Abstract In retail markets, analysis of perceived value in purchasing processes has been a topic of special interest as it focuses on perception of benefits beyond the product itself. In the face of such interest, an exhaustive bibliographical review was performed regarding its concept and components applied to retail dealers. The methodology is quantitative and cross-sectional, with a descriptive and explanative analysis through structural equation models to analyze the effect of dimensions in perceived value in the dependent variable of intent to purchase. Applied surveys on 390 recurring customers of retail dealers in Bogota. The results revealed that: functional value does have a positive effect on intent to purchase; and there is a relation between functional and symbolic value of purchase. The implications of management in the context of marketing are further discussed, focusing on functional value of a purchase. Actions related to quality, communication, employee training and customer service are recommended. These findings contribute to the literature on consumer behavior within the context of consumption by comparing functional and symbolic value.

Resumo Dentro do âmbito do comercio de retalho, a análise do valor percebido no processo de compra tem sido objeto de interesse especial por se focalizar em a percepção de benefícios que vão mais longe do produto direito. Com esse interesse, fez-se uma revisão exaustiva da literatura de seu conceito e componentes aplicados aos estabelecimentos de retalho. A metodologia é quantitativa e transversal, com uma análise descritiva e explicativa por meio de modelos de equações estruturares para analisar o efeito das dimensões do valor percebido na variável dependente da intenção de compra. Fizeram-se pesquisas em 390 clientes usuais de lojas de retalho em Bogotá. Os resultados revelaram que: o valor funcional tem um efeito positivo na intenção de compra; e existe uma relação entre o valor funcional e o valor simbólico da compra. Discutem-se as implicações da gestão no âmbito do marketing, focalizando-se no valor funcional da compra. Sugerem-se ações relacionadas à qualidade, comunicação, capacitação dos empregados y serviço ao cliente. Os resultados contribuem à literatura com relação ao comportamento do consumidor no contexto do consumo, ao comparar o valor funcional e o valor simbólico.

Resumen En el ámbito del comercio minorista, el análisis del valor percibido en el proceso de compra ha sido objeto de especial interés por enfocarse en la percepción de beneficios que van más allá del producto en sí. Ante tal interés, se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica sobre su concepto y componentes aplicado a establecimientos minoristas. La metodología es cuantitativa y transversal, con un análisis descriptivo y explicativo a través de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar el efecto de las dimensiones del valor percibido en la variable dependiente de la intención de compra. Se aplicaron encuestas a 390 a clientes habituales de comercios minoristas en Bogotá. Los resultados revelaron que el valor funcional tiene un efecto positivo en la intención de compra; y existe una relación entre el valor funcional y el valor simbólico de la compra. Se discuten las implicaciones de la gestión en el ámbito del marketing, centrándose en el valor funcional de la compra. Se sugieren acciones relacionadas con la calidad, la comunicación, la capacitación de los empleados y el servicio al cliente. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la literatura sobre el comportamiento del consumidor en el contexto del consumo, al comparar el valor funcional y el valor simbólico.

Resumen: Esta investigación aborda la diversidad de rasgos en el mercado minorista mexicano, buscando identificar atributos comunes fundamentales entre los consumidores de tiendas de retail. El objetivo es analizar las variaciones en las preferencias de distintos tipos de consumidores con respecto a las estrategias de precios implementadas por un supermercado y cómo estas contribuyen a una experiencia transformadora. Se destacan cinco segmentos de consumidores prósperos: i) myopic switcher light, ii) strategic switchers light, iii) myopic switchers heavy, iv) strategic loyal heavy, y v) myopic loyal light. La aplicación del enfoque de segmentación permite a los tomadores de decisiones discernir estrategias más aceptadas en cada segmento, facilitando la comprensión de cómo abordar efectivamente las características distintivas de los consumidores. Este enfoque informado proporciona un marco valioso para especialistas y tomadores de decisiones de marketing, permitiéndoles adaptar estrategias específicas según las preferencias diferenciadas de los consumidores en el mercado minorista mexicano. La investigación destaca la viabilidad de adoptar estrategias de precios basadas en la segmentación de mercado en distintas regiones, ofreciendo hitos prácticos para eficientizar la implementación de tácticas de precios en el contexto retail en México.

