Resumen Introducción. La angiostrongiliasis abdominal y neura -causadas por Angiostrongylus costaricensis y A. cantonensis, respectivamente- son zoonosis que involucran caracoles como huéspedes intermediarios. Colombia ya ha reportado casos en humanos y la ampliación de la distribución de Lissachatina fulica y Cornu aspersum aumenta la preocupación en salud pública debido al riesgo potencial de transmisión en áreas donde los parásitos y sus huéspedes coexisten. Objetivo. Identificar la presencia de Angiostrongylus spp. en caracoles de las especies L. fulica y C. aspersum en Antioquia (Colombia). Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal prospectivo con una población de 5.855 caracoles de L. fulica o C. aspersum, capturados en diez ciudades del valle de Aburrá; 169 muestras fueron recolectadas en 28 puntos de muestreo. Se disecaron los tejidos pulmonares de los caracoles y se emplearon técnicas moleculares para detectar la presencia de Angiostrongylus spp. Resultados. Angiostrongylus costaricensis fue detectado en 18 muestras agrupadas (30 %; IC95%: 19,2-43,3), tanto en L. fulica como en C. aspersum. Medellín fue el municipio con el mayor número de muestras positivas (33,3 %). El 72,2 % de los lugares positivos reportaron la presencia de roedores. Ninguna de las pruebas fue positiva para A. cantonensis. Conclusión. Estos hallazgos brindan información importante sobre la distribución de Angiostrongylus spp. en Antioquia (Colombia). La identificación de estos nemátodos en L. fulica y C. aspersum resalta el papel potencial de estos caracoles como huéspedes intermediarios en la transmisión de infecciones por Angiostrongylus en el valle de Aburrá, con implicaciones para la salud humana y veterinaria.

Abstract Introduction. Abdominal and neural angiostrongyliasis caused by Angiostrongylus costaricensis and A. cantonensis, respectively, are zoonotic diseases involving snails as intermediate hosts. Colombia has already reported human cases, and the increasing distribution of Lissachatina fulica and Cornu aspersum raises public health concerns due to the potential risk of disease transmission in areas where parasites and hosts coexist. Objective. To identify the presence of Angiostrongylus spp. in snail species L. fulica and C. aspersum in Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods. This prospective cross-sectional study had a population of 5,855 L. fulica and C. aspersum snails captured in the ten towns of the Valle de Aburrá (Antioquia, Colombia), 169 samples were collected in 28 sampling points. Lung tissues of the collected snails were dissected and analyzed to detect Angiostrongylus spp. through molecular techniques. Results. Angiostrongylus spp. were identified in both L. fulica and C. aspersum. Angiostrongylus costaricensis was detected in 18 pooled prevalence of 30% (95% CI = 19.2-43.3), and Medellín was the municipality with the highest number of positive samples (33.3%). Seventy-two-point-two percent of the positive places reported the presence of rodents. None of the tests were positive for A. cantonensis. Conclusion. Our findings provide important insights into the epidemiology and distribution of Angiostrongylus spp. in Antioquia, Colombia. The identification of these parasitic nematodes in L. fulica and C. aspersum highlights the potential role of these snails as intermediate hosts in the transmission of Angiostrongylus spp. infections in the Valle de Aburrá, with implications for human and veterinary health.

Resumen Se presentan los resultados del análisis de los restos faunísticos recuperados en el sitio arqueológico Los Conitos (valle de Potrerillos, Mendoza, Argentina). El sitio posee dataciones absolutas que definen las ocupaciones en un rango cronológico entre los ca. 796-3694 años AP (cal 2σ). Se recuperaron evidencias de macro restos de plantas domésticas, registro imprescindible para evaluar las prácticas agrícolas prehispánicas en el centro occidente argentino. El análisis tafonómico realizado en el presente estudio permitió identificar a humanos y depredadores no antrópicos (probablemente pequeños carnívoros) como los agentes responsables de dichas acumulaciones. En cuanto a las evidencias antrópicas, se detectaron huellas de corte sobre huesos de Lama guanicoe. Se registraron especímenes asignables al roedor octodóntido extinto Octomys rosiae. Los mamíferos fueron el grupo más frecuente, dominado por roedores, aunque se detectaron armadillos, marsupiales y lepóridos en baja proporción. También se recuperaron escasos elementos asignados a reptiles y aves. Se observó una considerable cantidad de elementos modificados por digestión. También se identificaron perforaciones por carnívoros. El ensamble zooarqueológico evidencia la co-ocurrencia de especies con distribuciones actualmente alopátricas.

Abstract In this paper, the results of the analyses of bone remains recovered in the Los Conitos archaeological site (Potrerillos Valley, Mendoza, Argentina) are presented. The site covers a chronological range of c. 796-3694 years BP (cal 2σ). Numerous domestic plant macro remains were recovered at the site, the record of which is an important source for evaluating pre-Hispanic farming strategies in central-western Argentina. Taphonomic analysis enabled the identification of human and non-anthropic predators (probably small carnivores) as the responsible agents of such accumulations. Regarding anthropic evidence, only two cut marks were detected on two bones of Lama guanicoe. Bone specimens of the extinct octodontid rodent Octomys rosiae were recovered. Mammals were the most represented taxonomic group, dominated by rodents; although armadillos, marsupials and leporids were detected in low proportion. Bone remains of birds and reptiles were scarce. We observed a considerable number of specimens that were modified by digestion, with strong degrees of modification. Punctures associated with carnivore activity were also recorded. The zooarchaeological assemblage shows the co-occurrence of species with current allopatric distributions.

