Resumen: La importancia de la educación financiera y su relación con la población en edad de retiro, 65 y más años, que aumentará en los próximos años en México, es motivo para estudiar los posibles escenarios económicos a los que se enfrentará. El estudio exploratorio y comparativo tiene como primer objetivo evaluar la pensión por jubilación de dos casos de trabajadores de la Secretaría de Seguridad Pública del Estado de Veracruz (SSP), desglosando las percepciones que recibe como parte de la nómina, enfatizando la percepción denominada sueldo, ya que este será el monto mensual de una pensión por jubilación; y como segundo planear un retiro digno a través del producto financiero llamado Administradora de Fondos para el Retiro (AFORE). Se concluye que el optar por un producto AFORE tiene un impacto positivo para un retiro digno, de ahí la importancia de la educación financiera para tener conocimientos y planear y administrar el dinero.

Abstract: The importance of financial education and its relationship with the population of retirement age, 65 and over, which will increase in the coming years in Mexico, is a reason to study the possible economic scenarios that it will face. The first objective of the exploratory and comparative study is to evaluate the retirement pension of two cases of workers of the Secretariat of Public Security of the State of Veracruz (SSP), breaking down the perceptions received as part of the payroll, emphasizing the perception called salary, since this will be the monthly amount of a retirement pension; and secondly, plan a decent retirement through the financial product called Retirement Fund Administrator (AFORE). It is concluded that opting for an AFORE product has a positive impact on a dignified retirement, hence the importance of financial education to have knowledge and plan and manage money.

Abstract The place of residence is conditioned by multiple factors, namely proximity to the place of work, which is of considerable importance. The moment of retirement can be an opportunity to change this location, particularly if the contexts of that residence are perceived as less favorable to aging. Starting from the question “After the reform, do you plan to continue living in the same location?”, this article aims to identify the intention of adults between 55 and 64 years old (n=161) living in urban and rural contexts in the interior of Portugal to keep or change residence. The results reveal significant differences, with residents in rural areas, with a higher incidence among those still working, expressing a greater willingness to change location and residents in urban areas wanting to keep their place of residence. Less availability of services and greater difficulty in accessing, particularly health care, seem to explain the different trend of future residence of residents in rural areas. The evaluation of the state of health in the last five years is also more negative among those who live in rural areas and those who express an intention to change location. We conclude that if the existence of work contributes to the settling of people in rural areas, health conditions and greater difficulty in accessing health services are factors for the depopulation of rural areas.

Resumo O local de residência é condicionado por múltiplos fatores, nomeadamente a proximidade do local de trabalho que tem uma importância considerável. O momento da reforma pode ser uma oportunidade para a mudança desse local, particularmente se os contextos dessa residência forem percebidos como menos favoráveis ao envelhecimento. Partindo da questão “Depois da reforma, pensa continuar a viver na mesma localidade?”, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar a intenção dos adultos entre os 55 e 64 anos (n=161) residentes em contextos urbanos e rurais no interior de Portugal em manter-se ou mudar de residência. Os resultados revelam diferenças significativas, com os residentes em meio rural, com maior incidência entre os que ainda trabalham, a manifestar maior vontade de mudar de localidade e os residentes em meio urbano a querer manter a localidade de residência. A menor disponibilidade de serviços e maior dificuldade no acesso, particularmente na área da saúde, parecem explicar a diferente tendência de residência futura dos residentes em meio rural. Também a autoavaliação do estado de saúde nos últimos cinco anos é mais negativa entre os que residem em meio rural e os que manifestam intenção de mudar de localidade. Conclui-se que se a existência de trabalho contribui para a fixação das pessoas em meio rural já as condições de saúde e a maior dificuldade no acesso aos serviços de saúde são fatores para o despovoamento dos meios rurais.