Abstract: The present research addresses the diversity of traits in the Mexican retail market, aiming to find fundamental common attributes among consumers in retail stores. Aim: To examine differences in preferences among various consumer segments regarding pricing strategies implemented by a supermarket and their role in fostering a transformative experience. Five prosperous consumer segments are highlighted: i) myopic switcher light, ii) strategic switchers light, iii) myopic switchers heavy, iv) strategic loyal heavy, and v) myopic loyal light. The application of the segmentation approach allows decision-makers to discern more accepted strategies in each segment, easing an understanding of how to effectively address the distinctive characteristics of consumers. This informed approach supplies a valuable framework for specialists and marketing decision-makers, enabling them to adapt specific strategies grounded regarding the diverse preferences exhibited by consumers in the Mexican retail sector. The research highlights the feasibility of adopting market segmentation-based pricing strategies in various regions, providing practical milestones to streamline the implementation of pricing tactics in the Mexican retail context.

ABSTRACT This research aims to empirically examine the internal branding processes implemented by a global sports fashion firm to turn all employees into competent brand ambassadors. Brand-oriented training was hypothesized as an antecedent of salesperson brand identification and brand commitment, which drive brand-aligned behavior, the critical trait of employee brand ambassadors. These hypotheses were tested by surveying 141 corporate and retail employees of a global sportswear fashion brand's regional operations in Mexico. The principal conclusion is that brand-oriented training proves a significant driver of salesperson brand identification. Furthermore, brand identification drives brand commitment and brand-aligned behavior among all company employees, not just salespersons.

RESUMEN Esta investigación tiene como objetivo examinar empíricamente los procesos de branding interno, implementados por una importante firma de moda deportiva para convertir a todos los empleados en embajadores de marca competentes. Se planteó la hipótesis de que la capacitación orientada a la marca es un antecedente de la identificación y el compromiso con la marca por parte del vendedor, lo que impulsa un comportamiento alineado con la marca, el rasgo crítico de los empleados embajadores de la marca. Estas hipótesis se probaron encuestando a 141 empleados corporativos y minoristas de las operaciones regionales de una importante marca de moda deportiva en México. La principal conclusión es que la capacitación orientada a la marca proporciona un impulsor significativo de la identificación de la marca por parte de los vendedores. Además, la identificación de la marca impulsa el compromiso con la marca y el comportamiento alineado con la marca entre todos los empleados de la empresa, no sólo entre los vendedores.

BACKGROUND. Complementary medicines (CMs) for infantile colic are widely available on the South African market, in various pharmacies and retail outlets, without the need for a prescription. Pharmacists therefore have an important role to play in educating patients about safe and appropriate use of CM products. OBJECTIVES. To investigate the perceptions and prescribing patterns of CMs for infantile colic by pharmacists and pharmacist assistants employed in the greater Johannesburg area. METHODS. We used a quantitative approach with a descriptive survey design. A total of 100 pharmacists and pharmacist assistants registered with the South African Pharmacy Council completed a pen-and-paper questionnaire. RESULTS. Many participants reported recommending both conventional and CMs for infantile colic and, overall, positive perceptions of CM were reported. Most participants agreed that they had a responsibility to counsel patients on the use of CM but felt that they needed to expand their own knowledge base. CONCLUSIONS. There appears to be a positive shift towards CM for the treatment of infantile colic; however, improved training is needed to ensure pharmacists and pharmacist assistants are better informed regarding CM products in order to give appropriate advice to patients.

Resumen Este trabajo compara el desempeño de la memoria de corto y largo plazo (LSTM, por sus siglas en inglés) univariada y multivariada en la predicción de los precios de cierre del día siguiente de cuatro acciones del sector de consumo minorista en la Bolsa Mexicana de Valores. El error absoluto medio (MAE, por sus siglas en inglés), el error porcentual absoluto medio (MAPE, por sus siglas en inglés), la mediana del error porcentual absoluto (MdAPE, por sus siglas en inglés) y la raíz del error cuadrático medio (RMSE, por sus siglas en inglés) se utilizan para probar el desempeño de las redes. Por un lado, los resultados muestran un mejor desempeño en el pro nóstico multivariado de precios cuando se utilizan secuencias de 20 y 15 días de duración, generando resultados coherentes para la muestra, incluidas las acciones líquidas e ilíquidas. Por otro lado, la LSTM univariada revela un desempeño de pronóstico menor para la predicción del precio de acciones ilíquidas.

