Abstract The intensification of violence and the violation of human rights in migratory crises is currently a central theme in the experimentation of graphic narratives, which have given rise to the hybrid and critical genre represented by the graphic chronicle and the graphic novel of migration. The verbo-visual treatment is analyzed in the series of twelve graphic chronicles of migration “My life as an immigrant in Chile” (2018) of Sábado Magazine, in the newspaper El Mercurio, an agent of public discourse that has consolidated stereotypes and prejudices about the migrant population. Through qualitative content analysis of the image-text articulation, the verb-visual strategies of the graphic chronicle of journalistic and literary tone are examined. The elements that confer authenticity, reliability and veracity to the chronicle were established according to the use of testimony, portraits of the protagonists and contextual data. Likewise, literary elements were determined such as the staging of vulnerability, enhancement of the cultural fabric, multiple narrative voices and the recreation of resilient resistance, which together allude to the human rights perspective. The graphic chronicle intensifies the use of the testimonial voice and omits the author (witness), but the latter appears in the verb-visual articulation in biases and introduction of the ambiguity of migration experiences, and in the relationship with the “distant near”. The graphic chronicle of migration can be significantly modulated by the mediatized public discourse, weakening its critical reading of reality.

Resumen La intensificación de la violencia y la violación a los derechos humanos en las crisis migratorias es en la actualidad una temática central en la experimentación de las narrativas gráficas, las que han originado el género híbrido y crítico representado por la crónica gráfica y la novela gráfica de migración. Se analiza el tratamiento verbo-visual en la serie de doce crónicas gráficas de migración “Mi vida como inmigrante en Chile” (2018) de la Revista Sábado, inserta en el periódico El Mercurio, agente del discurso público que ha consolidado estereotipos y prejuicios sobre la población migrante. A través de análisis de contenido cualitativo de la articulación imagen-texto se examinan las estrategias verbo-visuales de la crónica gráfica de tono periodístico y literario. Los elementos que confieren autenticidad, fiabilidad y veracidad a la crónica se establecieron de acuerdo con el del testimonio, retratos de los protagonistas y datos de contexto. Asimismo, se determinaron los elementos literarios como la puesta en escena de la vulnerabilidad, realce de la trama cultural, de las voces narrativas múltiples y la recreación de la resistencia resiliente, que en conjunto aluden a la perspectiva de derechos humanos. La crónica gráfica intensifica el uso de la voz testimonial y omite la del autor (testigo), pero este último aparece en la articulación verbo-visual en sesgos e introducción de la ambigüedad de las experiencias de la migración, y en la relación con el “lejano próximo”. La crónica gráfica de migración puede ser modulada significativamente por el discurso público mediatizado debilitando su lectura crítica de la realidad.

Resumen (Introducción) Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco es una especie forestal de gran importancia por sus servicios ecosistémicos y su comercialización. Actualmente, se ha documentado que el cambio climático está afectando las poblaciones del norte del continente; sin embargo, no se ha evaluado cómo afectaría esto a la distribución de la especie en el futuro. (Objetivo) El objetivo de este trabajo fue modelar la idoneidad ambiental y la distribución potencial de P. menziesii en 3 periodos (2040, 2060 y 2080). (Metodología) Se estimó la idoneidad y distribución potencial, con base en registros y variables bioclimáticas, con ayuda de MaxEnt; se realizaron transferencias a 2 escenarios de emisiones de carbono en 3 periodos; por último, se evaluó la pérdida de extensión y disminución de idoneidad ambiental en porcentaje. (Resultados) P. menziesii tiene una distribución potencial actual de 164 110 km2, las zonas con mayor idoneidad ambiental (> 0.5) se ubicaron en el norte del país, específicamente en los estados del norte. No obstante, bajo los escenarios de cambio climático, estas áreas sufrieron mayor disminución de la idoneidad ambiental (> 50 %) y se redujo su extensión entre 50.7 % y 92.6 %; en contraste, las poblaciones más resilientes contra el cambio climático fueron las del sur. (Conclusiones) Pseudotsuga menziesii se ve favorecida por las bajas temperaturas, debido a esto, se espera un decrecimiento drástico en su distribución potencial. Aunada a ello, la idoneidad ambiental bajará a más del 50 % en las regiones norte de la nación. Con una pérdida drástica de superficie, la prevalencia de la especie pudiera encontrarse en un punto de declive.

