Abstract This study handles the possibility of formulating artisanal paints for wall paintings whose pigments come from plants, considering the need for additives and techniques capable of guaranteeing a good performance for internal walls of buildings. The lack of recipes and publications on the proportion of each component to obtain a paint with good performance motivated the preparation of the present research, in which formulations were developed through experimental design of mixtures to obtain homogeneous suspensions that comply with the limits stipulated by NBR 15079-1:2021. The performance of the mixtures in the Abrasion Resistance Test was evaluated according to the variations in the proportions of the components of the mixtures, and the pH and viscosity variable. The results indicate that the highest levels of abrasion resistance were achieved by raising the levels of pigment and bactericide, while high pH indices showed high viscosity and good performance against abrasion resistance, and vice versa. Through this study, it is concluded that it is possible to elaborate paints with Curcuma Longa L. pigments and natural inputs with satisfactory performance for the application and elaboration of mural paintings on internal walls of buildings.

Resumo Opresente estudo buscou formular tintas artesanais para pinturas de murais cujos pigmentos sejam oriundos de plantas, considerando a necessidade de aditivos e técnicas capazes de garantir um bom desempenho para paredes internas de edificações. A falta de receitas e publicações sobre a proporção de cada componente para a obtenção de uma tinta com bom desempenho motivou a elaboração da presente pesquisa, em que foram desenvolvidas formulações através de delineamento experimental de misturas para obter suspensões homogêneas que estejam em conformidade com os limites de desempenho definidos pela NBR 15079-1:2021. O desempenho das misturas frente ao ensaio de resistência à abrasão (RAU) foi avaliado de acordo com as variações das proporções dos componentes das misturas e as variáveis de pH e viscosidade. Os resultados indicam que os índices mais elevados de RAU foram alcançados ao elevar os níveis de pigmento e bactericida, ao passo que altos índices de pH apresentaram viscosidade elevada e bom desempenho frente à RAU, e vice-versa. Através do presente estudo, conclui-se que é possível elaborar tintas com pigmentos de Curcuma Longa L. e insumos naturais com desempenho satisfatório para aplicação e elaboração de pinturas murais em paredes internas de edificações.

Abstract There are several characteristics that influence fire resistance of load-bearing masonries, wherein stand out the bricks compressive strength. Verification of wall systems fire behavior was conducted as prescribed by NBR 5628. This research aims to comparatively analyze fire resistance in real scale load-bearing walls, considering thermal insulation, structural stability, and airtightness. The thickness of the coating and laying mortar were standardized for all specimens just varying brick geometry and septs design in blocks of EST 60, 100, and 140 class. The obtained results show that the compressive strength of the bricks can induce both the structural stability of the constructive systems and its thermal insulation, being a typically critical characteristic for clay brick walls in a building fire. The sample with the highest compressive strength obtained the shortest local displacement, contributing to mitigate the generation of fissures in the system, enhancing the thermal insulation of the clay brick wall, and, thereby, its fire resistance.

Resumo Diversas características influenciam a resistência ao fogo de sistema de parede em alvenaria estrutural, dentre as quais pode se incluir sua resistência à compressão. O comportamento desse sistema é validado experimentalmente conforme a norma NBR 5628. Esse estudo tem como objetivo analisar comparativamente a resistência ao fogo obtida através de ensaios em escala real em alvenaria estrutural, envolvendo as características de isolamento térmico, estanqueidade a passagem de gases e fumaça e estabilidade estrutural. Foram avaliados componentes com a mesma configuração em termos de revestimento e assentamento, assumindo como variável a resistência a compressão dos blocos, tendo sido considerados neste estudo blocos de classe EST 60, 100 e 140. Os resultados obtidos apontam que a resistência à compressão da alvenaria pode influenciar, além da estabilidade estrutural do sistema, também seu isolamento térmico, critério tipicamente crítico para alvenarias de blocos cerâmicos em situação de incêndio. A amostra de maior resistência à compressão apresentou menor deslocamento horizontal, contribuindo para mitigar a geração de fissuras, aumentando a oposição da alvenaria à passagem da temperatura ao longo de sua seção transversal e assim aumentar sua resistência ao fogo.