Abstract This study compares the performance of univariate and multivariate Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to predict next-day closing prices on four stocks in the consumer retail sector of the Mexican Stock Exchange. Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Median Absolute Percentage Error (MdAPE), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) are used to test the networks’ performance. Results show a better performance on multivariate price forecasts when using 20-day and 15-day length sequences, generating consistent results for the sample, including illiquid and liquid stocks. On the other hand, univariate LSTM discloses lower forecast performance when predicting the price of illiquid stocks.

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize in the retail outlets the marketing strategies used in food and non-alcoholic beverages aimed at children, adolescents, and their parents or guardians (shoppers) which influence the purchase of products of high energy content and low nutritional value in Costa Rica. Data collection was carried out in 2018 with an observation guide applied at the retail outlets (RO) (n: 12) and a questionnaire aimed at parents or guardians (shoppers) (n: 72) of the child and adolescent population. The study found that the marketing strategy most frequently used in the entry, cash and exit area the retail outlets was price reduction (79,0, 87.5 and 88,0%, respectively).There is a frequent and varied use of marketing strategies in retail outlets for calorie-dense food products with an excess of critical nutrients that are relevant in public health due to their association with obesity and non-communicable diseases.

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar en los puntos de venta de Costa Rica las estrategias de mercadeo utilizadas en alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas dirigidas a la población infantil, adolescente y a sus padres o tutores (compradores), que influyen en la compra de productos de alto contenido energético y bajo valor nutricional. La recolección de datos se realizó en el 2018 mediante una guía de observación aplicada al punto de venta (n:12) y un cuestionario dirigido a los padres o tutores (n: 72) de la población infantil y adolescente. Se encontró que la estrategia de mercadeo utilizada con mayor frecuencia en el área de entrada, caja y salida del punto de venta fue la reducción de precios (79,0; 87,5 y 88,0%, respectivamente). En los puntos de venta existe un empleo frecuente y variado de estrategias de mercadeo de productos alimenticios densamente calóricos y con un exceso de nutrientes críticos que son relevantes en salud pública por su asociación con la obesidad y enfermedades no transmisibles.

El presente estudio investiga la influencia de la presentación de la etiqueta de precio en la intención de compra de nuevos productos disponibles en una tienda minorista. Se realizó un experimento entre sujetos con diseño 2 (Etiqueta de precio: presente o ausente) x 2 (Etiqueta informativa: presente o ausente) con 195 participantes norteamericanos reclutados a través de un panel en línea (es decir, Figure Eight). Los consumidores presentan mayores intenciones de compra para productos con un atractivo novedoso (por ejemplo, marcado con una etiqueta “Nuevo”) cuando también se presenta con la etiqueta de precio, dándoles una idea de que se está vendiendo un producto novedoso. Curiosamente, si el producto no se comercializa con ninguna etiqueta informativa (por ejemplo, “Nuevo”), la falta de presentación de precios aumenta la intención de compra. Además de eso, cuando las personas consideran que el producto es al menos ‘más o menos’ caro, la etiqueta informativa “Nuevo” desencadena una mayor intención de compra en comparación con la falta de la etiqueta informativa. Esta investigación contribuye significativamente tanto a la teoría como a la práctica, demostrando cómo los minoristas pueden comunicar eficazmente nuevos productos tanto en la venta minorista tradicional como en línea. Etiqueta ausente 19 decir Eight. Eight . Eight) por ejemplo Nuevo Curiosamente Nuevo, , eso más caro “Nuevo práctica 1

ABSTRACT The present study investigates the influence of price tag presentation on the purchase intention of new products available at a retail store. A 2 (Price tag: present or absent) x 2 (Informational tag: present or absent) design between-subjects experiment was conducted with 195 U.S. participants recruited through an online panel (i.e., Figure Eight). Consumers present higher purchase intentions for products with a novelty appeal (e.g., marked with a “New” tag) when also presented with the price tag, giving them an idea that a novel product is being sold. Curiously, if the product is not marketed with any informational tag (e.g., “New”), the lack of price presentation increases purchase intention. Besides that, when people consider the product at least ‘more or less’ expensive, the informational tag “New” triggers a higher purchase intention compared to the lack of the informational tag. This research significantly contributes to both theory and practice, demonstrating how retailers can effectively communicate new products in both online and offline retailing. store Price absent Informational betweensubjects between subjects 19 US U S U.S i.e., ie i e (i.e. Eight. Eight . Eight) e.g., eg g (e.g. New “New sold Curiously New, , “New”) more less expensive practice retailing 1 i.e. (i.e e.g. (e.g i.e e.g

