Abstract Purpose: To analyze the role of the community assembly as a determining instrument to exercise governance in local indigenous politics, because the various disputes between political factions erode the social fabric and increase the inequality gap. Methodological design: A qualitative, ethnographic study in the municipality of San Luis Amatlán, Oaxaca. Fifteen in-depth interviews were carried out with authorities throughout the municipality and with the adult population. The analysis was done with the analytical categories of governance in the Internal Regulatory Systems, in addition to the participants’ opinion on the performance of the municipal administrator. Results: It was found that the recovery of the municipal community assembly, as well as the assemblies in agencies and rancherías caused greater trust among the participants, together with an increase in the possibility of tracing a joint route to recover local governance through the election of the municipal council. Limitations of the study: Although the ethnographic approach sought to give voice to multiple community actors and social sectors, the research had a greater relationship with the authorities because they coexist more closely with the resource administration processes and their oversight. Findings: The community assembly is a fundamental element of the Internal Regulatory Systems which are consistent with the local customs and habits. The function of the assembly is not only to build consensus, it also acts as a means of control and administrative surveillance. Also, there is persistent conflict derived from the institutional design of indigenous municipalities, which have forms of resolution in their uses and customs such as the assembly, which is a space to address problems directly and without intermediaries.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el rol de la asamblea comunitaria como instrumento determinante para ejercer gobernanza en la política local indígena, ya que las diversas disputas entre facciones políticas erosionan el tejido social e incrementan la brecha de desigualdad. Diseño metodológico: Es de tipo cualitativo con una etnografía en el municipio de San Luis Amatlán, Oaxaca. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas a profundidad con autoridades en todo el municipio y con población adulta. El análisis se hizo con las categorías analíticas de gobernanza en los Sistemas Normativos Internos, además de la opinión sobre la figura de administrador municipal. Resultados: Se constató que la recuperación de la asamblea comunitaria municipal, así como las asambleas en agencias y rancherías, provocó mayor confianza entre las partes y la posibilidad de trazar una ruta conjunta para recobrar la gobernanza local a través de la elección del cabildo municipal. Limitaciones del estudio: Aunque la etnografía buscó dar voz a múltiples actores y sectores sociales comunitarios, la investigación tuvo mayor relación con las personas autoridades ya que éstas conviven con mayor cercanía con los procesos de administración de los recursos y su contraloría. Hallazgos: La asamblea comunitaria es un elemento fundamental en los Sistemas Normativos Internos, los cuales están insertos en los usos y costumbres indígenas y su función no sólo es construir consensos, sino que además actúa como medio de contraloría y vigilancia administrativa. También existe persistente conflictividad derivada del diseño institucional de los municipios indígenas, los cuales tienen formas de resolución en sus usos y costumbres como la asamblea, la cual es un espacio para abordar problemas de forma directa y sin intermediarios.

Abstract This article explores the design and application of machine learning techniques to enhance traditional approaches for solving NP-hard optimization problems. Specifically, it focuses on the Last-Mile Routing Research Challenge (LMRRC), supported by Amazon and MIT, which sought innovative solutions for cargo routing optimization. While the challenge provided travel times and zone identifiers, the dependency on these factors raises concerns about the algorithms’ generalizability to different contexts and regions with standard delivery services registries. To address these concerns, this study proposes personalized cost matrices that incorporate both distance and time models, along with the relationships between delivery stops. Additionally, it presents an improved approach to sequencing stops by combining exact and approximate algorithms, utilizing a customized regression technique alongside fine-tuned metaheuristics and heuristics refinements. The resulting methodology achieves competitive scores on the LMRRC validation dataset, which comprises routes from the USA. By carefully delineating route characteristics, the study enables the selection of specific technique combinations for each route, considering its geometrical and geographical attributes. Furthermore, the proposed methodologies are successfully applied to real-case scenarios of last-mile deliveries in Montevideo (Uruguay), demonstrating similar average scores and accuracy on new testing routes. This research contributes to the advancement of last-mile delivery optimization by leveraging personalized cost matrices and algorithmic refinements. The findings highlight the potential for improving existing approaches and their adaptability to diverse geographic contexts, paving the way for more efficient and effective delivery services in the future.