Abstract The intensification of violence and the violation of human rights in migratory crises is currently a central theme in the experimentation of graphic narratives, which have given rise to the hybrid and critical genre represented by the graphic chronicle and the graphic novel of migration. The verbo-visual treatment is analyzed in the series of twelve graphic chronicles of migration “My life as an immigrant in Chile” (2018) of Sábado Magazine, in the newspaper El Mercurio, an agent of public discourse that has consolidated stereotypes and prejudices about the migrant population. Through qualitative content analysis of the image-text articulation, the verb-visual strategies of the graphic chronicle of journalistic and literary tone are examined. The elements that confer authenticity, reliability and veracity to the chronicle were established according to the use of testimony, portraits of the protagonists and contextual data. Likewise, literary elements were determined such as the staging of vulnerability, enhancement of the cultural fabric, multiple narrative voices and the recreation of resilient resistance, which together allude to the human rights perspective. The graphic chronicle intensifies the use of the testimonial voice and omits the author (witness), but the latter appears in the verb-visual articulation in biases and introduction of the ambiguity of migration experiences, and in the relationship with the “distant near”. The graphic chronicle of migration can be significantly modulated by the mediatized public discourse, weakening its critical reading of reality.

Resumen La intensificación de la violencia y la violación a los derechos humanos en las crisis migratorias es en la actualidad una temática central en la experimentación de las narrativas gráficas, las que han originado el género híbrido y crítico representado por la crónica gráfica y la novela gráfica de migración. Se analiza el tratamiento verbo-visual en la serie de doce crónicas gráficas de migración “Mi vida como inmigrante en Chile” (2018) de la Revista Sábado, inserta en el periódico El Mercurio, agente del discurso público que ha consolidado estereotipos y prejuicios sobre la población migrante. A través de análisis de contenido cualitativo de la articulación imagen-texto se examinan las estrategias verbo-visuales de la crónica gráfica de tono periodístico y literario. Los elementos que confieren autenticidad, fiabilidad y veracidad a la crónica se establecieron de acuerdo con el del testimonio, retratos de los protagonistas y datos de contexto. Asimismo, se determinaron los elementos literarios como la puesta en escena de la vulnerabilidad, realce de la trama cultural, de las voces narrativas múltiples y la recreación de la resistencia resiliente, que en conjunto aluden a la perspectiva de derechos humanos. La crónica gráfica intensifica el uso de la voz testimonial y omite la del autor (testigo), pero este último aparece en la articulación verbo-visual en sesgos e introducción de la ambigüedad de las experiencias de la migración, y en la relación con el “lejano próximo”. La crónica gráfica de migración puede ser modulada significativamente por el discurso público mediatizado debilitando su lectura crítica de la realidad.

Resumen La mastitis bovina es una enfermedad que afecta a las ganaderías de pequeños y medianos productores de los cantones Cayambe y Pedro Moncayo, Provincia de Pichincha-Ecuador. El tratamiento de esta enfermedad resulta complicado debido a la variedad de microorganismos que la provocan. El presente estudio se enfocó en la determinación molecular por medio de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) de los agentes etiológicos de la mastitis. Esta técnica presenta múltiples ventajas al reconocer familia, género y especie de microorganismos, y es un método capaz de detectar genes de resistencia de antibióticos, lo que resulta importante al momento de diagnosticar y tratar enfermedades. El objetivo de esta investigación se centró en la identificación de bacterias causantes de la mastitis bovina, utilizando pruebas bioquímicas y moleculares. Las pruebas bioquímicas como tinción Gram, Catalasa, Coagulasa, y Agar Manitol Sal fueron eficientes para obtener cepas puras y determinar el género de algunas bacterias. Se utilizaron primers específicos (RNA16S) para la identificación molecular de 9 agentes etiológicos causantes de la enfermedad en las unidades productivas. Los microorganismos encontrados fueron; Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Sphingomonas sp., Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, la mayoría presentes en mastitis clínica. Para detectar genes de resistencia se utilizaron primers específicos, de los cuales 7 muestras presentaron el gen para resistencia a blaTEM (β-lactámicos) y 6 muestras presentaron el gen para resistencia a tetA (tetraciclinas). Se identificó multirresistencia en las especies: Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus uberis, Sphingomonas sp.