O presente estudo investiga a influência da apresentação da etiqueta de preço na intenção de compra de novos produtos disponíveis em uma loja de varejo. Foi realizado um experimento entre sujeitos com design 2 (etiqueta de preço: presente ou ausente) x 2 (etiqueta informativa: presente ou ausente) com 195 participantes dos EUA recrutados através de um painel online, ou seja, Figure Eight. Os consumidores apresentaram maiores intenções de compra para produtos com apelo de novidade (por exemplo, mercadoria com uma etiqueta “Novo”) quando também é apresentada a etiqueta de preço, dando-lhes a ideia de que um produto novo está sendo vendido. Curiosamente, se o produto não é comercializado com alguma etiqueta informativa (por exemplo, “Novo”), a falta de apresentação de preço aumenta a intenção de compra. Além disso, quando as pessoas consideram o produto um pouco caro, a etiqueta informativa “Novo” desencadeia uma maior intenção de compra, o que não ocorre quando não há uma etiqueta. Esta pesquisa contribui significativamente para a teoria e a prática, demonstrando como os varejistas podem comunicar efetivamente novos produtos tanto no varejo tradicional quanto online. ausente 19 online seja Eight por exemplo Novo dandolhes dando lhes vendido Curiosamente Novo, , disso caro “Novo prática 1

ABSTRACT Population growth generates a greater demand for food, thus increasing food waste. The fight against this problem began in several countries with strict regulations managing food waste. In the case of Peru, an analysis of progress in the field is presented. The objective of the article is to analyze the management of food waste in Peru and worldwide, both in terms of regulations and current situation; for this purpose, a bibliographic review was conducted taking into account the guidelines of circularity in food. The results obtained demonstrate deficiencies in both Peruvian and global regulatory frameworks, with the exception of Europe. The increase in food waste generation was analyzed globally in households, retail establishments, and the service industry. Countries share concerns about the increase in waste and seek to align themselves with the circularity model. In the case of Peru, this implies modifying and improving regulations with the involvement of relevant stakeholders. Therefore, actions are proposed to promote circularity in food management with a sustainability vision, such as proposals for national actions and basic principles, with collaboration between industries, government, and civil society.

RESUMEN El crecimiento poblacional genera una mayor demanda alimenticia y, con ello, aumenta el desperdicio de alimentos. La lucha contra este problema inició en varios países con estrictas regulaciones que gestionan los residuos alimentarios. En el caso del Perú, se muestra un análisis de lo avanzado en el rubro. El objetivo del artículo es analizar el manejo de residuos alimentarios en el Perú y el mundo, tanto en normatividad y situación; para ello se realizó una revisión bibliográfica tomando en cuenta los lineamientos de circularidad en los alimentos. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran deficiencias en el marco regulatorio tanto peruano como mundial, con excepción de Europa. Se analizó el incremento de la generación de residuos alimentarios a nivel mundial en hogares, establecimientos minoristas y la industria del servicio. Los países coinciden en la preocupación por el aumento de los residuos y buscan enmarcarse en el modelo de circularidad. En el caso del Perú, ello implica modificar y mejorar la regulación con la participación de actores involucrados. Ante ello, se propone acciones para fomentar la circularidad en la gestión de alimentos con una visión de sostenibilidad, tales como propuestas de acciones nacionales y principios básicos, con la colaboración entre industrias, gobierno y sociedad civil.

ABSTRACT The coffee sector is estimated to have a retail market value in excess of USD 83 billion, and over 125 million jobs have been created in the global coffee chain. The coffee specialty market has recently increased significantly, generating opportunities to certify coffee beans produced by sustainable practices. This avoids practices potentially harmful to the environment. Agroforestry, organic farming, intercropping, and soil conservation strategies are examples of sustainable alternatives in the production of coffee. In this review, we focus on practices for the sustainable management of coffee plantations that can help farmers fight problems caused by global warming. More specifically, we address soil organic matter and microbiota, the use of Urochloa grass as intercrop in coffee plantations, shading systems (including agroforestry), and organic coffee production. We concluded that from the agronomic viewpoint, we already have production techniques that can replace traditional ones with significant advantages accruing to the quality of coffee orchard ecosystems. Nevertheless, we need scientific research efforts to deal with the existing gaps and the engagement of the whole coffee chain as a means of guaranteeing an adequate profit to those smallholders who adopt and maintain sustainable practice and are capable of bringing several positive changes to the coffee crop, including the use of microbia-based commercial products and new organic sources of nutrients to complement chemical fertilizers and improve coffee quality. 8 billion 12 significantly environment Agroforestry farming intercropping review warming specifically microbiota agroforestry, agroforestry , agroforestry) viewpoint ecosystems Nevertheless crop microbiabased microbia based 1