Résumé Le lieu de résidence est conditionné par de multiples facteurs, à savoir la proximité avec le lieu de travail, qui revêt une importance considérable. Le moment de la retraite peut être l'occasion de changer de lieu, notamment si les contextes de cette résidence sont perçus comme moins favorables au vieillissement. En partant de la question “Après la réforme, envisagez-vous de continuer à vivre au même endroit?, cette étude a comme objectif d'identifier l'intention des adultes entre 55 et 64 ans (n=161), vivant dans des contextes urbains et ruraux à l'intérieur du Portugal, à maintenir ou à changer de résidence. Les résultats présentent des différences significatives: les résidents des zones rurales, avec une incidence plus élevée parmi ceux qui travaillent encore, expriment une plus grande volonté de changer de lieu et les résidents des zones urbaines souhaitent conserver leur lieu de résidence. Une moindre disponibilité des services et une plus grande difficulté d'accès, notamment aux services de santé, semblent expliquer l'évolution différente de la future résidence des résidents en milieu rural. L'auto-évaluation de l'état de santé au cours des cinq dernières années est également plus négative parmi ceux qui vivent en milieu rural et ceux qui expriment une intention de changer de lieu. On peut conclure que, si l'existence d'un travail contribue à maintenir les populations en milieu rural, les conditions sanitaires et une plus grande difficulté d'accès aux services de santé sont des facteurs de dépeuplement des zones rurales.

Resumen El lugar de residencia se encuentra condicionado por múltiples factores, en especial la proximidad al lugar de trabajo, que tiene una importancia considerable. El momento de la jubilación puede ser una oportunidad para cambiar el lugar de residencia, sobre todo si los contextos de esta residencia se perciben como menos favorables al envejecimiento. Partiendo de la pregunta “¿Después de la jubilación, tiene pensado seguir viviendo en la misma vivienda?”, este artículo tiene como objetivo identificar la intención de los adultos entre 55 y 64 años (n=161) que viven en contextos urbanos y rurales en el interior de Portugal de mantenerse o cambiar de residencia. Los resultados revelan diferencias significativas, siendo los residentes en zonas rurales, con mayor incidencia entre los que siguen trabajando, los que expresan una mayor disposición a cambiar de ubicación, al tiempo que los residentes en zona urbana quieren mantener su lugar de residencia. La menor disponibilidad de servicios y la mayor dificultad de acceso a los servicios de salud parecen explicar la diferente tendencia de residencia futura de los residentes en áreas rurales. Así mismo, la autoevaluación del estado de salud en los últimos cinco años es más negativa entre las personas que viven en zonas rurales y entre las que expresan su intención de cambiar de ubicación. Podemos concluir que, si bien la existencia de puestos de trabajo contribuye al asentamiento de las personas en las zonas rurales, las condiciones de salud y la mayor dificultad para acceder a los servicios de salud son los factores que atenúan la despoblación de las zonas rurales.

Abstract Pozner, R.; F. Cápula, G. Couso & G. Blanco. 2023. The historical building of Instituto de Botánica Darwinion in San Isidro: the silent message of Dr. Cristóbal M. Hicken’s legacy. Darwiniana, nueva serie 11(1): 180-245. The Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (CONICET and ANCEFyN) was founded by the end of 1910 in the San Martín district by Cristóbal María Hicken as his private botanical research laboratory. Its name honors Charles Darwin for his brilliant theory of biological evolution. In 1924, Cristóbal M. Hicken made public his desire to bequeath the Instituto de Botánica Darwinion to the National State, a fact that only materialized in 1934. But in the early ‘30s, he decided to move the Instituto de Botánica Darwinion to a new building located in the San Isidro district, built especially to contain the institute and also his retirement home. After 87 years of existence and five building extensions, the historic building of the Instituto de Botánica Darwinion of San Isidro maintains its integrity and attracts the attention of both the public and architecture and design professionals. Based on the study of building characteristics and the thought of Cristóbal M. Hicken, the main objective of this work is to evaluate whether the external and internal structure of the historic Darwinion building in San Isidro, together with the ornamentation and distribution of original functions of each room, respond only to an aesthetic and functional design or if, in addition, they have a symbolic meaning, a vision of the world, a silent message for those who want (and know how) to understand. With this central purpose as a guide, we carried out a multidisciplinary investigation to reconstruct Cristóbal M. Hicken’s vision in the design of the Instituto de Botánica Darwinion of San Isidro. We started from the analysis of the original building in the San Martín district in search of any possible design background, to then focus the attention entirely on the building in San Isidro. Plans, public documents, correspondence, historical photographs, academic and dissemination articles of the time, pre-Hispanic South American ethnographic information, Argentine historical information between 1860 and 1930, and interviews with relatives and historians were studied. In short, the Instituto de Botánica Darwinion in San Isidro was created as a museum and a laboratory plus a home. The design of the museum agrees with the concept of “temple of Botany” manifested by Cristóbal M. Hicken himself, and whose first sign is observed in the etymology of the name of the institute. Its ornamentation is eclectic, since it combines symbols of Andean pre-Hispanic cultures with symbols of Western civilization, and it is structured according to each room (portal, front rooms, herbarium, library) and orientation (towards the street or towards the inner garden). This ornamentation works like a discourse in symbolic key with multiple messages for the visitor: it reflects an original, foundational, and ancient Argentine identity, which in turn communicates that the Darwinion is a place where a silent and fertile unveiling of the knowledge, of the secrets of evolution, takes place protected from evils and misfortunes by Nature itself. The design plan of the institute, the portal, the access terrace, and the internal garden convey desirable masonic values through the symbolic language, typical and traditional of Freemasonry. Likewise, we show evidence of Dr. Cristóbal M. Hicken’s great interest in Andean pre-Hispanic cultures, of his refined knowledge of Greco-Roman mythology, his belonging to Argentine Freemasonry and consequent ability to symbolic language, and his knowledge of construction, cosmology, and analytic geometry. For these reasons, and considering his participation in the supervision of the building work declared by the newspapers of his time, the probable direct intervention of Cristóbal M. Hicken is proposed both in the design of the building of the Instituto de Botánica Darwinion of San Isidro, as well as in the design of its ornamentation. In addition, evidence is provided of the possible intervention of Arturo Prins and Fernando de Estrada in the project of the building.

