RESUMEN Introducción: El quiste dentígero es un quiste odontogénico, casi siempre asociado a la corona de un diente retenido. Sus ubicaciones más frecuentes son la zona de tercer molar inferior y canino superior. Objetivo: Caracterizar la presentación de un quiste dentígero en un paciente adulto. Presentación de caso: Se presentó el caso de una paciente de 27 años de edad que acude a consulta por presentar sensación de opresión, dolor e inflamación en región de tercer molar inferior izquierdo. Al examen oral se observa tejido dentario en correspondencia con molar 38 parcialmente brotado con ligero edema de la mucosa a su alrededor. En radiografía panorámica se observa imagen radiolúcida en relación con cara mesial del 38 con discreto halo radiopaco, redondeada, compatible con un quiste dentígero. Conclusiones: Un diagnóstico a tiempo de estas lesiones constituye la clave para un tratamiento exitoso y menos invasivo, lo cual evitaría complicaciones mayores como la malignización, el crecimiento exagerado que puede ocasionar deformidad facial y la disfunción masticatoria permanente.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dentigerous cyst is an odontogenic cyst, almost always associated with the crown of a retained tooth. Its most frequent locations are the areas of the lower third molar and the upper canine. Objective: To characterize the presentation of a dentigerous cyst in an adult patient. Case presentation: The case is presented of a 27-year-old female patient who came to the clinic with a sensation of pressure, pain and inflammation in the region of the lower left third molar. Oral examination permits to observe some dental tissue corresponding with molar 38 partially erupted with slight edema of the surrounding mucosa. Panoramic radiograph shows a radiolucent image related to the mesial side of 38, with a discrete radiopaque halo, rounded, compatible with a dentigerous cyst. Conclusions: A timely diagnosis of these lesions is the key to a successful and less invasive treatment, which would avoid major complications, such as malignization, the exaggerated growth that can cause facial deformity and permanent masticatory dysfunction.

Resumen La literatura científica sostiene que los terceros molares muy a menudo son lo que contemplan varías complicaciones al momento del procedimiento quirúrgico, debido no solo a su erupción sino también a sus diferentes características que suceden como anatomía, forma, posición de su erupción, etc. Para ello el estudio complementario Integral antes de pasar al acto quirúrgico es la primera opción que se hace. Para que un correcto tratamiento post-quirúrgico sea efectivo tanto antibiótico farmacológico, biomateriales integrales, etc. Objetivo: Establecer por medio de una revisión de la literatura cuáles son las acciones o procedimientos quirúrgicos ejecutándose que pueden evitar las complicaciones más prevalentes en la extracción de terceros molares mandibulares incluídos, retenidos e impactados. Materiales y métodos: Se plantea un estudio de tipo descriptivo y de análisis respectivamente con 2 tipos de bases electrónicas: PubMed y SciELO tomando como sustentación artículos que contemplen meta-análisis, revisiones sistemáticas, revisiones literarias, etc. Resultados: Se confirmó que el mejor procedimiento ante quizás una posible: hemorragia, fracturas, laceraciones, etc. es el buen manejo quirúrgico farmacológico durante la cirugía y posterior a esta. Conclusión: Con esta revisión de la literatura se llega a la idea de que un correcto diagnóstico, manejo estricto farmacológico y el conocimiento de las complicaciones que pueden suscitarse durante y posterior en las extracciones dentales son acciones correctas que se utilizan muy comúnmente durante el procedimiento quirúrgico, lo que evita sus respectivas dificultades.