Abstract (Introduction) Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco is a forest species of great importance for its ecosystem services and commercialization. Currently, it has been documented that climate change is affecting populations in the north of the continent; Nevertheless, how these changes will affect the distribution of the species in the future has not been assessed. (Objective) The objective of this work was to model the environmental suitability and potential distribution of P. menziesii in 3 time periods (2040, 2060 and 2080). (Methodology) Environmental suitability and potential distribution were estimated based on records and bioclimatic variables with the help of MaxEnt; transfers were made to 2 scenarios of carbon emissions in 3 time periods; finally, the loss of extension and decrease of environmental suitability were evaluated as a percentage. (Results) P. menziesii has a current potential distribution of 164 110 km2, the areas with the highest environmental suitability (> 0.5) were located in the north of the country, specifically in the states of north. However, under the climate change scenarios, these zones suffered a greater decrease in their environmental suitability of > 50 %, and their extension was reduced between 50.7 % and 92.6 %, in contrast, the most resilient populations to climate change were those in the south. (Conclusions) Pseudotsuga menziesii is favored by low temperatures, due to this, a drastic reduction in its potential distribution is expected, coupled with this, environmental suitability will drop to more than 50 % in the northern regions of the country. With a drastic loss of area, the prevalence of the species could be at a point of decline.

Abstract: The international and national norms establish the need to count on historical information prior to an intervention in heritage properties and the Organic Law of Culture of Ecuador establishes the obligation to notify any discovery of archaeological interest. However, there is a lack of awareness regarding to the importance of these resources that in the moment they complement each other enable a more exact interpretation of the data required to promote an optimal conservation proposal and thus perpetuate the intrinsic values of a heritage building. The historical and archaeological investigation carried out in the Rodríguez house revealed that the property contains certain values of relevance for the sustainability of its environment and that the omission of these would deprive the restoration project of evaluation criteria and the community of important resources for the development of a resilient city.

Resumen: La norma internacional y nacional establece la necesidad de contar con información histórica previa a la intervención en inmuebles patrimoniales y la Ley Orgánica de Cultura del Ecuador señala la obligatoriedad de notificar sobre todo hallazgo de interés arqueológico; no obstante, existe carencia de conciencia respecto a la importancia de dichos recursos, los cuales, al ser cotejados, posibilitan una interpretación más exacta de los datos requeridos para impulsar una propuesta de conservación óptima, y así perpetuar los valores intrínsecos de un bien inmueble. En este sentido, la investigación histórica y arqueológica llevada a cabo en la casa Rodríguez desveló que el bien contiene ciertos valores a conservar relevantes para la sostenibilidad de su entorno y que la omisión de estos privaría al proyecto de restauración de criterios de valoración y a la comunidad de importantes recursos para el desarrollo de una ciudad resiliente.

There is a global concern that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations may impact the medicinal or nutritional properties of medicinal plants. Portulacaria afra is a South African medicinal plant that is used by traditional healers to treat various skin conditions. The aim of this study was to determine whether elevated CO2 concentrations would affect the medicinal properties of the leaves of P afra. This was achieved by comparing the phytochemical presence, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the leaves of P. afra which were exposed to ambient (420 ppm) and elevated (600 ppm) CO2 concentrations of plants grown in greenhouse conditions. The results revealed that leaf samples that were exposed to elevated CO2 concentrations exhibited a significant increase in flavonoid presence, compared to the control group. The antioxidant activity of the leaves of P. afra (DPPH activity) remained mostly unchanged in the samples that were exposed to elevated CO2 concentrations. The antimicrobial activity efficacy against Cutibacterium acnes increased with increasing global atmospheric CO2 concentration. These findings suggest that P. afra is a resilient medicinal plant and that its leaves may continue to provide relief against certain ailments, despite rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations. SIGNIFICANCE: • Portulacaria afra is a South African medicinally important species that shows great resilience against elevated CO2 concentrations. • It is important to anticipate how changing environmental factors, such as rising CO2 concentrations, may affect natural resources. • The phytochemical profile and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the various plant parts either remained the same or increased after exposure to an elevated CO2 concentration of 600 ppm.

