Abstract (Introduction): Within the framework of the present capitalist system, human beings have become an important polluting agent. Current production and consumption processes do not consider the existence of finite natural resources and a planet incapable of treating the waste that the prevailing way of life generates. Given these circumstances, the study of non-linear models is of interest, which make a more rational use of the waste that the productive activity generates, favoring recycling mechanisms. The phenomenon of recycling becomes particularly relevant in the case of electrical and electronic devices, whose ability to be degraded and metabolized by planet Earth is extremely difficult. (Objective): Evaluate the feasibility of installing and starting a recycling plant for electrical and electronics items in the town of Bahía Blanca (Argentina), during 2021. (Methodology): The conventional method for evaluating investment projects was used, considering technical, legal and economic aspects. (Results): The project is not acceptable according to the profitability intended by the investor. The possibility of financing was also included, which made the project even less profitable, and the sensitivity of the results was measured, finding that the price should be 1.48 % higher than that used in the analysis. (Conclusions): Other alternatives must be explored to make this proposal profitable from an economic and financial point of view.

Resumen (Introducción): En el marco del sistema capitalista vigente, el ser humano se ha transformado en un agente significativo de contaminación. Las dinámicas productivas y de consumo actuales no contemplan la existencia de recursos naturales finitos y de un planeta incapaz de procesar los desperdicios que el modo de vida habitual genera. Dadas estas circunstancias, cobra interés el estudio de modelos no lineales, que hagan un uso más racional de los residuos derivados de la actividad productiva, los cuales favorezcan mecanismos de reciclaje. El fenómeno del reciclaje se vuelve, en particular, relevante para el caso de los artefactos eléctricos y electrónicos; la capacidad del planeta Tierra para degradarlos y metabolizarlos resulta sumamente difícil. (Objetivo): Evaluar la factibilidad de la instalación y puesta en marcha de una planta recicladora de artículos eléctricos y electrónicos en la localidad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), durante el 2021. (Metodología): Se utilizó la metodología convencional de evaluación de proyectos de inversión, considerando aspectos técnicos, legales y económicos. (Resultados): El proyecto no es aceptable según la rentabilidad pretendida por el inversor. También se incluyó la posibilidad de un financiamiento, lo que hizo que el plan fuera menos rentable aún, y se midió la sensibilidad de los resultados: se halló que el precio debiera ser 1.48 % superior al utilizado en el análisis. (Conclusiones): Se deben explorar otras alternativas para lograr que el proyecto sea rentable desde el punto de vista económico-financiero.

This study presents a solution to solid waste problems, focusing on spent lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) and iron ore tailings (IOT) from the Mariana environmental accident in Brazil. The approach involves the production CoFe2O4 from LiBs and IOT, which serves as a catalyst for solar photo-Fenton reactions for methylene blue (MB) decolorization and as an electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid (AA) detection. Chemical analysis showed recycling potential, with 45.22 ± 0.22% m m−1 Co from LiBs and 14.9 ± 1.5% m m−1 Fe from IOT, determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP OES) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The sol-gel synthesized CoFe2O4 exhibited a crystallite size of 51.9 ± 1.3 nm and agglomerated crystal clusters. Recycled-CoFe2O4 exhibited a 98.1% MB decolorization efficiency in 60 min under solar irradiation and remained above 92.3% in all 7 reuse cycles. The electrochemical sensor exhibited a coefficient of determination of 0.9987, a sensitivity of 3.352 ± 0.0428 μA mol L−1, and a limit of detection of 0.5511 µM in the concentration range of 1.96 to 23.08 mmol L−1 for AA detection. This study demonstrates the potential of recycled-CoFe2O4 in an environmentally friendly dye removal and as an electrochemical sensor, offering sustainable waste management and resource utilization with solar energy. problems lithiumion lithium ion (LiBs IOT (IOT Brazil CoFeO CoFe O CoFe2O photoFenton photo Fenton (MB (AA 4522 45 22 45.2 022 0 0.22 m1 1 m− 149 14 9 14. 15 5 1.5 ICP OES FAAS. FAAS . (FAAS) solgel sol gel 519 51 51. 13 3 1. clusters RecycledCoFe2O4 RecycledCoFeO Recycled Recycled-CoFe2O 981 98 98.1 6 923 92 92.3 cycles 09987 9987 0.9987 3352 352 3.35 00428 0428 0.042 L1 L 05511 5511 0.551 196 96 1.9 2308 23 08 23.0 L− recycledCoFe2O4 recycledCoFeO recycled recycled-CoFe2O energy 452 4 2 45. 02 0.2 (FAAS RecycledCoFe RecycledCoFe2O 98. 92. 0998 998 0.998 335 35 3.3 0042 042 0.04 0551 551 0.55 19 230 23. recycledCoFe recycledCoFe2O 0. 099 99 0.99 33 3. 004 04 0.0 055 55 0.5 09 0.9 00 05