Resumo Os roedores podem causar danos significativos às culturas de trigo e amendoim nos países em desenvolvimento, bem como aos produtos armazenados e infraestrutura, afetando a segurança alimentar e a renda dos pequenos agricultores. O trigo (Triticum aestivum) e o amendoim (Arachis hypogea) são culturas comerciais importantes para os agricultores locais no Paquistão. Experimentos de campo foram realizados para avaliar a extensão dos danos de roedores às culturas de trigo e amendoim ao longo de seus estágios de crescimento (ou seja, germinação, floração/formação e maturidade) nas zonas agroecológicas de Pothwar Plateau, Paquistão. Usamos um método de quadrat para registrar o número de plantas de cultura danificadas. Com base nos dados de armadilhagem foram capturadas quatro espécies de roedores de sistemas de cultivo de trigo-amendoim que foram responsáveis por causar danos, ou seja, o rato-bandico-pequeno (Bandicota bengalensis) foi a espécie principal, seguido pelo rato-toupeira-de-cauda-curta (Nesokia indica), o gerbilo-da-índia (Tatera indica) e o rato-do-mato (Golunda ellioti). Em ambas as culturas, o dano máximo foi registrado na maturidade da cultura (10,7 e 14,4%, respectivamente). O menor dano relatado ao trigo e ao amendoim foi no estágio de germinação (3,5% e 6,0%, respectivamente). O menor dano relatado na germinação pode ser devido à disponibilidade de vegetação não cultivada nas bordas do campo, que pode ser um fator potencial que influencia o dano. Nossos resultados mostraram claramente a quantidade considerável de danos causados por roedores ao trigo-amendoim na maturidade em todas as zonas agroecológicas de Pothwar e indicaram que a composição de pequenos mamíferos estava mais relacionada ao estágio de maturidade/estação das culturas quando a disponibilidade de alimentos e as condições climáticas eram favoráveis e com segurança sob abrigo de cultivo. Estudos mais detalhados são necessários para entender completamente a ecologia populacional e reprodutiva das espécies de pragas de roedores relevantes em relação aos padrões de danos para otimizar o manejo, além das medidas estruturais individuais.

Abstract Rodents can cause significant damage to wheat-groundnut crops in developing countries, as well as to stored produce and infrastructure, affecting food security and income of small-holder farmers. Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and groundnuts (Arachis hypogea) are important cash crops for local farmers in Pakistan. Field experiments were performed to assess the extent of rodent damage to wheat-groundnut crops throughout their growth stages (i.e, germination, flowering/peg formation and maturity) in the agro-ecological zones of Pothwar Plateau, Pakistan. We used a quadrat method to record the number of damaged crop plants. On the basis of the trapping data four rodent species were captured from wheat-groundnut cropping systems which were responsible for causing damage, i.e., lesser bandicoot rat (Bandicota bengalensis) was the main species, followed by the short-tailed mole rat (Nesokia indica), the Indian gerbil (Tatera indica) and the bush rat (Golunda ellioti). In both crops, the maximum damage was recorded at crop maturity (10.7 and 14.4%, respectively). The lowest reported damage to wheat and groundnuts was at the germination stage (3.5% and 6.0%, respectively). The lower damage reported at germination could be due to availability of non-crop vegetation at field borders that may be a potential factor influencing damage. Our findings clearly show the considerable amount of damage caused by rodents to wheat-groundnut at maturity across all the agro-ecological zones of Pothwar and indicated that the small mammal composition was more related to maturity stage/season of crops, when the availability of food and climatic condition were favorable and having security under crop shelter. More detailed studies are needed to fully understand the population and breeding ecology of the relevant rodent pest species in relation to damage patterns to optimize management beyond individual structural measures.

ABSTRACT: Rats and mice are the most used experimental models in research. Globally, animal houses are subjected to parasite outbreaks. In Brazil, the parasitological profile is used to reflect the sanitary condition of laboratory animals and must be monitored frequently. The present study developed an integrative review of scientific studies on the parasitological profile of rats and mice in animal facilities in Brazil. It identified the most prevalent parasite species reported in animal facilities from different geographic regions of the country, as well as factors contributing to the perpetuation of these parasites, and proposed measures to help prevent such infections. Based on the guiding question “which endoparasites and ectoparasites have already been identified in rat and mouse colonies in animal facilities in Brazil?” and considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 28 studies published between 1974 and 2021 were selected in four scientific bases. These studies covered facilities in 12 Brazilian States, describing 16 genera of parasites in mice and 18 in rats. Most of the facilities in the selected studies were of the conventional type and with few sanitary barriers, and these conditions may favor the recurrence of parasites. Efforts are, therefore, necessary for institutions to have animal facilities in accordance with the legislation and practice optimal methodologies. The measures proposed in this article can contribute to change the panorama of parasites in the national animal facilities, aiming to safeguard the quality of scientific data and animal welfare. ABSTRACT research Globally outbreaks Brazil frequently country infections which Brazil? criteria 2 197 202 bases 1 States barriers therefore methodologies welfare 19 20

