RESUMO Este estudo foca no desempenho de vacas para produção de carne, criadas nos pântanos do Paraguai, examinando cinco genótipos bovinos; Brahman, Brangus, Nelore, bem como duas raças locais em risco de extinção. O principal objetivo é identificar e classificar variáveis fenotípicas que incluem variáveis sanguíneas, clínicas, de pelagem e saúde, demonstrando ligação causal com o peso vivo das vacas analisadas. Inicialmente, foram identificadas correlações elevadas entre diferentes variáveis incluídas neste estudo, e, então, utilizando técnicas avançadas de aprendizado de máquina e a aplicação de explicações aditivas de Shapley (SHAP), foi proporcionado um entendimento mais profundo dos fatores fortemente associados à adaptabilidade nestes ambientes, e, portanto, o respectivo desempenho zootécnico. A associação entre o componente genotípico bovino ligado à estação do ano mostrou ser o fator influente mais predominante sobre o peso vivo bovino. Variáveis como comprimento do pelo, hematócrito, fosfatase, fósforo, creatina phosphokinase, creatinina, proteína, cortisol, cálcio e a presença de endoparasitas foram destacadas, demonstrando sua importância hierárquica para a seleção animal. Os modelos de ML são ferramentas eficazes para estabelecer hierarquias de relevância em multivariáveis fenotípicas complexas, o que é crucial em programas de melhoramento genético em diferentes espécies zootécnicas, bem como em ambientes especiais e específicos, como os pântanos. carne Paraguai bovinos Brahman Brangus Nelore extinção sanguíneas clínicas saúde analisadas Inicialmente então SHAP, SHAP , (SHAP) portanto zootécnico pelo hematócrito fosfatase fósforo phosphokinase creatinina proteína cortisol destacadas animal complexas zootécnicas específicos (SHAP

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the performance of cows for meat production raised in the wetlands of Paraguay, examining five cattle genotypes: Brahman, Brangus, and Nelore, as well as two local breeds at risk of extinction. The main objective is to identify and rank phenotypic variables, including blood, clinical, hair, and health variables, demonstrating causal linkage with the live weight of the cows analyzed. Initially, high correlations were identified between different variables included in this study; then, using advanced Machine learning (ML) techniques and the application of Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), a deeper understanding was provided of the factors strongly associated with adaptability in these environments, and, therefore, the respective zootechnical performance. The association between cattle genotypic components linked with the season of the year proved to be the most influential factor on cattle live weight. Variables such as hair length, hematocrit, phosphatase, phosphorus, creatine phosphokinase, creatinine, protein, cortisol, calcium, and the presence of endoparasites were highlighted, demonstrating their hierarchical importance for animal selection. ML models are effective tools for establishing hierarchies of relevance in complex phenotypic multivariable, which is crucial in breeding programs for different zootechnical species and in special and specific environments like wetlands. Paraguay genotypes Brahman Brangus Nelore extinction blood clinical analyzed Initially then (ML SHAP, SHAP , (SHAP) therefore length hematocrit phosphatase phosphorus phosphokinase creatinine protein cortisol calcium highlighted selection multivariable (SHAP