ABSTRACT The search for more sustainable systems of rice cultivation, especially in relation to water use, has included the evaluation of more-efficient irrigation systems in addition to alternative water sources. The aim of this study was to conduct a phytosociological survey of weeds in rice crops irrigated by subsurface drip with different concentrations of treated dairy effluent, maintaining the soil moisture at saturation or field capacity. A pilot scale experiment was carried out in a protected environment using a randomised block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The IAC 301 cultivar (Arborio rice) was chosen. The phytosociological surveys were carried out on four different dates, and considered the composition as well as the distribution of plant species in each of the applied treatments, using the importance value index (IVI) to evaluate the influence of each treatment. The results showed that cultivating irrigated rice, giving priority to water management, altered the ecology of invasive plants. Fourteen weed species were identified, distributed over 10 families. The effluent dose did not alter the incidence of invasive plants, and only at the final evaluation was there a reduction in the IVI value at effluent concentrations of 50% and 75%. For soil moisture, the highest IVI values occurred on the first two days of the survey under saturated conditions; this result was reversed closer to plant maturity, when the IVI values were higher at field capacity. cultivation use moreefficient efficient sources capacity scheme replications 30 Arborio chosen dates treatments (IVI treatment management plants identified 1 families 50 75 75% conditions maturity 3 7

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) synthesized in the practical classes of experimental organic chemistry is generally discarded after the classes. Thus, the objective of this work is to find an alternative application for ASA and to promote awareness about the recycling of chemicals in educational and research environments. In addition, it explores the subsequent application of this synthesized ASA in the creation of powdered developers for latent fingerprints. The adopted methodology included the recrystallization of the previously synthesized ASA, followed by the development of three distinct formulations of powdered developers, which include ASA, lignin, and methylene blue. Subsequently, these powders were used to identify latent fingerprints, demonstrating that they are promising substances for such applications. (ASA Thus environments addition fingerprints lignin blue Subsequently applications

ABSTRACT: This study explored the use only of ultrasound (US) for extracting proteins from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) backbones at low temperature and examined its impact on hydrophobicity, solubility, electrophoretic profile, and sulfhydryl levels. Backbones were treated with 35 and 130 kHz for 20, 30, and 40 minutes at 14 ºC, resulting in two protein fractions: solid (TPS) and liquid (TPL). US increased yield compared to the non-sonicated fraction. TPL (35 kHz) exhibited a 16% reduction in total and free sulfhydryl levels and a 25% increase in hydrophobicity. US induced protein conformation and band intensity alterations, particularly between 25 to 100 kDa for TPL at 130 kHz and below 30 kDa for TPS at 35 kHz. This study demonstrated the efficacy of US for protein extraction from fish by-products and its capacity to modify protein characteristics, facilitating the development of innovative food products. ABSTRACT (US Ctenopharyngodon idella hydrophobicity solubility profile 3 13 20 4 1 ºC fractions (TPS TPL. . (TPL) nonsonicated non sonicated fraction (3 16 alterations 2 10 byproducts by products characteristics (TPL (

