Résumé L’objectif du travail est de documenter l’existence d’un modèle de punition-récompense dans les pratiques éducatives envers les mineurs, à Querétaro, région centre-bas du pays, au cours des années 1950; considéré comme une étape de transition vers la Modernité, dans un environnement socioculturel dominé par les institutions conservatrices. Les recherches précédentes ont montré l’existence de châtiments physiques et psychologiques dans les salles de classe, acceptés par la société, où les mineurs ne le considéraient pas comme de la violence, mais comme une activité d’enseignement. Les travaux universitaires se sont concentrés sur la cruauté des châtiments corporels et le rôle de l’enseignement dans l’exercice du pouvoir et de la domination, mais sans prêter attention aux enfances et aux dynamiques dans lesquelles, le correctif fait partie d’un quotidien où abondent aussi les stimuli basés sur la récompense. Pour montrer cela, une recherche a été menée dans le cadre de l’Histoire Sociale et Culturelle, en utilisant des sources officielles et des références telles que: photographies, publicités, bandes dessinées ou romans, à travers lesquelles sont mis en évidence certains des stimuli et des satisfactions que les familles, souvent par un lourd sacrifice économique, donnaient à leurs enfants pour pouvoir aller à l’école. Il ressort des conclusions que ce que l’on considérait auparavant comme des pratiques communes ne le sont plus au fil du temps, et ce qui était impensable, avec le progressisme, c’est maintenant la norme. Le rejet actuel de la violence physique et psychologique entre et vers la population scolaire ne fait pas exception.

Streszczenie Streszczenie Celem pracy jest udokumentowanie istnienia modelu kary i nagrody w praktykach edukacyjnych wobec nieletnich w Querétaro, regionie środkowo-zachodnim kraju, w latach 1950-1960; okres ten uważany jest za etap przejścia do nowoczesności, w społeczno-kulturowym środowisku zdominowanym przez konserwatywne instytucje. Badania wcześniejsze pokazują istnienie kar fizycznych i psychicznych w salach lekcyjnych, akceptowanych przez społeczeństwo, gdzie nieletni nie traktowali tego jako przemocy, a jako działalność pedagogiczną. Prace akademickie skupiały się na ujawnianiu okrucieństwa kar fizycznych i roli nauczycieli w wywieraniu relacji władzy i dominacji, ale bez zwracania uwagi na dzieciństwo ani dynamikę, w której kara jest częścią codzienności, obok obfitujących w bodźce opartych na nagrodzie. Aby to udowodnić, przeprowadzono badania z wykorzystaniem podejścia historii społecznej i kulturowej, korzystając z oficjalnych źródeł i odniesień, takich jak: fotografie, reklamy, komiksy lub powieści, poprzez które ukazano niektóre bodźce i zaspokajacze, które rodziny, często kosztem dużego poświęcenia ekonomicznego, dawały swoim córkom i synom, aby mogły chodzić do szkoły. Wnioski wskazują, że to, co kiedyś uważano za powszechne praktyki, z czasem przestaje nimi być; a to, co było nie do pomyślenia, stało się teraz normą dzięki postępowi. Obecny sprzeciw wobec przemocy fizycznej i psychicznej wśród i wobec populacji szkolnej nie jest wyjątkiem.

Resumen El objetivo del trabajo es documentar la existencia de un modelo de castigo-recompensa en las prácticas educativas hacia menores, en Querétaro, región centro-bajío del país, durante la década de 1950; considerada una etapa de transición a la Modernidad, en un entorno sociocultural dominado por las instituciones conservadoras. Las investigaciones previas muestran la existencia de castigos físicos y psicológicos en las aulas, aceptados por la sociedad, donde las y los menores no lo consideraban como violencia, sino quehacer docente. Los trabajos académicos se centraron en exhibir la crueldad de los castigos físicos y el papel de la docencia al ejercer relaciones de poder y dominación, pero sin prestar atención a las infancias ni a las dinámicas en las que, el correctivo es parte de una cotidianeidad en la que también abundan estímulos basados en la recompensa. Para dar muestra de ello, se desarrolló una investigación bajo el enfoque de la Historia Social y Cultural, usando fuentes oficiales y referencias como: fotografías, anuncios publicitarios, historietas o novelas, a través de las cuales se evidencian algunos de los estímulos y satisfactores que las familias, muchas veces mediante un fuerte sacrificio económico, daban a sus hijas e hijos para poder ir a la escuela. Entre las conclusiones destaca que, lo que antes se consideraban prácticas comunes, al paso del tiempo ya no lo son; y lo que era impensable, con el progresismo, ahora es la norma. El rechazo actual de la violencia física y psicológica entre y hacia la población escolar, no es la excepción.

