RESUMO Os sistemas de produção integrados surgiram como uma estratégia de produção sustentável na intensificação do uso da terra com impacto mínimo nas funções do ecossistema. Este estudo utilizou ferramentas de agricultura de precisão para investigar a variabilidade espacial de propriedades do solo e da vegetação em área de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta (ILPF) e área de Integração Pecuária-Floresta (IPF) em São Carlos, SP, Brasil. Consequentemente, foram avaliados: (1) as propriedades físico-químicas do solo, (2) a resistividade elétrica, e (3) os atributos da cultura do Eucalyptus urograndis que compõem a área de estudo. As amostragens foram realizadas em (1) agosto de 2021 nas profundidades de 0-0,2 e 0,2-0,4 m; (2) outubro de 2021 nas profundidades de 0-0,5, 0-1,0 e 0-2,0 m; e (3) abril de 2021 e abril de 2022. Os resultados indicaram que os valores dos parâmetros de fertilidade do solo foram adequados ao desenvolvimento da cultura e apresentaram baixa variabilidade espacial. As análises de solo indicaram baixa acidez, altos teores de matéria orgânica, teores médios de fósforo, potássio e capacidade de troca catiônica e altos teores de cálcio, magnésio e saturação por base. Entretanto, foram observados locais com maior variabilidade espacial para cálcio, refletindo variabilidade na capacidade de troca catiônica e saturação por base. A granulometria e a resistividade elétrica do solo apresentaram baixa variabilidade espacial na camada superficial. Mesmo sem diferenças nas propriedades do solo, houve diferença de 15% no maior volume de madeira no sistema IPF em comparação ao ILPF. ecossistema LavouraPecuáriaFloresta Lavoura Pecuária Floresta ILPF (ILPF PecuáriaFloresta (IPF Carlos SP Brasil Consequentemente avaliados 1 (1 físicoquímicas físico químicas 2 (2 3 (3 202 00,2 002 0 0,2 0-0, 0,20,4 0204 0,4 4 0,2-0, m 00,5, 005 0,5, 5 0-0,5 01,0 010 1,0 0-1, 02,0 020 2,0 0-2, 2022 acidez orgânica fósforo cálcio base Entretanto superficial 15 ( 20 00 00, 02 0, 0-0 0,20, 04 0,2-0 00,5 05 0,5 01 01, 10 1, 0-1 02, 2, 0-2 0- 0,20 0,2-

ABSTRACT Integrated production systems have emerged as a sustainable production strategy in intensifying land use with minimal impact on ecosystem functions. This study used precision agriculture tools to investigate the spatial variability of soil and vegetation properties in an integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) and in an integrated livestock-forestry (ILF) area of São Carlos city, SP, Brazil. Consequently, the following were assessed: (1) the soil physicochemical properties, (2) the electrical resistivity, and (3) the attributes of the Eucalyptus urograndis crop comprising the study area. Samplings were performed in (1) August 2021 at depths of 0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m; (2) October 2021 at depths of 0-0.5, 0-1.0, and 0-2.0 m; and (3) April 2021 and April 2022. Results indicated that the values for soil fertility parameters were suitable for crop development and presented low spatial variability. Soil analyses indicated low acidity, high levels of organic matter, average cation exchange capacity, phosphorus and potassium contents, high base saturation, and calcium and magnesium levels. However, locations with greater spatial variability for calcium were observed, reflecting cation exchange capacity and base saturation variability. Soil granulometry and electrical resistivity had a low spatial variability at the surface layer. Even without differences in the soil properties, there was a difference of 15% in the larger wood volume in the ILF then ICLF system. functions croplivestockforestry livestock forestry (ICLF livestockforestry (ILF city SP Brazil Consequently assessed 1 (1 2 (2 3 (3 202 00.2 002 0 0.2 0-0. 0.20.4 0204 0.4 4 0.2-0. m 00.5, 005 0.5, 5 0-0.5 01.0, 010 1.0, 0-1.0 02.0 020 2.0 0-2. 2022 acidity matter contents However observed layer 15 system ( 20 00 00. 02 0. 0-0 0.20. 04 0.2-0 00.5 05 0.5 01 01.0 10 1.0 0-1. 02. 2. 0-2 0- 0.20 0.2- 01. 1. 0-1