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Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar el costo del retiro anticipado de los métodos de planificación familiar. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de costo efectuado con base en los expedientes de usuarias de métodos de planificación familiar en una institución de salud del estado de Querétaro, México (2018 a 2021). La unidad de observación fue el expediente de mujeres que se retiraron anticipadamente los métodos: dispositivo intaruterino T de cobre (DiuTcu), Diu Mirena (DiuM) e implante subdérmico (IMSD). Se definió como retiro anticipado al sucedido antes del tiempo estimado de uso. Se analizaron todos los expedientes en donde estaba registrado el retiro anticipado. Se incluyó a toda la población, de ahí que no fue necesario establecer el tamaño de muestra. El costo del retiro anticipado se identificó a partir del costo unitario del método, tiempo esperado de uso y tiempo de no uso. El análisis estadístico incluyó: promedios, porcentajes, intervalos de confianza y proyecciones, para esto se utilizaron supuestos. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 1361 expedientes. El costo unitario del retiro anticipado del DiuTcu fue de 5.59 pesos (IC95%: 5.04 a 6.14), del DiuM de 1210.73 pesos (IC95%: 1029.58 a 1391.87) y del IMSD de 658.41 pesos (IC95%: 557.37 a 759.44). La proyección a la población mexicana del costo del retiro anticipado de los métodos de planificación familiar es 219,272,470 de pesos. CONCLUSIÓN: El costo del retiro anticipado de los métodos de planificación familiar es alto.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost of early removal of family planning methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cost study realized in records of women users of family planning method in a health institution in Querétaro, Mexico from 2018 to 2021. The unit of observation was considered to be the records of women who had early removal of the copper IUD, Mirena IUD and subdermal implant methods. Early removal was defined as the retirement of the method before the estimated time of use. Work was done with the total number of records (1361), with early removal in 148 (83 copper IUDs, 28 Mirena IUDs, 37 subdermal implants). The entire population was included, so no sampling technique was used. The cost of early removal was identified from the unit cost of the method, expected time of use, time of non-use. The statistical analysis plan included averages, percentages, confidence intervals and projections for which assumptions were used. RESULTS: The unit cost of early removal of copper IUD was $5.59 (95% CI; 5.04-6.14), Mirena IUD $1210.73 (95% CI; 1029.58 - 1391.87) Subdermal implant $658.41 (95% CI; 557.37- 759.44). The projection to the Mexican population of the cost of early removal of family planning methods is $359, 384,161. CONCLUSION: The cost of early removal of family planning methods is high.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to compare the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among Physical Education professionals in the Northeast and South of Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study. Data collection took place digitally. Through Google® Forms, a questionnaire was created, with multiple choice questions disseminated through the social networks Whatsapp®, Instagram@ and Facebook@. A total of 746 participants answered the questionnaire, 50.8% from the South Region and 49.2% from the Northeast Region. Regarding education and professional activity, most had graduated for up to 10 years (59.5%), had a full degree or both (61.3%) and worked in the private/liberal professional sector (52%). Considering financial and health planning issues, most participants were the main household income provider (64.9%), had no financial reserve (75.9%), nor had a health plan (58.6 %) or retirement plan (67%). Regarding attitudes and risks in the face of the pandemic, 94.5% of Physical Education professionals said they were in isolation. It can be concluded that the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on Physical Education professionals. The ban on professional practice caused by social isolation demonstrated a profession with little planning and a vulnerable financial situation regardless of the Brazilian region.