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives Over the last few years, most countries have developed standards relating to reducing the number of places where smoking continues to be possible, particularly in the workplace. This review was intended to summarize the most recent publications on the topic. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in April 2023 in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content Passive Smoking is defined as "second-hand" smoke that encompasses a complex mixture of pollutants, remaining in the dust on local surfaces where it was smoked, consisting of the original tobacco products and the components originating in the direct consumer's breath, eventually reacting to other agents gifts. These can remain on inert surfaces, sometimes for months and transmission can occur by simple touch. Some researchers estimate that there are around 4000 chemical agents in this context, of which 250 are toxic and 50 are even carcinogenic. Tobacco is one of the preventable causes of death worldwide and a modifiable risk factor, through mechanisms that include DNA damage, inflammation and oxidative stress. It involves health costs and reduced labor productivity, due to associated pathologies, namely cardiovascular, respiratory, oncological, obstetric and infectious diseases. Discussion and Conclusions Over the last few decades, there has been a global decrease in passive smoke, due to the introduction of increasingly restrictive standards in relation to places where smoking is still permitted, in society in general and, obviously, in the workplace as well. The selected articles did not highlight the following detail much but, by creating areas where smoking is permitted in the company, these should minimize the exposure of all workers, smokers and, above all, non-smokers. It would be desirable for countries/institutions where standards are less restrictive and/or enforced to change, so that all workers have a safe working environment. Furthermore, it would be interesting to understand what opinion Portuguese workers have regarding this topic, how standards are complied with in their workplaces and what are the most effective techniques to achieve greater success in this context.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos Ao longo dos últimos anos a generalidade dos países foi desenvolvendo normas relativas à diminuição dos locais onde continua a ser possível fumar, nomeadamente em contexto laboral. Pretendeu-se com esta revisão resumir o que de mais recente se publicou sobre o tema. Metodologia Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo O Tabagismo Passivo é definido como fumo de "segunda mão" que engloba uma mistura complexa de poluentes, permanecendo na poeira das superfícies locais onde se fumou, constituída pelos produtos tabágicos originais e os componentes originários pela respiração do consumidor direto, eventualmente reagindo a outros agentes presentes. Estes podem permanecer nas superfícies inertes, por vezes, por meses e a transmissão pode ocorrer pelo simples toque. Alguns investigadores estimam que existam neste contexto cerca de 4000 agentes químicos, dos quais 250 são tóxicos e 50 são inclusivamente carcinogénicos. O tabaco é uma das causas preveníveis de morte mundialmente e fator de risco modificável, por mecanismos que abarcam o dano de DNA, inflamação e stress oxidativo. Ele implica custos de saúde e de diminuição da produtividade laboral, em função das patologias associadas, nomeadamente cardiovascular, respiratória, oncológica, obstétrica e infeciosa. Discussão e Conclusões Ao longo das últimas décadas verificou-se, globalmente, uma diminuição ao Tabagismo Passivo, devido à introdução de normas cada vez mais restritivas em relação aos locais onde ainda é permitido fumar, na sociedade em geral e, obviamente, em contexto de trabalho também. Os artigos selecionados não realçaram muito o seguinte detalhe mas, criando-se áreas onde é permitido fumar na empresa, estas devem minimizar a exposição de todos os trabalhadores, tabagistas e, sobretudo, não fumadores. Seria desejável que os países/instituições onde as normas são menos restritivas e/ou cumpridas, tal se alterasse, de forma a todos os trabalhadores terem um ambiente laboral seguro. Para além disso, seria interessante perceber qual a opinião que os trabalhadores portugueses têm em relação a este tema, de que forma as normas são cumpridas nos seus locais de trabalho e quais as técnicas mais eficazes para obter mais sucesso neste contexto.

Abstract Introduction: Vascular and neuropathic complications of diabetes cause diabetic foot, being the main risk factor for non-traumatic amputations. Objective: To analyze the available scientific evidence on lifestyle and self-care of patients at risk of diabetic foot. Methodology: Literature review using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses methodology; published in EBSCO host, Google academic, PubMed, Scielo and Elsevier; in English and Spanish from 2016 to 2022. Nursing articles were included, mentioning two or more variables of interest: diabetes mellitus, lifestyle, diabetic foot, and self-care; duplicates, no access, and gray literature were eliminated. From a total of 1,080 articles, 14 were included that met the inclusion criteria. Checklists were used to assess the quality of the manuscripts used. Results: Systematic reviews, observational, experimental and qualitative studies showed evidence that self-care can be influenced by culture, context and knowledge deficit, being this a risk factor for the development of diabetic foot. An association was found between the risk of diabetic foot with years of diagnosis, inadequate self-care of the feet and advanced age. Conclusion: The association between the self-care deficit and the risk of diabetic foot in the elderly was evidenced. It is recommended to broaden the search and include people under 40 years of age in order to establish effective preventive measures and reduce the risk of diabetic foot.

Abstrato Introdução: As complicações vasculares e neuropáticas da diabetes causam o pé diabético, sendo o principal fator de risco para amputações não traumáticas. Objetivo: Analisar a evidência científica disponível sobre o estilo de vida e o autocuidado dos doentes em risco de pé diabético. Metodologia: Revisão da literatura utilizando a metodologia preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses; publicada no EBSCO host, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scielo e Elsevier; em inglês e espanhol de 2016 a 2022. Foram incluídos artigos de enfermagem que mencionavam duas ou mais variáveis de interesse: diabetes mellitus, estilo de vida, pé diabético e autocuidado; foram removidos os duplicados, sem acesso e literatura cinzenta. De um total de 1.080 artigos, 14 que preencheram os critérios de inclusão foram incluídos. Foram utilizadas listas de verificação para avaliar a qualidade dos manuscritos utilizados. Resultados: Revisões sistemáticas, estudos observacionais, experimentais e qualitativos mostraram evidências de que o autocuidado pode ser influenciado pela cultura, contexto e défices de conhecimento, que são factores de risco para o desenvolvimento da doença do pé diabético. Foram encontradas associações entre o risco de pé diabético e os anos de diagnóstico, o autocuidado inadequado dos pés e a idade avançada. Conclusão: Verificou-se a associação entre défices de autocuidado e o risco de doença do pé diabético em idosos. Recomendamos o alargamento da pesquisa a pessoas com menos de 40 anos de idade, de forma a estabelecer medidas preventivas eficazes e reduzir o risco de doença do pé diabético.