Resumen Este artículo explora el diseño y aplicación de técnicas de aprendizaje automático para mejorar los enfoques tradicionales y así resolver problemas de optimización NP-hard. En particular, se enfoca en el Last-Mile Routing Research Challenge (LMRRC), apoyado por Amazon y MIT, que buscaba soluciones innovadoras para la optimización de rutas de carga. Si bien el desafío proporcionó tiempos de viaje e identificadores de zona, la dependencia de estos factores plantea preocupaciones sobre la generalización de los algoritmos a diferentes contextos y regiones con registros de servicios de entrega estándar. Para abordar estas interrogantes, este estudio propone matrices de costos personalizadas que incorporan modelos de distancia y tiempo, junto con las relaciones entre las paradas de entrega. Además, presenta enfoques mejorados para la secuenciación de paradas mediante la combinación de algoritmos exactos y aproximados, utilizando técnicas de regresión personalizada junto con metaheurísticas y refinamientos heurísticos ajustados. La metodología resultante logra puntajes competitivos en el conjunto de datos de validación LMRRC, que usa rutas de EE. UU. Al delinear cuidadosamente las características de la ruta, el estudio permite la selección de combinaciones de técnicas específicas para cada ruta, considerando sus atributos geométricos y geográficos. Además, las metodologías propuestas se aplican con éxito a escenarios de casos reales de entregas en Montevideo (Uruguay), demostrando puntajes promedio y precisión similares en nuevas rutas de prueba. Esta investigación contribuye al avance de la optimización de la entrega de última milla al aprovechar matrices de costos personalizadas y refinamientos algorítmicos. Los hallazgos resaltan el potencial para mejorar los enfoques existentes y su adaptabilidad a diversos contextos geográficos, allanando el camino para servicios de entrega más eficientes y efectivos en el futuro.

Abstract In recent years, drug repurposing (DR) has gained significant attention as a promising strategy for iden tifying new therapeutic uses of existing drugs. One po tential candidate for DR in cancer treatment is sodium dichloroacetate (DCA), which has been shown to alter tumor metabolism and decrease apoptosis resistance in cancer cells. In this paper, we present a scoping review of the use of DCA for cancer treatment in adult patients, aiming to identify key research gaps in this area. This scoping review aims to explore the existing scientific literature to provide an overview of the use of DCA (any dose, frequency, or route of administration) in adults with cancer. A comprehensive literature search of the medical databases MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, EPISTEMONI KOS, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials was performed. We included publications reporting on adult patients diagnosed with any type of cancer treated with sodium dichloroacetate in combination or not with other drugs. All types of study design were included. A total of 12 articles were included, most of them were case reports. We found a high degree of heteroge neity between them. The most frequent adverse events in the evaluated studies were asthenia, reversible toxic ity, and an increase in liver enzymes. Effectiveness was difficult to evaluate. We conclude that there is insufficient evidence to affirm that treatment with DCA in cancer patients is effective or is safe.

Resumen El reposicionamiento de fármacos (RF) es un enfo que terapéutico reciente que se presenta como una estrategia prometedora para identificar nuevos usos terapéuticos de fármacos existentes. Un candidato potencial para RF en el tratamiento del cáncer es el dicloroacetato de sodio (DCA), el cual ha mostrado la capacidad de alterar el metabolismo tumoral y dismi nuir la resistencia a la apoptosis de células tumorales. La presente es una revisión (scoping review) del uso del DCA para el tratamiento del cáncer en pacientes adultos, que tiene como objetivo identificar brechas de investigación claves en esta área. Esta revisión pretende explorar la literatura científica existente, para propor cionar una visión general del uso del DCA (cualquier dosis, frecuencia o vía de administración) en individuos adultos con cáncer. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda exhaustiva de la lite ratura en las bases médicas de datos MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS, EPISTEMONIKOS, the Cochrane Library y Clini calTrials. Se incluyeron publicaciones que informaban sobre pacientes adultos diagnosticados con cualquier tipo de cáncer, tratados con DCA, en combinación o no con otros fármacos. Dichos estudios presentaban distintos tipos de diseño. Se incluyó un total de 12 artículos, la mayoría de los cuales fueron reportes de casos. Se encontró un alto grado de heterogeneidad entre los mismos. Los even tos adversos más frecuentes fueron astenia, toxicidad reversible y aumento de las enzimas hepáticas, siendo la efectividad terapéutica difícil de evaluar. Concluimos que existe evidencia insuficiente para afirmar que el tratamiento con DCA en pacientes con cáncer es efectivo y/o seguro.

Abstract: The automotive manufacturing industry faces diverse challenges, including designing new parts, optimizing schedule times, developing aerodynamic car designs, refining painting processes, and advancing autonomous driving. The car painting process is a new optimization area in the computational context due to the complexity and damage caused by various factors. Our research focuses on designing a robotic arm with five degrees of freedom that operates in a two-dimensional plane and is integrated with metaheuristics for path optimization. Our methodology consists of defining and limiting the problem, analyzing requirements, designing the robotic arm, implementing routes, and conducting tests. For the design of data instances, the Methodology proposed by [42] was used in this work. Subsequently, a pool of perturbation heuristics and an iterated local search algorithm are used, which allowed us to design the best combination of heuristics that can provide a competitive solution to the problem of route design for the robotic arm in the automobile painting process. This study includes a comprehensive review of related work, theoretical concepts, and the application of metaheuristics. The results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed heuristics, with the K-OPT heuristic demonstrating superior performance. Statistical tests confirm the significance of the differences among the heuristics. This paper concludes with insights into future research directions, emphasizing the importance of safety practices and Industry 4.0 technology in mitigating health risks associated with the automotive painting process.

