Resumen Introducción. Las regiones cultivables a menudo carecen de nutrientes suficientes en el suelo, por lo que es necesario utilizar fertilizantes. Sin embargo, el uso excesivo de fertilizantes puede dañar el medioambiente, la salud humana y la seguridad alimentaria. Los reguladores de crecimiento naturales derivados de plantas son respetuosos con el medioambiente y tienen un precio razonable. Las fitohormonas jasmonato de metilo (MeJA) y ácido salicílico (SA) son cruciales para mejorar la biomasa vegetal, la calidad, la productividad y la resistencia a tensiones ambientales. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto foliar de MeJA y SA sobre la calidad y la producción de frutos de cultivares de tomate en condiciones de invernadero. Materiales y métodos. La prueba se llevó a cabo en la Universidad de Diyala, Irak, del 1 de diciembre de 2022 al 5 de junio de 2023. Se evaluaron aplicaciones foliares de 0 mg/L, 200 mg/L de SA y 200 mg/L de MeJA para determinar los efectos sobre calidad de fruto y la producción cultivares de tomate cherry de crecimiento vegetativo indeterminado: LA4013, LA353, LA2921, LA3899 e IQ2, con un diseño de bloques completos al azar y tres repeticiones por tratamiento. Resultados. El cultivar IQ2 produjo la fruta más pesada (82,13 g), el mayor rendimiento por planta (4,56 kg/planta), el mayor rendimiento total (4,56 t/invernadero) y la mayor acidez titulable (0,62 %). El cultivar LA4013 presentó el mayor número de frutos (612,88 frutos/planta) y el mayor contenido de sólidos solubles totales (2,933 %). La aplicación foliar de SA a 200 mg/L resultó en el índice de clorofila más alto (36,68 SPAD), el mayor número de frutos (373,73 frutos/planta), el mayor rendimiento por planta (3,15 kg/planta) y el mayor rendimiento total (3,93 t/invernadero). Conclusión. Al considerar todas las variables en conjunto, los mejores genotipos fueron IQ2 y LA4013, los cuales resultaron superiores a los demás genotipos en los ensayos de calidad y rendimiento. La aplicación foliar de SA a 200 mg/L mejoró el rendimiento y la calidad de los tomates cherry en condiciones de invernadero.

Abstract Introduction. Arable regions often lack sufficient soil nutrients, which means that fertilizers must be used. However, using fertilizers excessively can harm the environment, human health and food safety. Natural growth regulators derived from plants are environmentally friendly and reasonably priced. The phytohormones methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) are crucial for enhancing plant biomass, quality, productivity and resistance to environmental stresses. Objective. To evaluate the foliar effect of MeJA and SA on fruit quality and production of colorful tomato cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Materials and methods. The trial was conducted at the University of Diyala, Iraq, from December 1, 2022, to June 5, 2023. Foliar applications of 0 mg/L, 200 mg/L SA and 200 mg/L MeJA were evaluated to determine their effects on fruit quality and production of colorful indeterminate cherry tomato cultivars: LA4013, LA353, LA2921, LA3899 and IQ2. A randomized complete block design was used, with each treatment having three replicates. Results. The cultivar IQ2 produced the heaviest fruit (82.13 g), the highest plant yield (4.56 kg/plant), the highest total yield (4.56 t/house) and the highest titratable acidity (0.62 %). The cultivar LA4013 had the highest fruit number (612.88 fruits/plant) and the highest total soluble solids (2.933 %). The foliar application of 200 mg/L SA resulted in the highest chlorophyll index (36.68 SPAD), the highest fruit number (373.73 fruits/plant), the highest plant yield (3.15 kg/plant) and the highest total yield (3.93 t/house). Conclusion. Considering all variables together, the best-performing genotypes were IQ2 and LA4013, which were superior to other genotypes in quality and yield trials. The foliar application of 200 mg/L SA improved both yield and quality of cherry tomatoes under greenhouse conditions.