ABSTRACT This work investigates the potentiality of the 2D electrical resistivity tomography method to delineate an altered intrusive rock domain. The detection and characterization of such altered domains are crucial to understanding local hydrogeological conditions. Here, the target is the San Luis area, located in the northern part of the Estibaná River watershed, within the Los Santos Province in the central region of the Isthmus of Panama. First, a detailed geological survey was carried out to better constrain the tectonic structures. Then, two geological sections were developed based on two 2D electrical resistivity tomographies. A geoelectrical simulation process was conducted in both sections to set theoretical models whose model responses (synthetic field data set) would be consistent with the observations. After appropriate selection of the inversion parameters by using the Boundless Electrical Resistivity Tomography (BERT) code, the observations were processed, resulting in low calculation errors (χ2 < 0.51). Based on the superficial geological information and the results of the geophysical modelling, two profiles were established, depicting the lateral and in-depth distribution of rocks and sediments. The limit of the Ocú-Parita fault zone was identified as well. The results of the 2D inversion of the synthetic data, obtained with the established theoretical models, are consistent with the 2D inversion of the observations. Electrical resistivity tomography studies can be useful in establishing groundwater management models, particularly in areas that experience severe water scarcity during the dry season.

RESUMEN Este trabajo investiga la capacidad del método de tomografía de resistividad eléctrica 2D para delinear un dominio de roca intrusiva alterada. La detección y caracterización de este tipo de intrusivos juega un papel importante en esclarecer el contexto hidrogeológico local. La zona de estudio corresponde al área de San Luis, ubicada en la parte norte de la cuenca del río Estibaná, provincia de Los Santos, región central del istmo de Panamá. Para reconocer las estructuras tectónicas de la zona, se realizó primero un levantamiento geológico superficial de detalle. Posteriormente, se efectuaron dos tomografías de resistividad eléctrica 2D a fin de confeccionar dos secciones geológicas. Un proceso de simulación geoeléctrica fue llevado a cabo en ambas secciones para establecer modelos teóricos cuyas respuestas (conjunto de datos de campo sintéticos) fuesen acordes con las observaciones. Posterior a la selección apropiada de los parámetros de inversión mediante el código BERT (Boundless Electrical Resistivity Tomography), las observaciones fueron procesadas, obteniéndose errores de cálculo bajos (χ2 < 0,51). Al combinar la información geológica de superficie y los resultados del modelado geofísico, se crearon dos perfiles geológicos donde es posible observar la distribución lateral y en profundidad de rocas y sedimentos, así como el límite de la zona de falla Ocú-Parita. Los resultados de la inversión 2D de los datos sintéticos obtenidos mediante los modelos teóricos establecidos concuerdan con aquellos de la inversión 2D de las observaciones. Estudios de tomografía de resistividad eléctrica pueden ser útiles en proporcionar modelos de gestión de agua subterránea, particularmente en áreas que experimentan escasez hídrica severa durante la temporada seca.

Abstrac Chalcogenide glasses are within the group of phase change materials and are promising in their application to non-volatile electronic memories. Under electrical pulses, they can circulate between two amorphous and crystalline struc-tural states that are well differentiated in their conductivity. Assuming that the phase change mechanisms depend on the energy per unit volume delivered to the sensitive material, it is desirable to build cells on a micrometer scale, al-so considering that they could eventually be integrated into microelectronic manufacturing processes. In a previous work, we observed an abrupt decrease in the resistance of Sb70Te30 base thin films deposited by laser ablation in a temperature range of approximately 445 K when the sample is heated at low rates. From the results of differential scan-ning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction on samples obtained by the same method, we associate the change in resistivity with the crystallization process. In this work, we build micrometric devices with rectangular surface with Sb70Te30 as sensitive material, deposited on coplanar electrodes with spacing L (8 and 16 pm) and width W (4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 pm). We measure the voltage response of the devices when excited by scanning of increasing current and, between consecutive scanning, we measure the remaining resistance by applying a constant voltage value. In curves I-V, we identify a transformation from the original state to one of lower resistance, attributable to crystallization, but it was not possible to perform the reverse transformation to a state of higher resistance. Starting from the lack of knowledge about the conductivity of the material, we simulate the electric field in the cell using the Finite Element Method. The electrical conductivity of the chalcogenide glass in its initial state (amorphous) was estimated by adjusting its value in the simulations with different geometries, minimizing the difference between the measured and simulated resistances.