Abstract This paper aims to document the existence of a punishment-reward model in educational practices towards minors in Querétaro, a central-bajío region in Mexico, during the 1950s. This decade was considered a transitional stage to Modernity, in a sociocultural environment dominated by conservative institutions. Previous research shows the existence of physical and psychological punishment in classrooms, accepted by society, where minors did not perceive them as violence, but as a regular part of teaching. Academic research focused on exposing the cruelty of physical punishment and on the role of teaching in exercising relations of power and domination, but without focusing on the children or the dynamics in which correction was part of everyday life where reward-based stimuli were also abundant. To demonstrate this, research was conducted under the approach of Social and Cultural History, using official sources and references such as photographs, advertisements, comic books, or novels, through which are evidenced some of the stimuli and satisfiers that families, often through a strong economic sacrifice, provided to their children so that they were able to go to school. Among the conclusions, it is noteworthy that what was once considered common practices, over time, is no longer so, and that what was unthinkable, with progressivism, is now the norm. The current rejection of physical and psychological violence among and towards the school population is no exception.

RESUMEN Los cambios vertiginosos que se vienen dando en las últimas décadas repercuten en la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores y ello tiene implicancia directa con la productividad en las empresas, de manera específica en los negocios, las cuales han tenido que implementar estrategias de motivación e integración en sus colaboradores. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar la relación que tiene la satisfacción laboral y productividad del área comercial de CMAC Piura (Lima-Perú), 2022, en este estudio se trabajó con un enfoque cuantitativo- no experimental siendo de tipo de corte transversal y teniendo un alcance descriptivo correlacional. La población y muestra fue de 42 encuestados del área de negocios de Lima Sur siendo muestra censal. El coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach para satisfacción laboral fue de “0.91” y en productividad fue de “0.84. Los resultados de la estadística inferencial arrojaron que existe una correlación positiva media con un “Rho de Spearman” de “0.574”, el grado de significancia para esta prueba fue de (p=,000 < α=0,05). Se concluyó que se debe mejorar la satisfacción laboral en el área de negocios para que este factor no perjudique a la productividad de la empresa.

ABSTRACT The vertiginous changes that have been taking place in recent decades have an impact on the job satisfaction of workers and this has direct implications for productivity in companies, specifically in business, which have had to implement motivation and integration strategies in their employees. The objective of this research was to study the relationship between job satisfaction and productivity in the commercial area of CMAC Piura (Lima-Peru), 2022, in this study we worked with a quantitative-non-experimental approach, being of a cross-sectional type and having a correlational descriptive scope. The population and sample was 42 respondents from the business area of South Lima being a census sample. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for job satisfaction was "0.91" and in productivity it was "0.84. The results of the inferential statistics showed that there is a mean positive correlation with a "Spearman's Rho" of "0.574", the degree of significance for this test was (p=.000 < α=0.05). It was concluded that job satisfaction in the business area must be improved so that this factor does not harm the productivity of the company.

RESUMEN El desempeño laboral de los trabajadores repercute en la productividad y rentabilidad de las empresas. Actualmente las pequeñas y medianas empresas del cantón Quevedo, Ecuador, no gestionan correctamente el talento humano que poseen y no presentan manera de modificar este comportamiento. Es por ello que el propósito del presente trabajo es preparar a los estudiantes de la carrera de Administración de empresas a través de la implementación de un Modelo de Gestión de Talento Humano para las pequeñas y medianas empresas del cantón Quevedo. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa. Se entrevistan a 40 gerentes de las Pymes investigadas a través de 15 preguntas. El modelo propuesto consta de seis procesos estratégicos: organización, admisión, reconocimiento, mérito y recompensa, capacitación del personal, retención del personal y documentación de control. Se determina que los estudiantes son claves para la implementación de dicho modelo.

ABSTRACT The work performance of workers has an impact on the productivity and profitability of companies. Currently, small, and medium-sized enterprises in the canton of Quevedo, Ecuador, do not properly manage the human talent they possess and do not present a way to modify this behavior. That is why the purpose of this work is to prepare students of the Business Administration career through the implementation of a Human Talent Management Model for small and medium-sized companies in the Quevedo canton. The methodology used is qualitative. 40 managers of the SMEs investigated were interviewed through 15 questions. The proposed model consists of six strategic processes: organization, admission, recognition, merit and reward, staff training, staff retention, and control documentation. It is determined that students are key to the implementation of this model.