Pure and cobalt-doped 3D ZnO were produced using the microwave (MW)-ultraviolet (UV)-visible (Vis) radiation-assisted hydrothermal method (MW-UV-Vis HM). Using experimental design, the effects of cobalt and UV-Vis radiation during the synthesis stage on the physicochemical properties of the materials were evaluated with different characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance, and electrochemistry. The presence of cobalt had a great influence on the reduction of charge donors in the ZnO matrix and had their photocatalytic properties improved when produced under the effect of UV-Vis radiation. The catalytic activity of the materials has been verified in important environmental remediation reactions, such as the electrochemical reduction of CO2 and the photocatalytic degradation of emerging pollutants. The results achieved in this study show competitive efficiency values for CO2 reduction (97%) and photocatalytic degradation (91%) of emerging pollutants in natural waters, illustrating the great versatility of the produced material in distinct applications. cobaltdoped doped D MWultraviolet MW ultraviolet UVvisible UV visible Vis (Vis radiationassisted assisted MWUVVis HM. HM . HM) design UVVis Xray X ray diffraction microscopy reflectance electrochemistry reactions CO 97% 97 (97% 91% 91 (91% waters applications 9 (97 (91 (9 (

RESUMEN Introducción: Las adaptaciones cardiovasculares son indicadores determinantes de la preparación deportiva; su control eficiente permite acciones concretas que mejoran el proceso bioadaptativo del organismo, con el diseño prospectivo de metodologías pedagógicas para la optimización fisiológica y el incremento gradual del rendimiento deportivo en los voleibolistas. Objetivo: Analizar pedagógicamente las adaptaciones cardiovasculares del equipo masculino campeón universitario de voleibol, en el año 2011. Métodos: Investigación transicional/descriptiva y explicativa de orden correlacional y no experimental. Se estudia a los mejores voleibolistas (n = 14) que previamente ganaron el campeonato nacional masculino universitario de voleibol en 2011, en Cuba. Se controlan ocho unidades de entrenamiento en su sesión final durante dos mesociclos de entrenamiento basados en un modelo de bloques. Se autocontrolan los valores cardiovasculares mediante toma del pulso por vía carótida. Resultados: Las líneas de tendencia se mantuvieron relativamente estables en el pulso basal (p = 0,897) y el pulso en calentamiento (p = 0,059), y se incrementaron en el pulso principal (p = 0,000) y final (p = 0,000) del entrenamiento. Adicionalmente, se analizan particularidades, según el principio de individualización del entrenamiento deportivo. Conclusiones: El proceso de preparación fue sostenible fisiológicamente, pero no cumplió óptimamente con su objetivo fisiológico de preparar al organismo para la parte principal de la sesión de entrenamiento. En tal sentido, las adaptaciones cardiovasculares al estímulo físico programado no cumplen con los parámetros necesarios para obtener una forma deportiva óptima para un macrociclo compuesto de dos mesociclos y ocho microciclos de preparación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cardiovascular adaptations are determining indicators of sports preparation; their efficient control allows concrete actions that improve bio-adaptive process of the organism, with the prospective design of pedagogical methodologies for physiological optimization and gradual increase of sports performance in volleyball players. Objective: To pedagogically analyze the cardiovascular adaptations of the university champion team of masculine volleyball in 2011. Methods: Transitional/descriptive and explanatory research of a correlational and non-experimental order. The best volleyball players (n = 14) who previously won the national university men‘s volleyball championship in 2011 in Cuba are studied. Eight training units are controlled in their final session during two training mesocycles based on a block model. Cardiovascular values are self-monitored by taking the pulse via the carotid route. Results: The trend lines remained relatively stable in the basal pulse (p = 0.897) and in the warm-up pulse (p = 0.059), and increased in the main pulse (p = 0.000) and final pulse (p = 0.000) of the training. Additionally, particularities are analyzed according to the principle of individualization of sports training. Conclusions: The preparation process was physiologically sustainable, but did not optimally meet its physiological objective of preparing the body for the main part of the training session. In this sense, cardiovascular adaptations to the programmed physical stimulus do not meet the necessary parameters to obtain optimal sports form for a macrocycle composed of two mesocycles and eight microcycles of preparation.

Abstract: Augmented Reality (AR) seamlessly integrates the real environment with virtual objects, enriching users’ information perception. The application of AR in personal and vehicular navigation tasks facilitates the evolution of navigation systems from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) representations, incorporating an egocentric viewpoint. Spatial knowledge, specific navigation objectives, navigational skills, and the navigational symbols plays pivotal roles in map utilization, encompassing self-localization, proximity, navigation, and event awareness. The representation of symbols in navigation tasks relies on static and dynamic or animated visual cartographic variables. In this context, our research focuses on evaluating symbols used for depicting routes and landmarks in AR systems during personal navigation tasks. The experiments investigated the representation of routes, exploring variations in route line thickness, the presence or absence of border-color, fill color, and the speed of arrows moving along the route line. The findings of the study reveal that thinner route lines significantly contribute to enhance perception of surroundings, blue fill color exhibit superior performance compared to traditional navigation system colors, and volunteers noted that the arrow animation speed noticeably affected their perceptions of elements within the scenario. These insights contribute to understanding of how visual variables influence user preferences and experiences in AR-based navigation tasks. Abstract (AR objects users twodimensional two dimensional 2D D (2D threedimensional three 3D (3D representations viewpoint knowledge objectives skills utilization selflocalization, selflocalization self localization, localization self-localization proximity awareness context thickness bordercolor, bordercolor border border-color surroundings colors scenario ARbased based