RESUMO: Ratos e camundongos são os modelos experimentais mais utilizados em pesquisa. Globalmente, as instalações de animais estão sujeitas a surtos de parasitas. No Brasil, o perfil parasitológico é utilizado para refletir a condição sanitária dos animais de laboratório e deve ser monitorado frequentemente. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma revisão integrativa de estudos científicos sobre o perfil parasitológico de ratos e camundongos em biotérios no Brasil. A revisão identifica as espécies parasitárias mais prevalentes relatadas em biotérios de diferentes regiões geográficas do país, bem como os fatores que contribuem para a perpetuação desses parasitas, e propõe medidas para ajudar a prevenir tais infecções. Com base na questão norteadora “quais endoparasitas e ectoparasitas já foram identificados em colônias de ratos e camundongos em biotérios no Brasil?” e considerando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 28 estudos publicados entre 1974 e 2021 em quatro bases científicas. Esses estudos abrangeram instalações em 12 estados brasileiros, descrevendo 16 gêneros de parasitas em camundongos e 18 em ratos. A maioria das instalações dos estudos selecionados era do tipo convencional e com poucas barreiras sanitárias, e essas condições podem favorecer a recorrência de parasitas. Portanto, esforços são necessários para que as instituições tenham biotérios de acordo com a legislação e pratiquem metodologias otimizadas. As medidas propostas neste artigo podem contribuir para mudar o panorama das parasitoses nos biotérios nacionais, visando salvaguardar a qualidade dos dados científicos e o bem-estar animal. RESUMO pesquisa Globalmente Brasil frequentemente país infecções quais Brasil? exclusão 2 197 202 científicas 1 brasileiros sanitárias Portanto otimizadas nacionais bemestar estar animal 19 20

ABSTRACT The island of Fernando de Noronha, belonging to the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, has several animal species introduced by man, such as the black rat (Rattus rattus) and the domestic cat (Felis catus), representing a risk to the ecological balance of the island and to the public health. This study aimed to report the occurrence of Strobilocercus fasciolaris in black rats (R. rattus) in this insular environment and to contribute with epidemiological data on this parasitosis. Rodents were captured using Tomahawk traps and sedated with an association of Ketamine Hydrochloride (40mg/kg/IM) and Xylazine Hydrochloride (2mg/kg/IM) for subsequent euthanasia and necroscopic evaluation. Of the 154 captured black rats, 54 (35.06%) had single or multiple cysts in the liver. The cysts were morphologically evaluated and the metacestodes were identified as Strobilocercus fasciolaris, the larval form of Hydatigera taeniformis. This is the first report of the occurrence of Strobilocercus fasciolaris in black rats (Rattus rattus) in an island environment in Brazil. The occurrence of this metacestode in rodents on the Island demonstrates the high environmental contamination, fast reproduction, and dispersion of this parasite, being a potential risk for the conservation of susceptible species and for public health. Noronha Pernambuco Brazil man Rattus rattus Felis catus, catus , catus) health R. R (R parasitosis 40mg/kg/IM 40mgkgIM mgkgIM 40mg kg IM mg (40mg/kg/IM 2mg/kg/IM 2mgkgIM 2mg (2mg/kg/IM evaluation 15 5 35.06% 3506 35 06 (35.06% liver taeniformis contamination reproduction parasite 1 35.06 350 3 0 (35.06 35.0 (35.0 35. (35. (35 (3 (

RESUMO A Ilha de Fernando de Noronha, pertencente ao estado de Pernambuco, Brasil, possui diversas espécies animais introduzidas pelo homem, como o rato-preto (Rattus rattus) e o gato-doméstico (Felis catus), representando um risco ao equilíbrio ecológico da Ilha e à saúde pública. Objetivou-se relatar a ocorrência de Strobilocercus fasciolaris em ratos-pretos (R. rattus) nesse ambiente insular e contribuir com dados epidemiológicos sobre essa parasitose. Os roedores foram capturados utilizando-se armadilhas do tipo Tomahawk, sedados com uma associação de cloridrato de cetamina (40mg/kg/IM) e de cloridrato de xilazina (2mg/kg/IM) para posterior eutanásia e avaliação necroscópica. Dos 154 ratos-pretos capturados, 54 (35,06%) apresentavam cistos únicos ou múltiplos no fígado. Os cistos foram avaliados morfologicamente e os metacestódeos foram identificados como Strobilocercus fasciolaris, forma larval de Hydatigera taeniformis. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de Strobilocercus fasciolaris em ratos-pretos (Rattus rattus) em ambiente insular no Brasil. A ocorrência desse metacestodeo em roedores na Ilha demonstra a alta contaminação ambiental, a rápida reprodução e a dispersão desse parasito, sendo um potencial risco para a conservação das espécies suscetíveis e para a saúde pública. Noronha Pernambuco Brasil homem ratopreto rato preto Rattus rattus gatodoméstico gato doméstico Felis catus, catus , catus) pública Objetivouse Objetivou se ratospretos ratos pretos R. R (R parasitose utilizandose utilizando Tomahawk 40mg/kg/IM 40mgkgIM mgkgIM 40mg kg IM mg (40mg/kg/IM 2mg/kg/IM 2mgkgIM 2mg (2mg/kg/IM necroscópica 15 5 35,06% 3506 35 06 (35,06% fígado taeniformis ambiental parasito 1 35,06 350 3 0 (35,06 35,0 (35,0 35, (35, (35 (3 (