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral comparar o impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 entre profissionais de Educação Física do Nordeste e do Sul do Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter transversal. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio digital. Através dos Formulários Google® foi criado um questionário, com perguntas de múltipla escolha, sendo este disseminado por meio das redes sociais Whatsapp®, Instagram@ e Facebook@. Foram investigados um total de 746 participantes, sendo 50,8% da Região Sul e 49,2% da Região Nordeste. Com relação à formação e atuação profissional, a maioria tinha até 10 anos de formado (59,5%), possuíam licenciatura plena ou as ambas as modalidades (61,3%) e atuavam no Setor privado/profissional liberal (52%). Considerando-se as questões de planejamento financeiro e de saúde, a maioria dos participantes era o principal mantenedor da casa (64,9%), não tinham realizado reserva financeira (75,9%), nem tinham plano de saúde (58,6%) ou de aposentadoria (67%). Com relação às atitudes e riscos frente à pandemia, um total de 94,5% dos profissionais de Educação Física afirmou estar em isolamento. Pode-se concluir que os efeitos da pandemia da Covid-19 sobre os profissionais de Educação Física foram impactantes. A proibição do exercício profissional provocada pelo isolamento social demonstrou uma profissão com pouco planejamento e vulnerável situação financeira independente da região brasileira de atuação.

RESUMO Em 2009, na Argentina, o Monotributo Social Agropecuário (MSA) foi criado a partir de um convênio entre o Ministério da Produção e o Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social. Foi um instrumento para que os agricultores familiares pudessem, por um lado, faturar sua produção nos canais de venda e, por outro, ter acesso à aposentadoria e ao plano médico obrigatório. Ao contrário de outras categorias de impostos, o MSA tinha custo zero para os beneficiários.Este artigo busca analisar esse dispositivo de governo sob a perspectiva da legibilidade. As narrativas que são produzidas a partir das instituições envolvidas na criação do Monotributo Social Agropecuário referem-se ao reconhecimento de direitos e acesso à formalidade de vendas para os pequenos produtores. O faturamento da produção permitiu que esses sujeitos formalizassem seus ingressos. A estratégia metodológica proposta neste trabalho combina a análise de documentos oficiais de políticas estaduais e a análise do registro de observação e participação nas mobilizações e intervenções ocorridas no inverno de 2018 na Cidade Autónoma de Buenos Aires no contexto da mudança de regime tributário.

ABSTRACT In 2009 in Argentina the Monotributo Social Agropecuario (MSA) was created from an agreement between the Ministry of Production and the Ministry of Social Development. It was an instrument for family farmers to be able, on one hand, to invoice their production through sales channels and, on the other, to access retirement contributions and a mandatory medical plan. Unlike other tax categories, the MSA was zero-cost to beneficiaries.This paper seeks to analyze this governing device from the perspective of legibility. The narratives that were produced from the institutions involved in the creation of the Monotributo Social Agropecuario refer to the recognition of rights and access to the formality of sales for small-scale producers. Invoicing the production allowed these subjects to formalize their income. The methodological strategy proposed in this work combines the analysis of official documents of state policies and the analysis of the record of observation and participation in the mobilizations and interventions that took place in the winter of 2018 in the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires in the context of the tax regime change.

RESUMEN En el año 2009 en Argentina es creado el Monotributo Social Agropecuario (MSA) a partir un convenio entre el Ministerio de Economía y Producción y el Ministerio de Desarrollo Social. Fue un instrumento para que los agricultores familiares pudieran, por un lado, facturar su producción en canales de venta y, por otro, accedieran a aportes jubilatorios y un plan médico obligatorio. A diferencia de otras categorías fiscales, el MSA fue de costo cero para los beneficiarios.En este trabajo se busca analizar este dispositivo de gobierno desde la perspectiva de la legibilidad. Las narrativas que se produjeron desde las instituciones involucradas en la creación del Monotributo Social Agropecuario aluden al reconocimiento de derechos y al acceso a la formalidad de las ventas de los/as productores/as de pequeña escala. Facturar la producción les permitió a estos/as sujetos/as formalizar sus ingresos. La estrategia metodológica que se plantea en este trabajo combina el análisis de documentos oficiales de las políticas estatales y el análisis de registro de observación y participación en las movilizaciones e intervenciones que se llevaron adelante en el invierno del 2018 en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires en el contexto del cambio del régimen tributario.