Abstract Laterite gravels have been successfully adopted as pavement materials in the field. Despite that, they are often rejected in material selection processes because of its base on traditional gradation and consistency limits requirements. To allow a deeper evaluation of such material found abundantly in tropical countries, along to characterizing traditional parameters, repeated load triaxial tests were performed in a Laterite Gravel from Acre/Brazil to evaluate its elastic and plastic behavior through Resilient Modulus (RM) and Permanent Deformation (PD), respectively. In addition, a simulation was conducted in the MeDiNa software, based on the test results considering stress states that are usually applied in pavement layers. The material showed RM values higher than 500 MPa, which was considered high compared to materials such as Quartz and Granite. It was also observed low permanent deformation (below 1 mm for higher tensions applied) and accommodation of displacement (shakedown) for most specimens. The simulation results showed low rutting prediction for the Laterite Gravel applied in highway pavement layers. Thus, the results indicated that the lateritic gravel can be adopted in the composition of base or subbase layers of flexible pavements, even though some limits of the parameters specified by traditional specifications were violated, as expected. In addition, we also highlight the need for adoption of new material selection strategies that are based on key mechanical characteristics to avoid discarding potentially well performing materials.

Resumen El artículo presenta una investigación comparativa sobre las instituciones políticas de las 18 mayores democracias en población y Portugal. Posteriormente, evalúa el papel de estas configuraciones institucionales en la estabilidad gubernamental. Se proponen dos perspectivas sobre los sistemas de gobierno: (a) la tradicional, presidencialismo, parlamentarismo o semipresidencialismo; y (b) una perspectiva transversal, centrada en la programación constitucional contra las crisis políticas, clasificadas como rígidas, resilientes o flexibles. La investigación se basa en modelos de regresión logística y datos de panel. Se propone que los programas constitucionales flexibles (en parlamentarismos y semipresidencialismos) presentan menor estabilidad gubernamental. Los resultados se someten a un análisis comparativo que valida la interpretación y destaca las características institucionales cuya intencionalidad es la producción de estabilidad gubernamental.

Resumo O artigo realiza uma investigação comparada sobre as instituições políticas das 18 maiores democracias em população e Portugal. Em seguida, avalia o papel dessas configurações institucionais na estabilidade governamental. São propostas duas visões sobre os sistemas de governo: (a) a tradicional, presidencialismo, parlamentarismo ou semipresidencialismo; e (b) uma transversal, focada na programação constitucional contra crises políticas, classificada como rígida, resiliente ou flexível. A pesquisa recorre a modelos de regressão logística e a dados em painel. É proposta a inferência de que programações constitucionais flexíveis (no parlamentarismo e no semipresidencialismo) apresentam menor estabilidade governamental. Os resultados são submetidos a uma análise comparativa que valida a interpretação e destaca as características institucionais cuja intencionalidade é a produção de estabilidade governamental.

Abstract The paper presents a comparative investigation on the political institutions of the 18 largest democracies in population and Portugal. Subsequently it assesses the role of these institutional configurations in governmental stability. Two views on government systems are being proposed: (a) the traditional, presidentialism, parliamentarism, or semi-presidentialism; and (b) a cross-cutting one, focused on constitutional programming against political crises, classified as rigid, resilient, or flexible. The research relies on logistic regression models and panel data. It is proposed that flexible constitutional programs (in parliamentarisms and semi-presidentialism) present lower governmental stability. The results are subjected to a comparative analysis that validates the interpretation and highlights the institutional characteristics whose intentionality is the production of governmental stability.

Modern capitalism has shaped the world, but for many scholars, its principles have disproportionately favoured the prosperity of a minority while neglecting the prospects of the majority, particularly in Southern Africa. The recent COVID-19 pandemic combined with significant inequalities of wealth has put the social policies of countries in Southern Africa to the test. It exposed the inadequacies of the current capitalist order in many countries in the global south, hindering their ability to protect their populations from the pandemic's impact. In contrast, the global north, with stronger social policies and economic flexibility, managed to cushion the severity of pandemic's economic impact on their populations in many ways, even though they suffered the most deaths. In this article, I establish how COVID-19 and neoliberal capitalism made it difficult to achieve the social developmental objectives in Southern Africa. While scholars have documented the medical and economic harms caused by the pandemic, I highlight ways that it, along with considerable inequalities of wealth, impaired social development more broadly. I conclude by establishing how the COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the shortcomings of neoliberal capitalism in Southern Africa's social policies, emphasising the need for re-evaluating and re-alignment of these policies-to foster more equitable and resilient societies.