RESUMO: Este estudo explorou o uso exclusivo do ultrassom (US) para extrair proteínas das espinhas dorsais da carpa-capim (Ctenopharyngodon idella) em baixas temperaturas e examinou seu impacto na hidrofobicidade, solubilidade, perfil eletroforético e níveis de sulfidrilas. As espinhas dorsais foram tratadas com 35 e 130 kHz por 20, 30 e 40 minutos a 14 ºC, resultando em duas frações de proteínas: sólida (TPS) e líquida (TPL). O US aumentou o rendimento em comparação com a fração não sonificada. TPL (35 kHz) apresentou uma redução de 16% nos níveis totais e livres de sulfidrila e um aumento de 25% na hidrofobicidade. O US induziu alterações na conformação proteica e na intensidade das bandas, especialmente entre 25 e 100 kDa para TPL a 130 kHz e abaixo de 30 kDa para TPS a 35 kHz. Este estudo demonstrou a eficácia do US na extração e na modificação de algumas propriedades das proteínas de subprodutos de peixe, facilitando assim seu emprego no desenvolvimento de produtos alimentícios inovadores. RESUMO (US carpacapim carpa capim Ctenopharyngodon idella hidrofobicidade solubilidade sulfidrilas 3 13 20 4 1 ºC (TPS TPL. . (TPL) sonificada (3 16 bandas 2 10 peixe inovadores (TPL (

Abstract Building structures made of cast-in-place reinforced concrete use timber for formwork, struts, scaffolding, safety elements, and temporary construction site structures, which characterize the underutilization of biomaterial in a function of short life cycles and low added value. This work aims to survey timber consumption for temporary purposes in high-rise buildings with reinforced concrete structures cast in loco. Secondary data obtained through a systematic and exploratory review of national and international articles on timber use, reuse, and disposal was used. For studies with primary data for vertical housing buildings, timber consumption per constructed area ranged from 0.002 to 0.054 m³/m². For studies with secondary data and high-rise buildings for different uses, wood consumption ranged from 0.002 to 0.077 m 3 /m 2 . There was variability in the results of 33 times (average), explained by the methods of quantification, applications, and reuse of the material. castinplace place formwork struts scaffolding elements value highrise high rise loco used 0002 0 002 0.00 0054 054 0.05 m³m² mm m³ m² m³/m² uses 0077 077 0.07 average, average , (average) quantification applications material 000 00 0.0 005 05 m³m m³/m 007 07 (average 0.

Resumo Estruturas de edifícios em concreto armado moldado in loco utilizam madeira para fôrmas, escoras, andaimes, elementos de segurança e estruturas provisórias de canteiro, que caracterizam a subutilização do biomaterial em uma função de curto ciclo de vida e baixo valor agregado. O objetivo deste trabalho é levantar o consumo de madeira para fins provisórios em obras verticais com estrutura em concreto armado moldado in loco. Utilizou-se dados secundários obtidos por meio de uma revisão sistemática e exploratória de artigos nacionais e internacionais sobre uso, reuso e descarte da madeira. Para estudos com dados primários de edifícios habitacionais verticais o consumo de madeira por área construída foi de 0,002 a 0,054 m³/m². Para estudos com dados secundários e edifícios verticais de outros usos, o consumo de madeira foi de 0,002 a 0,077 m³/m². Houve variabilidade dos resultados de 33 vezes (média), explicada pelos métodos de quantificação, aplicações e reuso do material. fôrmas escoras andaimes canteiro agregado Utilizouse Utilizou se uso 0002 0 002 0,00 0054 054 0,05 m³m² mm m³ m² m m³/m² usos 0077 077 0,07 3 média, média , (média) quantificação material 000 00 0,0 005 05 m³m m³/m 007 07 (média 0,

Abstract The improper disposal of this waste poses environmental challenges, which can be addressed through effective reuse strategies. This study aims to explore the potential of utilizing marine shell waste as partial substitutes for aggregates in concrete. The research involves investigating the physical characteristics of the recycled aggregate using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques to elucidate the contact surface with the paste. Additionally, chemical and mineralogical characteristics are analyzed through X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction tests. The compressive strength test is conducted on concrete samples to assess the performance of these materials as both aggregate (shell type A) and filler (shell type B). The findings indicate that replacing up to 20% of marine shells as coarse aggregate and 10% as filler demonstrates feasibility for applications in structural concrete. Furthermore, up to 30% replacement can be directed towards non-structural concrete, providing a comprehensive understanding of the potential applications of marine shell residues in concrete production. challenges strategies AFM (AFM SEM (SEM paste Additionally Xray X ray tests A B. B . B) 20 10 Furthermore 30 nonstructural non production 2 1 3

