 1500 m snm) las familias más abundantes fueron Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Cannabaceae, Piperaceae y Urticaceae; y las especies más abundantes fueron Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong, Trema mi- crantha (L.) Blume, Cecropia polystachya Trécul, Erythrina ulei Harms y Piper aduncum L. Ambas parcelas presentaron bajos niveles de diversidad debido a que se ubican sobre bosques secundarios que en el pasado tuvieron intervenciones antrópicas.

ABSTRACT Montane forests are found in an altitudinal range between 800 and 3500 m asl and conserve an important diversity of tree species and high levels of endemism. Many of these forests are being converted to other land uses and, in some cases, successional processes are occurring that allow the establishment of secondary forests. In order to evaluate the floristic contribution of these secondary montane forests to the arboreal flora of the Selva Central region of Peru, we analyzed the floristic composition and tree diversity in two secondary forests located in the province of Chanchamayo. For this purpose, two permanent vegetation monitoring plots were installed, the Puyu Sacha Secondary Forest Plot (P-PS) of 1 ha located in a montane forest at 2060 m asl, where 638 individuals, 52 species, 37 genera and 28 botanical families were recorded, and the Genova Secondary Forest 2 Plot (P-GS2) of 0.6 ha located in a premontane forest at 1040 m asl, where 242 individuals, 34 species, 32 genera and 21 botanical families were recorded. In P-PS (montane stratum between 1500 and 3500 m asl) the most abundant families were Urticaceae, Actinidiaceae, Melastomataceae, Cordiace- ae and Rubiaceae; and the most abundant species were Cordia cylindristachya (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult., Miconia aff. crassistigma Cogn., Saurauia biserrata (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng., Cecropia angustifolia Trécul, Cecropia sp.2 and Saurauia glabra (Ruiz & Pav.) Soejarto. In P-GS2 (premontane stratum between 800 and 1500 m asl) the most abundant families were Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Cannabaceae, Piperaceae and Urticaceae; and the most abundant species were Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong, Trema micrantha (L.) Blume, Cecropia polystachya Trécul, Erythrina ulei Harms and Piper aduncum L. Both plots showed low levels of diversity because they are located in secondary forests that in the past had anthropic interventions.

RESUMO: O jenipapeiro (Genipa americana L.) é uma espécie nativa não endêmica do Brasil pertencente à família Rubiaceae. É considerada uma espécie que une os pilares socioeconômicos e ambientais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer a indução da embriogênese somática indireta em genótipos de jenipapeiro. Foram utilizados explantes foliares dos acessos UMB, SAL, JSA, SC e CER cultivados em meio primário composto por ½ MS, 30 g/L de sacarose e 3g/L de Phytagel™ com as combinações dos reguladores de ANA x BAP M1: 4,0/4,0 mg/L de ANA e BAP, M2: 4,0/6,0 mg/L de ANA e BAP e M3: 6,0/4,0 mg/L de ANA e BAP. Aos 60 dias de cultura foram transferidas para meio secundário de multiplicação de calos embriogênicos suplementado com 2,21 mg/L de 2,4-D. Aos 30 e 60 dias foram avaliados o incremento (%) e a massa fresca (g) dos calos primários e aos 120 dias a presença de calos embriogênicos. O meio primário com 4,0 mg/L de ANA e 6,0 mg/L de BAP induziu calos primários embriogênicos em explantes foliares dos acessos SAL, SC e JSA de jenipapeiro. O meio secundário foi promissor para multiplicação de calos embriogênicos. A análise citoquímica confirmou a presença de células embriogênicas nos acessos SAL, SC e JSA. RESUMO Genipa L. L Rubiaceae ambientais UMB SAL MS 3 gL g 3gL 3g Phytagel M1 M 4040 4 0 4,0/4, mgL mg M2 4060 6 4,0/6, M3 6040 6,0/4, 221 2 21 2,2 2,4D. 24D D 2,4 D. 2,4-D % (% (g 12 40 4, 6, 404 4,0/4 406 4,0/6 604 6,0/4 22 2, 4D 2,4D 24 ( 1 4,0/ 6,0/