Resumen Los vidrios calcogenuros se encuentran dentro del grupo de los materiales de cambio de fase y son prometedores en su aplicación a memorias electrónicas no volátiles. Bajo pulsos eléctricos, pueden ciclar entre dos estados estructurales amorfo y cristalino que están bien diferenciados en su conductividad. Suponiendo que los mecanismos de cambio de fase dependen de la energía por unidad de volumen entregada al material sensible, es deseable construir celdas a escala micrométrica, considerando también que eventualmente podrían integrarse en procesos de fabricación microelectrónica. En un trabajo anterior, observamos una disminución abrupta en la resistencia de las películas delgadas base Sb70Te30 depositadas por ablación láser en un rango de temperatura de aproximadamente 445 K cuando la muestra se calienta a bajas velocidades. A partir de los resultados de la calorimetría diferencial de barrido y difracción de rayos X en muestras obtenidas por el mismo método, asociamos el cambio de resistividad con el proceso de cristalización. En este trabajo, construimos dispositivos micrométricos de superficie rectangular con Sb70Te30 como material sensible, depositado sobre electrodos coplanares con espaciado L (8 y 16 pm) y ancho W (4, 8, 16, 32 y 64 pm). Medimos la respuesta de voltaje de los dispositivos cuando se excitan mediante barrido de corriente creciente y, entre barridos consecutivos medimos la resistencia aplicando un valor de voltaje constante. En las curvas I-V identificamos una transformación del estado original a uno de menor resistencia, atribuible a la cristalización, pero no fue posible realizar la transformación inversa a un estado de mayor resistencia. Partiendo del desconocimiento sobre la conductividad del material, simulamos el campo eléctrico en la celda mediante el Método de los Elementos Finitos. La conductividad eléctrica del vidrio calcogenuro en su estado inicial (amorfo) fue estimada a partir de ajustar su valor en las simulaciones con diferentes geometrías minimizando la diferencia entre las resistencias medidas y simuladas.

Abstract Three magnetotelluric stations located on the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia and belonging to the Geophysical Network of the National University of Colombia (TUNJ, USME, and VCIO) have been used to detect spatial and temporal anomalies in apparent resistivity to depths exceeding 200 km, in the period from April 2018 to June 2021. From this monitoring, it was observed that transient anomalies took place hours before the seismic crisis of April 23, 2018, in the Bucaramanga Seismic Nest (BSN). Among the main findings of this work, it was possible to identify a potential association between apparent resistivity anomalies prior to or during four seismic events with 3,3 ≤ Mw < 4,3 at a depth of 115 ≤ H < 154 km on April 23, 2018. The association between resistivity anomalies and seismic events is explained by other authors as a fluid migration process, which generates pore pressure that exceeds effective stress and causes fracturing within the BSN.

Resumen Tres estaciones magnetotelúricas, ubicadas sobre la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia y pertenecientes a la Red Geofísica de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (TUNJ, USME y VCIO), han sido utilizadas para detectar anomalías espaciales y temporales de la resistividad aparente a una profundidad superior a 200 km, en el período abril de 2018 hasta junio de 2021. A partir de este monitoreo se observó que existen anomalías transitorias horas antes de la crisis sísmica del 23 de abril de 2018 en el Nido Sísmico de Bucaramanga (NSB). Dentro de los principales hallazgos de este trabajo, se pudo identificar una posible asociación entre anomalías de resistividad aparente previas o durante cuatro eventos sísmicos con 3,3 ≤ Mw < 4,3 a una profundidad de 115 ≤ H < 154 km el 23 de abril de 2018. La asociación entre anomalías de resistividad y eventos sísmicos se explica por otros autores como un proceso de migración de fluidos, el cual genera presión de poro que supera el esfuerzo efectivo y provoca el fracturamiento dentro del NSB.