Resumo As atividades de mariscagem e malacocultura produzem uma grande quantidade de resíduos sólidos compostos por conchas marinhas. O impacto ambiental do descarte inadequado pode ser atenuado com estratégias de reaproveitamento. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a viabilidade do uso de resíduo de conchas marinhas com substituintes parciais de agregados no concreto. As características físicas do agregado reciclado foram investigadas através das técnicas de Microscopia de Força Atômica (MFA) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) a fim de esclarecer aspectos da superfície de contato com a pasta; as características químicas e mineralógicas foram investigadas por meio dos ensaios de fluorescência de raios-X e difração de raios-X; e o ensaio de resistência à compressão foi conduzido em amostras de concreto foram moldadas para avaliação do comportamento destes materiais do comportamento destes materiais como agregado (concha tipo A) e fíler (concha tipo B). Concluiu-se que o uso de até 20% de substituição de concha marinha como agregado graúdo e 10% como filer mostrou viabilidade para aplicações em concretos estruturais e, de forma complementar, teores de até 30% podem ser direcionados à concretos não estruturais. reaproveitamento MFA (MFA MEV (MEV pasta raiosX raios X A B. B . B) Concluiuse Concluiu se 20 10 complementar 30 2 1 3

Abstract Sanitary ware waste (RLS) is proposed as an ecologically environmental alternative, replacing fine aggregates and gravel, used in the production of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The environmental efficiency in energy life cycles and carbon dioxide emissions of SCC with different mixtures of RLS, were compared with the self-compacting concrete without RLS (CAA_REF). The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) showed that the replacement of RLS aggregates in CAA_REF, can generate an absolute reduction of approximately 45.42 MJ/m³ and 2.67 kg of CO2/m³ respectively, which corresponds to reductions of 2.2% and 0.6%. It was also verified that the use of an indicator of eco-efficiency of the environmental behavior in relation to the parameter mechanical resistance to compression, can contribute and be adequate in projects of dosages of SCC. Thus, it was observed that the use of RLS can contribute to environmental sustainability, reducing the inadequate disposal of RLS in the environment and implementing an adequate reuse. (RLS alternative gravel selfcompacting self compacting . (SCC) CAA_REF. CAAREF CAA_REF CAA REF (CAA_REF) LCA (LCA 4542 45 42 45.4 MJm³ MJm MJ m³ m MJ/m 267 2 67 2.6 CO2m³ COm CO2 CO CO2/m respectively 22 2.2 06 0 6 0.6% ecoefficiency eco compression Thus sustainability reuse (SCC (CAA_REF 454 4 45. 26 2. CO2m 0.6 0.

Resumo O resíduo de louça sanitária (RLS) é alvitrado como uma alternativa ecologicamente ambiental, em substituição aos agregados finos e pedriscos, empregados na produção de concretos autoadensáveis (CAA). A eficiência ambiental nos ciclos de vida energético e das emissões de dióxido de carbono de CAA com diferentes misturas de RLS, foram comparadas com o concreto autoadensável sem RLS (CAA_REF). A Análise do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) evidenciou que a substituição de agregados de RLS em CAA_REF, pode gerar uma redução absoluta de aproximadamente 34,70 MJ/m³ e 2,07 kg de CO2/m³, respectivamente, o que corresponde a reduções de 1,5% e 0,5%. Verificou-se ainda que o uso de um indicador de ecoeficiência do comportamento ambiental em relação ao parâmetro resistência mecânica à compressão, pode contribuir e ser adequado em projetos de dosagens de CAA. Assim, observou-se que o uso de RLS, pode colaborar para a sustentabilidade ambiental, reduzindo a disposição inadequada dos RLS no meio ambiente e implementado um reuso adequado. (RLS pedriscos . (CAA) CAA_REF. CAAREF CAA_REF REF (CAA_REF) ACV (ACV 3470 34 70 34,7 MJm³ MJm MJ m³ m MJ/m 207 2 07 2,0 CO2m³ COm CO2 CO CO2/m³ respectivamente 15 1 5 1,5 05 0 0,5% Verificouse Verificou se compressão Assim observouse observou (CAA (CAA_REF 347 3 7 34, 20 2, CO2m CO2/m 1, 0,5 0,