Resumo: Os objetivos desta análise são 1) identificar os elos na cadeia de valor da rota turística Don Vasco em Michoacán, México, e 2) com base na análise anterior, procede-se à integração da inteligência turística nos elos. O método implementado é a Cadeia de Valor desenvolvida pelo Instituto Humboldt e o Manual de Campo para o Desenho de Estratégias para Aumentar a Competitividade de Cadeias Produtivas com Pequenos Produtores. Dentre os resultados obtidos, constatou-se que os elos que compõem a cadeia turística possuem forte representatividade do setor governamental, dentro do seu desenvolvimento, seguido da necessidade de integrar elementos inteligentes ao longo do percurso em resposta às mudanças do setor. Por fim, nas conclusões pode-se identificar que o planejamento dentro da rota ajuda a dar um correto acompanhamento das estratégias a serem implementadas diante das constantes mudanças no setor diante das inovações nas áreas de ciência e tecnologia, que contribuem para o turismo. Resumo 1 Michoacán México 2 anterior procedese procede se Produtores obtidos constatouse constatou governamental desenvolvimento fim podese pode tecnologia turismo

Abstract: The objectives of this analysis are 1) to identify the links in the value chain of the Don Vasco tourist route in Michoacán, Mexico, and 2) based on the previous analysis, the integration of tourism intelligence in the links continues. The method implemented is the Value Chain developed by the Humboldt Institute and the Field Manual for the Design of Strategies to Increase the Competitiveness of Productive Chains with Small-Scale Producers. Among the results obtained are that the links that make up the tourist chain have a strong representation of the government sector, within its development, followed by the need to integrate intelligent elements along the route in response to changes in the tourism sector. Finally, in the conclusions it can be identified that planning within the route helps to correctly monitor the strategies to be implemented in the face of constant changes in the sector in the face of innovations in areas of science and technology that contribute to tourism. Abstract 1 Michoacán Mexico 2 continues SmallScale Small Scale Producers development Finally

Resumen: Los objetivos de este análisis son 1) identificar los eslabones de la cadena de valor de la ruta turística Don Vasco en Michoacán, México, y 2) con base en el análisis anterior, se procede a integrar la inteligencia turística en los eslabones. El método implementado es la Cadena de Valor desarrollada por el Instituto Humboldt y el Manual de Campo para el Diseño de Estrategias para Incrementar la Competitividad de Cadenas Productivas con Pequeños Productores. Entre los resultados obtenidos, se encontró que los eslabones que conforman la cadena turística tienen una fuerte representación del sector gubernamental, dentro de su desarrollo, seguido de la necesidad de integrar elementos inteligentes a lo largo del camino en respuesta a los cambios del sector. Finalmente, en las conclusiones se puede identificar que la planeación dentro de la ruta ayuda a dar un correcto seguimiento de las estrategias a implementar ante los constantes cambios del sector frente a las innovaciones en las áreas de ciencia y tecnología, que contribuyen al turismo. Resumen 1 Michoacán México 2 anterior Productores obtenidos gubernamental desarrollo Finalmente tecnología turismo

ASR (alkali-silica reaction) has long been acknowledged as a key consideration when designing concrete structures in South Africa. This study raises awareness of the influence of ASR on the structural behaviour of reinforced concrete bridge structures. Aggregate type plays a role in how the ASR develops over the structural life cycle. Greywacke aggregate is found to be prominent in ASR-affected structures within the Western Cape region, and in the structure that was investigated. ASR decreases concrete tensile strength, compressive strength, and E-modulus over time. To develop a standardised approach that can be replicated on other bridge structures, a simply supported rectangular reinforced concrete bridge deck slab was analysed. The slab was modelled according to the construction drawings, including the reinforcement detailing, to determine the ultimate shear and moment resistance according to the code (BS 1972) used for the original design, and current Eurocode standards, for both unaffected and ASR-affected concrete. Traffic load was determined from the relevant TMH7 standard, and from weigh-in-motion data collected at a station on the high-traffic-volume route crossing the bridge. Due to compressive strength being the least affected material property by ASR deterioration, the ultimate resistance to original design loads was found to be sufficient.