Abstract This study aims to identify the direction and intensity of transmission of shocks in the prices of corn grain, available to rural producers, on the prices of products that use corn grain as an input, available to final Brazilian consumers. The products considered in the analysis were chicken meat, pork, beef, eggs, milk, and ethanol. The estimation method employed was the Structural Error-Corrected Vector Autoregression (SVEC), based on data from January 2001 to December 2022. The results indicate that shocks in corn grain prices positively influence all retail products. The cumulative 12-month elasticity of impulse to the unanticipated 1% shock in corn prices, the most expressive impacts were on egg prices (0.197%), pork (0.145%), followed by chicken meat (0.137%), ethanol (0.107%), beef (0.086%), and milk and dairy products (0.031%). producers input consumers eggs ErrorCorrected Error Corrected SVEC, SVEC , (SVEC) 200 2022 12month month 12 1 0.197%, 0197 0.197% 0 197 (0.197%) 0.145%, 0145 0.145% 145 (0.145%) 0.137%, 0137 0.137% 137 (0.137%) 0.107%, 0107 0.107% 107 (0.107%) 0.086%, 0086 0.086% 086 (0.086%) 0.031%. 0031 0.031% . 031 (0.031%) (SVEC 20 202 019 0.197 19 (0.197% 014 0.145 14 (0.145% 013 0.137 13 (0.137% 010 0.107 10 (0.107% 008 0.086 08 (0.086% 003 0.031 03 (0.031% 2 01 0.19 (0.197 0.14 (0.145 0.13 (0.137 0.10 (0.107 00 0.08 (0.086 0.03 (0.031 0.1 (0.19 (0.14 (0.13 (0.10 0.0 (0.08 (0.03 0. (0.1 (0.0 (0. (0 (

Resumo O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar a direção e a intensidade de transmissão de choques nos preços do milho em grão, disponível ao produtor rural, sobre os preços nas principais cadeias produtivas que utilizam o cereal como insumo e sobre os preços de produtos disponíveis ao consumidor final brasileiro. Os produtos considerados na análise foram carne de frango, carne suína, carne bovina, ovos, leite e etanol. O método de estimação empregado foi o de Autorregressão Vetorial com Correção de Erro na sua versão estrutural (SVEC), com base nos dados do período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2022. Os resultados indicam que choques nos preços do milho em grão influenciam positivamente todos os produtos no varejo. As elasticidades acumuladas em 12 meses de impulso ao choque não antecipado de 1% nos preços do milho evidenciam que os impactos mais expressivos foram sobre os preços dos ovos (0,197%), carne de suínos (0,145%), seguidos por carne de frango (0,137%), etanol (0,107%), carne de bovinos (0,086%) e leite e derivados (0,031%). rural brasileiro suína bovina SVEC, SVEC , (SVEC) 200 2022 varejo 1 0,197%, 0197 0,197% 0 197 (0,197%) 0,145%, 0145 0,145% 145 (0,145%) 0,137%, 0137 0,137% 137 (0,137%) 0,107%, 0107 0,107% 107 (0,107%) 0,086% 0086 086 (0,086% 0,031%. 0031 0,031% . 031 (0,031%) (SVEC 20 202 019 0,197 19 (0,197% 014 0,145 14 (0,145% 013 0,137 13 (0,137% 010 0,107 10 (0,107% 0,086 008 08 (0,086 003 0,031 03 (0,031% 2 01 0,19 (0,197 0,14 (0,145 0,13 (0,137 0,10 (0,107 0,08 00 (0,08 0,03 (0,031 0,1 (0,19 (0,14 (0,13 (0,10 0,0 (0,0 (0,03 0, (0,1 (0, (0 (