Abstract After the various articles compiled by different authors, is becomes clear that the third molars are very often what contemplate various complications at the time of the surgical procedure, due not only to their eruption but also to their different characteristics that occur such as anatomy, shape, position of its eruption, etc. For this reason, the comprehensive complementary study before proceeding to the surgical act is the first option that is made. For a correct post-surgical treatment to be effective both antibiotic-pharmacological, integral biomaterials, etc. Purpose: To establish through a review of the literatura which are the actions or surgical procedures being performed that can avoid the most prevalent complications in the extraction of included, retained and impacted mandibular third molars. Materials and methods: A descriptive and analytical study is proposed, respectively, with 2 types of electronic databases: PubMed and SciELO, taking as support articles that include meta-analyses, systematic reviews, literary reviews, etc. Results: It was confirmed that the best procedure for perhaps a possible one: hemorrhage, fractures, lacerations, etc. It is good pharmacological surgical management during and after surgery. Conclusion: With this review of the literature, the idea is reached that a correct diagnosis, strict pharmacological management and knowledge of the complications that can arise during and after dental extractions are correct actions that are very commonly used during the surgical procedure. , which avoids their respective difficulties.

Lithium disilicate was first introduced to the dental field as an indirect restorative material in 1998. It was marketed under the name IPS Empress 2, and was intended for use with press technology. It was later replaced by modified versions including IPs e.max® Press and IPS e.max® CAD. Newer versions have since emerged, namely Amber Mill GC Initial and CEREC Tesseratwo. The latter has part crystal composition of lithium disilicate, embedded in a glassy zirconia matrix. The CAD version is provided in a meta-silicate state, characterised by 40% platelet-shaped lithium meta-silicate crystals and a glassy matrix that is bluish in colour. To obtain the desired lithium disilicate structure and tooth shades, a process of crystallization is required. This involves firing at 840 °C, for 25 minutes. The resulting glass-ceramic material has the benefit of providing maximum aesthetic translucency along with good fracture resistance of about 2MPa, and mechanical strength of 360MPa. Developments in the all-ceramic dental materials have led to improvements in their physical properties and aesthetic appeal, leading to a substantial increase in their clinical use. This paper present a review of lithium disilicate with particular reference to its chemical composition, aesthetic versatility, and durability for use in crowns, veneers, and implant retained restorations. It also covers the recommended techniques prescribed to ensure predictable bonding and cementation. An electronic literature search on the use of lithium disilicate in dentistry was carried out using EBSCOhost search engine. This included all papers relating to its use for conventional veneers, crowns and bridge work, for CAD/CAM restorations, dentine bonding procedures and luting agents. It covered all papers published in peer reviewed journals from 1988 to 2021. The review indicates that lithium disilicate can be a useful and versatile material in dentistry providing it is handled correctly and the recommended tooth and restoration surface preparations and bonding procedures are carried out. The latter involves tooth etching and silane treatment of the fitting surfaces of restorations prior to cementation to improve adhesion and fracture resistance.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Dentigerous or follicular cysts are odontogenic cysts of epithelial origin. The dentigerous cyst is the most common after the root cyst. It is always associated with the crown of a developing, unerupted or retained tooth. There are very few publications of multiple tooth cysts in pediatric age, and they usually occur only in the jaw. Objective: Present a rare clinical case in pediatric ages. Case Presentation: A 6-year-old male patient is presented. Clinically, a non-painful swelling related to the first non-erupted mandibular permanent molars was observed. Radiographically, he presented a unilocular radiolucent area related to the crown of 36 and 46 and the bone cortical was preserved. The enucleation of both cystic processes was performed. The initial diagnosis given with the clinical and radiographic findings was confirmed by histopathological study, which revealed dentigenous cysts. Conclusions: The clinical absence of permanent teeth in the pediatric patient should be studied radiographically to rule out the presence of cystic lesions, such as the clinical case presented, since it is one of the most common causes in this population. Complete removal of the tooth cyst along with the tooth involved foresees recurrence and the possible formation of other lesions of more aggressive behavior.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los quistes dentígeros o foliculares, son quistes odontogénicos de origen epitelial. El quiste dentígero es el más común después del quiste radicular. Siempre está asociado con la corona de un diente en desarrollo, no erupcionado o retenido. Existen muy pocas publicaciones de quistes dentígeros múltiples en la edad pediátrica, y generalmente se presentan solo en la mandíbula. Objetivo: Exponer un caso clínico poco frecuente. Presentación del caso: Se presenta un paciente masculino de 6 años de edad. Clínicamente se observó una tumefacción no dolorosa relacionada con los primeros molares permanentes mandibulares no erupcionados. Radiográficamente presentó un área radiolúcida unilocular relacionada con la corona de 36 y 46 y la cortical ósea preservada. Se realizó la enucleación de ambos procesos quísticos. El diagnóstico inicial dado con los hallazgos clínicos y radiográficos se confirmó mediante el estudio histopatológico, el cual reveló quistes dentígeros. Conclusiones: La ausencia clínica de dientes permanentes en el paciente pediátrico debe ser estudiada radiográficamente para descartar la presencia de lesiones quísticas, como el caso clínico presentado, ya que es una de las causas más comunes en esta población. La completa remoción del quiste dentígero junto con el diente involucrado prevé la recidiva y la posible formación de otras lesiones de comportamiento más agresivo.