The indirect estimation of intact rock properties is particularly useful for preliminary investigations in engineering projects. In this paper we examine the usability of electrical resistivity, a nondestructive measurement, for the prediction of physical and mechanical rock characteristics. Physico-mechanical tests (uniaxial compression, Brazilian tensile, density, and porosity tests) and electrical resistivity measurements were performed on specimens of 36 rock types. Before the resistivity tests, the specimens were completely saturated with saline solution. Evaluation of the test results showed that there are medium or strong correlations between resistivity and rock properties. There are also strong or stronger correlations between the two parameters for the rock classes. The regression equations developed were statistically tested, and their validity was confirmed. The results were also compared with previous studies. The conclusion is that electrical resistivity measurement can be used for reliably estimating physical and mechanical rock characteristics.

RESUMO No contexto atual, de subida dos custos de produção, é essencial otimizar a gestão dos recursos disponíveis, o que pressupõe a incorporação de tecnologias que melhorem o conhecimento sobre as variáveis envolvidas no processo produtivo. Este estudo teve por objetivo demonstrar os benefícios de definir e validar zonas de gestão (ZG) numa vinha. Para o efeito foram realizados dois levantamentos expeditos da parcela experimental, um realizado com um sensor de contacto (“Veris 2000 XA”) para medir a resistividade do solo e, a partir desta, a condutividade elétrica aparente do solo (CEa), e outro realizado com um recetor GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) de precisão (RTK) que permitiu o levantamento altimétrico. Os resultados foram submetidos a tratamentos geoestatísticos que permitiram a definição de três ZG com diferente potencial produtivo (menor, intermédio e maior). A validação das ZG foi realizada a partir de parâmetros do solo (textura, pH, matéria orgânica, humidade, fósforo, potássio, bases de troca e capacidade de troca catiónica) e de medições da compactação (índice de cone, IC), realizadas com um cone penetrómetro eletrónico. A análise estatística dos resultados confirmou que estes parâmetros validaram as ZG identificadas a partir dos dados da CEa e da altimetria. Esta validação comprova o interesse de ferramentas tecnológicas expeditas para monitorizar a CEa como uma etapa fundamental para implementar processos agronómicos inteligentes de tomada de decisão.

ABSTRACT In the current context of rising production costs, optimizing the management of available resources is crucial, specially by incorporating technologies that enhance our understanding of the variables involved in the agronomic production process. This study aimed to demonstrate the benefits of defining and validating management zones (MZ) in a vineyard. For this purpose, two quick surveys of the experimental field were conducted using a contact sensor (“Veris 2000 XA”), to measure the soil resistivity and thereby determine the soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa), and another survey using a precision GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver (RTK- Real Time Kinematics) for altimetric measurements. The results underwent geostatistical analysis to define three MZs with different productive potential (less, intermediate, and more productive potential). The validation of these MZs was based on various soil parameters (texture, pH, organic matter-OM, moisture content, phosphorous, potassium, exchange bases, and cation exchange capacity-CEC) and soil compaction measurements (cone index-CI) using an electronic cone penetrometer. Statistical analysis confirmed that these parameters validated the MZs identified from the ECa and altimetric data. This validation attests the value of using expeditious technological tools to monitor ECa as a key step to in implementing intelligent agronomic decision-making processes.