Resumen: La universidad merece contemplar el desarrollo de competencias necesarias para la transformación. El objetivo del trabajo es describir el desarrollo de competencias de liderazgo en la formación académica en el Instituto Universitario River Plate (2021-22). El análisis se configura desde la fenomenología hermenéutica de las ciencias sociales, por medio de la interpretación de las tramas de significados en la universidad. Trata de un estudio con carácter crítico y único, a través de un muestreo intencional de 12 personas, donde se analizan entrevistas, grupos focales y documentos institucionales. El modelo de competencias de liderazgo educativo en este trabajo contempla: pensamiento estratégico, gestión del aprendizaje, relación con las personas y creación y animación de estructuras organizativas. Como resultado, el desarrollo de competencias de liderazgo institucional se caracteriza por presentar rasgos de mayor permeabilidad por encontrarse cercana a su génesis. Esto le otorga bases más flexibles ante la alta burocracia y menor resistencia en cambios e innovaciones que emerjan para la mejora educativa. Se concluye que la perspectiva de la comunidad académica presenta un reconocimiento sobre los esfuerzos y el trabajo que se realiza por medio de objetivos estratégicos en la búsqueda por la mejora de la calidad educativa, crecimiento, desarrollo de sus áreas y expansión institucional.

Resumo: A universidade merece contemplar o desenvolvimento de competências necessárias à transformação. O objetivo do trabalho é descrever o desenvolvimento de competências de liderança na formação acadêmica no Instituto Universitário River Plate (2021-22). A análise configura-se a partir da fenomenologia hermenêutica das Ciências Sociais, através da interpretação das teias de significados na universidade. É um estudo de carácter crítico e único, através de uma amostragem intencional de 12 pessoas onde são analisadas entrevistas, grupos focais e documentos institucionais. O modelo de competências de liderança educativa neste trabalho inclui: Pensamento estratégico, Gestão da aprendizagem, Relacionamento com pessoas e Criação e animação de estruturas organizacionais. Como resultado, o desenvolvimento de competências de liderança institucional caracteriza-se por apresentar traços de maior permeabilidade por estar próximo da sua génese. O que lhe confere bases mais flexíveis diante da alta burocracia e menor resistência às mudanças e inovações que surgem para a melhoria educativa. Conclui- se que a perspectiva da comunidade acadêmica apresenta um reconhecimento dos esforços e trabalhos realizados através de objetivos estratégicos na busca pela melhoria da qualidade educativa, crescimento, desenvolvimento de suas áreas e expansão institucional.

Abstract: The university deserves to consider the development of competencies necessary for transformation. The objective of this paper is to describe the development of leadership competencies in academic training at the River Plate University Institute (2021-22). The analysis is configured from the hermeneutic phenomenology of the social sciences, through the interpretation of the webs of meaning in the university. It is a study with a critical and unique character, through a purposive sampling of 12 people, where interviews, focus groups and institutional documents are analyzed. The model of educational leadership competencies in this work considers: Strategic thinking, learning management, relationship with people and creating and animating organizational structures. As a result, the development of institutional leadership competencies is characterized by presenting characteristics of greater permeability due to its proximity to its genesis. This gives it a more flexible basis in the face of high bureaucracy and less resistance to changes and innovations that emerge for the improvement of education. It is concluded that the perspective of the academic community represents a recognition of the efforts and work carried out through strategic objectives in the search for the improvement of educational quality, growth, development of its areas and institutional expansion.

ABSTRACT: The growing influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in higher education poses significant challenges and opportunities for university educators. This article aims to analyze the uses and perceptions of AI among teachers at the University of Guayaquil in 2024. Using a mixed approach of interviews and surveys, teachers' knowledge about AI developments, their perspective on their influence on education, and the most affected educational areas are examined. The theoretical framework integrates perspectives of Rogers, Bourdieu, Latour and Bijker, addressing the diffusion of innovations, symbolic violence and socio-technical interactions. The results provide an integral view of how the teaching community responds to AI in higher education. In conclusion, the study contributes to the sociological analysis of technology-society interaction, exploring dynamics of power, adaptation and resistance in the academic context in the face of technological changes.