RESUMEN: La erupción ectópica de un diente es el proceso por el cual el diente emerge en una posición anormal. La primera molar permanente es el diente que más frecuentemente presenta erupción ectópica, ya que, en su proceso de erupción, queda retenida debajo del contorno distal de la segunda molar temporal. La erupción ectópica puede ser reversible o irreversible, si es irreversible requiere tratamiento correctivo para lograr que la molar permanente erupciones correctamente en el arco. Los tratamientos pueden ser poco invasivos como el uso de separados elásticos o más invasivos con aparatos ortodóncicos tales como brass wire, k-loop, Halterman o wedging spring. El objetivo del presente artículo es presentar dos casos clínicos donde se corrige la erupción ectópica de primeros molares permanentes utilizando separadores elásticos. Conclusión: los separadores elásticos pueden usarse con éxito en casos de erupciones ectópicas moderadas o severas, no sólo en casos leves como reporta la mayoría de la literatura. El uso de esta técnica no requiere gran cooperación por parte del paciente y es de bajo costo económico.

ABSTRACT: Ectopic eruption of a tooth is the process in which a tooth emerges in an abnormal position. The first permanent molar is the tooth that most frequently presents ectopic eruption, mostly because it is retained below the distal contour of the second temporary molar. The ectopic eruption may be reversible or irreversible, the latter of which requires corrective treatment to achieve correct eruption of the permanent molar in the arch. Treatments can be minimally invasive, such as the use of interproximal wedging, or more invasive orthodontic devices, such as brass wire, k-loops, Halterman devices, or wedging springs. The aim of this case report is to present two clinical cases where the ectopic eruption of permanent first molars is corrected using elastic separators. Conclusion:The elastic separators could be used successfully in cases of moderate or severe ectopic eruptions, not only in mild cases, as reported in most of the literature. The use of this technique does not require great cooperation from the patient, and it is low in cost.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The lack of a permanent incisor not only generates an adverse effect on facial aesthetics but also alters its function, especially the incisor guidance. Upper incisors can suffer mechanical blockage or change in their eruption due to a supernumerary tooth, a blow or another factor. The treatment of choice is orthodontic-surgical. The prognosis depends on the age, tooth position, morphology, size, root maturation and traction method. Knowing the use of an orthodontic appliance, which is easy to handle and can be used from an early age, will be of valuable contribution. Objective: To show the successful use of a cantilever to enable orthodontic traction of an impacted incisor in a horizontal position. Case presentation: Eight-year-old patient with class I malocclusion, specimen 2.1 retained in a horizontal position, presence of supernumerary tooth and persistence of specimen 6.1. Extraction of the supernumerary, release of specimen 2.1 and orthodontic traction is chosen. A buccal cantilever made of a 0.020” round steel arch with two circles at each end was used to provide elasticity and anchoring. The force used was 70 g. Six months after, the occlusion plane was reached. Brackets and tubes were cemented and the sequence of arches was continued until the 0.021”x0.025” steel arch was reached in 11 months. An optimal final position is obtained, favoring root formation and apical closure. Conclusions: The use of the cantilever for orthodontic treatment of impacted permanent incisors in a horizontal position proved to be successful as well as easy to manipulate and control.