Abstract Long-life packaging is being used informally as an alternative to improve thermal insulation in single-family wooden houses. Its usage is backed by environmental concerns to reuse these solid residues as a radiant barrier for heat transmission. However, some published studies have only analyzed its thermal insulation efficiency, without considering the material performance in fire situations. Given this scenario, the objective of this research is to present the analysis and classification to a fire reaction of long-life packaging. In addition to the non-combustibility test, ignitability, radiant wall panel, optical smoke density and single burn item (SBI) tests were carried out. The results showed that the material is combustible and is classified as fire reaction class VI, according to the criteria for special materials. Thus, on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that long-life packaging should not be used as a lining for the internal surfaces of buildings. Longlife Long life singlefamily family houses transmission However efficiency situations scenario longlife long noncombustibility non combustibility test ignitability panel SBI (SBI out VI materials Thus study buildings

Resumo As embalagens do tipo “longa-vida” estão sendo utilizadas, informalmente, como alternativa para melhorar o isolamento térmico em edificações residenciais unifamiliares de madeira. Sua utilização é justificada por questões ambientais, a fim de reaproveitar estes resíduos sólidos urbanos, e por sua caraterística como barreira radiante na transmissão de calor. Porém, alguns estudos publicados analisaram apenas sua eficiência no isolamento térmico, sem considerar o comportamento do material em situações de incêndio. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a análise e classificação de reação ao fogo de embalagens cartonadas do tipo “longa vida”. Além do ensaio de não combustibilidade, foram realizados testes de ignitabilidade, painel radiante de parede, densidade ótica de fumaça e single burn item (SBI). Os resultados evidenciaram que o material é combustível, sendo classificado com classe de reação ao fogo VI, conforme critérios para materiais especiais. Sendo assim, com base nos resultados encontrados, pode-se indicar que as embalagens cartonadas não devem ser utilizadas como um produto para revestir o interior de edificações. longavida longa vida “longa-vida informalmente madeira ambientais urbanos calor Porém incêndio assim vida. . vida” combustibilidade ignitabilidade parede SBI. SBI (SBI) combustível VI especiais encontrados podese pode se (SBI

Abstract The objective of this study is to characterize the industrial solid waste generated by a geopolymeric composites precast industry in Goiás and use them in the production of mortar, in partial replacement of cement in the contents of 5%, 10%, 15% and 25%, due to its probable pozzolanic effect. For the research the residue underwent crushing in a hammer mill and sieving in a #40 mesh conducted in the industry itself. Then, physical-chemical analyzes were conducted to verify if the residue meets the parameters established by NBR 12653 (ABNT, 2014) Pozzolanic Materials - Requirements. The residue showed potential to be used as pozzolana, as in the particle size analysis only 19% was retained on sieve #325 and the moisture content also met the parameters of the aforementioned standard. However, the fire loss content and the alkali content available in ���� 2 �� were higher than the standard requirements, because the residue contains tire shavings and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in its composition. In relation to the performance index with Portland cement at 28 days, the mortar with 5% residue in its composition met the standard conditions, but the performance with lime did not obtain the desired result, as the resistance decreased. After analysis, it has been realized that the residue does not qualify as pozzolan but can be used as a filler. 5 10 10% 15 25 25% effect 40 #4 itself Then physicalchemical physical chemical 1265 ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2014 Requirements pozzolana 19 325 #32 However ��� � requirements NaOH (NaOH days conditions result decreased filler 1 4 # 126 201 32 #3 12 20 3