Resumen: Los desastres provocan cambios en la morbilidad, mortalidad y en el uso de medicamentos. Brasil es líder en la producción de minerales con grandes costos ambientales. Los desechos mineros se almacenan en represas y las roturas de dichas represas han causado grandes desastres. Investigamos el consumo de medicamentos psicoactivos en municipios afectados por el desastre de la presa de Fundão, en Minas Gerais. Se realizó un estudio ecológico sobre el consumo de medicamentos, con base en datos de compras públicas y distribución en farmacias privadas minoristas de Minas Gerais. El consumo (en número de dosis diarias definidas/100.000 habitantes por día) se analizó descriptivamente en ocho municipios, estratificados según el nivel de consumo durante un período de 25 meses. Se realizaron seis comparaciones de los valores medios de consumo para los dos conjuntos de datos de los períodos anterior y posterior al desastre. Se calculó el consumo medio de medicamentos antes y después del evento y se añadieron las tendencias lineales. Los datos de compras públicas mostraron altos niveles de consumo. Solo el comercio minorista farmacéutico presentó diferencias significativas entre los estratos en el período anterior al desastre frente a dos períodos posteriores al desastre. Los municipios más pequeños presentaron un aumento en el consumo a partir del 15º mes después del desastre. El clonazepam lideró el consumo en el comercio minorista farmacéutico, seguido de la fluoxetina. Los medicamentos presentaron una tendencia al alza después del desastre. La elevada oferta pública puede haber afectado los patrones de consumo significativo de medicamentos psicoactivos; sin embargo, se observaron aumentos en el comercio privado, lo que sugiere cambios en los patrones de uso después del desastre. La disminución del consumo inmediatamente después del evento probablemente relacionada con un menor comportamiento de búsqueda de cuidados por parte de la población, y los aumentos significativos posteriores pueden reflejar las consecuencias económicas del desastre. Resumen morbilidad ambientales Fundão Gerais definidas100000 definidas 100 000 definidas/100.00 día 2 meses lineales º fluoxetina embargo privado población definidas10000 10 00 definidas/100.0 definidas1000 1 0 definidas/100. definidas100 definidas/100 definidas10 definidas/10 definidas1 definidas/1 definidas/

Abstract: Disasters cause changes in morbidity, mortality, and medicine use. Brazil is one of the main producers of mineral ores at great environmental cost. Mine tailings are stored in dams and ruptures have led to major disasters. We investigated the consumption of psychoactive medicines in the municipalities affected by the Fundão dam disaster in Minas Gerais State. An ecological study was carried out on drug consumption, estimated using public purchases in Minas Gerais and dispensing data from private retail pharmacies. Consumption (in number of defined daily doses/100,000 inhabitants per day) was analyzed descriptively in eight municipalities, stratified according to consumption level during a 25-month period. Six comparisons of mean consumption values for both data sets were done for pre- and post-disaster periods. The means of medicine consumption before and after the event were plotted and linear trends were added. Public purchase data evinced high consumption levels. Only pharmaceutical retail showed significant differences between the strata in the pre-disaster versus two post-disaster periods. Smaller municipalities showed an increase in consumption 15 months after the disaster. Clonazepam led the way in pharmaceutical retail consumption, followed by fluoxetine. Medicines showed an upward trend after the disaster. The high public provision may have stifled significant consumption patterns of psychoactive drugs; however, peak consumption were observed in private retail, suggesting a modification in use patterns after the disaster. The decrease in consumption immediately after the event was probably related to lower care-seeking behavior on the part of the population, and significant peaks after the disaster may reflect economic consequences of it. Abstract morbidity mortality cost disasters State pharmacies doses100000 doses 100 000 doses/100,00 day 25month month 25 period pre postdisaster post periods added levels predisaster 1 fluoxetine drugs however careseeking care seeking population it doses10000 10 00 doses/100,0 2 doses1000 0 doses/100, doses100 doses/100 doses10 doses/10 doses1 doses/1 doses/