RESUMEN Introducción: La falta de un incisivo permanente no solo genera un efecto adverso en la estética facial, también altera la función, en especial, la guía incisiva. Los incisivos superiores pueden sufrir bloqueo mecánico o cambio en su erupción por un diente supernumerario, un golpe u otro factor. El tratamiento de elección es el quirúrgico-ortodóncico. El pronóstico dependerá de la edad, situación, posición del diente, morfología, tamaño, maduración radicular y método de tracción. Conocer el uso de una aparatología ortodóncica que sea fácil de manipular y pueda ser usada desde edades tempranas servirá de valioso aporte. Objetivo: Mostrar el uso exitoso de un cantiléver para traccionar ortodóncicamente un incisivo impactado en posición horizontal. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 8 años con maloclusión clase I, pieza 2.1 retenida en posición horizontal, presencia de supernumerario y persistencia de pieza 6.1. Se opta por extracción de supernumerario, liberación de pieza 2.1 y tracción ortodóncica. Se usó un cantiléver por vestibular confeccionado en arco de acero redondo 0.020” con dos círculos en cada extremo para brindar elasticidad y anclaje. La fuerza utilizada fue de 70 g, pasado 6 meses se alcanzó el plano de oclusión. Se cementaron brackets y tubos, se continuó con la secuencia de arcos, hasta llegar al arco acero 0.021”x0.025” durante 11 meses. Se obtiene una posición final óptima que favorece la formación radicular y cierre apical. Conclusiones: El uso del cantiléver para el tratamiento ortodóncico de incisivos permanentes impactados en posición horizontal demostró ser exitoso, fácil de manipular y controlar.

ABSTRACT Background: preventing the premature loss of permanent teeth is the fundamental objective of the dental surgeon. External reabsorption can be a cause of tooth loss. Objective: to present the surgical management of a case of external root reabsorption of a central and left lateral incisor, caused by a retained upper canine. Case report: 16-year-old female patient who comes to the office because she feels mobility of her incisors; the intra-oral clinical examination showed the absence in the mouth of the upper left canine and Miller's degree 1 mobility of the central and lateral incisors is observed on the same side. The radiographic and tomographic evaluation is done, and the presence of root reabsorption of the incisors is evidenced. Surgical removal of the canine accompanied by bone regeneration is proposed, to prevent external reabsorption from progressing. It is evaluated radiographically at 6 months after surgery, showing that there is no progression of reabsorption and there is a good stability of the compromised incisors. Conclusions: with the removal of the impacted canine and bone regeneration, the patient was able to prevent the external reabsorption from progressing and recover the stability of his incisors.