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é caracterizar os resíduos sólidos industriais gerados por uma indústria goiana de pré-moldados de compósitos geopoliméricos e utilizá-los na produção de argamassa, em substituição parcial ao cimento nos teores de 5%, 10%, 15% e 25%, devido ao seu provável efeito pozolânico. Para a pesquisa o resíduo passou por trituração em moinho martelo e peneiramento em malha #40 realizados na própria indústria. Em seguida, foram realizadas análises físico-químicas para verificar se o resíduo atende aos parâmetros estabelecidos pela NBR 12653 (ABNT, 2014b) Materiais Pozolânicos - Requisitos. O resíduo apresentou potencial para ser utilizado como pozolana, pois na análise granulométrica apenas 19% ficaram retidos na peneira #325 e o teor de umidade também atendeu aos parâmetros da referida norma. No entanto o teor de perda ao fogo e o teor de álcalis disponíveis em Na 2 �� foram maiores do que os requisitos da norma, devido ao fato de o resíduo possuir em sua composição, raspas de pneu e hidróxido de sódio (NaOH). Em relação ao índice de desempenho com cimento Portland aos 28 dias, a argamassa que possui em sua composição 5% de resíduo atendeu as condições da norma, mas o desempenho com cal não obteve o resultado desejado, pois a resistência diminuiu. Após análise, percebeu-se que o resíduo não se enquadra como pozolana, mas pode ser usado como enchimento. prémoldados pré moldados utilizálos utilizá los 5 10 10% 15 25 25% pozolânico 40 #4 seguida físicoquímicas físico químicas 1265 ABNT, ABNT (ABNT 2014b b Requisitos pozolana 19 325 #32 norma � NaOH. NaOH . (NaOH) dias desejado diminuiu percebeuse percebeu enchimento 1 4 # 126 32 #3 (NaOH 12 3

Abstract The quarry-workshops are ancient lithic landscapes that are socially significant and traditional. The aim of this work was to analyze the technological activities and the persistent use of space in a quarry-workshop landscape in Antofagasta de la Sierra (Catamarca province, Argentina). For this purpose, techno-typological studies of lithic assemblages sampled in different sectors of the quarry-workshop landscape were carried out, together with an analysis of differential stages of eolian abrasion. The quarry-workshop landscape has activity areas under open sky and repair where core reduction, blank extraction and tool knapping were carried out. The presence of techno-technological diagnostic tools (e.g., bifaces, bifacial thinning flakes, preforms and projectile points) indicated the activities of hunter-gatherer groups that occupied the region in different time periods. On the other hand, the information from the different stages of eolian abrasion allowed a chronological approach to the knapping events that gave rise to this ancient landscape. In addition, the analysis of the differential stages of abrasion made it possible to recognize cases of artifact reclamation and the reuse of task spaces in a persistent way. In sum, the data recovered from the analysis of the lithic assemblages made it possible to confirm the continuous procurement of raw materials and the sustained use of space at different moments of the local time sequence. In fact, the conformation of this ancient social landscape occurred continuously from the early Holocene and early middle Holocene.

Resumen Las canteras-taller conforman paisajes líticos antiguos que son socialmente significativos y tradicionales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las actividades tecnológicas y el uso persistente del espacio en un paisaje de canteras-taller de Antofagasta de la Sierra (provincia de Catamarca, Argentina). Para tal fin se llevaron a cabo estudios tecno-tipológicos de conjuntos líticos muestreados en diferentes sectores del paisaje de canteras-taller, junto a un análisis de estadios diferenciales de abrasión eólica. El paisaje de canteras-taller cuenta con áreas de actividad a cielo abierto y bajo reparo donde se realizaron tareas de reducción de núcleos, extracción de formas-base y formatización de instrumentos. La presencia de artefactos tecno-tipológicamente diagnósticos (por ejemplo, bifaces, lascas de adelgazamiento bifacial, preformas y puntas de proyectil) dio cuenta de actividades de grupos cazadores-recolectores que ocuparon la región en diferentes lapsos temporales. Por su parte, la información reunida de los distintos estadios de abrasión eólica permitió efectuar una aproximación cronológica relativa a los eventos de talla que dieron origen a este antiguo paisaje. Además, el análisis de los estadios diferenciales de abrasión posibilitó reconocer casos de reclamación de artefactos y la reutilización de espacios de tareas de manera persistente. En suma, los datos recobrados del análisis de los conjuntos líticos posibilitaron constatar el aprovisionamiento continuo de materias primas y el uso permanente del espacio en diferentes momentos de la secuencia temporal local. En efecto, la conformación de este antiguo paisaje social se dio de manera sostenida desde el Holoceno temprano e inicios del Holoceno medio.