Resumen: Este artículo de investigación expone el análisis realizado al aeródromo Marambio para la operación de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana en territorio antártico mediante una investigación aplicada. El objetivo es determinar los riesgos operacionales antárticos, específicamente factores de riesgo técnico, a partir del levantamiento geodésico y vuelo aerofotogramétrico con dron, incluyendo la infraestructura del aeródromo y obstáculos, información que cumple los criterios de calidad establecidos en el Manual del Sistema Geodésico Mundial 1984 - WGS-84 (OACI, 2002, Documento 9674). Con la información obtenida, se generaron los siguientes productos: modelo 3D, ortofoto, plano de aeródromo y procedimientos de vuelo por instrumentos, conformados por Carta de aproximación por instrumentos (IAC), Llegada normalizada (STAR) y Salida normalizada (SID). Posterior a la generación de los productos aeronáuticos, se realizó el análisis del aeródromo, teniendo en cuenta los criterios publicados por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI) y Aviación Civil Argentina (ANAC) para pistas en entorno antártico, reglamentación que aún no ha sido adoptada en Colombia. Los resultados permiten abordar la gestión de los factores de riesgo técnico a partir de la captura de datos, análisis del aeródromo y generación de cartografía aeronáutica como parte de los servicios de diseño de procedimientos de vuelo por instrumentos, resaltando la importancia de garantizar la integridad de la información en todo momento, al ser transversal a todos los procesos evaluados.

Abstract: This research article presents the analysis carried out on Marambio Aerodrome for the operation of the Colombian Air Force in Antarctic territory through applied research. The objective is to determine Antarctic operational risks, specifically technical risk factors, based on geodetic survey and aerial photogrammetric drone flights, including aerodrome infrastructure and obstacles. The information adheres to the quality criteria established in the World Geodetic System Manual 1984 (WGS-84) (ICAO, 2002, Document 9674). The obtained information led to the generation of the following products: a 3D model, orthophoto, aerodrome plan, and flight instrument procedures, including the Instrument Approach Chart (IAC), Standard Terminal Arrival Route (STAR), and Standard Instrument Departure (SID). After generating these aeronautical products, the aerodrome analysis was conducted, considering criteria published by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the Argentine Civil Aviation Authority (ANAC) for runways in the Antarctic environment, regulations that have not yet been adopted in Colombia. The results allow addressing the management of technical risk factors through data capture, aerodrome analysis, and aeronautical cartography generation as part of the instrument flight procedure design services. Emphasizing the importance of ensuring information integrity at all times, as it is integral to all evaluated processes.

Resumo: Este artigo de pesquisa expõe a análise realizada no aeródromo Marambio para a operação da Força Aérea Colombiana em território antártico por meio de uma pesquisa aplicada. O objetivo é determinar os riscos operacionais antárticos, especificamente os fatores de risco técnico, a partir do levantamento geodésico e voo aerofotogramétrico com drone, incluindo a infraestrutura do aeródromo e obstáculos, informações que atendem aos critérios de qualidade estabelecidos no Manual do Sistema Geodésico Mundial 1984 - WGS-84 (OACI, 2002, Documento 9674). Com as informações obtidas, foram gerados os seguintes produtos: modelo 3D, ortofoto, plano do aeródromo e procedimentos de voo por instrumentos, compostos por Carta de Aproximação por Instrumentos (IAC), Chegada Normalizada (STAR) e Saída Normalizada (SID). Após a geração dos produtos aeronáuticos, foi realizada a análise do aeródromo, levando em consideração os critérios publicados pela Organização de Aviação Civil Internacional (OACI) e Aviação Civil Argentina (ANAC) para pistas em ambiente antártico, regulamentação que ainda não foi adotada na Colômbia. Os resultados permitem abordar a gestão dos fatores de risco técnico a partir da captura de dados, análise do aeródromo e geração de cartografia aeronáutica como parte dos serviços de design de procedimentos de voo por instrumentos, ressaltando a importância de garantir a integridade das informações em todos os momentos, sendo transversal a todos os processos avaliados.

Resumen En este trabajo, se planteó como objeto de estudio la determinación de las propiedades mecánicas y fotocatalíticas del asfalto modificado con dióxido de titanio mediante los ensayos Marshall y degradación de rodamina B. La metodología se adaptó a la investigación de tipo aplicada, diseño experimental y enfoque cuantitativo. La población de estudio incluyó veinticuatro especímenes en total: seis muestras patrón, seis muestras con 2 % de dióxido de titanio, seis con 4 % de dióxido de titanio y seis con 8 % de dióxido de titanio. Se llegó a la conclusión de que el dióxido de titanio es un buen aditivo para mejorar las propiedades mecánicas. La adición de 2 % brinda los mejores resultados con una estabilidad adecuada para permitir la durabilidad del asfalto, con un flujo de 3.85 mm dentro de los 4 mm. establecidos por la norma, un porcentaje de vacíos 3.49 % para una mezcla más impermeable con los vacíos suficientes para evitar la exudación y vacíos de agregado mineral de 14.74 % suficientes para envolver de manera óptima el agregado mineral.