Urban areas are increasingly being affected by more frequent and severe disasters. It has been argued in theory and international development policy that the integration of disaster risk reduction (DRR) within existing urban planning (UP) curricula would greatly benefit efforts to build resilient urban environments. However, the current status quo and progress of this crucial transdisciplinary integration in the South African University context remain unclear. Through the application of an exploratory mixed method research design, this article established that UP lecturers at South African universities have a good grasp of the theoretical need for the integration of DRR into existing curriculums and have also tentatively started to integrate DRR into some of their modules. However, because of challenges such as full curricula, financial and human resources constraints and integration predominantly happening on postgraduate level, integration has not occurred in sufficient depth while also missing the opportunity to expose the majority of the student cohort and future urban planners to much-needed DRR knowledge. TRANSDISCIPLINARY CONTRIBUTION: This article illuminates the current status of integration across and collaboration between DRR and UP at selected South African Universities.

The debate about the interdependence or the dichotomy between the church and the state or politics is not new. The discourse is neither over nor something that will pass any soon. Both perspectives provide concrete reasons depending on the viewpoint from which an individual is writing and arguing. Both the ecclesia and the state or politics enjoy social capital. Of the two, however, the Church's social capital is resilient and consistent, unlike the political capital which is seasonal and only rigorous in the pursuit for political position. In recent years, there is an immense emergence of Christianity that blend charismatic practices and African religiosity. An increased pursuit of political leadership is being witnessed by the church leadership and the secular community. One of the motivations has been the derivatives from the positions, which are mainly monetary and honourability. This can be linked to a struggle to meet a status threshold set and determined by a postmodern society which the clergy and the political leader must uphold. Anyone who lives below that 'standard' does not fit that position. It is for this reason that both the church and state or politics has been commercialised. The commercialisation aspect resulted in the two competitive entrepreneurial enterprises. Thus justice has been retailed to commercialisation and consumerism. This article therefore firmly holds the possibility that church and state or politics have common elements that, if reworked, can become tools in the mission of God. The assumption is that both institutions are reviewed as organs and not organisations because, as organisms, they are both fit for transformation into suitable instruments for the mission of God. Institutional reforms are dictated by the reformed human resource. This article leans towards the interrelationship between the Pentecostal tradition and the state or politics in viewing their role in doing justice to the mission of God. Thus a comparative framework fits this work. CONTRIBUTION: The interdependence of the church and political enterprise is exposed to a constructive critique and further writing. It has advanced affirmed the comparative methodology as a ongoing study alternative.

BACKGROUND: In South Africa, the sharp rise in people with severe illness because of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in early 2020, meant that health systems needed to adapt services and operations, including rehabilitation services. Important insights into the lived experiences of rehabilitation personnel enacting these adaptations in an African context are limited OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of rehabilitation practitioners working in the public sector in South Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic METHOD: A phenomenological approach and a duo-ethnographic design were used. A recruitment letter was circulated requesting volunteers. Maximum variation sampling was used to select the 12 participants of this study. Data were collected through interviews via Zoom, and critical conversations were facilitated by a non-rehabilitation partner who is known for challenging health inequities. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed through elements of qualitative content and thematic analysis. Data were coded, categorised, clustered into concepts and formulated into themes RESULTS: Three themes were identified: (1) 'Management became the enemy', (2) 'Tired of being resilient' and (3) 'Think out of the box…think on our feet' CONCLUSION: The results of this study highlighted new ways of practice, innovative adaptations, and usage of resources and platforms CONTRIBUTION: This study highlights the re-imagining of accessible rehabilitation services that could lead to deeper onto-epistemological shifts amongst the rehabilitation practitioners