Abstract Bovine mastitis is a disease that affects the farms of small and medium producers in the cantons of Cayambe and Pedro Moncayo, Pichincha Province-Ecuador. Treating this disease is not easy due to the different microorganisms that cause it. This study focused on the molecular determination by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the etiological agents of mastitis, having multiple advantages when recognizing family, gender and species of microorganisms. It is a method capable of detecting resistance genes of antibiotics, an important analysis when diagnosing and treating diseases. The aim of this research is to identify bacteria causing bovine mastitis by using biochemical and molecular tests. Biochemical tests such as: Gram staining, Catalase, Coagulase, and Mannitol Salt Agar were efficient to obtain pure strains and determine the gender of some bacteria. Specific primers (RNA16S) were used for the molecular identification of 9 etiological agents causing the disease in the productive units. The microorganisms found were Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Sphingomonas sp., Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, mostly present in clinic mastitis. To detect resistance genes, specific primers were used, of which 7 samples presented the gene for resistance to blaTEM (β-lactam) and 6 samples presented the gene for resistance to tetA (tetracyclines). Multi-resistance was identified in the species Staphylococcus pasteuri, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus uberis, Sphingomonas sp.

Resumen En la vena pluralista postmoderna, que abre paso a nuevas formas de leer los textos y la historia, el bicentenario de la Revolución Francesa (1789) despertó un renovado interés por su triada principista en general, pero sobre todo por la fraternidad en tanto categoría política. Desde los primeros estudios llevados adelante en Europa y América Latina, quedó clara su importancia para la construcción de la paz y la evolución de las democracias. En este artículo, se aborda la fraternidad en el marco de la conformación y consolidación de Somalilandia como un estado independiente (1991-1996), destacando su relevancia para el debate sobre resistencia civil y las formas de lucha no violenta. Debido al indiscutido protagonismo de las mujeres, sobre todo las poetas, es posible subrayar la importancia y particularidades de la participación femenina en los movimientos de resistencia y la relevancia de las artes como medio de lucha.

Resumo Na veia pluralista pós-moderna, que abre caminho para novas formas de leitura dos textos e da história, o bicentenário da Revolução Francesa (1789) despertou um interesse renovado em sua tríade de princípios em geral, mas especialmente na fraternidade como categoria política. A partir dos primeiros estudos realizados na Europa e na América Latina, ficou clara a sua importância para a construção da paz e a evolução das democracias. Este artigo aborda a fraternidade no quadro da formação e consolidação da Somalilândia como Estado independente (1991-1996), destacando a sua relevância para o debate sobre a resistência civil e as formas de luta não violenta. Devido ao indiscutível protagonismo das mulheres, especialmente das poetisas, é possível sublinhar a importância e as particularidades da participação feminina nos movimentos de resistência e a relevância das artes como meio de luta.

Abstract In the postmodern pluralist vein that opens the way to new ways of reading texts and history, the bicentenary of the French Revolution (1789) awakened a renewed interest in its principled triad in general, but above all in fraternity as a political category. Its importance for peace-building and the evolution of democracies became clear from the first studies carried out in Europe and Latin America. This article discusses fraternity in the context of the formation and consolidation of Somaliland as an independent state from Somalia (1991-1996), and its relevance to the debate on civil resistance and the different nonviolent forms of struggle. Given the undisputed prominence of women, especially women poets, it is possible to underline the importance and particularities of female participation in this kind of movements and the relevance of the arts as a means of struggle.

Abstract The development of living beings depends on the health and chemical quality of the available water. In recent years, the importance of the environment in the spread of resistant and multi-resistant bacteria to antibiotics has been observed, a situation that has placed the problem of antibiotic resistance on a broader level and which is being studied from the perspective “One Health”. The objective of this work was to determine the presence of multi-resistant bacteria to antibiotics in irrigation water samples from the Chibunga river. Fourteen water samples of 100 mL each were collected in sterile containers and aseptically, were kept under refrigeration until analysis in the laboratory. Each sample was seeded by the surface seeding method on blood, cystine electrolyte deficient, MacConkey, Salmonella-Shigella and thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose agars, incubating in all cases at a temperature of 37 °C for a maximum time of 48 hours. The identification of bacterial colonies was carried out through physiological and biochemical tests according to the identification schemes indicated by MacFaddin. The resistance/sensitivity to antibiotics of the identified colonies was carried out by the disk diffusion method of Kirby Bauer. Two species of multi-resistant bacteria were identified, including strains of Morganella morgani and Plesiomonas shigelloides resistant to antibiotics of clinical use such as ceftazidime, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The results show that the waters of Chibunga river harbor bacteria with multi-resistance to antimicrobials, representing a contamination risk of agricultural products harvested in its vicinity, as well as for the people who use these waters.