RESUMEN Fundamento: prevenir la pérdida prematura de dientes permanentes es el objetivo fundamental del cirujano dentista. La reabsorción externa puede ser una causa de la pérdida dentaria. Objetivo: presentar el manejo quirúrgico de un caso de reabsorción radicular externa de un incisivo central y lateral superior izquierdo, ocasionada por un canino superior retenido. Presentación del caso: paciente femenino, de 16 años de edad que acudió a consulta porque sintió movilidad de sus incisivos, al examen clínico intra bucal se apreció la ausencia en boca del canino superior izquierdo y se constata movilidad grado I de Miller de los incisivos central y lateral del mismo lado. Se hizo la evaluación radiográfica y tomográfica, se evidenció la presencia de reabsorción radicular de los dos incisivos. Se planteó la extracción quirúrgica del canino acompañado de regeneración ósea, para prevenir que la reabsorción externa siga en progreso. Se evaluó por radiografía a los seis meses post cirugía, donde se evidenció que ya no existe progresión de la reabsorción y hay una buena estabilidad de los incisivos comprometidos. Conclusiones: con la extracción del canino retenido y la regeneración ósea, el paciente pudo prevenir que la reabsorción externa siga en progreso y recuperar la estabilidad de sus incisivos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the treatment of impacted teeth is one of the problems that arise in patients requiring orthodontic treatment. Case Report: a 10-year-and-5-month patient having a health history comes to the orthodontic office for presenting alterations in the eruption of the upper incisors. On the oral examination she presented mixed dentition with clinical absence of 21 and the panoramic x-rays showed the retention of the 21 which is associated with a supernumerary tooth. The treatment of choice was the surgical orthodontic combination. Conclusions: with an appropriate interdisciplinary management, leaving the traditional way, and by means of innovative along with economic techniques, it was possible to bring the tooth to the dental arch, correct midlines, reestablish esthetics and function in an uncommon case due to its location in the central teeth, which, being more visible, can affect esthetically and psychologically the children in their interaction with the social environment.

RESUMEN Introducción: el tratamiento de dientes incluidos es uno de los problemas que se presentan en pacientes que requieren tratamiento de Ortodoncia. Presentación del caso: paciente de 10 años, con antecedentes de salud que acude a la consulta de Ortodoncia por presentar alteraciones en el brote de los incisivos superiores. Al examen bucal presenta dentición mixta con ausencia clínica de 21. En rayos X panorámico se observa 21 retenido asociado a diente supernumerario. El tratamiento de elección fue la combinación ortodóncica quirúrgica. Conclusiones: con un manejo interdisciplinario adecuado, mediante técnicas innovadoras y económicas, se logró llevar el diente al arco dentario, corregir líneas medias, restablecer la estética y la función en un caso poco común por su localización en los dientes centrales, que, al ser más visibles, puede afectar estética y psicológicamente a los niños en su interacción con el medio social.

Resumen Introducción: El trauma dentoalveolar es un tipo de afección muy común en niños, que en la mayoría de los casos involucra dientes, la porción alveolar del maxilar, la mandíbula y los tejidos blandos adyacentes. Pueden variar en cuanto a la extensión y gravedad llegando a afectar la funcionalidad e integridad de las estructuras orales, por lo que un diagnóstico correcto y tratamiento oportuno es necesario para evitar la generación de posibles secuelas en la dentición permanente. Objetivo: Reportar un caso de trauma dentoalveolar en un niño y su abordaje odontológico interdisciplinar. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 7 años de edad, sin antecedentes relevantes, asiste a consulta con su madre por presentar persistencia de un diente temporal en sector anterosuperior, asociado a trauma dentoalveolar ocurrido a los 18 meses de vida aproximadamente. Se realiza exodoncia del diente temporal y tratamiento ortopédico para orientar la erupción del diente permanente, manifestando evolución favorable. Conclusiones: El abordaje interdisciplinario para los casos de trauma dento-alveolar constituye una buena alternativa para una adecuada rehabilitación y disminuye posibles secuelas.

Abstract Introduction: Dentoalveolar trauma is a common type of condition in children, which mostly affects the teeth, alveolar segment of the maxilla, mandibula and adjacent soft tissues. It can vary in terms of extension and severity, affecting the functionality and integrity of the oral structures. Therefore, a correct diagnosis and a timely treatment are necessary to avoid future sequelae in the permanent dentition. Objective: To report a case of dentoalveolar trauma in a child and its interdisciplinary dental approach. Case presentation: A 7-year-old male child with no relevant history attends a consultation with his mother due to the persistence of a temporary tooth in the anterosuperior sector. It is associated with dentoalveolar trauma that occurred when he was 18 months old. Exodontia and orthopedic treatment were performed on the temporary tooth to guide the eruption of the permanent tooth, showing a favorable evolution afterwards. Conclusions: An interdisciplinary approach for cases of dentoalveolar trauma constitutes an appropriate alternative for successful rehabilitation and reduces possible sequelae.