ABSTRACT: Trypanosoma evansi, the hemoflagellate pathogen that causes “surra,” is a protozoan that infects the widest variety of mammals worldwide, primarily horses, camels, dogs, and wild animals. Cases of canine trypanosomiasis caused by T.evansi have been reported in the Brazilian pantonal region. This study determined the prevalence of T.evansi and investigate risk factors. The study used blood samples from dogs in the municipality of Barão de Melgaço in the pantonal of the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The owner was given a structured epidemiological questionnaire containing information about the risk factors. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique was used to detect T.evansi DNA using species-specific oligonucleotides TevF and TevR of the gene encoding a 227-bp portion of the glycoprotein of the variant surface (VSG) T.evansi Rode Trypanozoon (RoTat) 1.2. Two (prevalence of 0.5%) genetic materials of T.evansi were reported in the403 samples. Although, no risk factor was associated with infection (P > 0.05), proximity to vegetation and streams, as well as the presence of tabanids, rodents, and marsupials, which are factors in the occurrence of infection, were observed in positive dogs, implying that the municipality of Barão de Melgaço has epidemiological characteristics that allow canine infection by T.evansi. ABSTRACT evansi surra, surra “surra, worldwide horses camels animals Tevansi T region Grosso Brazil speciesspecific species specific 227bp bp 227 VSG (VSG RoTat (RoTat 12 1 2 1.2 0.5% 05 0 5 the40 Although P 0.05, 005 0.05 , 0.05) streams tabanids rodents marsupials “surra 22 1. 0.5 the4 00 0.0 0.

RESUMO: Trypanosoma evansi, o patógeno hemoflagelado que causa a “surra”, é um protozoário que infecta a mais ampla variedade de mamíferos em todo o mundo, principalmente cavalos, camelos, cães e animais selvagens. Casos de tripanossomíase canina causada por T. evansi têm sido relatados na região pantaneira brasileira. Este estudo tem como objetivo determinar a prevalência de T. evansi e investigar fatores de risco. O estudo utilizou amostras de sangue de cães do município de Barão de Melgaço, no pantanal do estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. O proprietário recebeu um questionário epidemiológico estruturado contendo informações sobre os fatores de risco. A técnica quantitativa de reação em cadeia da polimerase foi utilizada para detectar DNA de T. evansi utilizando oligonucleotídeos específicos da espécie TevF e TevR do gene que codifica uma porção de 227 pb da glicoproteína da superfície variante (VSG) T. evansi Rode Trypanozoon (RoTat) 1.2. Dois (prevalência de 0,5%) materiais genéticos de T. evansi foram encontrados nas 403 amostras. Embora nenhum fator de risco tenha sido associado à infecção (P > 0,05), a proximidade de vegetação e riachos, bem como a presença de tabanídeos, roedores e marsupiais, fatores na ocorrência de infecção, foram observadas em cães positivos, implicando que o município de Barão de Melgaço apresenta características epidemiológicas que permitem a infecção canina por T. evansi. RESUMO surra, surra , “surra” mundo cavalos camelos selvagens T brasileira Grosso Brasil 22 VSG (VSG RoTat (RoTat 12 1 2 1.2 0,5% 05 0 5 40 P 0,05, 005 0,05 0,05) riachos tabanídeos marsupiais positivos “surra 1. 0,5 4 00 0,0 0,

Abstract Background Obesity is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and is a serious public health problem. In animal models, high-fat diet (HFD) feeding impairs cardiac structure and function and promotes oxidative stress and apoptosis. Resistance exercise training (RT), however, has been recommended as coadjutant in the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, because it increases energy expenditure and stimulates lipolysis. Objective In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the benefits of RT on the heart of rats and mice fed HFD. Methods Original studies were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases from December 2007 to December 2022. This study was conducted in accordance with the criteria established by PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022369217). The risk of bias and methodological quality was evaluated by SYRCLE and CAMARADES, respectively. Eligible studies included original articles published in English that evaluated cardiac outcomes in rodents submitted to over 4 weeks of RT and controlled by a sedentary, HFD-fed control group (n = 5). Results The results showed that RT mitigates cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. It also modifies the activity of structural remodeling markers, although it does not alter biometric parameters, histomorphometric parameters, or the contractile function of cardiomyocytes. Conclusion Our results indicate that RT partially counteracts the HFD-induced adverse cardiac remodeling by increasing the activity of structural remodeling markers; elevating mitochondrial biogenesis; reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and endoplasmic reticulum stress; and improving hemodynamic, anthropometric, and metabolic parameters. problem models highfat high fat HFD (HFD apoptosis RT, , (RT) however obesity lipolysis review PubMed Scopus 200 2022 CRD42022369217. CRD42022369217 CRD . (CRD42022369217) CAMARADES respectively sedentary HFDfed n 5. 5 5) inflammation markers parameters cardiomyocytes HFDinduced induced biogenesis hemodynamic anthropometric (RT 20 202 CRD4202236921 (CRD42022369217 2 CRD420223692 (CRD4202236921 CRD42022369 (CRD420223692 CRD4202236 (CRD42022369 CRD420223 (CRD4202236 CRD42022 (CRD420223 CRD4202 (CRD42022 CRD420 (CRD4202 CRD42 (CRD420 CRD4 (CRD42 (CRD4 (CRD