Resumen El bienestar y desarrollo de los seres vivos depende de la calidad sanitaria y química del agua disponible. En los últimos años se ha venido observando la importancia del ambiente en la diseminación de bacterias resistentes y multirresistentes a los antibióticos, situación que ha colocado la problemática de la resistencia en un plano más amplio y que se está estudiando desde la perspectiva “One Health”. En este sentido, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la presencia de bacterias multirresistentes a los antibióticos en muestras de agua de riego provenientes del río Chibunga. Se recolectaron 14 muestras de agua de un volumen de 100 mL cada una, en envases estériles y de manera aséptica, las cuales fueron conservadas bajo refrigeración hasta su análisis en el laboratorio. Cada muestra fue sembrada por el método de siembra en superficie en los agares cistina electrolito deficiente, MacConkey, Salmonella-Shigella, tiosulfato citrato bilis sacarosa y agar sangre, incubándose en todos los casos a una temperatura de 37 °C durante un tiempo máximo de 48 horas. La identificación de las colonias bacterianas se realizó mediante pruebas fisiológicas y bioquímicas de acuerdo con los esquemas de identificación indicados por MacFaddin. El perfil de susceptibilidad a los antibióticos de las colonias identificadas se realizó por el método de difusión en disco de Kirby Bauer. Se lograron identificar 2 especies de bacterias multirresistentes, entre ellas, cepas de Morganella morganii y Plesiomonas shigelloides resistentes a antibióticos de uso clínico como ceftazidima, aztreonam, ciprofloxacino, ácido nalidíxico y trimetroprim-sulfametoxazol. Los resultados muestran que las aguas del río Chibunga albergan bacterias con multirresistencia a los antimicrobianos, representando un riesgo de contaminación de los productos agrícolas cosechados en sus inmediaciones, así como para las personas que utilizan estas aguas.

Abstract Currently, the practice of cycling has had a considerable increase, as well as the use of mountain bikes (MTB) with rigid frames, used as a means of transportation and for competition, due to their affordable cost. This type of bicycles, when used for various purposes, present varied stresses in its frame, which leads to exceed the design requirements, presenting failures in the upper chainstays. This type of failure will be analized in this study, which is why the information regarding the frame material, acting loads and 3D modeling is collected. Subsequently, a homologation analysis of the failure is generated and an improvement proposal is determined by applying geometric optimization, where a thickness of 3,50 mm is determined in the upper sheaths, guaranteeing the resistance of the bicycle frame under the study conditions; that is, a drop of 60 cm and a load of 74 kg, this guarantees that the stress in the upper chainstays does not exceed the ultimate stress of the material of 890,94 MPa.

Resumen En la actualidad la práctica del ciclismo ha tenido un incremento considerable, así como el uso de bicicletas de montaña (Mountain Bike, MTB, en inglés), de cuadro rígido, utilizadas como medio de transporte y para competencia, debido a su costo asequible. Este tipo de bicicletas, al ser utilizadas para varios propósitos, presentan esfuerzos variados en su cuadro, que conllevan a sobrepasar las exigencias de diseño, presentándose fallos en las vainas superiores. Este tipo de fallo es analizado en este estudio, motivo por el cual se levanta la información referente al material del cuadro, cargas actuantes y modelado 3D. Posterior se genera un análisis de homologación del fallo y se determina una propuesta de mejora aplicando optimización geométrica, donde se determina un espesor de 3,50 mm en las vainas superiores, garantizando la resistencia del cuadro de bicicleta bajo las condiciones de estudio; es decir, un drop de 60 cm y carga de 74 kg, con la cual se garantiza que el esfuerzo en las vainas superiores no sobrepase el esfuerzo último del material de 890,94 MPa.