The demand for macadamia nut production worldwide has led to increased use of pesticides and chemicals for pest and disease control. Reservoirs in these macadamia farming sectors are at risk, since these chemicals can enter and contaminate the water through direct application, runoff, and atmospheric deposition, subsequently negatively affecting aquatic organisms. The current study investigated macroinvertebrate colonisation and succession associated with two macadamia orchards and two communal area reservoirs. The potential effects of stressors from these land uses was tested for and compared using stone substrates over a 6-week period. Stone substrates from both reservoir types were abundantly colonised over time and the total macroinvertebrate taxa and abundance showed an increasing trend across the sampled weeks, with macadamia orchards having the highest number of macroinvertebrate taxa. Strong ecological succession was observed across reservoirs, with the initial succession of early colonisers - i.e., Chironominae (collector-gatherers), Ostracoda (collector-filterers) and Anax sp. (predator) within communal area reservoirs, and Chironominae, Ostracoda and Radix natalensis (scrapers) in macadamia orchard reservoirs - followed by predatory colonisers such as Gyrinidae larvae, Trithemis sp. (macadamia orchard reservoirs), and Ranatra sp. (communal area reservoirs). Macroinvertebrate community structure differed significantly across sites and weeks, with no similarity being observed for communities across the different reservoirs. Redundancy analyses further highlighted 11 sediment chemistry variables (i.e., pH, resistivity, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, B, Fe and S) which were significantly related to macroinvertebrate community structure. Thus, sediment variables were found to be better predictors of macroinvertebrate community structure in macadamia orchard reservoirs than communal area reservoirs. Consequently, we concluded that differences in colonisation ability among taxa and environmental stressors were important factors driving succession. These results add to the understanding of the macroinvertebrate colonisation processes and environmental stressors within agricultural landscapes, which can aid in the development of conservation management of freshwater ecosystems.

Abstract This study investigated the electrical resistivity of 105 timber species from the Peruvian tropical forest; with a focus on promoting sustainable use by considering the wood’s equilibrium moisture content (EMC). Employing a non-destructive method, it correlated the wood’s physical properties with its electrical resistivity, uncovering an inverse exponential relationship between resistivity and EMC, with resistivity values ranging from 0.0244 x 109 Ωm to 26.0104 x 109 Ωm across different cutting directions (longitudinal, tangential, and radial). These findings allowed for the classification of the woods into five groups based on their moisture balance and electrical resistivity, from very high to very low. This classification aids in identifying the appropriate and sustainable use of these timber species in various applications, highlighting the study’s contribution to sustainable forest management. 10 wood s EMC. EMC . (EMC) nondestructive non destructive method 00244 0 0244 0.024 260104 26 0104 26.010 longitudinal, longitudinal (longitudinal tangential radial. radial radial) low applications studys management 1 (EMC 0024 024 0.02 26010 2 010 26.01 002 02 0.0 2601 01 26.0 00 0. 260 26.

Abstract Iron ore tailings dams must be constantly monitored for safety purposes. Among the aspects traditionally monitored are geotechnical protocols, such as piezometric levels along the dam. Recently, geophysics, a science that studies, among other things, dynamic processes in the Earth, has contributed to non-invasive monitoring using electro-resistivity methods. Geophysical methods provide a large amount of data in relatively quick samples, but there is little information on the integration of traditional geotechnical and geophysical techniques. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the relationship between geophysical data, monitored every 15 days between May 2022 and March 2023, and geotechnical data from an iron ore tailings dam located in the Iron Quadrangle. The geophysical method used was two-dimensional electrical imaging with a Schlumberger array. Analysis of variance and multiple regression allowed us to evaluate the relationship between resistivity values, piezometer level, sampling time, and rainfall. Piezometry data explained the electro-resistivity significantly, while sampling time and rainfall did not significantly explain electro-resistivity. Therefore, the dam's electro-resistivity patterns have not changed significantly over the period, and local rainfall does not imply an immediate response in resistivity. These conclusions can support new directions in decisions about monitoring iron ore tailings dams and may contribute to advances in dam safety in the mining sector. purposes protocols Recently geophysics studies things Earth noninvasive non invasive electroresistivity electro samples techniques Therefore 1 202 2023 Quadrangle twodimensional two dimensional array values level electroresistivity. s period sector 20 2