Resumo Fundamento A obesidade está associada ao desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e constitui um grave problema de saúde pública. Em modelos animais, a alimentação com uma dieta hiperlipídica (DH) compromete a estrutura e a função cardíaca e promove estresse oxidativo e apoptose. O treinamento resistido (TR), entretanto, tem sido recomendado como coadjuvante no tratamento de doenças cardiometabólicas, incluindo a obesidade, porque aumenta o gasto energético e estimula a lipólise. Objetivo Na presente revisão sistemática, nosso objetivo foi avaliar os benefícios do TR no coração de ratos e camundongos alimentados com DH. Métodos Foram identificados estudos originais por meio de busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Embase de dezembro de 2007 a dezembro de 2022. O presente estudo foi conduzido de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pelo PRISMA e registrado no PROSPERO (CRD42022369217). O risco de viés e a qualidade metodológica foram avaliados pelo SYRCLE e CAMARADES, respectivamente. Os estudos elegíveis incluíram artigos originais publicados em inglês que avaliaram desfechos cardíacos em roedores submetidos a mais de 4 semanas de TR e controlados por um grupo controle sedentário alimentado com DH (n = 5). Resultados Os resultados mostraram que o TR atenua o estresse oxidativo cardíaco, a inflamação e o estresse do retículo endoplasmático. Também modifica a atividade de marcadores de remodelamento estrutural, apesar de não alterar parâmetros biométricos, parâmetros histomorfométricos ou a função contrátil dos cardiomiócitos. Conclusão Nossos resultados indicam que o TR parcialmente neutraliza o remodelamento cardíaco adverso induzido pela DH, aumentando a atividade dos marcadores de remodelamento estrutural; elevando a biogênese mitocondrial; reduzindo o estresse oxidativo, marcadores inflamatórios e estresse do retículo endoplasmático; e melhorando os parâmetros hemodinâmicos, antropométricos e metabólicos. pública animais (DH apoptose TR, , (TR) entretanto cardiometabólicas lipólise sistemática PubMed 200 2022 CRD42022369217. CRD42022369217 CRD . (CRD42022369217) CAMARADES respectivamente n 5. 5 5) endoplasmático estrutural biométricos cardiomiócitos mitocondrial hemodinâmicos metabólicos (TR 20 202 CRD4202236921 (CRD42022369217 2 CRD420223692 (CRD4202236921 CRD42022369 (CRD420223692 CRD4202236 (CRD42022369 CRD420223 (CRD4202236 CRD42022 (CRD420223 CRD4202 (CRD42022 CRD420 (CRD4202 CRD42 (CRD420 CRD4 (CRD42 (CRD4 (CRD

ABSTRACT During screening laboratory mice (Mus musculus) at the Zoology Department of the College of Science, King Saud University, some tiny oxyurid nematodes were detected from the large intestine of these rodents. Worms were identified using morphological and morphometric description. Furthermore, DNA was extracted from worms and subjected to polymerase chain reaction to amplify 18S rDNA and ITS (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) regions. Worms detected from caecum and colon of mice were detected in 80% of mice investigated. Morphologically, worms showed elongated body with tapered anterior end and narrow posterior part with cuticular annulations. Male worms measured 0.71-1.12 (0.90) long and 0.01-0.12 (0.11) wide. Female worms measured 3.12-5.011 (4.30) long and 0.13-0.29 (0.17) wide. Esophagus followed by intestine which opens at the posterior end via anal opening in females and via cloacal opening in males. Males have a single spicule with a gubernaculum and an accessory hook. Females’ uteri were pack with eggs. Data from 18S rDNA revealed a sequence which was identical to Syphacia obvelata in NCBI GenBank. Similarly, sequences from ITS regions grouped with sequences from S. obvelata confirming the morphological identity of the worm. However, it showed 3 mutations at the ITS2 region from related sequences from S. obvelata at NCBI GenBank. Mus musculus Science University rodents description Furthermore S ITS1, ITS1 (ITS1 58S 5 8S 80 investigated Morphologically annulations 0.711.12 071112 0.71 1.12 0 71 1 12 0.71-1.1 0.90 090 90 (0.90 0.010.12 001012 0.01 0.12 01 0.01-0.1 0.11 011 11 (0.11 wide 3.125.011 3125011 3.12 5.011 3.12-5.01 4.30 430 4 30 (4.30 0.130.29 013029 0.13 0.29 13 29 0.13-0.2 0.17 017 17 (0.17 males hook Females eggs GenBank Similarly worm However (ITS 8 711 0.711.1 07111 071 0.7 112 1.1 7 0.71-1. 0.9 09 9 (0.9 010 0.010.1 00101 001 0.0 012 0.1 0.01-0. (0.1 125 3.125.01 312501 312 3.1 5011 5.01 3.12-5.0 4.3 43 (4.3 130 0.130.2 01302 013 029 0.2 2 0.13-0. 0.711. 0711 07 0. 1. 0.71-1 (0. 0.010. 0010 00 0.01-0 3.125.0 31250 31 3. 501 5.0 3.12-5. 4. (4. 0.130. 0130 02 0.13-0 0.711 0.71- (0 0.010 0.01- 3.125. 3125 50 5. 3.12-5 (4 0.130 0.13- ( 3.125 3.12-