Abstract In the present study, a prediction of hardness deterioration and abrasive wear was performed through a neural network using artificial intelligence on a material printed in SLA. This article aims to predict the mechanical properties, wear resistance and surface hardness of parts manufactured by SLA stereolithography printing. A full factorial DOE was used to associate the peculiar parameters (print orientation, cure time, layer height) to perform experiments. The mechanical properties were evaluated according to ASTM regulations, with the objective of obtaining feeding data and validation of the predictions of the Taber Wear Index and hardness using an artificial neural network. The experimental results are in good agreement with the measured data with satisfactory prediction errors with a mean square error (MSE) of 0.01 corresponding to abrasive wear using the clear resin and a mean absolute error (MSE) of 0.09 with an R2 of 0.756, the prediction with the neural network with a mean square error (MSE) of 2.47 corresponding to abrasive wear using the tough resin and a mean absolute error (MSE) of 14.3 with an R2 of 0.97. It was shown that the accuracy of the prediction is reasonable, and the network has the potential to be improved if the experimental database for training the network could be expanded. Therefore, wear and hardness mechanical properties can be predicted appropriately with an ANN.

Resumen En el presente estudio se realizó una predicción del deterioro de la dureza y el desgaste abrasivo a través de una red neuronal utilizando inteligencia artificial sobre un material impreso en SLA. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo predecir las propiedades mecánicas de resistencia al desgaste y dureza superficial de piezas fabricadas mediante impresión por estereolitografía (SLA). Para realizar los experimentos se utilizó un diseño factorial de dos niveles o DOE factorial completo y así asociar los parámetros peculiares (orientación de impresión, tiempo de curado, altura de la capa). Las propiedades mecánicas fueron evaluadas según normativas ASTM, con el objetivo de obtener datos de alimentación y validación de las predicciones del índice de desgaste Taber y la dureza empleando una red neuronal artificial. Los resultados experimentales concuerdan con los datos medidos con errores de predicción satisfactorios con un error cuadrático medio (MSE) de 0,01 correspondiente al desgaste abrasivo utilizando la resina transparente y un error absoluto medio (MSE) de 0,09 con un R2 de 0,76. La predicción con la red neuronal tiene un error cuadrático medio (MSE) de 2.47 perteneciente al desgaste abrasivo utilizando la resina resistente y un error absoluto medio (MSE) de 14,3 con un R2 de 0,97. Se demostró que la precisión de la predicción es razonable, y que la red tiene potencial para mejorar si se pudiera ampliar la base de datos experimental para entrenar la red. Por lo tanto, las propiedades mecánicas de desgaste y dureza se pueden predecir, adecuadamente, con una RNA.

Abstract Every year the number of Moroccan women who travel temporarily to Spain to work in the berry farm grows. In the year 2022 there were 19,000 women. However, this activity is accompanied by labor irregularities, complaints of sexual abuse and other problems that have drawn the attention of international organizations. The aim of this article is to expose the existing breach of labor rights based on the construction of a recruitment profile and the emerging response and attitude of resistance on the part of migrant women in the province. The methodology starts from a feminist point of view and an ethnographic study is carried out, from February to April 2022, where the main axis will be the stories of Moroccan women. Among the conclusions we discover how the search for a recruitment profile based on discriminatory elements that guarantee the return of women workers leads to serious consequences such as the systematic breach of their labor rights.

Resumen Cada año crece el número de mujeres marroquíes que se desplaza de forma temporal a España para trabajar en la explotación agrícola de frutos rojos. En el año 2022 fueron 19.000 mujeres. Sin embargo, esta actividad ha generado preocupación social debido a las denuncias continuas por parte de las trabajadoras por vulneración de derechos, así como por abusos sexuales. El objetivo de este artículo es la exposición de la violación de derechos laborales existente con base en la construcción de un perfil de contratación y la emergente respuesta de resistencia por parte de las mujeres migrantes en la provincia. La metodología parte de un punto de vista feminista y se realiza un estudio etnográfico, desde febrero a abril de 2022, donde el eje principal serán los relatos de las mujeres marroquíes. Entre las conclusiones descubrimos cómo la búsqueda de un perfil de contratación basado en elementos discriminatorios que garanticen el retorno de las trabajadoras.