ABSTRACT Mycelium-bound composite substances are a novel class of sustainable and economical bio composites that were recently developed as an alternative to typical synthetic materials in packaging, fashion, and architecture. Extensive research has been carried out in recent years to study the methods of manufacture and processing, as well as prospective uses for mycelium-bound composite materials. However, the usage of this bio-composite in the construction industry is confined to small-scale prototypes and display exhibits. The main challenges that need to be address when employed as non-structural or semi-structural components are the water absorption, mechanical characteristics and the standard techniques for manufacture and testing of mycelium-bound composite materials as building insulation or blocks. Hence this paper describes the usage of novel Pleurotus ostreatus-mycelium fungal blocks to enhance the indoor thermal preformance of the building. To develop distinct mixing protocols with various substrate materials such as straws, coir pith, saw wood and the combination of the all the substrate were used in the present work. The parameters such as density, thermal resistivity, compressive strength and fire resistant were determined and it was found that the composition of the substrate is highly variable in the tested considered in the work. Straw and coir pith substrate showed a high strength and the thermal resistivity in comparison with the other substrates. Also, the findings show that the mycelium fungal based blocks have a lot of potential for use as an alternative material for insulation for building and infrastructure development, especially as a light-weight material for engineering applications. Myceliumbound Mycelium bound packaging fashion architecture processing myceliumbound However biocomposite smallscale small scale exhibits nonstructural non structural semistructural semi absorption ostreatusmycelium ostreatus straws work density substrates Also development lightweight light weight applications

Resumo A produção de cimento é responsável por cerca de 7% das emissões de CO2 na atmosfera. Diversas ações de mitigação foram pactuadas pelas indústrias de cimento. Assim, cabe aos produtores de concreto o uso de dosagens mais eficientes e com reduzida pegada de carbono. A utilização de modelos de empacotamento de partículas e materiais substitutivos ao cimento podem contribuir para a produção de concretos mais ecoeficientes. Nesse contexto, este trabalho comparou o uso de pó de calcário e pó de diabásio como substitutos parciais do cimento e avaliou a viabilidade técnica do uso de pó de diabásio. Além das dosagens com os dois pós, foi realizada uma dosagem sem substituição, como referência. As dosagens foram otimizadas pelo modelo de empacotamento de partículas de Alfred. As análises foram realizadas em termos de resistência à compressão, resistividade elétrica e módulo de elasticidade, e a partir de parâmetros ambientais (intensidade de ligante (bi) e intensidade de CO2 (ci)). Os resultados mostraram que o concreto com pó de calcário apresentou maior resistividade, indicando a formação de uma matriz cimentícia mais compacta. Os dados de resistência à compressão mostram que os traços apresentaram valores estatisticamente iguais. Os módulos de elasticidade dos concretos contendo os pós tiveram redução em comparação com o concreto de referência. Com relação aos indicadores ambientais, o concreto com pó de calcário apresentou melhores desempenhos tanto no consumo de ligante (bi), de 3,9 kg/m3/MPa, quanto na intensidade de CO2 (ci), de 3,28 kgCO2e/Mpa, e se encontram abaixo dos dados da literatura (10 a 15 kg/m3/MPa para o bi e 7,9 a 9,1 kgCO2e/Mpa para o ci), indicando a ecoeficiência obtida. A avaliação dos parâmetros indica que a aplicação do modelo de Alfred e o uso dos pós de pedra contribuem com a eficiência mecânica e ambiental das misturas estudadas. 7 CO atmosfera Assim carbono ecoeficientes contexto substituição referência (bi ci. ci . (ci)) compacta iguais bi, , 39 3 9 3, kgm3MPa kgmMPa kg m3 MPa m ci, (ci) 328 28 3,2 kgCO2eMpa kgCOeMpa kgCO2e Mpa kgCO 10 (1 1 79 7, 91 9, ci) obtida estudadas kgm (ci 32 2 eMpa kgCOe (