RESUMEN El desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones han propiciado cambios en el ámbito educativo con la creación de nuevos espacios formativos y contenidos digitales. En este contexto se impone la necesidad de desarrollar habilidades digitales en los docentes específicamente en el diseño y uso de los objetos de aprendizaje en función del perfeccionamiento de los métodos pedagógicos en el proceso de enseñanza. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo proponer un modelo de gestión de aprendizaje en función del proceso de formación de los docentes de la Universidad de Pinar del Río Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca. En la investigación fueron utilizados métodos teóricos, empíricos y como método rector el materialista -dialectico. Los resultados permitieron describir escenarios donde se identifican las principales limitaciones de los profesores en el desarrollo de sus habilidades digitales para la gestión de los objetos de aprendizaje para el proceso de formación. El modelo que se presenta es sistémico, participativo pues la construcción de un OA puede realizarse de forma colectiva y tiene en cuenta aspectos como creación, conservación y transferencia a partir de herramientas que posibilitan el uso y reutilización de estos recursos propiciando a su vez la integración en el proceso docente.

ABSTRACT The development of information and communications technologies has led to changes in the educational field with the creation of new training spaces and digital content. In this context, the need to develop digital skills in teachers is imposed, specifically in the design and use of learning objects based on the improvement of pedagogical methods in the teaching process. The objective of this article is to propose a learning management model based on the teacher training process from the University of Pinar del Río Hermanos Saíz Montes de Oca. Theoretical and empirical methods were used in the research, and the materialist-dialectical method was used as the guiding method. The results allowed us to describe scenarios where the main limitations of teachers in the development of their digital skills for the management of learning objects for the training process are identified. The model presented is systemic, participatory since the construction of an LO can be carried out collectively and takes into account aspects such as creation, conservation and transfer from tools that enable the use and reuse of these resources, in turn promoting integration. in the teaching process.

Resumen: Podríamos caracterizar ambos proyectos en esta sección como “buenos vecinos”, cada uno ofreciendo espacios que trascienden sus roles institucionales y se conectan con la comunidad de manera independiente. En el Parque Nanhu, en Mengzi, China, la Librería Avant-Garde subvierte los ideales modernistas de claridad y funcionalidad de las circulaciones con un giro escheriano. Escaleras, rampas y superficies inclinadas configuran rutas múltiples y superpuestas a través del edificio, creando intercambios inesperados con su interior. La terraza pública en la cubierta y la estructura parcialmente elevada extienden los itinerarios y programas del parque al edificio, integrando asimismo la experiencia de la lectura en el paisaje que lo rodea. En Bruselas, la escasez de espacio para escuelas secundarias llevó a dos municipios vecinos de Bélgica a adquirir un edificio de oficinas y encargar su transformación en la Escuela Karreveld. El proyecto se desarrolló en dos fases: la primera conservó la estructura y priorizó la reutilización de los materiales existentes. La segunda fase introdujo dos nuevos volúmenes para acomodar funciones adicionales. Estrategicamente ubicados, los nuevos pabellones liberan el exterior para áreas de recreación vecinales. Accesos independientes permiten el uso del pabellón deportivo fuera del horario escolar, respondiendo tanto a las necesidades de la escuela como a las del barrio.

Abstract: We could characterize both projects in this section as “good neighbors,” each offering spaces that transcend their institutional roles and engage the community independently. In Nanhu Park, in Mengzi, China, the Avant-Garde Bookstore subverts modernist ideals of the clarity and functionality of circulations with an Escherian twist. Stairs, ramps, and inclined surfaces configure multiple and overlapping routes through the building, offering unexpected exchanges with its interior. The public rooftop terrace and the partially elevated structure extend the park’s public itineraries and programs into the building, and by the same token, integrate books and the act of reading into the park’s landscape. In Brussels, the shortage of space for secondary schools led two neighboring municipalities in Belgium to acquire an office building and commission its transformation into the Karreveld School. The project was developed in two phases: the first preserved the structure and prioritized the reuse of existing materials. The second phase introduced two new volumes to accommodate additional functions. Strategically placed, the new pavilions free up exterior space for neighborhood recreational areas. Independent access points allow the sports pavilion to be used outside school hours, serving the needs of the school and the neighborhood.