Resumo: Os desastres provocam alterações na morbidade, mortalidade e no uso de medicamentos. O Brasil é líder na produção de minérios com grande custo ambiental. Os rejeitos de mineração são armazenados em barragens e as rupturas dessas barragens têm causados grandes desastres. Investigamos o consumo de medicamentos psicoativos em municípios atingidos pelo desastre da Barragem de Fundão, em Minas Gerais. Foi realizado um estudo ecológico sobre o consumo de medicamentos, com base em dados de compras públicas e distribuição de farmácias privadas do varejo de Minas Gerais. O consumo (em número de doses diárias definidas/100 mil habitantes por dia) foi analisado descritivamente em oito municípios, estratificados segundo o nível de consumo durante um período de 25 meses. Foram feitas seis comparações de valores médios de consumo para os dois conjuntos de dados dos períodos pré- e pós-desastre. Foram calculadas as médias de consumo de medicamentos antes e depois do evento e adicionadas tendências lineares. Os dados de compras públicas mostraram elevados níveis de consumo. Apenas o varejo farmacêutico apresentou diferenças significativas entre os estratos no período pré-desastre versus dois períodos pós-desastre. Municípios menores apresentaram aumento no consumo a partir do 15º mês após o desastre. Clonazepam liderou o consumo no varejo farmacêutico, seguido pela fluoxetina. Os medicamentos apresentaram tendência de alta após o desastre. A elevada oferta pública pode ter afetado os padrões de consumo significativo de medicamentos psicoativos; no entanto, foram observados aumentos no comércio privado, sugerindo alterações nos padrões de uso após o desastre. A diminuição do consumo imediatamente após o evento estava provavelmente relacionada a um menor comportamento de procura de cuidados por parte da população e os aumentos significativos posteriores podem refletir as consequências econômicas do desastre. Resumo morbidade ambiental Fundão Gerais definidas100 definidas 100 definidas/10 dia 2 meses pré pósdesastre. pósdesastre pós pós-desastre lineares prédesastre º fluoxetina entanto privado definidas10 10 definidas/1 definidas1 1 definidas/

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the internal quality of free-range eggs available for sale in Alfenas – MG, Brazil, and stored under refrigerated conditions (maximum and minimum temperatures of 9.7 and 6.7 °C, respectively). The experimental design was completely randomized, structured as a 2x5 factorial arrangement involving two types of retail outlets (supermarket (S) and open-air market (OA)) and five storage periods (1, 8, 15, 22, and 29 days), resulting in 10 treatments. Each treatment had six replicates, represented by individual eggs. The following parameters were evaluated: Haugh unit (HU); percentage of egg weight loss (WL%); percentages of albumen, yolk, and shell; yolk index (YI); albumen index (AI); yolk pH; and yolk color. Egg weight loss increased (p<0.05) with the length of the storage period. Eggs acquired from S were deemed to be of inferior quality (HU < 60), in contrast to those obtained from OA (p<0.05). A significant interaction effect was noted for YI (p<0.05), with eggs from S exhibiting higher YI values than those from OA at 15 and 22 days of storage. Additionally, eggs from S had diminished AI values (p<0.05) when compared to those acquired from OA. The yolk color in eggs from S was more intense than that in eggs from OA (p<0.05). A lower yolk percentage was detected in eggs from S relative to those from OA (p<0.05). Therefore, eggs sold in Alfenas – MG, Brazil, from open-air markets possess superior quality compared to those sold in supermarkets. freerange free range MG Brazil maximum 97 9 7 9. 67 6 6. C °C respectively. respectively . respectively) randomized x 2x supermarket (S openair open air (OA) 1, 1 (1 8 2 days, , days) treatments replicates evaluated HU (HU) WL% WL (WL%) shell (YI) (AI) pH p<0.05 p005 p 0 05 (p<0.05 period 60, 60 60) p<0.05. p<0.05, Additionally Therefore supermarkets (OA ( (WL% (YI (AI p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 (WL p<0. p0 (p<0. p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade interna de ovos tipo caipira comercializados na cidade de Alfenas – MG, armazenados sob refrigeração (máxima 9,7°C e mínima 6,7°C). Os ovos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x5, sendo dois estabelecimentos comerciais (supermercado (S) e feira livre (FL)) e cinco períodos de armazenamento (um, oito, 15, 22, 29 dias) totalizando 10 tratamentos com 6 repetições (ovo) cada. As variáveis analisadas foram unidade Haugh(UH), perda de peso dos ovos (PP%), porcentagem de albúmen, gema e casca, índice de gema (IG) e albúmen (IA), pH de gema e coloração da gema. A PP% aumentou (p<0,05) conforme o período de armazenamento. Os ovos do S foram classificados como de baixa qualidade (UH < 60), diferindo dos ovos da FL (p<0,05). Para o IG observou-se uma interação significativa (p<0,05), de modo que, aos 15 e 22 dias de armazenamento os ovos do S apresentaram maior IG que aqueles provenientes da FL. Os ovos do S apresentaram valores inferiores de IA (p<0,05) em relação aos adquiridos na FL. Ovos do S apresentaram coloração de gema mais acentuada que os ovos comercializados na FL (p<0,05). Constatou-se menor porcentagem de gema dos ovos do S quando comparados com os da FL (p<0,05). Os ovos comercializados na cidade de Alfenas-MG provenientes de feira livre apresentam qualidade superior aos do supermercado. Objetivouse Objetivou se MG máxima 97C C 9 7 6,7°C. 67C 6,7°C . 6,7°C) casualizado 2x5 x supermercado (S (FL) um, (um oito 2 1 ovo (ovo cada HaughUH, HaughUH Haugh UH , Haugh(UH) PP%, PP (PP%) casca (IG IA, (IA) p<0,05 p005 p 0 05 (p<0,05 60, 60 60) p<0,05. observouse observou p<0,05, Constatouse Constatou AlfenasMG 2x (FL Haugh(UH (PP% (IA p<0,0 p00 (p<0,0 (PP p<0, p0 (p<0, p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