RESUMEN: La creciente influencia de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) en la educación superior plantea desafíos y oportunidades significativas para los docentes universitarios. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los usos y percepciones de la IA entre los profesores de la Universidad de Guayaquil en el 2024. Mediante un enfoque mixto de entrevistas y encuestas, se examina el conocimiento de los docentes sobre los avances en IA, su perspectiva sobre su influencia en la enseñanza y las áreas educativas más afectadas. El marco teórico integra perspectivas de Rogers, Bourdieu, Latour y Bijker, abordando la difusión de innovaciones, la violencia simbólica y las interacciones sociotécnicas. Los resultados ofrecen una visión integral de cómo la comunidad docente responde a la IA en la educación superior. En conclusión, el estudio contribuye al análisis sociológico de la interacción tecnología-sociedad, explorando dinámicas de poder, adaptación y resistencia en el contexto académico frente a los cambios tecnológicos.

ABSTRACT: Drawing from Walter Mignolo's decolonial theory and the concept of latsploitation, this article explores how Sarli and Bó’s films challenge Eurocentric standards and represent identities marked by colonial wounds. Thanks to this reading it is possible to highlight the political nature of Bó and Sarli’s productions, despite having been considered a commercial entertainment cinema. By analyzing the decolonial stance in the films of Isabel Sarli and Armando Bó, this article concludes the necessity of challenging and questioning the unequivocal binary between commercial and political cinema. This study seeks to contribute to a broader understanding of Sarli and Bó’s cinema, and its role in cultural resistance against coloniality.

RESUMEN: Partiendo de la teoría decolonial de Walter Mignolo y del concepto de latsploitation, este artículo explora cómo las películas de Sarli y Bó desafían los estándares eurocentristas y representan identidades marcadas por una herida colonial. Gracias a esta lectura es posible destacar el carácter político de las producciones de Bó y Sarli, pese a haber sido considerado un cine comercial de entretenimiento. Al analizar la postura decolonial en los films de Isabel Sarli y Armando Bó, el artículo concluye la necesidad de desafiar y cuestionar el tajante binarismo entre cine comercial y cine político. Este estudio busca contribuir a una comprensión más amplia del cine de Bó y Sarli, y su papel en la resistencia cultural contra la colonialidad.

Abstract Despite the implementation of preventive care services in the workplace, resistance persists among female survivors of female survivors of intimate partner violence (VAW) to seek help. In this context, a study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of VAW and the factors associated with the intention to seek help among these workers. The study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive-correlational design and was conducted with a sample of 142 female employees from a bank in La Paz, Bolivia, which has developed initiatives to prevent VAW. The findings revealed that 45.1% of the workers had experienced some form of violence from their partners or ex-partners throughout their relationships. Additionally, factors directly related to the intention to seek help were identified, such as attitudes that disapprove of self-sufficiency in resolving these cases (rs = .390; p < .05) and a state of complacency that minimizes the importance of addressing the problem (rs = .369; p < .05). It is concluded that, beyond sociodemographic factors, erroneous beliefs limit the intention to seek help through available support channels within the organization or other specialized centers.

Resumen A pesar de la implementación de servicios de atención preventiva en el lugar de trabajo, persiste la resistencia entre las trabajadoras sobrevivientes de violencia contra las mujeres (VcM) en relaciones de pareja a buscar ayuda. En este contexto, se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de VcM y los factores relacionados con la intención de buscar ayuda entre estas trabajadoras. El enfoque del estudio es cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo-correlacional, y se realizó en una muestra de 142 funcionarias de un banco en La Paz, Bolivia que ha desarrollado iniciativas para prevenir la VcM. Los hallazgos revelaron que el 45,1 % de las trabajadoras había experimentado algún tipo de violencia por parte de sus parejas o exparejas a lo largo de su relación. Además, se identificaron factores relacionados de forma directa con la intención de buscar ayuda, tales como las actitudes que desaprueban la autosuficiencia en la resolución de estos casos (rs = .390; p<0.05) y un estado de conformismo que minimiza la importancia de afrontar el problema (rs= .369; p<0.05). Se concluye que, más allá de los factores sociodemográficos, son las creencias erróneas las que limitan la intención de buscar ayuda en los canales de atención disponibles dentro de la organización o en otros centros especializados.