RESUMO Durante a triagem de camundongos de laboratório (Mus musculus) no Departamento de Zoologia da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade King Saud, alguns minúsculos nematoides oxiurídeos foram detectados no intestino grosso desses roedores. Os vermes foram identificados por meio de descrição morfológica e morfométrica. Além disso, o DNA foi extraído dos vermes e submetido à reação em cadeia da polimerase para amplificar as regiões 18S rDNA e ITS (ITS1, 5.8S e ITS2). Os vermes detectados no ceco e no cólon dos camundongos foram detectados em 80% dos camundongos investigados. Morfologicamente, os vermes apresentaram corpo alongado com extremidade anterior afilada e parte posterior estreita com anulações cuticulares. Os vermes machos mediam 0,71-1,12 (0,90) de comprimento e 0,01-0,12 (0,11) de largura. As fêmeas mediram 3,12-5,011 (4,30) de comprimento e 0,13-0,29 (0,17) de largura. O esôfago é seguido pelo intestino, que se abre na extremidade posterior por uma abertura anal nas fêmeas e por uma abertura cloacal nos machos. Os machos têm uma única espícula com um gubernáculo e um gancho acessório. Os úteros das fêmeas estavam repletos de ovos. Os dados do rDNA 18S revelaram uma sequência idêntica à Syphacia obvelata no NCBI GenBank. Da mesma forma, as sequências das regiões ITS foram agrupadas com as sequências de S. obvelata, confirmando a identidade morfológica do verme. No entanto, ele apresentou 3 mutações na região ITS2 em relação às sequências relacionadas de S. obvelata no NCBI GenBank. Mus musculus Saud roedores morfométrica disso S ITS1, ITS1 (ITS1 58S 5 8S ITS2. . ITS2) 80 investigados Morfologicamente cuticulares 0,711,12 071112 0,71 1,12 0 71 1 12 0,71-1,1 0,90 090 90 (0,90 0,010,12 001012 0,01 0,12 01 0,01-0,1 0,11 011 11 (0,11 largura 3,125,011 3125011 3,12 5,011 3,12-5,01 4,30 430 4 30 (4,30 0,130,29 013029 0,13 0,29 13 29 0,13-0,2 0,17 017 17 (0,17 acessório ovos GenBank forma verme entanto (ITS 8 711 0,711,1 07111 071 0,7 112 1,1 7 0,71-1, 0,9 09 9 (0,9 010 0,010,1 00101 001 0,0 012 0,1 0,01-0, (0,1 125 3,125,01 312501 312 3,1 5011 5,01 3,12-5,0 4,3 43 (4,3 130 0,130,2 01302 013 029 0,2 2 0,13-0, 0,711, 0711 07 0, 1, 0,71-1 (0, 0,010, 0010 00 0,01-0 3,125,0 31250 31 3, 501 5,0 3,12-5, 4, (4, 0,130, 0130 02 0,13-0 0,711 0,71- (0 0,010 0,01- 3,125, 3125 50 5, 3,12-5 (4 0,130 0,13- ( 3,125 3,12-

ABSTRACT Currently, there are some concerns about the situation and, in particular, about the future of the COVID-19 pandemic and the new emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. Rodents are an example of synanthropic animals in urban environments that harbor important zoonoses. Although the molecular identification of SARS-CoV-2 in Rattus norvegicus from New York City had been reported, in other studies, urban wild rodents infected with this virus have not been found. This study aimed to molecularly identify the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in urban wild rodents from Mexico City, trapped along a water channel of a public park as part of a pest control program, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, during the fall and winter of 2020. Up to 33 Mus musculus and 52 R. norvegicus were captured and euthanized, large intestine samples with feces from the animals were obtained. RNAs were obtained and subjected to qRT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 identification and threshold cycle (Ct) values were obtained. Four mice (12.1%) and three rats (5.8%) were positive, three rodents exhibited Ct<30. Our results on the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 in urban rats are in line with other previous reports. Thus, similar to other authors, we suggest that surveillance for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in urban wild rodents, as sentinel animals, should be maintained. Currently particular COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 SARSCoV2. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV 2. 2 zoonoses SARS-CoV- reported studies found program 2020 3 5 R euthanized qRTPCR qRT PCR Ct (Ct 12.1% 121 12 1 (12.1% 5.8% 58 8 (5.8% positive Ct30 30 Ct<30 reports Thus authors maintained COVID1 COVID- SARS-CoV 202 12.1 (12.1 5.8 (5.8 Ct3 Ct<3 20 12. (12. 5. (5. Ct< (12 (5 (1 (