Abstract The goal of this work is to use basic tools of actuarial analysis to prove for the first time that the cost of financing pure defined-benefit scheme is equal to that of a pure defined-contribution scheme whenever these plans grant equal benefits interms of the amount and conditions to obtain them, and it is calculated using the same financial and biometric hypothesis. We state our results in terms of an individual computation and of a group model (for in the second case, the defined-benefit scheme requires the calculation of a general average premium); and in both scenarios, we study the possibility of an early retirement with full and partial portability. Our overall recommendation is to drop the discussion on which scheme is more expensive. The main limitation of this research is also its greatest asset: we have proven that there is no dominance of either plan over the other when there are no other labor market distortions; which means that the discussion could be in order should we consider the presence of such disruptions.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es utilizar herramientas básicas de análisis actuarial para demostrar por primera vez que el costo del financiamiento del esquema de beneficio-definido es igual al de un esquema de contribución-definida siempre que estos planes otorguen beneficios iguales en términos de cantidad y condiciones para obtenerlos, y llevamos a cabo nuestros cálculos usando las mismas hipótesis financieras y biométricas. Enunciamos nuestros resultados en términos de un cálculo individual y de un modelo grupal (en el segundo caso, el esquema de beneficio definido requiere del cómputo de una prima media general); y en ambos escenarios, estudiamos la posibilidad de la jubilación anticipada con portabilidad total y parcial. Nuestra recomendación general es abandonar el debate sobre qué esquema es más caro. La principal limitante de nuestra investigación es también su mayor fortaleza: hemos demostrado que no hay predominio de ninguno de los planes sobre el otro cuando no hay otras distorsiones del mercado laboral; lo que significa que la discusión podría continuar vigente si consideramos la presencia de tales factores.

Resumen: La idiosincrasia de la profesión médica, los rasgos de personalidad característicos del médico y la falta de formación específica para reconocer y tratar adecuadamente la propia vulnerabilidad, predisponen a este colectivo a padecer más patología mental y, probablemente, un deficiente tratamiento de otras enfermedades. La mayoría de los estudios realizados hasta el momento se centran en la patología mental y adictiva del médico, desde el punto de vista del riesgo para la mala praxis y la seguridad de sus pacientes. La revisión narrativa de la literatura científica realizada (MEDLINE, EMBASE e IME 1985-2016) ha mostrado que, en el entorno hispanoparlante, apenas disponemos de información actualizada sobre el médico como paciente, a pesar de ser un tema de indudable relevancia desde el punto de vista de la seguridad asistencial, del profesionalismo y del propio bienestar de los profesionales. La situación del médico que enferma es compleja y poco conocida, con conflicto de roles y con repercusiones en la ética profesional y la calidad asistencial.

Resumo: A idiossincrasia da profissão médica, as características de personalidade característica do médico e a falta de formação específica para reconhecer e, corretamente, tratar a própria vulnerabilidade, predispõem esse grupo a sofrer mais patologias mentais, e provavelmente tratamento deficiente de outras doenças. A maioria dos estudos realizados até agora tem como foco a patologia mental e o comportamento aditivo do médico, do ponto de vista do risco por negligência e segurança de seus pacientes. A revisão narrativa da literatura científica realizada (MEDLINE, EMBASE e IME 1985-2016) tem mostrado que no ambiente de idioma hispânico temos apenas informações atualizadas sobre o médico como paciente, apesar de ser uma questão de relevância inquestionável do ponto de vista da segurança assistencial, do profissionalismo e do próprio bem-estar dos profissionais. A situação do médico enfermo é complexa e pouco conhecida, com conflito de papéis e impacto sobre a ética profissional e a qualidade dos cuidados médicos. São necessários mais estudos, tanto quantitativos como qualitativos, que permitam compreender o processo do adoecimento dos médicos em cada um dos seus estágios profissionais (desde a graduação até a aposentadoria) para ser capaz de considerar estratégias para a melhoria na atenção da saúde desses profissionais.