Sumário Em 2003, o Comité Olímpico Internacional (COI) emitiu regras de elegibilidade para pessoas trans e, desde então, vários órgãos desportivos têm vindo a elaborar as suas próprias normas. Algumas federações aplicam regras baseadas na auto-definição de sexo, enquanto outras aplicam regras baseadas no sexo atribuído à nascença ou no momento em que a afirmação de sexo foi legalmente realizada. Este artigo aprofunda o debate sobre a inclusão de pessoas trans no desporto através da apresentação do estudo de caso do rugby, cuja federação internacional estabeleceu, em 2020, regras trans-exclusionárias sob o argumento de competição justa e proteção da integridade física de mulheres cisgénero. É apresenta uma análise crítica aos fundamentos destas políticas e discutidas as consequências de abordagens similares na carreira desportiva de pessoas trans. Como metodologia, foi realizada uma análise crítica documental às normas da World Rugby e foram realizadas entrevistas a pessoas relacionadas com o universo desportivo em Portugal. Observou-se que as regras elaboradas criam uma hierarquia entre os sexos binários e entre as próprias identidades trans, focam em medidas de comparação insuficientes como a força de repetição única, e descartam fatores como aumento de massa gorda após reposição hormonal. Na ausência da possibilidade de prosseguir uma carreira desportiva, verificou-se uma capacidade de agência e de encaixe noutros âmbitos que, não sendo a prática desportiva competitiva enquanto atletas, permite às pessoas trans chegar a outras funções de relevo dentro do universo desportivo.

Abstract In 2003, the International Olympic Committee issued eligibility rules for transgender people, and since then, various sporting bodies have developed their own rules. Some federations apply rules based on self-definition of sex, while others apply rules based on the sex assigned at birth or when the sex claim was made. This article deepens the debate on the inclusion of trans people in sport through the presentation of the rugby’s case study, whose international federation presented, in 2020, exclusivist rules under the argument of fair competition and protection of the physical integrity of cisgender women. A critical analysis of the foundations of these rules will be presented and the consequences of similar approaches in the sports career of trans people will be discussed. Regarding methodology, a critical document analysis on the World Rugby’s rules was carried out and semi-structured interviews were conducted with people related to the sports universe in Portugal. It was observed that the elaborate rules create a hierarchy between the binary sexes and between trans people themselves, focus on limited measures of comparison such as single repetition strength, and rule out factors such as increased fat mass after transition. In the absence of the possibility of pursuing a sporting career, there was a capacity for agency and engagement in other areas that allows trans people to reach other important functions within the sports universe.

Resumen En 2003, el Comité Olímpico Internacional emitió reglas de elegibilidad para personas transgénero y, desde entonces, varios organismos deportivos han desarrollado sus propias reglas. Algunas federaciones aplican reglas basadas en la autodefinición del sexo, mientras que otras aplican reglas basadas en el sexo asignado al nacer o cuando se hizo la declaración de sexo. Este artículo profundiza el debate sobre la inclusión de las personas trans en el deporte a través de la presentación del caso de estudio del rugby, cuya federación internacional presentó, en 2020, reglas exclusivistas bajo el argumento de la competencia leal y la protección de la integridad física de las mujeres cisgénero. Se presentará un análisis crítico de los fundamentos de estas reglas y se discutirán las consecuencias de enfoques similares en la carrera deportiva de las personas trans. Como metodología se realizó un análisis documental crítico a las reglas de World Rugby y se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a personas relacionadas con el universo deportivo en Portugal. Se observó que las reglas elaboradas crean una jerarquía entre los sexos binarios y entre las propias personas trans, se centran en medidas limitadas de comparación, como la fuerza de repetición única, y descartan factores como el aumento de la masa grasa después de la transición. Ante la ausencia de la posibilidad de seguir una carrera deportiva, existía una capacidad de agencia y compromiso en otros ámbitos que, al no ser la práctica de la competición como atletas, les permite alcanzar otras funciones importantes dentro del universo deportivo.