Abstract This study investigated consumers' perceptions of adding bee pollen to bread. An attitude questionnaire composed of 48 statements related to "general health," "light products," "natural products," "salty products," "food as a reward," "pleasure," and "food neophobia" was answered by the participants, who indicated their level of agreement with each statement according to a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from (1) "totally disagree" to (5) "totally agree." A check-all-that-apply (CATA) questionnaire was also employed to characterize 12 visual stimuli. The creation of stimuli was carried out using a factorial design, resulting in 12 images of bread. Three clusters of consumers were identified, each associating positive attributes with stimuli containing bee pollen, regardless of the health claim, while negative attributes were associated with stimuli without added pollen. The main positive drivers of liking were "I would buy," "attractive," "pleasant color," "healthy," "light," and "natural." On the other hand, the negative drivers of liking were "unattractive," "I don't like it," "I wouldn't buy," "hard," and "unpleasant color." This study provides valuable information for developing healthier bread using natural ingredients with bioactive compounds, such as bee pollen.

Résumé L’étude identifie les difficultés rencontrées par les universitaires pour obtenir des diplômes de post grade. De nature qualitative, la recherche a compilé les expériences d’universitaires ne possédant pas de diplôme de post grade, par moyen d’un échantillonnage théorique, avec des entretiens semi-structurés. Les résultats de l’analyse indiquent des difficultés économiques pour financer un cours; l’exigence d’une spécialisation non pédagogique, puisque l’académie n’est pas leur première source d’emploi; la maternité et l’éducation des enfants qui exigent un grand dévouement; et le peu de temps dont elles disposent. On conclut que ces obstacles pourraient être surmontés avec un plus grand soutien à la carrière d’enseignant, puisque jusqu’à présent elle a été classée comme un espace professionnellement enrichissant, mais elle demande beaucoup de temps et apporte peu de récompense financière. Létude L étude grade qualitative duniversitaires d dun théorique semistructurés. semistructurés semi structurés. structurés semi-structurés lanalyse l analyse cours lexigence exigence dune une pédagogique lacadémie académie nest n est demploi emploi d’emploi léducation éducation dévouement disposent denseignant, denseignant enseignant, enseignant d’enseignant jusquà jusqu enrichissant financière

Resumo O estudo identifica as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas universitárias para obter pós-graduação. De natureza qualitativa, a pesquisa coletou experiências de estudantes que não possuem pós-graduação, realizando uma amostragem teórica, com entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados da análise apontam dificuldades econômicas para financiar uma pós-graduação; a exigência de especialização não docente, uma vez que a academia não é sua principal fonte de trabalho; a maternidade e a criação dos filhos, que exigem maior dedicação; e o pouco tempo disponível. Conclui-se que essas barreiras poderiam ser superadas com maior apoio à carreira docente, uma vez que, até o momento, ela é considerada um espaço enriquecedor profissionalmente, mas que demanda muito tempo e oferece escassa recompensa econômica. pósgraduação. pósgraduação pós graduação. graduação pós-graduação qualitativa pósgraduação, graduação, teórica semiestruturadas docente trabalho filhos dedicação disponível Concluise Conclui se momento profissionalmente econômica

Abstract This study identifies the difficulties faced by female academics in obtaining postgraduate degrees. Qualitative in nature, the study collected experiences of students who do not have a postgraduate degree, through theoretical sampling and semi-structured interviews. The analysis findings point to economic difficulties in financing a postgraduate degree; the non-teaching specialization requirement, since academia is not their main source of work; motherhood and raising children, which demand greater dedication; and the limited time available. The conclusion is that these barriers could be overcome with greater support for the teaching career, since so far it is considered a professionally enriching space, but one that demands a lot of time and has little economic reward. degrees nature degree semistructured semi structured interviews nonteaching non requirement work children dedication available career space reward

Resumen El estudio identifica las dificultades que enfrentan las académicas universitarias para obtener posgrados. De carácter cualitativo, la investigación recopiló experiencias de docentes que no tienen posgrado académico, realizando un muestreo teórico, con entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados del análisis señalan dificultades económicas para financiar un posgrado; la exigencia de especialización no docente, pues la academia no es su primera fuente laboral; la maternidad y la crianza que les significa mayor dedicación; y el tiempo escaso de que disponen. Se concluye que estas barreras podrían ser superadas con más apoyo a la carrera docente, ya que hasta ahora es calificada como un espacio enriquecedor profesionalmente, pero que tiene alta demanda de tiempo y escasa recompensa económica. posgrados cualitativo académico teórico semiestructuradas docente laboral dedicación disponen profesionalmente económica