Abstract In this work, the determination of the mechanical and photocatalytic properties of asphalt modified with titanium dioxide through the Marshall tests and rhodamine B degradation was proposed as an object of study. The methodology was adapted to applied research, experimental design and focus quantitative. The study population included twenty-four specimens in total: six standard samples, six samples with 2 % titanium dioxide, six with 4 % titanium dioxide, and six with 8 % titanium dioxide. It was concluded that titanium dioxide is a good additive to improve mechanical properties. The addition of 2 % provides better results with adequate stability to allow the durability of the asphalt, with a flow of 3.85 mm within the 4 mm established by the standard, percentage of voids of 3.49 % for a more impermeable mixture with sufficient voids to prevent exudation and mineral aggregate voids of 14.74 % sufficient to optimally envelop the mineral aggregate.

Resumo A Rota de Integração Latino-Americana – RILA, também conhecida como Rota Bioceânica ou Corredor Bioceânico, consiste em um projeto de integração rodoviária entre Brasil, Paraguai, Argentina e Chile. Pretende-se, por meio dessa iniciativa, estabelecer uma via direta de trânsito entre os portos brasileiros no Atlântico e os portos chilenos no Pacífico, reduzindo-se a distância e o tempo de transporte e, consequentemente, os custos logísticos. Além do seu caráter estratégico do ponto de vista comercial, a conclusão das obras do Corredor carrega a esperança de viabilização do desenvolvimento das regiões, bem como da integração cultural, social, linguística, política, jurídica e ambiental dos países latino-americanos. Frente a esse emergente cenário transformador, reconheceu-se a necessidade de concepção de um Observatório, no intento de produzir e disseminar dados e informações que permitam o monitoramento e avaliação dos diversos processos circundantes à Rota. Portanto, o presente artigo objetiva contextualizar e apresentar o Observatório Interdisciplinar UniRILA- OBSUNIRILA, por meio de aportes teóricos advindos de artigos e livros publicados, assim como publicações jornalísticas, vídeos e lives acerca da temática. Trata-se, assim, de pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, levada a termo através de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental. Como resultados, apresentam-se as correntes ações do OBSUNIRILA e seus planos e projetos vindouros, com o fito de colaborar para a compreensão das especificidades experimentadas ao longo da Rota Bioceânica, assim como figurar como um espaço aberto e democrático apto à construção do pensamento crítico e de soluções inovadoras. LatinoAmericana Latino Americana RILA Bioceânico Brasil Paraguai Chile Pretendese, Pretendese Pretende se, se Pretende-se iniciativa Pacífico reduzindose reduzindo consequentemente logísticos comercial regiões cultural social linguística política latinoamericanos. latinoamericanos latino americanos. americanos latino-americanos transformador reconheceuse reconheceu Portanto UniRILA publicados jornalísticas temática Tratase, Tratase Trata Trata-se qualitativa documental resultados apresentamse apresentam vindouros inovadoras

Abstract The Latin American Integration Route – RILA, also known as the Bioceanic Route or Bioceanic Corridor, consists of a road integration project between Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Chile. The intention, through this initiative, is to establish a direct route of transit between the Brazilian ports on the Atlantic and the Chilean ports on the Pacific, reducing the distance and time of transport and, consequently, the logistical costs. In addition to its strategic character from a commercial point of view, the completion of the Corridor works carries the hope of making the development of the regions viable, as well as the cultural, social, linguistic, political, legal and environmental integration of Latin American countries. Faced with this emerging transformative scenario, the need to design an Observatory was recognized, with the intention of producing and disseminating data and information that would allow for the monitoring and evaluation of the various processes surrounding the Route. Therefore, this article aims to contextualize and present the UniRILA Interdisciplinary Observatory- OBSUNIRILA, through theoretical contributions from published articles and books, as well as journalistic publications, videos and lives on the subject. It is, therefore, an exploratory research with a qualitative approach, carried out through a bibliographic review and document analysis. As a result, the current actions of OBSUNIRILA and its future plans and projects are presented, with the aim of collaborating for the understanding of the specificities experienced along the Bioceanic Route, as well as appearing as an open and democratic space capable of building critical thinking and innovative solutions. RILA Brazil Paraguay Chile initiative Pacific consequently costs view viable cultural social linguistic political countries scenario recognized Therefore books publications subject therefore approach analysis result presented solutions

Resumen La Ruta de la Integración Latinoamericana – RILA, también conocida como Ruta Bioceánica o Corredor Bioceánico, consiste en un proyecto de integración vial entre Brasil, Paraguay, Argentina y Chile. La intención, a través de esta iniciativa, es establecer una ruta directa de tránsito entre los puertos brasileños en el Atlántico y los puertos chilenos en el Pacífico, reduciendo la distancia y el tiempo de transporte y, consecuentemente, los costos logísticos. Además de su carácter estratégico desde el punto de vista comercial, la culminación de las obras del Corredor conlleva la esperanza de viabilizar el desarrollo de las regiones, así como la integración cultural, social, lingüística, política, jurídica y ambiental de los países latinoamericanos. Ante este escenario transformador emergente, se reconoció la necesidad de diseñar un Observatorio, con la intención de producir y difundir datos y información que permiten monitorear y evaluar los diversos procesos que rodean a la Ruta. Por lo tanto, este artículo tiene como objetivo contextualizar y presentar el Observatorio Interdisciplinario UniRILA - OBSUNIRILA, a través de aportes teóricos de artículos y libros publicados, así como publicaciones periodísticas, videos y lives sobre el tema. Se trata, por tanto, de una investigación exploratoria con enfoque cualitativo, realizada a través de revisión bibliográfica y análisis documental. Como resultado, se presentan las acciones actuales de OBSUNIRILA y sus planes y proyectos futuros, con el propósito de colaborar para la comprensión de las especificidades vividas a lo largo de la Ruta Bioceánica, además de figurar como un espacio abierto y democrático capaz de construir el pensamiento crítico y soluciones innovadoras. RILA Bioceánico Brasil Paraguay Chile iniciativa Pacífico consecuentemente logísticos comercial regiones cultural social lingüística política latinoamericanos emergente tanto publicados periodísticas tema trata cualitativo documental resultado futuros innovadoras