ABSTRACT: The genipap (Genipa americana L.) is a non-endemic species native to Brazil belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It is a species that unites socioeconomic and environmental pillars. The study objective was to establish the induction of indirect somatic embryogenesis in foliar explants of genipap genotypes. Leaf explants of UMB, SAL, JSA, SC, and CER accessions cultivated in half the salt concentration of Murashige & Skoog (MS), 30 g/L sucrose, and 3g/L PhytagelTM with the following combinations of NAA × BA regulators were used: M1: 4.0/4.0 mg/L NAA and BA, M2: 4.0/6.0 mg/L NAA and BA, and M3: 6.0/4.0 mg/L NAA and BA. At 60 days of culture, they were transferred to secondary embryogenic callus multiplication medium supplemented with 2.21 mg/L of 2,4-D. At 30 and 60 days, the increment (%) and fresh mass (g) of primary callus and at 120 days the presence of embryogenic callus were evaluated. The primary medium with 4.0 mg/L of NAA and 6.0 mg/L of BA induced embryogenic primary callus in leaf explants of the genipap accessions SAL, SC, and JSA. The secondary medium was promising for the multiplication of embryogenic callus. Cytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of embryogenic cells in SAL, SC, and JSA accessions. ABSTRACT Genipa L. L nonendemic non endemic Rubiaceae pillars genotypes UMB SAL SC MS, MS , (MS) 3 gL g sucrose 3gL 3g used M1 M 4040 4 0 4.0/4. mgL mg M2 4060 6 4.0/6. M3 6040 6.0/4. culture 221 2 21 2.2 2,4D. 24D D 2,4 D. 2,4-D % (% (g 12 evaluated 40 4. 6. (MS 404 4.0/4 406 4.0/6 604 6.0/4 22 2. 4D 2,4D 24 2, ( 1 4.0/ 6.0/

ABSTRACT We report the occurrence of Tapanhuacanga campinorum in the Parque Estadual do Cristalino, in the State of Mato Grosso, Central-West Brazil. This represents the first record of the genus in this State and the species in this region of the country, since T. campinorum was known only from the Amazonian campinas vegetation in the States of Amazonas and Pará, in the northern region of Brazil. We further comment on the distribution, conservation, and taxonomic aspects of this species. Cristalino Grosso CentralWest Central West Brazil country T Pará distribution conservation

RESUMO Relatamos a ocorrência de Tapanhuacanga campinorum no Parque Estadual do Cristalino, no Estado do Mato Grosso, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Este representa o primeiro registro do gênero neste estado e da espécie nesta região do país, já que T. campinorum era conhecida apenas das vegetações de campinas amazônicas dos Estados do Amazonas e Pará, na região Norte do Brazil. Comentamos ainda sobre a distribuição, conservação e aspectos taxonômicos desta espécie. Cristalino Grosso CentroOeste Centro Oeste Brasil país T Pará Brazil distribuição

RESUMO Ayahuasca é uma decocção psicoativa originalmente usada na cultura indígena amazônica. É constituída por um líquido denso e marrom que resulta mais frequentemente da decocção de duas plantas nativas da floresta amazônica, Psychotria viridis (Rubiaceae) e Banisteriopsis caapi (Malpighiaceae). A composição da decocção é variável, pois diversas espécies vegetais podem ser utilizadas em seu preparo. Seu efeito psicoativo ocorre devido à presença de N,N-dimetiltriptamina (DMT), agonista dos receptores serotoninérgicos (5-HT1A/2A/2C), que é metabolizado pela enzima monoamina oxidase tipo A (MAO-A), e também à presença de β-carbolinas, que são inibidores reversíveis da MAO-A. Essa interação conjunta promove uma sequência de efeitos neuroquímicos psicodélicos. Devido à atual expansão das pesquisas sobre substâncias psicodélicas e ao crescente interesse público nos benefícios da ayahuasca, além do seu uso tradicional na Amazônia, as pesquisas acadêmicas sobre sua capacidade terapêutica têm aumentado. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as evidências científicas do potencial terapêutico da ingestão de ayahuasca. A revisão abrangeu o período 2012-2022, e resultou em evidências sobre os efeitos terapêuticos da ayahuasca na depressão/ansiedade, dependência química/alcoolismo e doença de Parkinson, bem como efeitos neuropsicológicos, e possíveis efeitos tóxicos na reprodução/desenvolvimento embrionário, entre outros efeitos adversos. O maior número de publicações no período pesquisado tratou dos efeitos da ayahuasca sobre a depressão e a ansiedade. Estudos futuros precisam abordar o mecanismo detalhado de ação da ayahuasca, bem como sua potencial toxicidade, a fim de demonstrar sua segurança. amazônica Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae Malpighiaceae. Malpighiaceae . (Malpighiaceae) variável preparo N,Ndimetiltriptamina NNdimetiltriptamina N,N dimetiltriptamina N DMT, DMT , (DMT) 5HT1A/2A/2C, 5HT1A2A2C HTAAC 5 HT1A/2A/2C HT1A 2A 2C HT C (5-HT1A/2A/2C) MAOA, MAOA MAO (MAO-A) βcarbolinas, βcarbolinas β carbolinas, carbolinas β-carbolinas MAOA. A. MAO-A psicodélicos Amazônia aumentado 20122022, 20122022 2012 2022, 2022 2012-2022 depressãoansiedade ansiedade depressão/ansiedade químicaalcoolismo química alcoolismo Parkinson neuropsicológicos reproduçãodesenvolvimento reprodução desenvolvimento embrionário adversos toxicidade segurança (Malpighiaceae Ndimetiltriptamina NN (DMT 5HT1A 5HT1A/2A/2C HT1A2A2C HTA (5-HT1A/2A/2C (MAO-A 2012202 201 202 2012-202 201220 20 2012-20 20122 2 2012-2 2012-