Abstract Cement production contributes to approximately 7% of global CO2 emissions, prompting the cement industry to adopt various mitigation actions. Consequently, the onus falls on concrete producers to employ more efficient mix design methods that reduce the carbon footprint. Utilizing particle packing models and cement substitute materials holds promise for producing more eco-efficient concretes. In this context, this study compared limestone powder and diabase powder application as partial substitutes for cement, assessing the technical feasibility of using diabase powder. In addition to concretes incorporating these powders, a reference concrete without any substitution was prepared. Mix design methods were determined using Alfred's particle packing model. Analyses were performed by compressive strength, electrical resistivity, modulus of elasticity, as well as environmental parameters such as binder consumption (bi) and CO2 intensity (ci). Results indicated that the limestone powder concrete exhibited higher resistivity, suggesting a more compact cementitious matrix. Compressive strength data revealed statistically equal values across all concrete types. However, the modulus of elasticity for the powders-based concretes was slightly reduced compared to the reference concrete. Regarding the environmental indicators, concrete with limestone powder showed better performances in both binder consumption (bi) at 3.9 kg/m3/MPa, and CO2 intensity (ci) at 3.28 kgCO2e/MPa. These values were below literature benchmarks (10 to 15 kg/m3/MPa for bi and 7.9 to 9.1 kgCO2e/MPa for ci), indicating the achieved eco-efficiency. The parameters evaluation indicates that Alfred's model and the incorporation of stone powders contribute to the mechanical and environmental efficiency of the studied mixtures. 7 CO emissions actions Consequently footprint ecoefficient eco context prepared Alfreds Alfred s resistivity (bi ci. ci . matrix types However powdersbased based indicators 39 3 9 3. kgm3MPa kgmMPa kg m3 MPa m (ci 328 28 3.2 kgCO2eMPa kgCOeMPa kgCO2e kgCO e 10 (1 1 79 7. 91 9. ci, , ci) ecoefficiency. ecoefficiency efficiency. eco-efficiency mixtures kgm 32 2 eMPa kgCOe (

ABSTRACT In the face of environmental challenges stemming from the accumulation of waste glass and cement production, significant contributors to CO2 emissions, this study explores sustainable construction alternatives by incorporating waste glass (WG) and metakaolin (MK) as partial cement substitutes. Experimental Various concrete mixes containing different percentages of WG and MK (10%, 20%, 30% for WG, and 15% for MK) were evaluated against a standard reference mix. Analyses focused on workability, compressive strength, water absorption, electrical resistivity, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and chloride ion penetration. The results showed that mixes with 20WG and 30WG enhanced fluidity by 16.67%. In the hardened state, mixes with 10WG and 15MK recorded compressive strength increases of 31.5% and 25.97% at 91 days, respectively. Further tests on electrical resistivity, UPV, and chloride ion penetration indicated that WG and MK contribute to a denser and less porous concrete microstructure, improving durability against chloride ingress. Additionally, water absorption did not increase proportionally with strength, suggesting that other factors beyond porosity influence strength. These findings support the use of glass waste and metakaolin in concrete production to promote more sustainable building practices and extend the lifespan of concrete structures. CO emissions (WG (MK substitutes 10%, 10 (10% 20 20% 30 15 mix workability resistivity UPV , (UPV) 1667 16 67 16.67% state 315 31 5 31.5 2597 25 97 25.97 9 days respectively microstructure ingress Additionally structures 10% 1 (10 2 3 (UPV 166 6 16.67 31. 259 25.9 (1 16.6 25. ( 16.

Abstract In the past decade, machine learning techniques were responsible for a revolution in classification and regression tasks, making it possible to automate some laborious activities, saving time and reducing errors. It is known that the geological logging process is one of the most time-consuming activities accomplished by mining companies. Additionally, it is a subjective activity, and changes in the staff directly affect the geological databases due to different human log interpretation. By developing an automatic log classifier, a company can avoid problems related to the turnover of the staff by standardizing the criteria used to label an interval and can save time by avoiding manual log description. The proposed solution is: given the well log data containing the coordinates, resistivity and natural gamma, the model will be able to predict the presence or absence of coal, and its lithology. The innovation of the methodology proposed, considers not only the geophysical logging values, but additionally inserts the neighbourhood of a given depth as valuable input information, using Fully Convolutional Network. It performs a semantic segmentation using the well log data, which means that model´s input is the complete well log data curve and the trained model will return an output curve giving the probability of the presence of coal, by interval. The results showed good prediction for the binary problem (F1-score 0.79). The multi-class modelling suffers from the lack of data for each class, resulting in a F1-score from 0.38 for the worst result to 0.76 for the best. decade tasks errors timeconsuming consuming companies Additionally activity interpretation classifier description coordinates gamma coal lithology values information Network models s F1score Fscore F1 score F 0.79. 079 0.79 . 0 79 0.79) multiclass multi class 038 38 0.3 076 76 0.7 best 07 7 03 3 0.