Resumen Los grandes proyectos de infraestructuras suelen presentarse y justificarse como estrategias de desarrollo. Sin embargo, muchos de los resultados experimentados directamente por los afectados por estos proyectos en su vida cotidiana difieren de los objetivos previamente definidos. Partiendo de la idea de desarrollo como un proceso consistente, deseado y promovido de transformaciones sociales y económicas hacia el progreso y la modernidad, buscamos identificar, a partir de las noticias sobre la Ruta de Integración Latinoamericana (RILA), los significados e ideas expresadas sobre el desarrollo vinculadas al proyecto e implementación de la Ruta Bioceánica. Este trabajo, por lo tanto, se propone reflexionar sobre los aspectos discursivos implícitos en el proyecto RILA y su implementación a partir del análisis de cuarenta y nueve noticias publicadas en el portal g1 sobre su implementación entre el 23/08/2017 y el 04/06/2023. El análisis permite inferir que el RILA no es tratado como un proyecto de desarrollo nacional más amplio por el gobierno brasileño que involucra, además de aspectos diplomáticos, productivos y de infraestructura, también aspectos sociales, culturales, ambientales y legales mientras que los agentes económicos interesados en la realización del proyecto actúan directamente en el proyecto y diseño de prácticas y estrategias a ser adoptadas para promover el desarrollo. embargo definidos consistente modernidad identificar RILA, , (RILA) Bioceánica trabajo tanto g 23082017 23 08 2017 23/08/201 04062023 04 06 2023 04/06/2023 involucra diplomáticos infraestructura culturales (RILA 2308201 2 0 201 23/08/20 0406202 202 04/06/202 230820 20 23/08/2 040620 04/06/20 23082 23/08/ 04062 04/06/2 2308 23/08 0406 04/06/ 230 23/0 040 04/06 23/ 04/0 04/

Abstract Large infrastructure projects are often presented and justified as strategies for development. However, many of the results experienced directly by those affected by these projects in their daily lives are different from the previously defined objectives. Starting from the idea of development as a consistent, desired and promoted process of social and economic transformations towards progress and modernity, we seek to identify, from the news about the Latin American Integration Route (RILA), the meanings and ideas expressed about development linked to the project and implementation of the Bioceanic Route. This work, therefore, aims to reflect on the discursive aspects implicit in the RILA project and its implementation based on the analysis of forty-nine reports published on the G1 portal about its implementation between 08/23/2017 and 06/04/2023. The analysis allows us to infer that RILA is not treated as a broader national development project by the Brazilian government that involves, in addition to diplomatic, productive and infrastructure aspects, also social, cultural, environmental and legal aspects while economic agents interested in the realization of the project act directly in the project and design of practices and strategies to be adopted to promote development. However objectives consistent modernity identify RILA, , (RILA) work therefore fortynine forty nine G 08232017 08 23 2017 08/23/201 06042023 06 04 2023 06/04/2023 involves diplomatic cultural (RILA 0823201 0 2 201 08/23/20 0604202 202 06/04/202 082320 20 08/23/2 060420 06/04/20 08232 08/23/ 06042 06/04/2 0823 08/23 0604 06/04/ 082 08/2 060 06/04 08/ 06/0 06/