Abstract Objective: To explore formative needs perceived by people older than 60 years when aging and to know the benefits and/or barriers of participating in training courses focused on them. Methods: Qualitative study with focus groups made in basic areas of primary care and a social center of Mataró (Barcelona).29 subjects were studied, divided into: people over 60 years attending a primary care center and people over 60 belonging to an association of elderly. 4 focus groups stratified by segments were organized. The recordings were transcribed elaborating categories, they were codified and analyzed. Results: The participants had full lives, emotional support and positive links with their community and family. They stated that it is important to plan aging and activities to do when retiring. Conclusions: To receive training is needed when aging. Main barriers: obligation to take care of, lack of time, economic cost.

Resumen Objetivo: Explorar necesidades formativas percibidas por las personas mayores de 60 años al envejecer y conocer los beneficios o barreras de participar en cursos de formación dirigidos a ellos. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con grupos focales realizado en áreas básicas de salud y un centro social de Mataró (Barcelona). Se estudiaron 29 sujetos divididos en: personas mayores de 60 años que acudían a un centro de atención primaria y personas mayores de 60 de una asociación de personas mayores. Se organizaron 4 grupos focales estratificados por segmentos. Se transcribieron las grabaciones elaborando categorías, se codificaron y analizaron. Resultados: Los participantes tenían vidas plenas, apoyos emocionales y vínculos positivos con su comunidad y familia. Manifestaron que es importante planificar el envejecimiento y actividades para realizar al jubilarse. Conclusión: Es necesario recibir formación al envejecer. Principales barreras: obligación de cuidar, falta de tiempo y coste económico.

Abstract This article analyzes the implications on teaching and research following the retirement of academics at two public Mexican universities, the Autonomous Metropolitan University (Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, UAM) and the Autonomous University of Chapingo (Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo, UACh), in the context of current regulation of academic work. The research paper examines two cases, analyzed under the comparative method, based on a mixed methodology. The conclusion is that, in general, the universities have not designed an institutional strategy to plan the departure of academics upon their retirement, and the entry of their replacements. This process is assumed to take place naturally and to affect teaching and research in different ways, depending on the profile developed over time by the institutions.

Resumen Este artículo analiza las implicaciones en la docencia y la investigación derivadas del retiro por jubilación de los académicos en dos universidades públicas mexicanas, la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) y la Universidad Autónoma Chapingo (UACh), en el contexto de la regulación del trabajo académico vigente. La investigación se realiza desde el estudio de dos casos analizados bajo el método comparado, con base en una metodología mixta. El trabajo concluye que, en general, las universidades no han diseñado una estrategia institucional para planear la salida de los académicos que se retiran por jubilación y la entrada de quienes habrán de sustituirlos. Se asume que este proceso ocurre de forma natural y afecta de manera diferenciada a la docencia y a la investigación, según sea el perfil que las instituciones hayan construido históricamente.

Resumo Objetivo: Este trabalho busca aprofundar o entendimento do impacto da recomendação gerada pelo boca a boca no desempenho do cliente para empresa de serviço, identificando ainda a relação entre a recomendação e o valor do cliente. Metodologia: Foi elaborado e aplicado aleatoriamente um questionário a uma carteira de clientes de uma instituição financeira. Nessa coleta foram capturados os índices gerais de satisfação e de recomendação, além da citação de nomes para quem foi feita a recomendação. Desses dados foram calculados o Índice de Desempenho de Clientes (IDC) e o Índice de Recomendação Efetiva (IRE). Resultados: Os resultados indicam a existência de uma relação não linear em formato U entre o desempenho dos clientes e sua recomendação efetiva, além de uma relação linear negativa das notas de recomendação e satisfação, demonstrando que nem sempre as maiores notas atribuídas a essas duas questões representam maior volume de indicações efetivas. Pode-se inferir, ainda, que clientes com maior volume realizado e potencial, medido pelo IDC, nem sempre são aqueles promotores da marca. Contribuições: Com base neste estudo, algumas recomendações para gestores de relacionamento com os clientes podem ser seguidas se o objetivo do gestor é expandir a venda de produtos por meio do conceito boca a boca e acompanhar o desempenho dos clientes com foco não só no valor agregado individualmente pelo cliente (i.e. IDC) como também o valor oriundo dos clientes por ele indicados (i.e. IRE).