Resumen: El desempeño eficaz y oportuno de las funciones por parte de los agentes encargados del cumplimiento la ley bajo la ley marcial es un paso importante en el camino hacia el restablecimiento del orden público perturbado por el conflicto armado. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la estructura del mecanismo de derecho administrativo que rige las actividades de los organismos encargados de hacer cumplir la ley bajo la ley marcial. El objeto de investigación de múltiples aspectos determinó el uso de una amplia gama de métodos, como el análisis comparativo y el método de derecho comparado. En ese sentido, la aplicación de medidas por parte de la policía para realizar un examen técnico forense del lugar de los hechos tras el descubrimiento de artefactos explosivos y municiones sospechosas se considera eficaz para garantizar el orden público durante la ley marcial. Durante un conflicto armado, los agentes del orden llevan a cabo sus actividades de conformidad con las disposiciones del derecho administrativo que rigen las actividades de aplicación de la ley bajo la ley marcial. Una estructura coordinada de los organismos encargados de hacer cumplir la ley durante la ley marcial ayuda a establecer la ley y el orden, y a respetar los derechos humanos y libertades. Investigaciones futuras sobre las actividades de los organismos encargados de hacer cumplir la ley bajo la ley marcial pueden centrarse en desarrollar recomendaciones prácticas sobre la eficacia de las actividades policiales, y estos pueden ser el desminado del territorio y la inspección del lugar por parte de la policía en caso de descubrimiento de artefactos explosivos.

Abstract: Effective and timely performance of duties by law enforcement officers under martial law is an important step on the way to restoring law and order disturbed by the armed conflict. The aim of the study was to analyze the structure of the mechanism of administrative law governing the activities of law enforcement agencies under martial law. The multiple- aspect research object determined the use of a wide range of methods, such as the comparative analysis and the method of comparative law. In this sense, implementing measures by the police to provide a technical forensic examination of the scene upon the discovery of suspicious explosive devices and ammunition is considered effective for ensuring law and order during martial law. During an armed conflict, the law enforcement officers carry out their activities in compliance with the provisions of administrative law governing law enforcement activities under martial law. A coordinated structure of law enforcement agencies during martial law helps to establish law and order and observe human rights and freedom. Further research on the activities of law enforcement agencies under martial law may focus on developing practical recommendations regarding the effectiveness of police activities, and these may be demining the territory and inspecting the scene by the police in the event of the discovery of explosive devices.

A partir da geopoética, esse artigo busca introduzir o conceito mais específico da geopoética da lama como forma relevante de abordagem analítica estética para a percepção do estresse ambiental e social do mundo contemporâneo. Para tanto, buscamos, em diversas manifestações artísticas brasileiras, como a poesia, a música, o cinema e as artes visuais, exemplos em que a materialidade e a simbologia da lama são usadas para revelar uma miséria que reflete, de certa forma, o descompasso entre o ser humano e o meio ambiente. Tal descompasso está na reflexão de pensadores de distintas áreas, como o médico e geógrafo Josué de Castro, o poeta e professor Michel Collot, o filósofo Gaston Bachelard, o sinólogo Augustin Berque e os pensadores indígenas Davi Kopenawa e Ailton Krenak. Essa reflexão sobre os espaços atuais acaba revelando as cargas racista e colonial que ainda imperam em suas organizações e ocupações, como apontam Silvio Almeida e Enrique Dussel. No entanto, embora seja indício dessa violência, observamos que a lama possui, devido ao poder de expressão artística de sua elasticidade formal e simbólica, potência política não apenas para denunciar mazelas socioambientais como também para propor resistências e possibilidades, que passam também pela consciência por meio da sensibilização e pela reconciliação do ser humano com seu meio.

Based on geopoetics, this article seeks to introduce the more specific concept of geopoetics of mud as a relevant form of an aesthetic analytical approach to the perception of environmental and social stress in the contemporary world. To this end, we sought, in various Brazilian artistic expressions, such as poetry, music, cinema, and visual arts, examples in which the materiality and symbolism of mud are used to reveal poverty and misery that reflect, in a certain way, the mismatch between human beings and the environment. This disconnection is reflected in the meditations of academicians from different areas, such as the doctor and geographer Josué de Castro, the poet and professor Michel Collot, the philosopher Gaston Bachelard, the sinologist Augustin Berque as well as the indigenous thinkers Davi Kopenawa and Ailton Krenak. This reflection on current spaces ends up revealing the racist and colonial burden that still prevails in their organizations and occupations, as Silvio Almeida and Enrique Dussel point out. However, although it is an indication of this violence, we observe that mud has, through the power of artistic expression on its material and symbolic elasticity, political power not only to denounce socio-environmental problems but also to propose resistance and possibilities, which also involve awareness through sensibility and reconciliation of human beings with their environment.