Resumen Introducción: Las complicaciones vasculares y neuropáticas de la diabetes causan el pie diabético, siendo el principal factor de riesgo para amputaciones no traumáticas. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia científica disponible sobre el estilo de vida y autocuidado de los pacientes con riesgo de pie diabético. Metodología: Revisión de la literatura mediante la metodología preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses; publicada en EBSCO host, Google académico, PubMed, Scielo y Elsevier; en inglés y español desde 2016 a 2022. Se incluyeron artículos de enfermería, que mencionaran dos o más variables de interés: diabetes mellitus, estilo de vida, pie diabético y autocuidado; se eliminaron duplicados, sin acceso abierto y literatura gris. De un total de 1,080 artículos se incluyeron 14 que reunieron los criterios de inclusión. Se emplearon listas de verificación para evaluar la calidad de los manuscritos utilizados. Resultados: Las revisiones sistemáticas, estudios observacionales, experimentales y cualitativos mostraron evidencias de que el autocuidado puede verse influenciado por la cultura, contexto y déficit de conocimientos, siendo este factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de pie diabético. Se encontró asociación entre el riesgo de pie diabético con años de diagnóstico, autocuidado inadecuado de los pies y edad avanzada. Conclusión: Se evidenció asociación entre déficit de autocuidado y riesgo de pie diabético en el adulto mayor. Se recomienda ampliar la búsqueda e incluir personas menores de 40 años para establecer medidas preventivas eficaces y reducir el riesgo de pie diabético.

Abstract Introduction: Almost 800 female deaths occur daily due to preventable causes associated with complications during or after pregnancy or childbirth, equivalent to two maternal deaths per minute. Objective: To develop a nursing care process for a pregnant woman who suffered from hyperthyroidism using diagnostic taxonomies, results and nursing interventions with a focus on Orem's theory. Methodology: Case study of a pregnant woman treated in a second level care hospital, the Orem assessment guide was used, developing the stages: assessment, diagnosis, planning, execution and evaluation, individualized care plans were designed and executed. Privacy was protected by omitting identity, respecting the rights and well-being of the participant. Results: The risk conditioning factor that compromised the health of the mother-child binomial gave way to care planning aimed at the process of ineffective motherhood and ineffective self-management of health, establishing interventions such as high-risk pregnancy care and teaching the process of illness and prescribed medications, an improvement was obtained in the patient's health status, which allowed her discharge and adequate management of the high-risk pregnancy. Conclusion: The nursing care process exposed the context in which the pregnant woman with known uncontrolled pathology is admitted, which compromised maternal-fetal well-being. Nursing education is required to promote preconception maternal health for future pregnancies.

Abstrato Introdução: Quase 800 mortes femininas ocorrem diariamente por causas evitáveis associadas a complicações durante ou após a gravidez ou o parto, o equivalente a duas mortes maternas por minuto. Objetivo: Desenvolver um processo de cuidado de enfermagem a uma gestante portadora de hipertireoidismo utilizando taxonomias diagnósticas, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem com enfoque na teoria de Orem. Metodologia: Estudo de caso de uma gestante atendida em um hospital de atenção secundária, utilizou-se o guia de avaliação de Orem, desenvolvendo as etapas: avaliação, diagnóstico, planejamento, execução e avaliação, foram desenhados e executados planos de cuidados individualizados. A privacidade foi protegida pela omissão da identidade, respeitando os direitos e o bem-estar do participante. Resultados: O fator condicionante de risco que comprometia a saúde do binômio mãe-filho deu lugar ao planejamento do cuidado voltado ao processo de maternidade ineficaz e à autogestão ineficaz da saúde, estabelecendo intervenções como o cuidado à gravidez de alto risco e ensinando o processo e medicamentos prescritos, houve uma melhora no estado de saúde da paciente, o que permitiu sua alta e o gerenciamento adequado da gravidez de alto risco. Conclusão: O processo de cuidado de enfermagem expôs o contexto em que a gestante com patologia conhecida não controlada é internada, o que compromete o bem-estar materno-fetal. A educação em enfermagem é necessária para promover a saúde materna pré-concepcional em futuras gestações.