Abstract This study investigates secondary education and curricular justice amidst counter-educational reforms aligned with neoliberal ideals in Brazil, highlighting the imperatives of teacher resistance against political implications at macro and micro levels. Focusing on two critical incidents situated at the Federal Institute of Ceará (IFCE) and the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS). The research employs self-study methodology and the critical incident analysis technique to examine intersections between educational policy and Physical Education within the federal education system. The qualitative approach, grounded in the epistemology of praxis, involved eight Physical Education teachers in reflexive and dialogical processes. These educators shared (inter)subjective and (self-)critical experiences regarding the relationship between secondary education and curricular justice, revealing a pedagogical practice that challenges the prevailing technical rationality. The study underscores how collaborative movements foster active political vigilance, shaping conscious and engaged bodies capable of transforming an often oppressive educational system. Through the exchange of experiences, the teacher-researchers developed strategies to navigate the contradictions of the educational system, building a transformative praxis that values diversity and curricular justice. This articulation between life and teaching work emerges as a space for resistance and pedagogical innovation, reaffirming Physical Education as a critical and socially committed field.

Resumen Este estudio investiga la educación secundaria y la justicia curricular en tiempos de contrarreformas educativas alineadas con los ideales neoliberales en Brasil, destacando los imperativos de la lucha docente frente a las implicaciones políticas a niveles macro y micro. Centrándose en dos incidentes críticos, ubicados en el Instituto Federal de Ceará (IFCE) y en el Instituto Federal de Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS), la investigación utiliza la metodología de autoestudio y la técnica de análisis de incidentes críticos para examinar las intersecciones entre educación política y Educación Física en la red educativa federal. El enfoque cualitativo, basado en la epistemología de la praxis, involucró a ocho docentes de Educación Física en procesos reflexivos y dialógicos. Estos educadores compartieron experiencias (inter)subjetivas y (auto)críticas sobre la relación entre educación secundaria y justicia curricular, revelando una práctica pedagógica que desafía la racionalidad técnica predominante. El estudio destaca cómo los movimientos colaborativos promueven la vigilancia política activa, formando cuerpos conscientes comprometidos en la transformación de un sistema educativo a menudo opresivo. A través del intercambio de experiencias, docentes-investigadores desarrollaron estrategias para enfrentar las contradicciones del sistema educativo, construyendo una praxis transformadora que valora la diversidad y la justicia curricular. Esta articulación entre vida y quehacer docente emerge como un espacio de resistencia e innovación pedagógica, reafirmando la Educación Física como un campo crítico y socialmente comprometido.

ABSTRACT Armyworm (Spodoptera litura) is the main leaf-damaging pest of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plants. The research aims to assess the resistance response of soybean advanced lines against S. litura, evaluate their agronomic performance, and select the best genotypes based on multiple traits. The research was conducted in Malang, Indonesia. The evaluation for armyworm resistance was based on the free-choice test (FCT) and no-choice test (NCT). Each study utilized a randomized complete block design with 38 soybean genotypes and four replicates. The results showed that the NCT exerted a higher intensity of leaf damage and greater insect pest pressure compared to the FCT. Two soybean genotypes (G17 and G19) consistently demonstrated resistance to S. litura in both the FCT and NCT. Soybean seed yield has a significant positive correlation with plant height, number of filled pods, number of nodes, and number of branches, thus those characters could be used as indirect selection criteria for soybean yield. The selection based on GT Biplot revealed that G38 (resistant-control variety) and G17 had the best performance for resistance to S. litura, but did not exhibit significantly high seed yield. In contrast, G16 exhibited high yield performance but susceptibility to S. litura. The G36 was the best performer for the number of filled pods, number of nodes, number of branches, plant height, and 100-seed weight, despite being relatively less resistant to S. litura. G17 and G19 are promising candidates for breeding programs aimed at developing high-yielding and armyworm-resistant soybean varieties.

Resumo Este artigo analisa os ativismos urbanos, isto é, as ações de resistência engendradas por movimentos sociais contra as desigualdades socioespaciais e pelo direito à cidade em Belém, Pará, com base na interpretação socioespacial de suas narrativas, táticas e estratégias nos anos recentes. Objetiva-se fortalecer uma teoria geográfica dos movimentos sociais urbanos encarados enquanto categoria analítica fundamental para entendimento escalar da crise urbana que assola diversas metrópoles no atual contexto capitalista, bem como reforçar a importância do diálogo entre a academia (partindo de um prisma geográfico) e os movimentos sociais (e suas lutas pelo direito à cidade) no sentido de cooperarem na construção de alternativas que estejam cada vez mais acompanhadas de maior justiça socioespacial na produção do espaço urbano. é Belém Pará narrativas recentes Objetivase Objetiva se capitalista partindo geográfico urbano