ABSTRACT Retained teeth can be associated with a variety of diseases with mechanical, nervous, infectious, cystic and tumoral complications. The aim of this research is to report a case of concurrent dentigerous cyst and odontoma, associated with a retained upper canine. We present a 15-year-old patient who comes to the Maxillofacial Surgery Service from the Dental Faculty due to an evident volume increase in the vestibular surface of the maxillary alveolar ridge in 13 area, and progressive distal coronal displacement of 12. An interview, a clinical examination and a radiographic study were performed; tooth retention of 13 was observed, with association of defined rounded radiopaque area and circumscribed radiolucent area. A biopsy of the described tissues was performed and a diagnosis of dentigerous cyst and complex odontoma was obtained. The phenomenon of tooth retention appears concomitantly with other lesions that can produce bone destruction and disorder of position and number.

RESUMEN Los dientes retenidos pueden asociarse a enfermedades de diversa índole con complicaciones: mecánicas, nerviosas, infecciosas, quísticas y tumorales. El objetivo de esta investigación es informar un caso de quiste dentígero y odontoma concurrentes, asociados a un canino superior retenido. Se presentó un paciente de 15 años que acudió al Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial de la Facultad de Estomatología, con evidente aumento de volumen en la superficie vestibular de reborde alveolar superior en la zona del 13, y desplazamiento progresivo coronal distal del 12. Se realizaron: interrogatorio, examen clínico y estudio radiográfico; se observó retención del 13, con asociación de área radiopaca redondeada definida y con área radiolúcida circunscrita. Se realizó una biopsia de los tejidos descritos y se obtuvo un diagnóstico de quiste dentígero y odontoma complejo. El fenómeno de retención dentaria aparece de forma concomitante con otras lesiones que pueden producir destrucción ósea y desorden de posición y número.

SUMMARY: Bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) is a powerful osteo-inductive growth factor widely used in bone reconstruction and both the vehicle used to administer it and the scaffold substrate could determine its success in clinical situations. The aim was to analyse the clinical behaviour of dental implants placed in single alveolar ridges with a horizontal deficiency in the maxillary anterior region that were reconstructed horizontally with rhBMP-2 and porous hydroxyapatite (HA). Inclusion criteria were both males and females, between the ages of 18 and 29 with single tooth loss of one upper incisor. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) was used to take measurements prior to bone augmentation and again prior to the implant insertion. Surgery was carried out under local anaesthetic. In the primary procedure, bone substitute was introduced using porous HA and rhBMP-2; after 4 to 5 months, dental implant surgery was carried out and the implant placed; after 3 months of consolidation the provisional prosthesis was placed and then a definitive restoration was placed. Variables were analysed using the t-test with a p-value of < 0.05 in order to assess statistical significance. Thirteen subjects were included (6 females and 7 males). Bone augmentation resulted in a bone gain of 4.15mm (p=0.023), which was shown to be statistically significant. All of the grafts placed were successful and 13 implants were placed, using torques between 30 and 70N, without complications. For the final prostheses, 11 were screw retained and 2 were cemented in place. The horizontal bone augmentation using HA and rhBMP-2 is an efficient technique for single bone defects in the anterior maxillary area; clinical trials on a larger scale are needed to confirm these results.