Resumen Introducción: Casi 800 muertes de mujeres en forma diaria ocurren por causas prevenibles asociadas a complicaciones durante o después del embarazo o el parto, equivaliendo dos muertes maternas por minuto. Objetivo: Desarrollar un proceso de atención de enfermería a gestante que cursó con hipertiroidismo empleando las taxonomías diagnósticas, resultados e intervenciones de enfermería con enfoque de la teoría de Orem. Metodología: Estudio de caso a mujer gestante atendida en hospital de segundo nivel de atención, se empleó la guía de valoración de Orem desarrollando las etapas: valoración, diagnóstico, planeación, ejecución y evaluación, se diseñaron y ejecutaron planes de cuidados individualizados. Se protegió la privacidad omitiendo identidad, respetando los derechos y bienestar de la participante. Resultados: El factor condicionante de riesgo que comprometía la salud del binomio madre-hijo, dio paso a la planificación del cuidado encaminado al proceso de maternidad ineficaz y autogestión ineficaz de la salud, estableciendo intervenciones como cuidados del embarazo de alto riesgo y enseñanza del proceso de enfermedad y medicamentos prescritos, se obtuvo mejora en el estado de salud de la paciente, lo que permitió su alta y un adecuado manejo del embarazo de alto riesgo. Conclusión: El proceso de atención de enfermería expuso el contexto en el que ingresa la mujer gestante con patología conocida no controlada, lo que comprometía el bienestar materno-fetal. Se requiere educación por parte de enfermería para fomentar la salud materna preconcepcional para futuros embarazos.

Resumen En el artículo se examina la relación entre la migración interna de NNA (niños, niñas y adolescentes) y la asistencia escolar en la entidad fronteriza de Baja California, México. Se combina el análisis de los microdatos del Censo de Población 2020 con la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes que atendieron a este sector entre 2015 y 2022. Los NNA migrantes internos presentan desventajas en la asistencia escolar y las brechas aumentan si la migración es reciente y si los padres trabajan en la agricultura. Ser indígena es un factor protector de la asistencia escolar para los migrantes no recientes, pero de riesgo para los migrantes recientes; esto último coincide con las percepciones docentes. Estos señalan que existen barreras tanto socioeconómicas como del contexto educativo que limitan la inserción escolar de estos migrantes. El Estado tiene aún pendiente garantizar el derecho pleno a la educación de los migrantes internos.

Abstract The article examines the relationship between internal migration of children and adolescents and school enrollment in the border state of Baja California, Mexico. This research combines the analysis of the 2020 Population Census microdata and semi-structured interviews with teachers who served this sector between 2015 and 2022. Internal migrant children have disadvantages in school enrollment, and the gaps increase if the migration is recent, and if the parents work in agriculture. Being indigenous is a protective factor for school attendance among non-recent migrants, but a risk factor among recent migrants; the latter is consistent with teachers’ perceptions. Teachers point out that there are both socioeconomic and educational context barriers that limit the school integration of these migrants. The State still has to guarantee the full right to education for internal migrants.

Resumen Introducción: la tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa crónica causada por Mycobacterium tuberculosis, capaz de afectar cualquier órgano o tejido siendo la forma más común la enfermedad pulmonar. Objetivo: identificar los factores que afectan la adherencia al tratamiento antituberculoso en pacientes del Departamento de Boyacá durante los años 2017-2019. Metodología: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo que utilizó como fuentes de información datos registrados en la base del programa departamental de Tuberculosis y SIVIGILA. Se realizó análisis univariado, determinando la distribución de las variables y análisis bivariado en el que se exploró la asociación entre la adherencia al tratamiento de tuberculosis y las variables independientes, se utilizó la prueba de Chi cuadrado. Resultados: se incluyeron 402 pacientes, la adherencia al tratamiento antituberculoso fue 96,5% y la no adherencia de 3,5%. El 66,7% eran de sexo femenino; 55,7% vivián en zona urbana; 66,5% pertenecían al régimen subsidiado; 89,7% mestizos; 91,2% correspondían a otros grupos poblacionales, seguido del 7,5% de población privada de la libertad y 1,3% habitantes de calle. Dentro de las comorbilidades la coinfección con VIH con 4,2% fue la de mayor presencia. Entre las causas de no adherencia al tratamiento fueron desinterés, cambio frecuente de domicilio, contrato finalizado con la EPS y suspensión del tratamiento por toxicidad hepática. El paciente con mayor probabilidad de abandonar el tratamiento pertenece al sexo masculino, al grupo poblacional de migrantes o habitantes de calle y se encuentra afiliado al régimen subsidiado, se encontró una relación estadísticamente significativa entre estas variables y el resultado con la adherencia al tratamiento. Conclusiones: si bien el resultado obtenido en el presente trabajo no es elevado, es importante realizar vigilancia de la adherencia al tratamiento antituberculoso para disminuir el riesgo de complicaciones derivadas de su abandono como mayor mortalidad, desarrollo de resistencia bacteriana y un período de contagiosidad más prolongado.