Abstract This paper discusses urban activism, that is, actions of resistance engendered by social movements against socio-spatial inequalities and for the right to the city in Belém, State of Pará, based on the socio-spatial interpretation of their narratives, tactics, and strategies in recent years. We seek to strengthen a geographic theory of urban social movements viewed as a fundamental analytical category for the scalar understanding of the urban crisis that affects several metropolises in the current capitalist context. In addition, we aim to reinforce the importance of dialogue between academia (from a geographic perspective) and social movements (and their struggles for the right to the city), so that they can cooperate in the construction of alternatives increasingly accompanied by greater socio-spatial justice in the production of the urban space. activism is sociospatial socio spatial Belém Pará narratives tactics years context addition from perspective city, , city) space

A profissionalização da política e da governança é essencial para o desenvolvimento de instituições democráticas eficazes, transparentes e voltadas para a comunidade. A pesquisa analisou a influência da profissionalização política na governança municipal e na governabilidade em um distrito do Equador. A metodologia qualitativa exploratória e descritiva incluiu entrevistas semiestruturadas com 12 atores-chave como amostra do estudo, análise temática por meio de codificação e construção de redes semânticas usando o software Atlas.ti 24 para codificar as respostas em categorias como integridade profissional, corrupção, transparência e responsabilidade. Os resultados mostram que, embora a profissionalização política possa melhorar a eficiência administrativa e a transparência, ela enfrenta desafios como a resistência à mudança e a desconexão com a realidade do cidadão. Práticas negativas, como tráfico de influência e lavagem de dinheiro, tornam-se obstáculos críticos à governança eficaz, enquanto a educação e o treinamento em ética são componentes essenciais para fortalecer a capacidade dos agentes políticos. Para garantir uma gestão pública transparente e vantajosa para todos, recomenda-se que os profissionais políticos combinem o treinamento técnico adequado com uma sólida base ética.

La profesionalización de la política y la gobernanza resultan fundamentales para el desarrollo de instituciones democráticas eficaces, transparentes y orientadas a la comunidad. La investigación efectuada analizó influencia de la profesionalización política en la gobernanza y gobernabilidad municipal en un distrito de Ecuador. La metodología cualitativa de tipo exploratoria y descriptiva incluyó entrevistas semiestructuradas a 12 actores claves como muestra de estudio, análisis temático a través de la codificación y construcción de redes semánticas mediante el software Atlas.ti 24, para codificar las respuestas en categorías como integridad profesional, corrupción, transparencia y rendición de cuentas. Los resultados muestran que, si bien la profesionalización política puede mejorar la eficiencia administrativa y la transparencia, se enfrenta a retos como la resistencia al cambio y la desconexión con la realidad ciudadana. Las prácticas negativas, como el tráfico de influencias y el blanqueo de dinero, devienen obstáculos críticos para una gobernanza eficaz, mientras que la educación y la formación ética son componentes esenciales para reforzar la capacidad de los actores políticos. Para garantizar una gestión pública transparente y beneficiosa para todos, se recomienda que los profesionales de la política combinen una formación técnica adecuada, con una sólida base ética.

The professionalization of politics and governance is essential for the development of effective, transparent and community-oriented democratic institutions The research analyzed the influence of political professionalization on municipal governance and governability in a district in Ecuador. The exploratory and descriptive qualitative methodology included semi-structured interviews with 12 key actors as a study sample, thematic analysis through coding and construction of semantic networks using Atlas.ti 24 software to code responses in categories such as professional integrity, corruption, transparency and accountability. The results show that while political professionalization can improve administrative efficiency and transparency, it faces challenges such as resistance to change and disconnection with citizen reality. Negative practices, such as influence peddling and money laundering, are critical obstacles to effective governance, while education and ethics training are essential components to strengthen the capacity of political actors. To ensure transparent and win-win governance, it is recommended that political professionals combine appropriate technical training with a solid ethical foundation.