Resumen: Podríamos caracterizar ambos proyectos en esta sección como “buenos vecinos”, cada uno ofreciendo espacios que trascienden sus roles institucionales y se conectan con la comunidad de manera independiente. En el Parque Nanhu, en Mengzi, China, la Librería Avant-Garde subvierte los ideales modernistas de claridad y funcionalidad de las circulaciones con un giro escheriano. Escaleras, rampas y superficies inclinadas configuran rutas múltiples y superpuestas a través del edificio, creando intercambios inesperados con su interior. La terraza pública en la cubierta y la estructura parcialmente elevada extienden los itinerarios y programas del parque al edificio, integrando asimismo la experiencia de la lectura en el paisaje que lo rodea. En Bruselas, la escasez de espacio para escuelas secundarias llevó a dos municipios vecinos de Bélgica a adquirir un edificio de oficinas y encargar su transformación en la Escuela Karreveld. El proyecto se desarrolló en dos fases: la primera conservó la estructura y priorizó la reutilización de los materiales existentes. La segunda fase introdujo dos nuevos volúmenes para acomodar funciones adicionales. Estrategicamente ubicados, los nuevos pabellones liberan el exterior para áreas de recreación vecinales. Accesos independientes permiten el uso del pabellón deportivo fuera del horario escolar, respondiendo tanto a las necesidades de la escuela como a las del barrio.

Abstract: We could characterize both projects in this section as “good neighbors,” each offering spaces that transcend their institutional roles and engage the community independently. In Nanhu Park, in Mengzi, China, the Avant-Garde Bookstore subverts modernist ideals of the clarity and functionality of circulations with an Escherian twist. Stairs, ramps, and inclined surfaces configure multiple and overlapping routes through the building, offering unexpected exchanges with its interior. The public rooftop terrace and the partially elevated structure extend the park’s public itineraries and programs into the building, and by the same token, integrate books and the act of reading into the park’s landscape. In Brussels, the shortage of space for secondary schools led two neighboring municipalities in Belgium to acquire an office building and commission its transformation into the Karreveld School. The project was developed in two phases: the first preserved the structure and prioritized the reuse of existing materials. The second phase introduced two new volumes to accommodate additional functions. Strategically placed, the new pavilions free up exterior space for neighborhood recreational areas. Independent access points allow the sports pavilion to be used outside school hours, serving the needs of the school and the neighborhood.

Resumen La fortuna de los especialistas del fenómeno del orfismo ha experimentado un giro espectacular con el descubrimiento relativamente reciente realizado por Giulia Rossetto, quien identificó un texto en hexámetros desconocido hasta la fecha en un palimpsesto cuya scriptio superior es un texto en árabe sobre la vida de unos santos. Este texto destaca por su lenguaje literario artificial, propio del género épico, y se distingue por la presencia abundante de discursos directos. Su estilo es arcaizante, ya que se reutilizan fórmulas homéricas, aunque también resuenan expresiones de otros textos (Rossetto 2021), entre los que se destacan las Rapsodias, las Dionisíacas de Nono y los Himnos órficos. La conexión entre los hexámetros de Sinaí y otros textos sigue aun sin definirse, especialmente en cuanto a la dirección de su influencia. En este trabajo, tras presentar las condiciones del códice y las características materiales del texto, así como una introducción a su contenido, se discutirán algunas de las posturas críticas que ha suscitado este hallazgo.

Abstract Orphic studies specialists have recently been fortunate due to Giulia Rossetto's discovery of an unknown hexameter text within a palimpsest, which had Arabic script on its surface. This text stands out for its artificial literary language, typical of the epic tradition, and the presence of direct speech. Its archaic style is characterized by the reuse of Homeric formulas and echoes phrases from various texts, such as the Rhapsodies, Nonnus' Dionysiaca, and the Orphic Hymns (Rossetto, 2021). The intertextual links between the Sinai hexameters and these texts, especially the direction of their influence, are yet to be established. This paper will detail the codex's condition, describe the text's material features, summarize its content, and explore the academic discussion it has ignited.