Abstract Introduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, capable of affecting any organ or tissue, the most common form being lung disease. Objective: Identify the factors that affect adherence to tuberculosis treatment in patients from the Department of Boyacá during the years 2017-2019. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study that used as information sources data registered in the database of the departmental Tuberculosis program and SIVIGILA. A univariate analysis was carried out, determining the distribution of the variables and a bivariate analysis in which the association between adherence to tuberculosis treatment and the independent variables was explored, using the Chi-square test. Results: 402 patients were included, adherence to anti-tuberculosis treatment was 96.5% and non-adherence 3.5%. 66.7% were female; 55.7% lived in an urban area; 66.5% belonged to the subsidized regime; 89.7% mestizo; 91.2% corresponded to other population groups, followed by 7.5% of the population deprived of liberty and 1.3% homeless. Within the comorbidities, coinfection with HIV 4.2% was the one with the greatest presence. Among the causes of non-adherence to treatment were lack of interest; frequent change of address; Terminated contract with the EPS and suspension of treatment due to liver toxicity. The patient with the highest probability of abandoning treatment belongs to the male sex, to the population group of migrants or street dwellers and is affiliated with the subsidized regime, a statistically significant relationship was found between these variables and the result with adherence to treatment. Conclusions: Although the result obtained in this study is not high, it is important to monitor adherence to tuberculosis treatment to reduce the risk of complications derived from its abandonment, such as increased mortality, development of bacterial resistance, and a longer period of contagiousness.

Summary: Avocado is a fruit (Persea americana), that has increased its consumption worldwide. Mexico is the main producer and exporter of avocado in the world, representing more than 30% of the world harvest, of which 73.2% of the total avocado production in Mexico was concentrated in the state of Michoacán. In the state of Michoacán, there is a constant production of avocado fruit throughout the year, but this production is affected by the variation in climate, water management and flowering type, putting agricultural production and sustainable development at risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the climatic effect, water management, and flowering type on fruit nutrient content in six orchards in the state of Michoacan. Six orchards were evaluated in the towns of Basilia, Cheranguerán, Tecario, Araparicuaro, Peribán and Patamburu in the state of Michoacan, which represent 90% of the climate types (TC), predominant in the state (ACW1, ACW2 and CW1)., with 100% of the water regime (irrigated and seasonal, RH) and 97% of the type of fruit produced (loca and normal, FF). The dry matter contents and total mineral content of the fruit were evaluated. The arrangement of treatments was a factorial [A= water regime (RH); B= type of climate (TC); C= floral flow (FF)], distributed completely randomly with 20 repetitions taking each tree as a repetition. The results indicated that the dry matter content is affected by TC, but not by RH and FF, FF affects the nutritional content more than TC and RH. The type of climate is the factor with the least impact on the mineral content of the fruit. In floral flow, the total nutritional content was significant in four elements with higher values for N, Cl, and Zn in crazy fruit and Na in normal fruit.

Resumen: El aguacate (Persea americana), es un fruto que ha incrementado su consumo a nivel mundial. México es el principal productor y exportador de aguacate en el mundo que representa más del 30% de la cosecha mundial, del cual el 73.2% de la producción total de aguacate en México se concentra en el estado de Michoacán, pero dicha producción es afectada por la variación del clima, poniendo en peligro la producción agrícola y el desarrollo sostenible. El objetivo del fue evaluar el efecto climático, manejo de agua y el tipo de floración sobre el contenido nutrimental del fruto en seis huertas del estado de Michoacán. Se evaluaron seis huertos de las localidades de la Basilia, Cheranguerán, Tecario, Araparicuaro, Peribán y Patamburu del estado de Michoacan, que representan un 90% de los tipos de clima (TC), predominantes en el estado (ACW1, ACW2 y CW2), con un 100% del régimen de agua (riego y temporal, RH) y un 97% del tipo de fruto producido (loca y normal, FF). Se evaluaron los contenidos de materia seca y el contenido mineral total del fruto. El arreglo de tratamientos fue una factorial [A= régimen hídrico (RH); B= tipo de clima (TC); C= flujo floral (FF)], distribuido completamente al azar con 20 repeticiones tomando cada árbol como una repetición. Los resultados indicaron que el contenido de materia seca es afectado por TC, pero no por RH y FF, FF afecta más el contenido nutricional que TC y RH. El tipo de clima es el factor de menor impacto en el contenido mineral del fruto. En flujo floral el contenido nutricional total fue significativo en cuatro elementos con mayor valor para N, Cl, y Zn en fruto loca y Na en fruto normal.