BACKGROUND: South African pharmacies face challenges like cost reduction, inventory management, and employee efficiency. Balancing dispensing error rates and customer satisfaction, along with ensuring accurate medication dispensing, is also crucial. An effective solution to these challenges is adopting automatic robotic dispensing systems, which enhance stock inventory management, integrated systems, and accurate dispensing capabilities. OBJECTIVES: The study delved into IT and robotic automation in South African pharmaceutical dispensing, assessing current methods and advocating for integrated IT and Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems in retail and hospital pharmacies. METHOD: The research used a quantitative approach to gather data from public and private hospital pharmacy employees, aiming to understand their requirements and expectations. It assessed the potential improvements that could result from adopting a new system RESULTS: The study found that most government and private pharmacies in South Africa prefer automated dispensing systems to reduce errors, lower costs, improve customer service, and enhance inventory management. Benefits also included minimising medication errors, improving operational efficiency, and ensuring patient safety. CONCLUSION: The study holds importance as it underscores the necessity of integrating Information Technology (IT) and Robotic Automation in the pharmaceutical sector to address prevailing issues. It identifies factors contributing to medication dispensing errors and demonstrates the potential of automated robotic systems in mitigating these errors. CONTRIBUTION: South Africa's pharmaceutical sector must enhance efficiency and competitiveness by adopting integrated IT and Robotic Automation Systems. The study identified key factors for future implementation and emphasized the need for clear pre-implementation policies outlining functions and benefits.

Vegetable farmers are faced with computational and informational restrictions when making marketing decisions. Fresh produce markets in South Africa lack an efficient approach to supply chain management, from the farmers to the consumers. Improving market access can incentivise smallholder farmers to scale up their production. The present paper investigates factors influencing smallholder vegetable farmers' choice of market channels in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A structured questionnaire and a multi-stage sampling technique were used to select 149 vegetable farmers. Multivariate probit regression and descriptive statistics were used for analysis. The results show that most sampled vegetable farmers in the study area sell their vegetable produce to traditional, wholesale, and retail outlets compared to other outlets. The study found that vegetable farmers can substitute one market with the other. Various socio-economic characteristics, transaction costs, asset ownership, membership of farm organisations, and access to extension services influence the selection choice. The study recommends intensive education and training to capacitate smallholder farmers through extension officers and farm organisations to enable farmers to understand and meet the requirements of high-value markets.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shopper motivation on shopping apathy among South African consumers. The study also interrogated the moderating role of time spent on retail shopping. The purpose was to determine if time spent mediates the effect of shopper motivation on shopper apathy DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The study adopted a survey research method, with a questionnaire instrument utilised for data collection. The target population of this study consisted of shoppers at one of the malls in the town of Thohoyandou in Venda. A survey was conducted according to the convenience sampling approach, and 250 respondents were targeted. Data analysis was processed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 27 for Windows. The Cronbach alpha was used to determine if the items used to test the reliability of the variables of store attributes were consistent FINDINGS: The findings of the study revealed that convenience, shopping enjoyment and price consciousness influence shopper apathy. The time spent was found to have a mediation effect on the influence that shopper motivation has on shopper apathy RECOMMENDATIONS/VALUE: The study recommended that retailers should identify shopper types and formulate appropriate strategies to motivate consumers to spend more time in retail stores MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The findings of this study could assist retail managers in managing shopper apathy. Retailers will also have a better understanding of shoppers' motivation to shop at their stores JEL CLASSIFICATION: E21, M31