RESUMO A resistência bacteriana a antibióticos (AMR-Bacteria) é um dos principais problemas de saúde global. Somente no ano de 2019, estimou-se que 1,27 milhão de pessoas morreu devido a complicações por doenças bacterianas resistentes. A abordagem One Health é a principal estratégia no enfrentamento da AMR-Bacteria. Assim, este ensaio objetiva refletir sobre a aplicação da abordagem Saúde Única no enfrentamento da AMR-Bacteria no âmbito da agropecuária. A AMR-Bacteria está parcialmente relacionada à produção intensiva de alimentos de origem animal. Um dos principais desafios para implantação da abordagem é a falta de comunicação entre atores. A solução para esse impasse perpassa o treinamento transdisciplinar para a formação de redes de pesquisa e desenvolvimento de ferramentas de vigilância. A Saúde Única pressupõe a negociação para construir políticas públicas sustentáveis. A busca por estratégias para o enfrentamento de AMR-Bacteria perpassa levar em consideração o equilíbrio entre a questão econômica da produção de alimentos, o bem-estar físico dos animais e os efeitos para o meio ambiente. Aqueles que desejam pôr em prática a abordagem devem formar equipes, combinar métodos e técnicas e envolver diferentes atores. A partir do olhar da Saúde Única pode-se conhecer melhor como ações humanas contribuem com a disseminação de AMR-Bacteria.

ABSTRACT The bacterial resistance to antibiotics (AMR-Bacteria) is one of the main global health problems. In 2019 alone, it was estimated that 1.27 million people died due to complications from resistant bacterial diseases. The One Health approach is the primary strategy in addressing AMR-Bacteria. Thus, this essay aimed to reflect on the application of the One Health approach in addressing AMR-Bacteria within the scope of agriculture. AMR-Bacteria is partially related to the intensive production of animal-origin foods. One of the main challenges for implementing the approach is the lack of communication among stakeholders. The solution to this impasse involves transdisciplinary training to form research networks and develop surveillance tools. One Health presupposes negotiation to build sustainable public policies. The search for strategies to address AMR-Bacteria involves considering the balance between the economic issue of food production, the physical well-being of animals, and the effects on the environment. Those wishing to implement the approach must form teams, combine methods and techniques, and involve different stakeholders. Through the lens of One Health, one can better understand how human actions contribute to the spread of AMR-Bacteria.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as implicações das construções das masculinidades na determinação social da saúde de homens em situação de rua. Realizou-se uma etnografia urbana entre outubro de 2018 e setembro de 2019 com homens em situação de rua no bairro Centro em Florianópolis-SC. Para coleta de informações, realizou-se observação participante com registro de 73 dias no diário de campo, 8 entrevistas e 5 gravações de conversas no cotidiano. Realizou-se análise temática para tratamento do material proveniente da coleta de campo, buscando evidenciar as experiências e percepções dos homens em situação de rua, suas articulações e divergências, com enfoque na relação das construções de masculinidades com o processo saúde-doença. Foram identificados e discutidos três temas: percepção sobre a saúde e as estratégias de cuidado; naturalização das violências e suas repercussões; e relação com os serviços de saúde. O contexto da vida na rua produz vulnerações pela precariedade de acesso às necessidades básicas, influenciando nas manifestações e práticas de masculinidades. A acentuação de características como autossuficiência, violência e força influenciaram na maior exposição a situações de risco e resistência ao cuidado em saúde.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to identify the implications of constructions of masculinities on the social determination of health among homeless men. An urban ethnography was conducted between October 2018 and September 2019 with homeless men in the downtown area of Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data collection involved participant observation, with 73 days of field notes, 8 interviews, and 5 recordings of everyday conversations. Thematic analysis was performed to examine the material collected, exploring the experiences and perceptions of homeless men regarding the similarities and divergences in the construction of masculinities and health-disease processes. Three themes were identified and discussed: perception of health and care strategies; naturalization of violence and its impacts on physical; and relationship with health services. The context of street life produces vulnerabilities due to the precariousness of access to basic needs, influencing the manifestations and practices of masculinities. The accentuation of characteristics such as self-reliance, violence, and strength influenced the greater exposure to risk situations and resistance to healthcare.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a qualidade dos dados do Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Produtos Controlados (SNGPC), disponíveis em acesso aberto, quanto aos antimicrobianos (ATM) e propor melhorias. Trata-se de estudo exploratório e descritivo dos registros das vendas de ATM das farmácias e drogarias privadas brasileiras, realizadas nos meses de junho de 2017 a 2020. Foram consideradas três dimensões da qualidade: completude, clareza metodológica e validade. Análise dos dados realizada utilizando-se estatística descritiva. A despeito de o banco fornecer dados relevantes sobre o consumo de ATM, este apresenta problemas que limitam ou dificultam sua análise. Os principais entraves encontrados foram: falta de padronização do nome e descrição dos ATM, presença de informações diversas no campo de descrição da apresentação e ausência de dados individualizados anonimizados. O SNGPC é uma importante fonte de dados do consumo de ATM no Brasil, tendo em vista que farmácias e drogarias privadas são as principais fontes de acesso da população a esses medicamentos. No entanto, o SNGPC necessita de melhorias que facilitem sua utilização por pesquisadores, gestores e profissionais de saúde, possibilitando a realização de estudos mais robustos e o monitoramento sistemático do consumo de ATM para subsidiar estratégias de combate à resistência microbiana.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to analyze the quality of the database regarding antimicrobials from the Brazilian National Controlled Products Management System (SNGPC) available in the public domain and propose improvements. This was an exploratory and descriptive study of antimicrobial sales records from Brazilian private pharmacies, conducted from June 2017 to 2020. Three quality dimensions were considered: completeness, methodological clarity, and validity. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Although the database offers valuable information on antimicrobial consumption, it also poses several challenges that hinder or complicate the analysis. The main obstacles found were: a lack of standardization of the name and description of antimicrobials, the presence of different information in the presentation description field, and the absence of anonymized individualized data. The SNGPC is a key data source on antimicrobial consumption in Brazil, as private pharmacies and drugstores are the population’s primary sources of access to these medications. However, the SNGPC requires improvements to facilitate its use by researchers, policymakers, and healthcare professionals. These improvements would enable more comprehensive studies and support the systematic monitoring of antimicrobial consumption, contributing to strategies to tackle antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