Abstract Through the Official Mexican Standard NOM-035-STPS-2018, organizations have the possibility of identifying, analyzing, and preventing psychosocial risk factors in the workplace, as well as promoting adequate organizational environments. Its compliance is mandatory for most of the organizations located in this nation. The main objective of the study is to validate the instrument of psychosocial risk factors included in the NOM-035-STPS-2018 standard through an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In this investigation, an analysis of the validity of the questionnaire proposed in the reference guide III of the aforementioned Standard was carried out based on the criteria established in the same document. For this, said instrument was applied to 250 workers of a maquiladora company located in the State of Guanajuato. It was found that, although the questionnaire is valid, it can be enriched based on the experience of the same organizations and that it should be adapted to extraordinary situations as a pandemic.

Resumen Por medio de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-035-STPS-2018, cuyo cumplimento es obligatorio para la mayoría las organizaciones, se tiene la posibilidad de identificar, analizar y prevenir los factores de riesgo psicosociales en los centros de trabajo, así como propiciar entornos organizacionales adecuados. El objetivo principal de este estudio radica en validar el instrumento de factores de riesgo psicosociales incluido en la norma a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. En esta investigación se efectúo un análisis de la validez del cuestionario propuesto en la guía de referencia III de la citada norma con base en los criterios establecidos en el mismo documento. Para ello, se aplicó el instrumento a 250 trabajadores de una empresa maquiladora situada en el Estado de Guanajuato. Se halló que, aunque el cuestionario es válido, es susceptible de ser enriquecido con base en la experiencia de las mismas organizaciones y que debería adaptarse a situaciones extraordinarias como una pandemia.

Abstract Background: In institutionalized elderly people, urinary tract infections are the most common, involving 12% to 30% of this population, with at least one episode per year, where several risk factors influence their occurrence. Objective: To determine the prevalence of urinary tract infections in older people institutionalized in a private institution of social solidarity and to identify the risk factors. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, observational, and epidemiological study conducted on a convenience sample of people who are institutionalized in a private institution of social solidarity and belong to three different services. Data was collected over 8 months, and the number of patients in the different services was recorded (n = 171). Results: The institution had a urinary tract infection prevalence of 18.1%. Although more cases occurred in women (p = 0.641) and people older than 75 years (p = 0.269), there were no significant differences. Location of hospitalization was identified as a risk factor for developing a urinary tract infection (p = 0.024). Conclusion: Out of the 171 people who were institutionalized, 31 developed a urinary tract infection. It is important to adopt educational and preventive measures.

Resumo Enquadramento: Nas pessoas idosas institucionalizadas, a infeção urinária é a mais comum, envolvendo 12% a 30% desta população, com pelo menos um episódio por ano, onde diversos fatores de risco influenciam a sua ocorrência. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência das infeções urinárias em pessoas institucionalizadas numa instituição particular de solidariedade social e identificar os fatores de risco. Metodologia: Estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal. Os participantes são pessoas institucionalizadas numa instituição particular de solidariedade social e que pertencem a três valências diferentes. Amostra por conveniência. A colheita de dados realizou-se durante 8 meses, com registo do número total de utentes das várias valências (n = 171). Resultados: A prevalência de infeção urinária na instituição foi de 18,1%. Ocorreram mais casos em mulheres (p = 0,641) e em pessoas com idade superior a 75 anos (p = 0,269), mas sem diferenças significativas. O local de internamento demonstrou ter influência no risco de desenvolvimento de infeção urinária (p = 0,024). Conclusão: Das 171 pessoas internadas, 31 desenvolveram infeção urinária. São necessárias atitudes educativas e preventivas.

Resumen Marco contextual: En los ancianos institucionalizados, las infecciones del tracto urinario son las más comunes, afectando del 12% al 30% de esta población, con al menos un episodio por año, donde varios factores de riesgo influyen en su aparición. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de infecciones urinarias en personas institucionalizadas en una institución privada de solidaridad social e identificar los factores de riesgo. Metodología: Estudio epidemiológico observacional transversal. Los participantes fueron personas institucionalizadas en una institución privada de solidaridad social y pertenecientes a tres servicios diferentes. Muestra de conveniencia. Los datos se recogieron durante un período de 8 meses y se registró el número total de usuarios de los distintos centros (n = 171). Resultados: La prevalencia de infección urinaria en la institución fue del 18,1%. Hubo más casos en mujeres (p = 0,641) y en mayores de 75 años (p = 0,269), pero sin diferencias significativas. Se demostró que el lugar de hospitalización influía en el riesgo de desarrollar infección urinaria (p = 0,024). Conclusión: De las 171 personas hospitalizadas, 31 desarrollaron infección urinaria. Se necesitan actitudes educativas y preventivas.