RESUMEN: La proteína ósea morfogenética (BMP-2) es un potente osteoinductor utilizado ampliamente en técnicas reconstructivas; el vehículo de instalación es determinante en su evolución. El objetivo fue analizar el comportamiento clínico de implantes dentales instalados en rebordes alveolares únicos con deficiencia horizontal del sector anterior reconstruida horizontalmente con BMP-2 e hidroxiapatita (HA) porosa. Fueron incluidos sujetos de ambos sexos de entre 18 y 29 años, con pérdida dentaria unitaria a nivel de incisivos superiores. Se utilizó tomografía computadorizada para realizar mediciones en las etapas previa a la instalación del injerto y previo a la instalación del implante. Las cirugías fueron realizadas bajo anestesia local. En la primera intervención se realizó la instalación del injerto óseo utilizando HA porosa y BMP-2; después de 4 a 5 meses se realizó la instalación del implante dental; 3 meses después se realizó la conexión protésica y rehabilitación final. Las variables fueron estudiadas con la prueba t test considerando el valor de p< 0,05 para considerar significancia estadística. Trece sujetos fueron incluidos (6 mujeres y 7 hombres); con la reconstrucción ósea se obtuvo una ganancia ósea de 4,15mm (p=0.023) que fue estadísticamente significativo. No existió pérdida en ningún injerto realizado; se instalaron 13 implantes con torques entre 30 y 70N sin complicaciones; se realizaron prótesis fijas atornilladas en 11 casos y cementadas en 2 casos. La técnica con HA y BMP- 2 es eficiente para reconstruir defectos horizontales en perdidas unitarias del sector anterior maxilar; ensayos clínicos de mayor escala son necesarios para confirmar estos resultados.

SUMMARY The presence of multiple supernumerary teeth in the oral cavity is an infrequent alteration of dental development in patients who do not have an associated syndrome, that can induce various alterations such as malocclusions, delay in dental eruption, reabsorption of adjacent teeth, cyst formation, root dilacerations and giroversions. The objective of this clinical case is to report the presence of multiple supernumerary teeth, which caused the ectopic eruption and gyroversion of adjacent teeth, causing a crossbite in the oral cavity of a non-syndromic pediatric patient of the Centro Dental Docente Cayetano Heredia in 2019. The treatment performed was the simple extraction of the erupted supernumerary teeth and the complex extraction with flap of the retained ones.

RESUMEN La presencia de múltiples dientes supernumerarios en la cavidad bucal es una alteración del desarrollo dental infrecuente en pacientes que no tienen un síndrome asociado, estos pueden inducir diversas alteraciones como maloclusiones, atraso en la erupción dentaria, reabsorción de los dientes adyacentes, formación de quistes, dilaceraciones radiculares y giroversiones. El presente caso clínico tiene como objetivo reportar la presencia de múltiples dientes supernumerarios, que ocasionaron la erupción ectópica y giroversión de piezas dentarias adyacentes, provocando una mordida cruzada en la cavidad oral de un paciente pediátrico no sindromico del Centro Dental Docente Cayetano Heredia en el 2019. El tratamiento realizado fue la extracción simple de los dientes supernumerarios erupcionados y la extracción compleja con colgajo de los retenidos.

RESUMO O caso clínico de um adolescente de 12 anos de idade, atendido no Departamento de Ortodontia da Clínica Estomatológica Provincial "Mártires del Moncada" de Santiago de Cuba, diagnosticado com retenção do incisivo central superior direito, foi descrito mais de dois anos e para os quais ele recebeu tratamento com aparelhos fixos antes do bloqueio dentário e monitoramento clínico-radiográfico. Durante o procedimento ortodôntico, é encaminhado ao Departamento de Periodontia por apresentar na área do referido dente um aumento no volume rosa coral, de consistência dura e aparência fibrosa, o que impossibilitou a incorporação definitiva do dente em seu arco e plano de oclusão. Foram realizados os exames complementares correspondentes, diagnosticada hiperplasia gengival fibrosa localizada e realizado tratamento cirúrgico (gengivectomia), o que permitiu o tratamento ortodôntico sem envolvimento psicológico e social do paciente. A baixa frequência de ocorrência desse tipo de lesão associada à retenção dos incisivos centrais superiores motivou este relato de caso.