Resumo Grandes projetos de infraestrutura são frequentemente apresentados e justificados como estratégias para o desenvolvimento. Entretanto, muitos dos resultados experienciados diretamente pelos afetados por estes projetos em seus cotidianos são diferentes dos objetivos previamente definidos. Partindo da ideia de desenvolvimento como um processo consistente, desejado e promovido de transformações sociais e econômicas em direção a ao progresso e à modernidade, buscamos identificar, a partir do noticiário sobre a Rota de Integração Latino Americana (RILA), os significados e ideias expressos sobre o desenvolvimento vinculados ao projeto e implantação da Rota Bioceânica. Este trabalho, portanto, tem como objetivo refletir sobre os aspectos discursivos implícitos ao projeto da RILA e a sua implantação a partir da análise de quarenta e nove reportagens veiculadas no portal G1 sobre a sua implementação publicados no período entre 23/08/2017 e 04/06/2023. A análise permite inferir que a RILA não é tratada como um projeto nacional de desenvolvimento mais amplo pelo governo Brasileiro que envolve além dos aspectos diplomáticos, produtivos e de infraestrutura também aspectos sociais, culturais, ambientais e legais enquanto agentes econômicos interessados na concretização do projeto atuam diretamente no projeto e desenho das práticas e estratégias a serem adotadas para promover o desenvolvimento. Entretanto definidos consistente modernidade identificar RILA, , (RILA) Bioceânica trabalho portanto G 23082017 23 08 2017 23/08/201 04062023 04 06 2023 04/06/2023 diplomáticos culturais (RILA 2308201 2 0 201 23/08/20 0406202 202 04/06/202 230820 20 23/08/2 040620 04/06/20 23082 23/08/ 04062 04/06/2 2308 23/08 0406 04/06/ 230 23/0 040 04/06 23/ 04/0 04/

This work describes the route to prepare a novel core-shell catalyst based on 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO) supported magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The morphology and composition of the obtained catalysts were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), quantum design vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These nanomaterials presented high performance as a basic catalyst for Knoevenagel condensation between malononitrile and aldehydes, leading to products with excellent yields (84-99%) and short reaction times (5-60 min). Furthermore, it was also efficient in the condensation of isatins with 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide, resulting in isatin-β-thiosemicarbazones with high yields (81-94%) and short times (60-180 min). It is worth mentioning that the catalyst was recovered and reused in these two kinds of reactions after six cycles without significant yield loss. coreshell core shell 1,4diazabicyclo2,2,2octane 14diazabicyclo222octane diazabicyclooctane 1,4 diazabicyclo 2,2,2 octane 1 4 2 DABCO (DABCO MNPs. MNPs . (MNPs) Fouriertransform Fourier transform FTIR (FTIR spectroscopy TGA, TGA , (TGA) Xray X ray XRD, XRD (XRD) TEM, TEM (TEM) VSM (VSM SEM. SEM (SEM) aldehydes 8499% 8499 84 99% 99 (84-99% 560 5 60 (5-6 min. min min) Furthermore 4phenylthiosemicarbazide, 4phenylthiosemicarbazide phenylthiosemicarbazide phenylthiosemicarbazide, 4-phenylthiosemicarbazide isatinβthiosemicarbazones isatin β thiosemicarbazones 8194% 8194 81 94% 94 (81-94% 60180 180 (60-18 loss 4diazabicyclo2 2octane 14 1, 222 2,2, (MNPs (TGA (XRD (TEM (SEM 849 8 9 (84-99 56 6 (5- 819 (81-94 6018 18 (60-1 4diazabicyclo 22 2,2 (84-9 (5 (81-9 601 (60- 2, (84- ( (81- (60 (84 (81 (6 (8

RESUMEN Los caminos tienen gran relevancia para la sociedad, a través de ellos transitan recursos y modos culturales de coexistir y distinguir el entorno. El itinerario utilizado por la Columna 8 “Ciro Redondo” sugerido por el Dr. Antonio Núñez Jiménez en la localidad de La Vallita, para hacer llegar la tropa a Santa Clara, constituye suceso poco atendido desde el punto de vista historiográfico. El trabajo tuvo por objetivo ejecutar un análisis geohistórico del recorrido utilizado entre La Vallita y la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas. Se emplearon métodos de recopilación de la información y de procesamiento de la información recopilada; como diseño de investigación se adoptó la sistematización. El estudio geohistórico evidenció la insuficiente información bibliográfica y cartográfica respecto a la ruta, además de contradicciones relacionadas con la exactitud del recorrido. Entre los resultados alcanzados están, la elaboración de un mapa digital, se introducen precisiones metodológicas para ejecutar estudios geohistóricos en escenarios semejantes y se describen las principales variaciones en el espacio geográfico de la zona que pueden incidir en la comprensión de la verdad histórica. La investigación tributó al rescate de la identidad geohistórica y aporta referencias metodológicas que pueden ser generalizables.

ABSTRACT The roads have great relevance for the society, through them resources and cultural ways of coexisting and distinguishing the environment pass. The itinerary used by Column 8 "Ciro Redondo" suggested by Dr. Antonio Núñez Jiménez in the locality of La Vallita, to take the troops to Santa Clara, is an event that has not been much studied from the historiographic point of view. The objective of this work was to carry out a geohistorical analysis of the route used between La Vallita and the Central University "Marta Abreu" of Las Villas. Methods of information collection and processing of the collected information were used; systematization was adopted as research design. The geohistorical study evidenced the insufficient bibliographic and cartographic information regarding the route, in addition to contradictions related to the accuracy of the route. Among the results achieved are the elaboration of a digital map, the introduction of methodological precisions to carry out geohistorical studies in similar scenarios and the description of the main variations in the geographical space of the area that may have an impact on the understanding of the historical truth. The research contributed to the rescue of the geohistorical identity and provides methodological references that can be generalized.