ABSTRACT This study investigated 27 male adolescents in socio-educational care at the Belford Roxo Intensive Care Center. It is a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative approach and a case study methodological proposal. To obtain data, questionnaires were applied that consisted of obtaining answers about i) sociodemographic data, ii) screening for involvement with smoking, alcohol and other drugs, iii) Beck Depression Inventory and iv) Beck suicidal ideation. The group studied was composed of 16.48 years old as a mean; 92.6% were brown or black; 70.37% had attended between the 5th grade of Elementary School I and the 9th grade of Elementary School II; 44.44% consumed alcoholic beverages daily; 40.74% presented depressive symptoms; 25.92% had a history of suicidal ideation, and 11.11% had already attempted suicide. Those surveyed with substance use problems face a high simultaneous risk of mental health problems, an aggravating factor that can result in a more difficult life situation with diffuse social problems, a precarious health status, and a prediction of general adversity. Thus, the situation of these adolescents, who are a sample of the peripheral underworld of cities, is alarming, indicating the urgency of public health and state actions.

RESUMO Este estudo pesquisou 27 adolescentes do sexo masculino em regime socioeducativo no Centro de Atendimento Intensivo Belford Roxo. É um estudo descritivo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa com proposta metodológica de estudo de caso. Na obtenção de dados, foram aplicados questionários que consistiram em obter respostas sobre i) dados sociodemográficos, ii) triagem do envolvimento com fumo, álcool e outras drogas, iii) Inventário Beck de depressão e iv) ideação suicida de Beck. O grupo pesquisado era composto de 16,48 anos como média de idade; percentual de 92,6% de cor parda ou preta; 70,37% tinham frequentado entre a 5ª série do Ensino Fundamental I e a 9ª série do Ensino Fundamental II; 44,44% faziam uso de bebidas alcoólicas diuturnamente; 40,74% apresentaram sintomas depressivos; 25,92% apresentaram histórico de ideação suicida, e 11,11% já tinham tentado suicídio. Os pesquisados com problemas de uso de substâncias psicoativas enfrentam um alto risco simultâneo de saúde mental, agravante que pode incorrer em situação de vida mais difícil com problemas sociais difusos, um quadro de saúde precário, prognosticando adversidades gerais. Dessa forma, é alarmante a situação desses adolescentes, que é uma amostra do submundo periférico das cidades, denotando a urgência de ações de saúde pública e do Estado.

Obesity is recognized as a significant risk factor for various types of cancer. Although the incidence of some types of cancer of various primary sites is decreasing due to specific prevention measures (screening programs, smoking cessation), the incidence of neoplasms in the young population shows a significant increase associated with obesity. There is sufficient evidence to say that bariatric surgery has been shown to significantly lower the risk of developing obesity-associated cancers, which are linked to metabolic dysregulation, chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, and hormonal alterations such as elevated insulin and sex hormone levels.

A obesidade é reconhecida como um fator de risco significativo para vários tipos de câncer. Embora a incidência de alguns tipos de câncer de vários locais primários esteja diminuindo devido a medidas específicas de prevenção (programas de triagem, cessação do tabagismo), a incidência de neoplasias na população jovem mostra um aumento significativo associado à obesidade. Há evidências suficientes para dizer que a cirurgia bariátrica demonstrou reduzir significativamente o risco de desenvolver cânceres associados à obesidade, que estão ligados à desregulação metabólica, inflamação sistêmica crônica de baixo grau e alterações hormonais, como níveis elevados de insulina e hormônios sexuais.

SUMMARY: Cerebral hemorrhage (CH) presents a significant risk for cognitive decline. Our research aimed to assess the impact of Apricot Kernel Oil (AKO) on cognitive function and inflammatory response in a hemorrhagic stroke model using Wistar rats, and to examine their correlation. Fifty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: a control group, an AKO supplemented group (receiving 400 mg/kg AKO), a CH group (with induced CH), and CH groups supplemented with 200 and 400 mg/kg AKO, each containing 10 rats. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Y-electric maze test across these groups. Additionally, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time PCR were utilized to analyze the protein and gene expression profiles of inflammatory and apoptotic factors in the brain. Compared to the control group, rats in the CH group took longer to master the maze criteria (P<0.05). Moreover, the CH group exhibited significantly increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conversely, rats in the CH+400 mg/kg AKO group showed opposite trends in electrical simulation time, inflammatory factor protein, and gene expression profile (Bcl- 2, BAX, Caspase-3, and p53) compared to the CH group (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that AKO extract may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction following CH in rats, potentially through modulation of inflammatory factors secreted by microglia.