ABSTRACT It was described a clinical case of a 12-year-old adolescent, treated at the Orthodontic Department of the Provincial Stomatological Clinic "Mártires del Moncada" in Santiago de Cuba, who was diagnosed with retention of the upper right central incisor more than two years ago and for which he received treatment with fixed appliances prior to tooth straightening and clinical-radiographic follow-up. During the orthodontic procedure, he was referred to the Department of Periodontics because he had a coral pink increase in volume in the area of that tooth, with a hard consistency and fibrous appearance, which made it impossible to definitively incorporate the tooth into its arch and occlusion plane. The corresponding complementary examinations were carried out, localized fibrous gingival hyperplasia was diagnosed and surgical treatment (gingivectomy) was performed, which allowed the successful completion of orthodontic treatment without any psychological or social implications for the patient. The rare occurrence of this type of injury associated with retention of upper central incisors motivated this case report.

RESUMEN Se describió el caso clínico de un adolescente de 12 años de edad, atendido en el Departamento de Ortodoncia de la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial "Mártires del Moncada" de Santiago de Cuba, al cual se le diagnosticó retención del incisivo central superior derecho hace más de dos años y para la cual recibió tratamiento con aparatología fija previo entorche del diente y seguimiento clínico-radiográfico. Durante el proceder ortodóncico, es remitido al Departamento de Periodoncia por presentar en la zona de dicho diente un aumento de volumen de color rosa coral, de consistencia dura y aspecto fibroso, que imposibilitó la incorporación definitiva del diente en su arco y plano de oclusión. Se realizaron los exámenes complementarios correspondientes, se diagnosticó hiperplasia gingival fibrosa localizada y se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico (gingivectomía), lo que permitió llevar a feliz término el tratamiento ortodóncico sin ninguna implicación psicológica y social para el paciente. La poca frecuencia de aparición de este tipo de lesión asociada a la retención de incisivos centrales superiores motivó el presente informe de caso.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of canine transpositions and to evaluate associated dental anomalies in a pediatric population. Material and Methods: This study was carried out by evaluating the panoramic radiographs of 11.750 patients ranging in ages from 6 to 17 presented to a pedodontic clinic over 5 years. The patients with canine transposition were included in the study. Age at diagnosis, gender, classification and location of transposition, presence of other dental anomalies were recorded. Differences were analyzed using the Chi-squared test. Results: Canine transposition was detected in 73 teeth from 69 patients (0.6%). Transpositions were more common in girls than in boys (55.1%). Transposed canine teeth were more frequently observed unilaterally (89%). The most commonly found transposition type was type 2 (42%). A total of 49.3% of 69 patients had retained primary canine teeth, 20.3% had congenitally missing teeth, and 11.6% had peg-shaped, microdont lateral incisors. Impacted teeth excluding third molars and taurodontism were also observed. Conclusion: Although the canine transpositions are generally asymptomatic in children in the period of growth and development, the importance of early diagnosis is crucial to prevent various clinical problems.

Abstract Objective: To clinically evaluate the retention and marginal discoloration of pit and fissure sealants applied to primary and permanent teeth. Material and Methods: The study population encompassed of 5-15 years-old children. After consenting, a light-curing sealant was applied to etched pits and fissures of occlusal surfaces of selected sound teeth. The retention rate and marginal discoloration were assessed, 3 months after application of the sealants based on the criteria proposed by Simonsen’s criteria (total retention: score 0, partial loss: score 1, and total loss: score 2). Each tooth was considered as an independent sample during analysis. Results: The achieved sample size was 43 children aged 5-15 years (mean age=10.0 years). Therefore, data of 100 teeth from 43 children were used for the final analysis. The percentage of completely retained sealants (59%) was higher than the percentage of partially retained sealants (23%) and completely missing sealants (18%) after 3 months follow up. Out of 100 sealed teeth, 60% were either had marginal discoloration or completely missing. Using the Mann-Whitney test, there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between primary and permanent teeth in terms of retention. However, there was no statistical difference (p>0.05) between upper and lower teeth in terms of retention. Conclusion: The success rate of fissure sealants after 3 months follow-up was satisfactory.