ABSTRACT Ayahuasca is a psychoactive decoction originally used in indigenous Amazonian culture. It consists of a dense brown liquid that most frequently results from the decoction of two plants native to the Amazon rainforest, Psychotria viridis (Rubiaceae) and Banisteriopsis caapi (Malpighiaceae). The composition of the decoction is variable, as several plant species can be used in its preparation. Its psychoactive effect occurs due to the presence of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an agonist at serotonergic receptors (5-HT1A/2A/2C) that is metabolized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A), and also the presence of β-carbolines, which are reversible MAO-A inhibitors. This joint interaction promotes a sequence of psychedelic neurochemical effects. Due to the current expansion of research on psychedelic substances and the growing public interest in the benefits of ayahuasca beyond its traditional use in the Amazon, academic research on its therapeutic capacity has been increasing. This study aimed to carry out a literature review on the scientific evidence for the therapeutic potential of ingesting ayahuasca. The review covered the period 2012-2022, and resulted in evidence on the therapeutic effects of ayahuasca on depression/anxiety, chemical dependency/alcoholism and Parkinson’s disease, as well as neuropsychological effects, and possible toxic effects on reproduction/embryonic development, among other adverse effects. The highest number of publications in the searched period dealt with the effects of ayahuasca on depression and anxiety. Further studies need to address the detailed mechanism of action of ayahuasca, as well as its potential toxicity, in order to demonstrate its safety. culture rainforest Rubiaceae (Rubiaceae Malpighiaceae. Malpighiaceae . (Malpighiaceae) variable preparation N,Ndimethyltryptamine NNdimethyltryptamine N,N dimethyltryptamine N DMT, DMT , (DMT) 5HT1A/2A/2C 5HT1A2A2C HTAAC 5 HT1A/2A/2C HT1A 2A 2C HT C (5-HT1A/2A/2C MAOA, MAOA MAO (MAO-A) βcarbolines, βcarbolines β carbolines, carbolines β-carbolines inhibitors increasing 20122022, 20122022 2012 2022, 2022 2012-2022 depressionanxiety anxiety depression/anxiety dependencyalcoholism dependency alcoholism Parkinsons Parkinson s disease reproductionembryonic reproduction embryonic development toxicity safety (Malpighiaceae Ndimethyltryptamine NN (DMT 5HT1A HT1A2A2C HTA (MAO-A 2012202 201 202 2012-202 201220 20 2012-20 20122 2 2012-2 2012-

ABSTRACT The genus Cinchona L. (Rubiaceae) has 23 species, of which 19 are distributed in Peru. Although it is a very important genus worldwide, its habitats are being degrad- ed at an accelerated rate. No research on the site quality of these species has been conducted, making it difficult to devise habitat recovery plans. The objective of the research was to estimate the site quality of Cinchona pubescens Vahl., in La Palma montane forest, located in the district and province of Chota, Cajamarca region, Peru. Three circular plots of 500 m2 (r =12.6 m) were established, and the total height and circumference at breast height of the trees were measured. An analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the existence of site classes. Climatic, physiographic and edaphic variables were obtained and correlated with tree height to explain their relationship; in addition, a Principal Component Analysis was performed to ex- plain the variability of the studied variables. No statistical difference was detected between the mean heights of the trees, since all the plots presented similar site quality. The edaphoclimatic factors were not correlated with height. However, the Principal Component Analysis showed that edaphic variables had a greater influence on the height of Cinchona pubescens Vahl. than climatic and topographic variables. This species grows in sandy loam soils, with a strongly acid pH and medium to high concentrations of some elements, such as organic matter, P, K and N.