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death in women. The anthracycline, doxorubicin, is a well-known and highly effective treatment for breast cancer patients; however, many patients present with resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, which ultimately results in treatment failure and contributes to high mortality rates. It is well established that the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) mediates the response to chemotherapy, where upregulated MKP-1 is associated with chemoresistance. We investigated whether MKP-1 inhibition or silencing can sensitise triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to doxorubicin therapy. We found that MKP-1 inhibition and silencing sensitises breast cancer cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Additionally, the inhibition of MKP-1 in combination with doxorubicin treatment promotes autophagy induction, while doxorubicin and not MKP-1 modulation increased lysosomal acidic compartments. As such, this study demonstrated that MKP-1 inhibition has a potential therapeutic benefit for breast cancer patients by increasing the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy. Therefore, MKP-1 inhibition should be developed as a clinically relevant adjuvant therapy, which could provide a novel avenue for therapeutic intervention in combination with chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. SIGNIFICANCE: • MKP-1 inhibition with sanguinarine and silencing sensitises breast cancer cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. • The inhibition of MKP-1 with sanguinarine in combination with doxorubicin treatment promotes autophagy induction. • MKP-1 inhibition can have a potential therapeutic benefit for breast cancer patients by increasing the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy.

In the South African public healthcare sector, 28% of diabetic patients present to primary healthcare clinics with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), often presenting in advanced stages of ulcer severity. In this study, we aimed to categorise factors predisposing individuals to developing a DFU and to identify the potential shortcomings in existing treatment plans in the South African healthcare system. In addition, the use of preventative measures in the management of DFUs was examined as well as the influence of past treatment practices. A total minimum sample size of 50 DFUs was required for this study. Participants who were selected for this study had their past records reviewed in order to determine the likelihood of previous DFU infections, as well as to determine the occurrence of co-morbidities. The treatment protocol implemented was recorded. Twelve-month patient records were used to identify the infection frequency and past treatment protocols. A total of 48.9% of patients reported that they did not make use of any preventative measures. The most frequent concurrent medical conditions were hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and peripheral neuropathy. Polypharmacy was prevalent, with 55% of the population prescribed five or more medications. Potential medication interactions were examined and a total of 210 interactions were documented. An analysis of past and current treatment practices revealed that 52.1% of the treatment protocols did not comply with local treatment guidelines. This study highlights the urgent need for updated DFU treatment protocols in relation to the overall management of DFUs, taking into account existing international guidelines. SIGNIFICANCE: We determined that the South African treatment guidelines and DFU classification system do not align to international standards. Furthermore, the use of preventative measures among DFU patients was poor and polypharmacy was present in the patient cohort. We emphasise the need for all members of a healthcare team, including podiatrists, clinicians, microbiologists and pharmacists, to work together in order to identify at-risk patients, prevent possible DFUs and effectively treat existing DFUs in a manner that does not contribute to antimicrobial resistance and provides the best possible outcome for the patient.

Fresh, ready-to-eat produce is frequently irrigated with untreated water, making it a leading cause of food-borne illness outbreaks worldwide. This study investigated the presence of Listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce that was grown using river water. Standard biochemical tests were used for the identification of L. monocytogenes isolated from river water used for irrigation, and from fresh produce including lettuce, spinach, and pumpkin. The inlA gene of L. monocytogenes was molecularly identified using PCR amplification. The susceptibility of L. monocytogenes isolates to antimicrobial agents was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The presence of the amplified inlA gene (800 bp) indicated that all of the fresh produce and river water samples were contaminated with virulent L. monocytogenes. Lettuce and spinach exhibited higher quantities of L. monocytogenes, with lettuce recording 87 CFU/g and spinach recording 71 CFU/g. The L. monocytogenes isolates from spinach and lettuce sources showed significant resistance to colistin (56.2% and 53.3%, respectively) as well as ampicillin (68.8% and 53.3%, respectively). Moreover, lettuce (40%) and spinach (31%) exhibited a common resistance pattern of AMP-CHL-CT-KAN-PIP-ERY-TET, with a maximum MAR index value of 0.54. Our research demonstrates the transmission of multidrug-resistant L. monocytogenes from irrigation river water to fresh produce. Hence, the ingestion of ready-to-eat fresh produce carries the potential for human listeriosis, particularly among individuals with compromised immune systems.