RESUMEN La quitina es un polisacárido lineal producido por especies animales y fúngicas. Una de sus principales fuentes de obtención es el hongo Aspergillus niger, cultivado en biorreactores industriales. Es un biopolímero neutro que modifica las propiedades eléctricas de los materiales compuestos, una característica muy útil para algunos dispositivos electrónicos. Nuestro objetivo en este trabajo fue la caracterización fisicoquímica de películas de quitina, extraída de dicho hongo por un método químico asistido por ondas de choque y calor, así como también determinar su resistividad eléctrica al aplicarle altos voltajes (entre 10 y 20 kV). Las ondas de choque se utilizaron en este estudio porque se sabe que inducen poros en las células y podrían promover la entrada de álcali en la hifa, permitiendo una mejor eliminación de los componentes celulares residuales. La quitina fue neutralizada, secada y se formaron películas. Los valores de proteína residual se cuantificaron con la técnica de ácido bicinconínico (BCA), obteniendo películas con bajas cantidades de proteína. La caracterización del morfotipo específico extraído se estimó mediante infrarrojo transformado de Fourier (FTIR) y difracción de rayos X (XRD). Para evaluar la resistividad ante voltajes elevados, se diseñó un circuito especial que permitió detectar variaciones significativas de esta con respecto al voltaje aplicado, es decir, la quitina mostró un comportamiento coincidente con un varistor no lineal y, hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer informe de dicho comportamiento para la quitina.

ABSTRACT Chitin is a linear polysaccharide produced by animal and fungal species. One of its sources is the fungus Aspergillus niger, which is culturable in industrial bioreactors. Chitin is a neutral biopolymer that modifies the electrical properties of composite materials. These are useful features in some electronic devices. This study aimed to carry out physicochemical characterizations of chitin films obtained from the above-mentioned fungus, using a chemical method enhanced with exposure to heat and shock waves, and to determine their electrical resistivity at high voltages (between 10 and 20 kV). Shock waves were used in this study because they are known to induce pores into cells and could promote alkali entry into the hypha, allowing better removal of residual cellular components. Chitin was neutralized, dried, and films were produced. Residual protein values were quantified by bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA). The films obtained had low amounts of protein. The characterization of the specific morphotype extracted was done by FTIR and XRD. An especially designed circuit revealed significant variations of the resistivity as the voltage was varied. This behavior is typical of a non-linear varistor and, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported for chitin.

Abstract The geotechnical monitoring of tailings dams combined with a suitable application of geophysical electrical methods can improve their structure evaluation, allowing several correlations between direct analyses and the resistivity anomaly pattern. Considering this synergy, twenty-three electrical resistivity sections (ERT) were acquired along the beach, abutments, and central part of a dam, totalizing 10,776 m of dataset. After the interpretation of each ERT section, comparing the anomaly ranges with the water level meters measurements, three resistivity zones were defined: Zones of low resistivity (<64 ohm-m), correlated to regions of high humidity; zones of high resistivity (> 357 ohm-m), interpreted as dry zones, and regions with intermediate resistivity values, located between these limits. The groundwater surface generated from the interpretation of the electrical resistivity dataset and the groundwater surface acquired from the water level gauges were almost coincident. On the right abutment, the conductive anomalies showed remarkable continuity, suggesting a high moisture content in this region with strong gradients (200 mV) directed towards the zone of low resistivity values identified in the sections. The analysis showed a robust correlation of the ERT data with localized physical geotechnical measurements, valuable for monitoring dam integrity, overseeing the structure's response to climate and operational changes, and ultimately mitigating the risks of failure. The results of this study support the adoption of a seasonal 4D electrical resistivity survey as an effective tool to monitor and manage surface and high humidity zones, key indicators of dam integrity throughout the entire structure. evaluation pattern synergy twentythree twenty (ERT beach abutments 10776 10 776 10,77 section measurements defined <64 64 (<6 ohmm, ohmm ohm , ohm-m) > ( 35 limits coincident abutment continuity 200 (20 mV structures s changes failure D 1077 1 77 10,7 <6 6 (< ohm-m 3 20 (2 107 7 10, < 2