Abstract Purpose: This study sought to compare the behavior of self-gifting among the purchase dimensions. Specifically, we sought to identify which type of purchase is preferable in this phenomenon and how the predecessor moment can regulate and boost the donation of appropriate gifts for themselves. Originality/value: This study differs from previous research by simultaneously comparing the purchase dimensions (material-experiential and ordinary-extraordinary) and the moments preceding the purchase in the act of self-gifting. The findings indicate that donating ordinary possessions is essential for realizing the symbolic self-communication of the consumer who gives himself. Design/methodology/approach: Two sequential experimental design studies between subjects were carried out, with a non-probabilistic sample of 414 respondents. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). Findings: The results showed that ordinary material purchases led to a greater attitude towards self-gift, even though the literature suggested that extraordinary experiential purchases were preferable. In sequence, the concept of proportionality indicates that individuals seek to give themselves a gift regardless of the moment before the purchase. Consumers regulate their self-gifting based on the previously lived moment. In ordinary predecessor events, individuals seek to reward themselves with ordinary purchases, while in landmark predecessor events, individuals seek to reward themselves with extraordinary purchases. Purpose selfgifting self gifting Specifically Originality/value Originalityvalue Originality value materialexperiential ordinaryextraordinary ordinary-extraordinary selfgifting. gifting. selfcommunication communication himself Design/methodology/approach Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach out nonprobabilistic non probabilistic 41 respondents oneway one way ANOVA. ANOVA . ANOVA) Findings selfgift, selfgift gift, self-gift sequence events 4

Resumo Objetivo: Este estudo buscou comparar o comportamento de se autopresentear entre as dimensões de compra. Especificamente, buscou-se identificar que tipo de compra é preferível nesse fenômeno e como o momento antecessor pode regular e impulsionar a doação de presentes apropriados para si. Originalidade/valor: Este estudo se diferencia de pesquisas anteriores ao comparar, simultaneamente, as dimensões de compra (material-experiencial e ordinária-extraordinária) e os momentos antecessores à compra no ato de se autopresentear. Os achados apontam que a doação de possessões ordinárias é essencial para a realização da autocomunicação simbólica do consumidor que se autopresenteia. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Foram realizados dois estudos sequenciais de desenho experimental between-subject, com uma amostra não probabilística de 414 respondentes ao todo. Os dados foram analisados através da análise de variância (ANOVA one-way). Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram que as compras materiais ordinárias conduziram uma maior atitude de autopresentear, apesar de a literatura indicar que as compras experienciais extraordinárias seriam preferíveis. Em sequência, o conceito de proporcionalidade indicou que, independentemente do momento antecessor à compra, os indivíduos buscam se autopresentear. Os consumidores regulam seu autopresentear com base no momento anterior vivido. Em eventos ordinários antecessores, os indivíduos buscam se recompensar com compras ordinárias, enquanto em eventos marcantes antecessores, os indivíduos buscam se recompensar com compras extraordinárias. Objetivo Especificamente buscouse si Originalidade/valor Originalidadevalor Originalidade valor simultaneamente materialexperiencial material experiencial ordináriaextraordinária ordinária extraordinária ordinária-extraordinária autopresenteia Design/metodologia/abordagem Designmetodologiaabordagem Design metodologia abordagem betweensubject, betweensubject between subject, subject between-subject 41 todo ANOVA oneway. oneway one way . one-way) Resultados preferíveis sequência vivido 4 one-way