BACKGROUND. The occurrence of abortion-related morbidity indicates limited access to safe abortion. Globally, unsafe abortions remain a persistent, yet preventable, cause of maternal mortality. South Africa (SA) is internationally recognised for its progressive reproductive rights framework, supported by its Constitution and laws. However, evidence suggests that women encounter barriers to accessing safe abortions, including stigma, resistance from healthcare providers, a shortage of trained professionals and a lack of awareness of their rights. We hypothesised that, 20 years after the promulgation of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, the incidence of incomplete abortion (ICA) and the prevalence of abortion-related morbidity would change, influenced by access to safe abortion and the introduction of medication abortion. We wanted to compare our data with 2000 and 1994 survey results to assess change. OBJECTIVES. To estimate the incidence of incomplete abortion and describe the prevalence of abortion-related morbidity in SA public hospitals in 2018. METHODS. This was a cross-sectional, retrospective study. We selected a stratified random sample of public hospitals. We extracted data from medical records of women who presented with ICA during a predetermined 21-day period in 2018. Data were captured directly into a REDCap database. To estimate the national incidence of ICA, we used population estimates for 2018, comprising 17 199 227 women aged 12 - 49 years, and 1 200 436 live births. The prevalence of ICA morbidity is reported. We compared the rates in this study with those reported from similar studies in 2000 and 1994. RESULTS. We found 913 medical records of women presenting with ICA in the 56 public hospitals. ICA incidence was 367 (274 - 459) per 100 000 women aged 12 - 49 years. The average age of the women was 27 years, and the majority had a previous pregnancy before the ICA. A large proportion (73.9%) of women were in the first trimester. There was no sign of infection in 92.5% of records, no organ failure in 99.1% of records and there were no deaths. There was no change in the ICA incidence when compared with the 1994 and 2000 results. Women's mean age and having a previous pregnancy were similar in the three studies (1994, 2000 and 2018). The proportion of women presenting in the first trimester increased over time: 60.5% in 1994, 67.1% in 2000 and 73.9% in 2018. There has been a decline in the prevalence of abortion-related morbidity, demonstrated by lower levels of severity, no signs of infections and no organ failure. CONCLUSION. ICA incidence has not changed, but related morbidity is declining. Various factors could explain our findings, but the lack of change in ICA incidence indicates that access to formal abortion care has not improved over the past 20 years.