Abstract Purpose: Our study analyzes the non-linear effect of customer lifetime value (CLV), which accounts for the revenue accumulated over the lifetime of a customer relationship, calculated using a discount rate, on customer referral value (CRV), which accounts for the value created by customers converted to the firm. Design/methodology/approach: We collected data from customers of a financial institution that provides retirement plan products. A random sample of 768 customers provided the full names of individuals to whom they made a recommendation. After these names were elicited, respondents and referrals were identified in the firm’s records, and we calculated the CLV and CRV values. Findings: The results show the existence of a U-shaped effect of CLV on CRV, and a negative linear effect of CLV on recommendation intention. Originality/value: Our study contributes to the body of literature on word of mouth by focusing on a product and business segment with low perceived brand differentiation and low customer involvement. We contribute to the marketing literature by showing a U-shape relationship between CLV and word of mouth activity, represented by CRV.

El presente estudio, se orientó a identificar, preliminarmente, residuos de antimicrobianos en diferentes muestras de cerdo de expendios, de Bogotá, Colombia. Se realizó en dos etapas: en la primera, la identificación de residuos de betalactámicos, aminoglucósidos (estreptomicina) y sulfonamidas (sulfametazina), por el método microbiológico de cribado de las tres placas con Bacillus subtilis y, en la segunda, la tipificación de residuos de antimicrobianos de estos grupos, por un método comercial de ELISA, según los LMR, considerando muestras con residuos, aquellas que, por las dos pruebas, mostraron residuos de uno o varios de los antimicrobianos bajo estudio. De las 212 muestras estudiadas, el 33,0% presentaron residuos de, por lo menos, un antimicrobiano. Para el hígado, de las muestras analizadas por las dos pruebas a betalactámicos, el 45,2% mostraron residuos; a estreptomicina, 10,8% y a sulfametazina, 28,6%. De las muestras de riñón evaluadas resultaron con residuos de betalactámicos, el 44,8%; de estreptomicina, 10,3% y sulfametazina, 23,1%. De músculo, el 9,7% presentaron residuos de betalactámicos; de estreptomicina, 0,0% y para sulfametazina, la única muestra con este residuo por microbiología lo fue también por ELISA. Los resultados obtenidos por los métodos microbiológico y ELISA, que muestran una fuerza de concordancia considerable (k>0,60), indican, de forma preliminar, un elevado porcentaje de muestras con residuos de antimicrobianos, lo cual, sustenta que el sacrificio de animales, sin respetar el tiempo de retiro, es frecuente y la necesidad de poner en marcha un plan de residuos, a lo largo de la cadena cárnica porcina.

In this study, the presence of antimicrobials residues in pork tissues of markets, neighborhood groceries and butcher's shops in Bogota city (Colombia) was investigated. The study was performed following a two-step procedure: the first step consisting in the detection of beta-lactams, streptomycin and sulfamethazine traces using the microbiological method of the three plates with Bacillus subtilis; and the second step, following the commercial method ELISA for the samples showing a positive result. The samples were considered positive only if the presence of antimicrobials residues was confirmed by the two methods. The agreement in the results obtained by the two methods was also estimated (k). Out of 212 samples analyzed, 33.0% were positive for at least one antimicrobial product. For liver samples, 45.2% were positive to beta-lactams, 10.8% to streptomycin and 28.6% to sulfamethazine. In the case of kidney 44.8% were positive to penicillin, 10.3% to streptomycin and 23.1% to sulfamethazine. Muscle showed a 9.7% positive result to beta-lactams, 0% to streptomycin and the only sample positive to sulfamethazine by the microbiological method, was also positive by the ELISA method. The results obtained by the two methods (microbiological and ELISA) were in agreement (k > 0.60) and they indicate a high presence of antimicrobials in the commercialized pork tissues. This fact indicates that the slaughter of animals without respecting the time of retirement is a common practice and it shows the need to implement a waste plan throughout the pork meat chain.

The provisions of pastors to congregations is of great importance to the Dutch Reformed Church and its congregation. To retire is a complex process of transition affecting various aspects - among others psychological, spiritual and financial aspects. According to current estimates, more than half of the full-time pastors in the Dutch Reformed Church could retire within the next fifteen years. A quantitative online survey was conducted amongst pastors who will retire in the near future, their experience of their congregation, personal well-being and financial prospects before and during retirement was taken into account. For the first time research provides insight into what will happen in churches when a pastor retires. The information should provide valid conclusions and recommendations can be made regarding the demand for pastors (and students?) in order to plan for effective ministry within churches.