This article examines reasons for the increasing neglect of rural evangelism in Nigeria. Some Pentecostal missionaries, churches and faith-based communities seem unwilling to go on evangelism missions to rural areas; thus the increasing number of churches and missionaries in the city compared to rural Nigeria. Missionary impacts have been felt in schools, hospitals and microfinance banks. Historiography reveals that missionaries before the last decade were willing to go to rural areas. Most churches and schools in rural areas were established by missionaries. However, Pentecostal missionaries are now shifting their interests from urban-rural to urban-urban evangelism. In this qualitative analysis, data were gathered from primary and secondary sources. Oral interviews and relevant academic literature form the sources of the data. Many scholars have written on the history of church missionary activities in Nigeria, but literature is scarce on reasons for the current decrease in the number of missionaries in rural areas. Why do Christian missionaries relegate rural evangelism to the background? What has been the impact on the church? Our findings show the reasons as the advent of mega-churches in Nigerian cities, financial reward from city missionary activities, resistance of some communities, punishment, increased financial burdens, the quest for popularity, intimidation, the few rural evangelists, and the lack of sufficient assistance. Missionary activities, if revived, will lead to the development of rural areas spiritually, morally, educationally, socially, and economically. The church should not restrict the spread of the gospel to specific places. Churches sending missionaries to rural areas should also provide financial support to strengthen these missionaries, as they serve as crucial links between the host church and the local community.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between occupational stressors and common mental disorders (CMD) among "invisible" health workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Cross-sectional study including a probabilistic sample of 1,014 health workers from three municipalities in Bahia. CMDs were assessed using the SRQ-20. The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) scale and the Demand-Control Model assessed occupational stressors. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple analysis to evaluate the association between the variables of interest. Results: The global prevalence of CMD was 39.9%; it was higher among CHA/EDCA (47.2%), followed by management and surveillance staff (38.6%), technicians (35.4%), and support/maintenance/cleaning staff (29.9%). The association between occupational stressors and CMD varied among occupations: 1. Excessive work commitment (EWC), effort-reward imbalance (ERI), and psychological demand were associated with CMD among support/maintenance/cleaning workers; 2. EWC and ERI were associated with CMD among CHA/EDCA; 3. EWC, ERI, and low control over work were associated with CMD among technicians; 4. Among management and surveillance workers, only ERI remained associated with CMD. Conclusions: Occupational stressors played a relevant role in mental illness, with variation between occupational strata, demanding attention, monitoring, and control.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar associação entre estressores ocupacionais e transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) entre trabalhadores e trabalhadoras "invisíbilizados" da saúde, no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 1.014 trabalhadores(as) da saúde de três municípios baianos. Os TMC foram avaliados pelo SRQ-20. A escala Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa (DER) e o Modelo Demanda-Controle avaliaram os estressores ocupacionais. Análise descritiva, bivariada e múltipla avaliaram associação entre as variáveis de interesse. Resultados: A prevalência global de TMC foi de 39,9%, sendo mais elevada entre os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde/Agente de Combate às Endemias — ACS/ACE (47,2%), seguidos pelo pessoal da gestão e vigilância (38,6%), técnicos (35,4%) e pessoal de apoio/conservação/limpeza (29,9%). A associação entre estressores ocupacionais e TMC variou entre as ocupações: 1. Comprometimento excessivo com o trabalho (CET), DER e demandas psicológicas associaram-se aos TMC entre trabalhadores de apoio/conservação/limpeza; 2. CET e DER estavam associadas aos TMC entre ACS/ACE; 3. CET, DER e baixo controle sobre o trabalho associaram-se aos TMC entre os técnicos; 4. Entre trabalhadores de gestão e vigilância, apenas o DER estava associado aos TMC. Conclusões: Estressores ocupacionais tiveram papel relevante no adoecimento mental, com variação entre os estratos de ocupação, demandando atenção, acompanhamento e controle.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar associação entre estressores ocupacionais e transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) entre trabalhadores e trabalhadoras "invisíbilizados" da saúde, no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 1.014 trabalhadores(as) da saúde de três municípios baianos. Os TMC foram avaliados pelo SRQ-20. A escala Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa (DER) e o Modelo Demanda-Controle avaliaram os estressores ocupacionais. Análise descritiva, bivariada e múltipla avaliaram associação entre as variáveis de interesse. Resultados: A prevalência global de TMC foi de 39,9%, sendo mais elevada entre os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde/Agente de Combate às Endemias — ACS/ACE (47,2%), seguidos pelo pessoal da gestão e vigilância (38,6%), técnicos (35,4%) e pessoal de apoio/conservação/limpeza (29,9%). A associação entre estressores ocupacionais e TMC variou entre as ocupações: 1. Comprometimento excessivo com o trabalho (CET), DER e demandas psicológicas associaram-se aos TMC entre trabalhadores de apoio/conservação/limpeza; 2. CET e DER estavam associadas aos TMC entre ACS/ACE; 3. CET, DER e baixo controle sobre o trabalho associaram-se aos TMC entre os técnicos; 4. Entre trabalhadores de gestão e vigilância, apenas o DER estava associado aos TMC. Conclusões: Estressores ocupacionais tiveram papel relevante no adoecimento mental, com variação entre os estratos de ocupação, demandando atenção, acompanhamento e controle. Objetivo (TMC invisíbilizados "invisíbilizados COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 Métodos 1014 1 014 1.01 trabalhadoresas trabalhadores(as baianos SRQ20. SRQ20 SRQ 20. 20 SRQ-20 EsforçoRecompensa Esforço Recompensa (DER DemandaControle Demanda Controle descritiva interesse Resultados 399 39 9 39,9% SaúdeAgente Saúde Agente ACSACE ACS ACE 47,2%, 472 47,2% , 47 2 (47,2%) 38,6%, 386 38,6% 38 6 (38,6%) 35,4% 354 35 4 (35,4% apoioconservaçãolimpeza apoio conservação limpeza 29,9%. 299 29,9% . 29 (29,9%) ocupações (CET) associaramse associaram se 3 Conclusões mental ocupação atenção COVID1 COVID-1 101 01 1.0 SRQ2 SRQ-2 39,9 47,2 (47,2% 38,6 (38,6% 35,4 (35,4 29,9 (29,9% (CET COVID- 10 0 SRQ- 39, 47, (47,2 38, (38,6 35, (35, 29, (29,9 (47, (38, (35 (29, (47 (38 (3 (29 (4 ( (2