ABSTRACT Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) is one of the important diseases in corn (Zea mays L.) plants in Indonesia and causes yield losses about 27% to 90%. One of the controls to suppress TLB is using resistant cultivars. This study aims to evaluate the resistance of hybrid corn genotypes to TLB and determine its effect on the epidemic components of the disease. There are four hybrid corn genotypes HCG11, HCG12, HCG13, and HCG14 that were tested with comparison cultivars used are P36, PAC339, NK8103, BISI18, and Anoman. Observation of TLB severity was carried out when plants were 60, 70, 80, and 90 d after plant. The study was prepared using a randomized group design consisting of nine treatments and repeated three times. The observational data were statistically analyzed and continued with least significant different (LSD) test. Analysis of disease progression models in the field was carried out based on goodness of fit tests, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and path analysis. The results showed that only the HCG11 genotype showed a somewhat resistant reaction to TLB disease with disease severity of 33.94%, significantly lower than the comparison cvs. PAC339, BISI18, and Anoman in the 5% LSD test. The epidemic component of the disease also showed that the HCG11 genotype had the lowest AUDPC value and infection rate with the highest protection index against TLB disease. Path analysis showed that relative humidity, temperature, precipitation, and wind speed had a significant effect on the progression of TLB disease.

Abstract The study highlights the discourses produced by mothers and professionals from the Rede Cegonha Program of the Brazilian Ministry of Health in the relationship between the body, women and public health policies on labor and birth. For this purpose, 17 semi-structured interviews were conducted and categorized in the Rede Cegonha Program, body and woman, and submitted to Foucauldian discourse analysis, processes of subjectification (resistance and subjection) and biopolitics. The data revealed: i) the relevance of a public program for this purpose; ii) the centrality of the pregnant body and the historical challenge of understanding women as mothers beyond reproduction; iii) the idea of defective bodies and resistance of those who know how to give birth; and iv) the possibilities of self-government of mothers and, consequently, the production of the self based on the experiences reported. We highlight the importance of studies in the area that emphasize the bodies of mothers as being in control of their lives, strengthening their processes of self-government.

Resumo O estudo evidencia discursos produzidos por mulheres mães e por profissionais do Programa Rede Cegonha do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil na relação entre corpo, mulher e políticas públicas de saúde sobre parto e nascimento. Para tanto, foram realizadas 17 entrevistas semiestruturadas, categorizadas em Programa Rede Cegonha, corpo e mulher; e submetidas à análise de discurso foucaultiana, processos de subjetivação (resistência e sujeitamento) e biopolítica. Os dados demonstraram: i) relevância de programa público para esse fim; ii) centralidade ao corpo gravídico e desafio histórico em compreender a mulher mãe para além da reprodução; iii) ideia de corpos defeituosos e resistência daqueles que sabem parir; e iv) possibilidades de autogoverno das mulheres mães e, consequente, produção de si a partir das vivências relatadas. Destacamos a importância de estudos na área que enfatizem os corpos das mulheres mães como produtores das suas existências, fortalecendo seus processos de autogoverno.

Resumen El estudio destaca los discursos producidos por mujeres madres y profesionales del Programa Rede Cegonha del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil en la relación entre el cuerpo, la mujer y las políticas de salud pública en materia de parto y nacimiento. Para ello, se realizaron 17 entrevistas semiestructuradas, categorizadas en Programa Rede Cegonha, cuerpo y mujer; y sometido al análisis del discurso foucaultiano, a los procesos de subjetivación (resistencia y sometimiento) y a la biopolítica. Los datos demostraron: i) la relevancia de un programa público para este propósito; ii) la centralidad del cuerpo gestante y desafío histórico en la comprensión de la mujer madre más allá de la reproducción; iii) la idea de cuerpos defectuosos y resistencia de quienes saben parir; y iv) las posibilidades de autogobierno para las mujeres madres y, en consecuencia, de autoproducción a partir de las experiencias relatadas. Resaltamos la relevancia de estudios en el área que enfatizan los cuerpos de las mujeres madres como productoras de su existencia, fortaleciendo sus procesos de autogobierno.