RESUMEN: La hemorragia cerebral (HC) presenta un riesgo significativo de deterioro cognitivo. Nuestra investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto del aceite de semilla de albaricoque (ASA) en la función cognitiva y la respuesta inflamatoria en un modelo de accidente cerebrovascular hemorrágico utilizando ratas Wistar, y examinar su correlación. Se asignaron aleatoriamente cincuenta ratas Wistar a cinco grupos: un grupo control, un grupo suplementado con ASA (que recibió 400 mg/kg de ASA), un grupo HC (con HC inducido) y grupos HC suplementados con 200 y 400 mg/kg de ASA, cada uno. La función cognitiva se evaluó mediante la prueba del laberinto eléctrico Y en estos grupos. Además, se utilizaron un ensayo inmunoabsorbente ligado a enzimas y una PCR en tiempo real para analizar los perfiles de expresión de proteínas y genes de factores inflamatorios y apoptóticos en el cerebro. En comparación con el grupo de control, las ratas del grupo HC tardaron más en dominar los criterios del laberinto (P<0,05). Además, el grupo HC exhibió niveles significativamente mayores de citocinas proinflamatorias interleucina-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 y factor de necrosis tumoral- α, y niveles reducidos de citocinas antiinflamatorias IL-4 e IL-10 en comparación al grupo control (P<0,05). Por el contrario, las ratas del grupo HC+400 mg/kg ASA mostraron tendencias opuestas en el tiempo de simulación eléctrica, la proteína del factor inflamatorio y el perfil de expresión génica (Bcl-2, BAX, Caspasa-3 y p53) en comparación con el grupo HC (P <0,05). Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que el extracto de ASA puede mejorar la disfunción cognitiva después de la HC en ratas, potencialmente mediante la modulación de factores inflamatorios secretados por la microglia.

Abstract Objective Platelet to albumin ratio (PAR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) are potential indicators for evaluating nutritional and inflammatory status. This study aimed to examine the relationship between PAR and PNI and the acute complicated course of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO). Methods AHO patients were divided into the simple course group and the acute complicated course group. The patient's gender, age, site of infection, body temperature, laboratory results, and pathogen culture results were collected and compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors of the acute complicated course group. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to determine the optimal cut-off value. Results In total, 101 AHO patients with a median age of 7.58 years were included. There were 63 cases (62.4 %) in the simple course group and 38 cases (37.6 %) in the complicated course group. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that PAR and PNI were independent risk factors for predicting the acute complicated course of AHO (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that the combination of PAR and PNI had an area under the curve of 0.777 (95 % CI: 0.680-0.873, p < 0.001) with a cut-off value of 0.51. Conclusions The incidence of acute complicated courses was significantly higher in patients with high PAR and low PNI. A combined factor greater than 0.51, derived from PAR and PNI measurements within 24 h of admission, may be useful for predicting AHO patients who are likely to develop severe disease. (PAR (PNI status AHO. . (AHO) patient s gender infection temperature compared cutoff cut off total 10 758 7 58 7.5 included 6 62.4 624 62 4 (62. 3 37.6 376 37 (37. 0004 0 004 0.00 0001 001 0.001 respectively. respectively respectively) 0777 777 0.77 95 (9 CI 0.6800.873, 06800873 0.680 0.873, 680 873 0.680-0.873 051 51 0.51 2 admission disease (AHO 1 75 5 7. 62. (62 37. (37 000 00 0.0 077 77 0.7 9 ( 6800 0.6800.873 0680087 0680 0.68 0873 0.873 68 87 0.680-0.87 05 0.5 (6 (3 0. 07 0.6800.87 068008 068 0.6 087 0.87 8 0.680-0.8 0.6800.8 06800 06 08 0.8 0.680-0. 0.6800. 0.680-0 0.6800 0.680-

Cholera is an acute infectious disease caused by two toxin-producing strains, namely Vibrio cholerae O1, and Vibrio cholerae O139. Its recorded history stretches as far back as 1817, in Bengal, India, yet it continues to be a public health threat to this present day. Although cholera epidemics are now a relatively rare phenomenon in developed countries, frequent epidemics continue to be experienced in sub-Saharan Africa. Africa accounted for 63.33% of the 223 370 cases of and 4 159 deaths from cholera that were reported globally in 2020. Furthermore, of the 342 900 cholera cases and 3 304 cholera deaths reported globally in 2022, 40.28% of the cases and 77.85% of the deaths were in Africa. Inadequate sanitation infrastructure as well as inadequate provision of quality, safe drinking water in South Africa still creates conducive conditions for the transmission of cholera. In addition, climate change is increasingly becoming a risk factor towards the spread of V. cholerae pathogens in inland regions. To make recommendations on how South Africa, and potentially the Southern African region as a whole, can minimise the resurgence of cholera, this review addressed the following questions: Does South Africa have adequate sanitation infrastructure to curb the spread of cholera? Is there enough intentional surveillance of environmental water sources for vibrios as a cholera outbreak predictive tool? What is the impact of climate change on the resurgence of cholera in South Africa? And, what needs to be done to curb the resurgence of cholera in South Africa?