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between occupational stressors and common mental disorders (CMD) among "invisible" health workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Cross-sectional study including a probabilistic sample of 1,014 health workers from three municipalities in Bahia. CMDs were assessed using the SRQ-20. The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) scale and the Demand-Control Model assessed occupational stressors. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple analysis to evaluate the association between the variables of interest. Results: The global prevalence of CMD was 39.9%; it was higher among CHA/EDCA (47.2%), followed by management and surveillance staff (38.6%), technicians (35.4%), and support/maintenance/cleaning staff (29.9%). The association between occupational stressors and CMD varied among occupations: 1. Excessive work commitment (EWC), effort-reward imbalance (ERI), and psychological demand were associated with CMD among support/maintenance/cleaning workers; 2. EWC and ERI were associated with CMD among CHA/EDCA; 3. EWC, ERI, and low control over work were associated with CMD among technicians; 4. Among management and surveillance workers, only ERI remained associated with CMD. Conclusions: Occupational stressors played a relevant role in mental illness, with variation between occupational strata, demanding attention, monitoring, and control. Objective (CMD invisible "invisible COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic Method Crosssectional Cross sectional 1014 1 014 1,01 Bahia SRQ20. SRQ20 SRQ 20. 20 SRQ-20 EffortReward Effort Reward (ERI DemandControl Demand Control Descriptive bivariate interest Results 39.9% 399 39 9 CHAEDCA CHA EDCA 47.2%, 472 47.2% , 47 2 (47.2%) 38.6%, 386 38.6% 38 6 (38.6%) 35.4%, 354 35.4% 35 4 (35.4%) supportmaintenancecleaning support maintenance cleaning 29.9%. 299 29.9% . 29 (29.9%) occupations (EWC) effortreward effort reward 3 Conclusions illness strata attention monitoring COVID1 COVID- 101 01 1,0 SRQ2 SRQ-2 39.9 47.2 (47.2% 38.6 (38.6% 35.4 (35.4% 29.9 (29.9% (EWC 10 0 1, SRQ- 39. 47. (47.2 38. (38.6 35. (35.4 29. (29.9 (47. (38. (35. (29. (47 (38 (35 (29 (4 (3 (2 (

Abstract Objective: analyze the isolated and combined effects of gender, race, and occupational stressors on the mental health of healthcare workers. Methods: cross-sectional study with a random sample of health workers in Bahia, Brazil. The primary exposure variables were gender, race, and occupational stressors, assessed using the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) scale. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) measured common mental disorders (CMD), the outcome variable. The interaction measures were verified based on the additivity criterion by calculating the excess prevalence, excess prevalence ratio, and relative difference. Results: 3,343 workers participated, 77.9% were female. CMD prevalence was 21.7% higher among women, Black people, and those exposed to work stressors. Among Black women in a situation of ERI, the prevalence of CMD was three times higher compared with white men in a situation of balance (reference group). Discussion: black women workers accumulate social disadvantages and are more susceptible to occupations that require more significant effort and less reward. CMD prevalence was higher at the intersection of exposures. Combined effect of the factors exceeded the sum of the isolated effects, demonstrating an interaction between gender, race, and occupational stressors. Objective gender race Methods crosssectional cross sectional Bahia Brazil EffortReward Effort Reward ERI (ERI scale SelfReporting Self Reporting SRQ20 SRQ 20 (SRQ-20 CMD, , (CMD) variable ratio difference Results 3343 3 343 3,34 participated 779 77 9 77.9 female 217 21 7 21.7 people reference group. group . group) Discussion reward exposures SRQ2 2 (SRQ-2 (CMD 334 34 3,3 77. 21. (SRQ- 33 3, (SRQ