ABSTRACT: In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in the demand for small rodents such as hamsters, guinea pigs, rats, and mice to be kept as pets. Consequently, the veterinary care provided to these animals has also increased. The aim of this study was to describe gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of 26 spontaneous neoplasms diagnosed in 25 pet rodents in Northeastern Brazil. A retrospective study was carried out from 2014 to 2022 in two veterinary diagnostic laboratories to identify cases of tumoriform lesions in these species. Hamsters represented the most frequent species in this study (60%, 15/25), followed by rats (28%, 7/25), guinea pigs (8%, 2/25), and mice (4%, 1/25), with a mean age of 17.63 months. The anatomical regions of the face/head and thoracic region were the most affected. The most affected tissues were the skin/subcutaneous/mucosal (65%, 15/26) and mammary gland (23%, 6/26). Eighteen different types of neoplasms were diagnosed, and T-cell lymphomas and mammary adenocarcinomas were the most diagnosed tumors, each corresponding to 12% (3/26) of the cases. Leiomyosarcoma, myxosarcoma and mammary adenocarcinoma metastases were also noted. Immunohistochemistry was essential for the diagnosis of certain malignant mesenchymal and round-cell neoplasms. Pet rodent neoplasms in Northeastern Brazil are common, especially in hamsters, and immunohistochemistry can be a useful tool for the definitive diagnosis of these tumors. ABSTRACT decade hamsters pets Consequently increased gross 2 201 202 60%, 60 (60% 15/25, 1525 15/25 , 15 15/25) 28%, 28 (28% 7/25, 725 7/25 7 7/25) 8%, 8 (8% 2/25, 225 2/25 2/25) 4%, 4 (4% 1/25, 125 1/25 1 1/25) 1763 17 63 17.6 months facehead face head skinsubcutaneousmucosal skin subcutaneous mucosal 65%, 65 (65% 15/26 1526 23%, 23 (23% 6/26. 626 6/26 . 6 6/26) Tcell T cell tumors 12 3/26 326 3 (3/26 Leiomyosarcoma noted roundcell round common 20 60% (60 152 15/2 28% (28 72 7/2 8% (8 22 2/2 4% (4 1/2 176 17. 65% (65 23% (23 62 6/2 3/2 32 (3/2 (6 15/ (2 7/ ( 2/ 1/ 6/ 3/ (3/ (3

ABSTRACT The ovary of sexually mature females involves oogenetic process for follicular development, ovulation, and luteinization (gametogenic function), which in turn relate to stages of the estrous cycle (EC), as well as the production and biotransformation (steroidogenic function) of sexual steroid hormones (SSH) during EC, pregnancy, and lactation. Depending on their concentrations, SSH play different functions to elicit such reproductive events, but little is known about this in free-living wild species. Here we used ELISA to assess intraovarian concentrations of progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, and estradiol, during EC, pregnancy, and lactation in wild adult females of Peromyscus melanotis J.A. Allen & Chapman, 1897 and Peromyscus difficilis (J.A. Allen, 1891), immediately after their capture. Results of intraspecific ANOVA showed statistical differences between concentrations of different SSH in the same reproductive stage or event and between the stages or events for each SSH, according to the steroidogenic Δ 4 pathway. Although ANOVA analyses showed no interspecific differences of the same SSH in the same event, except for more testosterone in P. melanotis during heat, profiles of production curves suggest intraspecific peculiarities and interspecific differences that need to be further investigated. Our results contribute to physiological-endocrine evidence during the four stages of EC and first and second part of pregnancy in species of Peromyscus, and are the first documentation for overall lactation in wild rodents. development ovulation gametogenic function, function , (EC) (SSH freeliving free living progesterone androstenedione estradiol JA J A J.A Chapman 189 (J.A 1891, 1891 1891) capture pathway P heat investigated physiologicalendocrine physiological endocrine rodents (EC 18 1

RESUMEN Introducción: El glutamato monosódico se emplea en humanos desde el pasado siglo como potenciador del sabor. Su inoculación parenteral en murinos durante el período neonatal causa lesiones en varios núcleos hipotalámicos. Objetivo: Describir los efectos del glutamato monosódico sobre el sistema neuroendocrinoinmune en murinos. Metodos: Se realizó una revisión de artículos de libre acceso en las bases de datos PubMed y SciELO entre enero de 2013 y julio de 2020. También se examinó el texto básico de la asignatura Sangre y Sistema Inmune de la carrera de medicina. Desarrollo: Con independencia de su efecto adictivo, varios estudios defienden la inocuidad del glutamato monosódico. Sin embargo, este compuesto puede atravesar la barrera hematoencefálica de neonatos de murinos, y ocasionar trastornos metabólicos, reproductivos y del sistema inmune. Conclusiones: El glutamato monosódico en roedores causa alteraciones en los órganos que integran el suprasistema neuroendocrinoinmune y, por tanto, afecta sus funciones homeostáticas. Los mecanismos patogénicos no se conocen con exactitud.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Monosodium glutamate has been used in humans since the last century as a flavor enhancer. Its parenteral inoculation in murine during the neonatal period causes lesions in several hypothalamic nuclei. Objective: To describe the effects of monosodium glutamate on the neuroendocrine immune system in murine samples. Methods: A review of open access articles in the PubMed and SciELO databases was conducted between January 2013 and July 2020. The basic text of the Blood and Immune System course of the medical school was also reviewed. Development: Regardless of its addictive effect, several studies defend the safety of monosodium glutamate. However, this compound can cross the blood-brain barrier of murine neonates, causing metabolic, reproductive and immune system disorders. Conclusions: Monosodium glutamate in rodents causes alterations in the organs that make up the neuroendocrine-immune suprasystem and, therefore, affects their homeostatic functions. The pathogenic mechanisms are not known exactly.