RESUMEN El género Cinchona L. (Rubiaceae) agrupa 23 especies, de las cuales 19 se encuentran distribuidas en Perú. Pese a ser un género importante a nivel mundial, sus hábitats están siendo degradados de manera acelerada, sin contar con investigaciones sobre la calidad de sitio de estas especies, dificultando generar planes de recuperación de su hábitat. El objetivo de la investigación fue estimar la calidad de sitio de Cinchona pubescens Vahl., en el bosque montano La Palma, localizado en el distrito y provincia de Chota, región Cajamarca, Perú. Se establecieron tres parcelas circulares de 500 m2 (r =12,6 m), donde se midió la altura total y la circunferencia a la altura del pecho de los árboles. Se realizó el análisis de varianza para evaluar la existencia de clases de sitio. Se obtuvieron variables climáticas, fisiográficas y edáficas que fueron corre- lacionadas con la altura de los árboles, para explicar su relación; además se realizó un Análisis de Componentes Principales con el fin de explicar la variabilidad de los parámetros en estudio. Se determinó que no existe diferencia estadística entre las alturas medias de los árboles; por cuanto, todas las parcelas presentan similitud de calidad de sitio. Los factores edafoclimáticos no presentaron correlación con la altura. Sin embargo, el Análisis de Componentes Principales, evidenció que las variables edáficas influyen más que las climáticas y topográficas sobre la altura de Cinchona pubescens Vahl. Esta especie crece en suelos francos arenosos, con pH fuertemente ácido y concentraciones medias a altas de algunos elementos como materia orgánica, P, K y N.

Resumen Introducción: La regeneración natural es una solución de bajo costo y basada en la naturaleza para restaurar parte de los hábitats degradados por la deforestación. Objetivo: Documentar la composición florística de un fragmento de vegetación en regeneración de bosque muy húmedo premontano. Métodos: Hicimos un inventario florístico en 5,59ha mediante recorridos exhaustivos. Resultados: Identificamos 74 familias, 144 géneros y 170 especies nativas, y 15 familias, 21 géneros y 22 especies introducidas, y un híbrido. Las familias con mayor riqueza de géneros y especies fueron Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Polypodiaceae, Lauraceae y Pteridaceae. Los géneros con mayor riqueza de especies fueron Solanum, Pleopeltis, Pteris, Croton y Piper. Hallamos dos especies endémicas, Costus montanus y Sechium tacaco. El 95% de las especies son terrestres, 4% epífitas facultativas y 1% holoepífitas; 30% árboles, 29% arbustos, 27% hierbas, 9% lianas y 5% sufrútices. Cerca del 64% son estrictamente heliófitas, y un 36% de las especies pueden tolerar la sombra. 148 especies tiene al menos nombre común. Conclusión: Este bosque se encuentra en un estado temprano de regeneración, con una composición de especies típica de los bosques premontanos del Valle Central costarricense, por lo que es relevante conservarlo.

Abstract Introduction: Natural restoration is a low cost and nature-based way to restore part of habitats degraded by deforestation. Objective: To document the floristic composition of a regenerating vegetation fragment of very wet premontane forest. Methods: We did a floristic inventory in 5,59ha through exhaustive walks. Results: We documented 74 families, 144 genera and 170 native species, and 15 families, 21 genera and 22 exotic species, and one hybrid. The families with the highest genera and species riches were Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Polypodiaceae, Lauraceae, and Pteridaceae. The genera with the highest species richness were Solanum, Pleopeltis, Pteris, Croton, and Piper. We identified two endemic species, Costus montanus and Sechium tacaco. 95% of the species are terrestrial, 4% facultative epiphytes, and 1% holoepiphytes; 30% trees, 29% shrubs, 27% herbs, 9% lianas, and 5% dwarf shrub. About 64% are strictly heliophytes, and 36% of the species may tolerate shade. 148 species have at least one vernacular name. Conclusion: It is relevant to conserve this forest fragment, which is in an early state of regeneration, because its species composition typical of the premontane forests of the Costa Rican Central Valley.