Resumo Objetivo: analisar os efeitos isolados e combinados do gênero, da raça e dos estressores ocupacionais sobre a saúde mental de trabalhadores e trabalhadoras da saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal com amostra aleatória de trabalhadores(as) da saúde da Bahia, Brasil. As variáveis de exposição principais foram: gênero, raça e estressores ocupacionais, avaliados por meio da escala de Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa (DER). O Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) mensurou os transtornos mentais comuns (TMC), variável desfecho. As medidas de interação foram verificadas com base no critério da aditividade, pelo cálculo do excesso de prevalência, excesso de razão de prevalência e diferença relativa. Resultados: participaram 3.343 trabalhadores, 77,9% do sexo feminino. A prevalência de TMC foi 21,7% maior entre mulheres, negros e pessoas em situações de exposição aos estressores laborais. Entre as mulheres negras em situação de DER, a prevalência de TMC foi três vezes maior em relação aos homens brancos em situação de equilíbrio (grupo de referência). Discussão: trabalhadoras negras acumulam desvantagens sociais e estão mais suscetíveis a ocupações de maior esforço e menor recompensa. A prevalência de TMC foi superior na intersecção das exposições. O efeito combinado dos fatores excedeu a soma dos efeitos isolados, demonstrando interação entre gênero, raça e estressores ocupacionais. Objetivo gênero Métodos trabalhadoresas trabalhadores(as Bahia Brasil EsforçoRecompensa Esforço Recompensa DER. DER . (DER) SelfReporting Self Reporting SRQ20 SRQ 20 (SRQ-20 TMC, , (TMC) desfecho aditividade relativa Resultados 3343 3 343 3.34 779 77 9 77,9 feminino 217 21 7 21,7 laborais grupo referência. referência referência) Discussão recompensa exposições (DER SRQ2 2 (SRQ-2 (TMC 334 34 3.3 77, 21, (SRQ- 33 3. (SRQ

Anyone who has attended an academic conference will have witnessed the number of exceptional projects and research produced by and conducted at various institutions, often led by one or two well-known professors. Despite mostly limited budgets, these professors, academic "rockstars", if you will, (Smyth, 2017, p. 99) manage to produce many publications in the form of books, reports, policy briefs, op-eds, and attend conferences while managing full teaching loads and supervising lots of postgraduate students. So how do they manage? Without faculty-appointed support, such as Teaching Assistants, these senior academics often use their postgraduate students to do the substantial groundwork in the name of so-called capacity building to get what is known as the much-needed experience they need to advance their careers. In this paper, I discuss toxic academic practices and their impact on new and emerging researchers. Through a critical analysis, I demonstrate that toxic academic practices persist partly because of neoliberal policy contexts created in and through marketisation and techno-rationalism. Using the theoretical lens of Betrayal Trauma Theory (Freyd, 1994) I suggest that creating healthy academic work environments is crucial to realising higher education policy imperatives in South Africa. In this paper, I contribute to an under-discussed challenge in the South African academy, and I highlight how universities, through their philosophies and policies, often reward poor academic behaviour and perpetuate toxic academic environments and discrimination.

Abstract Purpose The aim of the current study is to investigate how consumer performativity is enacted through embodiment transformation, based on the theoretical elaboration of the body in three dimensions, namely: resistance, utopia and desire. Theoretical framework Based on previous literature, the study proposes a theoretical framework when embodiment transformations – i.e., politics, pleasures, and affects – overlap through consumer performativity, evoking Foucauldian concepts to understand the dispositif sustained in a consumption ethos. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted by investigating the cosplay practice based on the use of an ethnographic Foucauldian genealogy. Findings The results evidenced three consumption embodiments based on dispositifs circumscribed amidst pairs of body dimensions: redemption, related to politics; reward, regarding pleasure; and rapport, about affection. Practical & social implications of research Presumably, these representations are evidence of an attempt to improve the body that represents the best way to experience this consumption ethos, which is herein called the "avatar of the self": a governing meta-body used to mediate consumption experiences through performativities. Originality/value Avatar of the self is an interpretation of the theoretical generalization of phenomena of consumption embodiment through performativities. transformation dimensions namely resistance desire literature ie i e i.e. politics pleasures ethos Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach genealogy redemption reward pleasure rapport affection Presumably avatar self" metabody meta performativities Originalityvalue Originality value i.e