Abstract Lagostomus maximus is a native rodent of South America that presents economic and biological importance. However, few studies on parasites of this rodent are available throughout its geographic distribution. The aim of this study was to explore, describe and compare the structure of helminth communities from 2 populations of L. maximus in semi-captive (SCHP) and wild (WHP) conditions in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. The structure of helminth communities was studied considering ecological data at different levels. Seven helminth taxa were collected. Graphidioides spp. and Lagostonema ecasiense were the most prevalent species in SCHP, and Viannella viscaciae in WHP. This last species showed the highest values of mean intensity and mean abundance in both host populations. Helminths from SCHP showed higher values of abundance, mean intensity, mean abundance, diversity, and evenness, and lower values of specific richness and dominance than WHP. Specific richness, evenness and dominance allowed separating the 2 host populations. The abundances of V. viscaciae and Graphidioides spp. distinguished both host populations, suggesting possible influences of human intervention and/or environmental characteristics, as consequence of semi-captive and wild conditions.

Resumen Lagostomus maximus es un roedor autóctono de América del Sur que presenta importancia económica y biológica. Sin embargo, se dispone de pocos estudios sobre sus parásitos en toda su distribución geográfica. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar, describir y comparar la estructura de las comunidades de helmintos de 2 poblaciones de L. maximus en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, en condiciones de semicautividad (SCHP) y silvestría (WHP). La estructura de las comunidades de helmintos se estudió considerando datos ecológicos a diferentes niveles. Se colectaron 7 taxones de helmintos. Graphidioides spp. y Lagostonema ecasiense fueron las especies más prevalentes en SCHP y Viannella viscaciae en WHP. Esta última especie mostró los valores más altos de intensidad media y abundancia media en ambas poblaciones hospedadoras. Los helmintos de SCHP mostraron valores más altos de abundancia, intensidad media, abundancia media, diversidad y equitatividad, y valores más bajos de riqueza específica y dominancia que WHP. La riqueza específica, la equitatividad y la dominancia permitieron separar a las 2 poblaciones hospedadoras. Las abundancias de V. viscaciae y Graphidioides spp. distinguieron a ambas poblaciones hospedadoras, sugiriendo posibles influencias de la intervención humana y/o características ambientales, como consecuencia de las condiciones de semicautividad y silvestría.

ABSTRACT Binomial nomenclature in Latin is used to name species, allowing communication between scientists but not with the general public. We compiled popular names in Portuguese, Spanish, and English for the rodent species that occur in Brazil, revealing a large gap in Portuguese, where 11.5% of the species do not have common names, or they share a same name, as 66 of the Echimyidae (“toró”), and 57 of the Cricetidae species (“rato-do-mato”). In contrast, almost all species have common names in English, which are generally unique. To highlight the importance of ecosystem services that rodents provide to society, it is essential to provide common names in the local language where the species was described. public Portuguese Spanish Brazil 115 11 5 11.5 6 toró, toró , (“toró”) ratodomato. ratodomato rato mato . (“rato-do-mato”) contrast unique society described 1 11. (“toró” (“rato-do-mato” (“toró (“rato-do-mato

Abstract For nearly 100 years the postcoital inflammatory response has been described in the female reproductive tract of rodents. Since the 1950’s this observation has been made in a number of animals including humans and domestic species. Yet pregnancy can be initiated and maintained by using embryo transfer which bypasses insemination and the related postcoital inflammatory response. Thus, the role of semen exposure beyond sperm transport and subsequent postcoital inflammatory response in female reproductive tissues has yet to be given a true physiological purpose. Historically the postcoital inflammatory response of female tissues was suggested to remove spermatozoa and male derived pathogens from the female reproductive tract. More recently, semen exposure and the postcoital inflammatory response have been suggested to play a role in long-term preparation of the maternal immune system to the semi-allogeneic pregnancy, ancillary support of the preimplantation embryo, and potentially fetal programing that improves pregnancy outcomes, while the absence or inappropriate postcoital inflammation has been suggested to contribute to pregnancy complications. Although the postcoital inflammatory response has been robustly characterized, the evidence for its role in promoting positive pregnancy outcomes or reducing pregnancy complications remains tenuous. This manuscript is designed to balance the information we know regarding semen exposure and postcoital inflammation in various animal systems, with the information we perceive to be factual but perhaps not yet fully tested, along with the data we have yet to generate if we intend to postulate a physiological purpose of the postcoital inflammatory response to pregnancy outcomes. 10 rodents 1950s s 1950 species Thus recently longterm long term semiallogeneic semi allogeneic characterized tenuous systems tested 1 195 19