Mediante una revisión integrada de investigación que incluyó búsqueda de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, estudios descriptivos, estudios de relación, revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y metasíntesis, en bases de datos, como Medline, ScienceDirect, Ovid y Scielo, bajo los descriptores plan de egreso o transición cruzadas con efectividad, cuidado integral, cuidado continuo y cuidado seguro, en el periodo de 1997 a 2013, se exploró la literatura referente a plan de transición y de egreso hospitalario, sus componentes, sus funciones, así como la existencia de evidencia sobre sus efectos en el cuidado de la salud. Como resultado, se encontraron y analizaron 52 referencias clasificadas en cuatro grupos, de acuerdo con su énfasis: 1) Falta de lineamientos claridad e incentivos para adelantar el plan; 2) Desarrollo de instrumentos que respaldan la valoración y medición dentro del plan de egreso; 3) Las características básicas que debe tener un plan de egreso o su desarrollo teórico y, 4) Efectividad del plan de egreso y transición hospitalaria para el cuidado continuo, seguro e integral de los pacientes y sus familias. Con esto, se puede llegar a la conclusión, que existe una literatura variada sobre el plan de transición y egreso hospitalario, que refleja un nivel heterogéneo frente a directrices concretas, para adelantar dichos planes, aunque se recomienda esta gestión en beneficio de los usuarios. La evidencia sobre la efectividad del desarrollo de planes de cuidado, como parte fundamental del cuidado continuo, seguro e integral de los pacientes y sus familias es limitada. Son recomendados estudios de tipo predictivo en este campo.

Through an integrated review that included randomized clinical trials search, descriptive studies, association studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyzes and meta-synthesis in databases such as Medline, ScienceDirect, Ovid and Scielo low exit descriptors or Transition Plan cross with Effective, comprehensive Care, and Care continuing, Care insurance in the period 1997-2013, the literature on transition plan and hospital discharge, their components, their functions and the existence of evidence of its effects on health care was explored. As a result, 52 references were found and analyzed, classified into four groups according to their emphasis: 1) Lack of clear guidelines and incentives to advance the retirement plan, 2) Development of tools to support the assessment and measurement within the retirement plan 3) the basic features that should have a retirement plan or its theoretical development and 4) Effective discharge and transition plan for ongoing care hospital, and comprehensive insurance patients and their families. With this, it can be concluded that there is an ample literature on the transition plan and hospital discharge, reflecting a heterogeneous level opposite specific guidelines to put forward these plans, although this management to the benefit of users is recommended. The evidence on the effectiveness of a care plan development as a fundamental part of a continual, assured and comprehensive care of the patients and their families is limited. In this field studies of the predictive type are recommended.

Interesse de milhões de brasileiros, a previdência privada fechada, conhecida como fundo de pensão, caracteriza-se pela adoção de um plano previdenciário para um grupo de pessoas. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os fatores determinantes para a ampliação desse sistema, na percepção de seus gestores. Foram realizadas 19 entrevistas com gestores de fundos de pensão e de empresas de consultoria atuarial, em Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Tais fundos geriram R$141,01 bilhões, em 2008, representando 33,64% dos recursos desse sistema no Brasil. No tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se a análise do significado semântico-pragmático (MATTOS, 2006), que busca a compreensão dos significados de contexto, pressupostos ou implicados em cada resposta ou emergentes da relação dessas respostas. Dos resultados, destacam-se importantes considerações e propostas: a questão da educação previdenciária, novos incentivos fiscais e tributários, a utilização de parte do FGTS e a flexibilização da legislação para fomentar o crescimento dessa previdência no país.

Private pension funds, of interest to millions of Brazilians, are characterized by retirement plans limited to a certain group of people.This paper aims to identify the determinants for the extension of such private pension funds from the perspective of managers thereof. Nineteen managers of pension funds and actuarial consulting firms in Minas Gerais, Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro were interviewed. Such funds managed R$ 141.01 billion in 2008, representing 33.64% of the resources in the system in Brazil. Tthe data treatment used was the analysis of the semantic-pragmatic meaning (Mattos, 2006), which seeks to understand the meanings of context assumed or involved in each response or emerging from the relationship of these responses. From the results, we highlight important considerations and proposals: the issue of pension awareness, new tax incentives, the use of part of FGTS and flexible legislation to foster the growth of welfare in the country.