ORIENTATION: Pay-for-performance (P4P) system is a crucial organisational strategy to retain and reward employees. However, it is not always well implemented RESEARCH PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to explore the perceptions and psychological experiences of employees about the implemented P4P system at a bank in Polokwane City in Limpopo province MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: The P4P system's objective is to reward great performance. However, it might also be used to punish deserving employees while unjustly and unfairly rewarding the non-deserving employees, leading to negative perceptions and psychological experiences by other employees RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: The study followed qualitative research design, therefore, the 10 conveniently sampled participants' verbatim transcribed semi-structured interviews were analysed and interpreted from the interpretivist paradigm perspective to understand the lived experiences of the employees with regard to how the P4P is implemented at the bank. Content analysis was used to explore the deep, contextual meanings of the participants' words and to extract themes and the subsequent subthemes MAIN FINDINGS: The P4P system was perceived as a great but biased initiative and employees psychologically experienced betrayal and confusion, felt both motivated and demotivated and experienced the P4P as an uninspiring exercise PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The bank should train line managers on how to conduct the appraisal session, more specifically on how to allocate a rating that ultimately determines the rewards. Multiple rating techniques usage and sensitivity training for the line managers might minimise the experienced bias and legitimise the P4P system at the bank. Ultimately, the bank should link performance targets with bonuses to enhance transparency, equity and perceived justice within the system CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: The study makes important first, unique, practical and scientific contributions to employees' perceptions and experiences (psychological experiences) of pay-for-performance in the banking sector. The study also provides valuable insights by exposing the challenges that limit the effectiveness of P4P in the banking sector

ORIENTATION: The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has compelled various organisations to alter their human resource management approaches in response to a challenging work milieu. Providing meaningful rewards is imperative for maintaining employee productivity and business continuity during turmoil. RESEARCH PURPOSE: The main objective of this research was to explore significant incentives for employees of pharmaceutical enterprises amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, this study examined the reward preferences of pharmaceutical professionals in managerial positions concerning their age and gender. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Despite the extensive body of research on rewards during the COVID-19 pandemic, there exists a notable gap in the literature regarding the investigation of total rewards in the pharmaceutical industry from the vantage points of gender and age. RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: A qualitative research approach was followed with data collected from managerial employees in a pharmaceutical company (N = 12). Thematic analyses were applied. MAIN FINDINGS: Overall, the female participants exhibited a greater propensity towards all rewards than male counterparts. The COVID-19 pandemic mostly impacted female Millennials, who identified all aspects of total rewards as crucial. Male Baby Boomers were more inclined towards being incentivised by monetary remuneration than non-monetary perks. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The findings underscore the importance of leaders prioritising human-centred values such as trust, appreciation, interpersonal connections, and collaborative teamwork. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: The study's results prompt researchers and practitioners to reconsider conventional characteristics and incentive inclinations of distinct age cohorts and gender categories, which have undergone modifications because of the COVID-19 outbreak.

ORIENTATION: This study investigates a model linking financial well-being (FWB) and burnout of employees in a South African engineering organisation. RESEARCH PURPOSE: To investigate how personal financial resources and burnout are interrelated, focussing on the roles of satisfaction with remuneration (SWR), personal financial efficacy (PFE), and financial interference (FI). MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: This model could help management, human resources, and employees understand the complex dynamics of these phenomena and reduce burnout by implementing targeted interventions. RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: Purposive sampling (N = 515) was used. Structural equation modelling (SEM) with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural paths were employed. MAIN FINDINGS: The study found that SWR positively impacts positive personal financial well-being (PPFW) and negatively impacts negative personal financial well-being (NPFW). Personal financial efficacy positively affects PPFW and negatively affects NPFW. However, SWR did not significantly impact FI. Negative personal financial well-being strongly contributed to FI, which in turn increased burnout. Contrary to expectations, PPFW did not significantly reduce FI. Additionally, SWR indirectly reduced burnout through NPFW and FI in sequence. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: Organisations should ensure competitive and equitable reward and remuneration strategies to enhance employees' financial well-being and reduce burnout. Financial self-efficacy can be improved through interventions focussing on PFE and integrated financial well-being programmes to mitigate the risk of burnout and its demands on human and organisational resources. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: This study contributes to the limited research on financial well-being and burnout, highlighting the importance of fair remuneration and personal financial resources in promoting employee well-being and reducing burnout.