BACKGROUND: In 2021, South Africa introduced a new 6-month internship in family medicine and primary care. This study aimed to assess the new rotation at district health facilities in the Western Cape METHODS: A descriptive survey of interns and supervisors, as phase-two of an exploratory sequential mixed methods study. Questionnaires were developed from a descriptive exploratory qualitative study. Data were analysed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 72 interns (response rate 21%) and 36 supervisors (response rate 90%), across 10 training programmes. Interns felt more independent (97.2%), confident (90.3%) and resilient (91.6%). They learnt to manage undifferentiated and chronic conditions (91.6%), to refer patients (94.3%) and conduct procedures (77.8%). Most interns were not exposed to community-based services (68.0%) and continuity of care (54.1%). Supervision was mostly adequate during the day (79.1%) and afterhours (80.6%). Many interns reported no structured teaching programme (41.7% - 55.6%). Most supervision was from medical officers and registrars. Supervisors saw interns as valuable members of the clinical team (100.0%), who required extra support and administration (42.5%). The majority of interns (75.0%) and supervisors (72.7%) thought the rotation was the right length and the best preparation for community service (67.6% CONCLUSION: The rotation met most expectations of the Health Professions Council of South Africa. Programmes need to improve exposure to community-orientated primary care, public health medicine, palliative and ongoing care. Supervision and orientation of interns needs improvement CONTRIBUTION: This is the first evaluation of the new family medicine internship programme in South Africa

Abstract Although the Internet and e-commerce have contributed positively to the tourism sector, there is not much empirical research on the transformation of distribution channels or that considers the use of the Internet in travel planning as an antecedent of tourist satisfaction and loyalty. This paper aims to test the influence of online distribution channels in trip planning by tourists on their general satisfaction level and their loyalty towards the destination and to differentiate the profile of digital and traditional tourists. Quantitative research techniques are used to analyse the dataset of 1,387 surveys of tourists visiting the province of Burgos, Spain. Among those surveyed, 65% search for information online and 54% book or pay for services online. According to ordinal regression analysis, the use of online channels does not significantly influence the level of satisfaction, but according to binary logistic regression, it does significantly influence loyalty. The findings provide valuable information for developing marketing strategies in tourism organisations and support decision-makers in creating competitive tourism destinations that are resilient to the demographic challenge of depopulation.

Resumen A pesar de que Internet y el comercio electrónico han contribuido positivamente al sector turístico, no existen muchas investigaciones empíricas sobre la transformación de los canales de distribución ni que consideren el uso de Internet en la planificación del viaje como un antecedente de la satisfacción y lealtad del turista. Este trabajo pretende comprobar la influencia de los canales de distribución online en la planificación del viaje de los turistas sobre su nivel de satisfacción global y su lealtad al destino y diferenciar el perfil de los turistas digitales y tradicionales. Se utilizan técnicas de investigación cuantitativa para analizar el conjunto de datos formado por 1.387 encuestas de turistas que visitan la provincia de Burgos, España. Entre los encuestados, el 65% busca información online y el 54% reserva o paga servicios online. Según el análisis de regresión ordinal, el uso de los canales en línea no influye significativamente en el nivel de satisfacción, pero según la regresión logística binaria, influye significativamente en la lealtad. Los resultados proporcionan información valiosa para el desarrollo de estrategias de marketing en las organizaciones turísticas y apoyan a los responsables de la toma de decisiones en la creación de destinos turísticos competitivos resilientes ante el reto demográfico de la despoblación.

Résumé En acceptant la « crise permanente » des humanités, des réflexions sont faites sur les fractures sociales et politiques dans les sociétés occidentales d’après-guerre. La crise de la démocratie et les réseaux sociaux en ligne sont associés à une atteinte au bien commun, au « chaos » conditionné par le manque de contrôle sur les flux d’informations et par les mécanismes de persuasion dans une société ouverte. Dans ce contexte, on sugère l’utilité potentielle des humanités et de l’éducation libérale pour améliorer la démocratie. En outre, on suggère aussi que les humanités médicales ont un rôle à jouer dans la construction d’un professionnel de santé éthiquement vigilant, résilient et interventionniste. Enfin, des références critiques à l’idéologie méritocratique de la société néolibérale sont exposées, avec des impacts négatifs sur les processus de quantification et d’évaluation anonyme dans le milieu universitaire, ainsi que sur l’état de santé de ses professionnels.

Resumo Aceite a “crise permanente” das humanidades, são feitas considerações sobre as fraturas sociais e políticas nas sociedades ocidentais do pós-guerra. A crise da democracia e as redes sociais online são associadas a um prejuízo do bem comum, a um “caos” condicionado pela ausência de controlo sobre os fluxos informativos e pelos mecanismos de persuasão numa sociedade aberta. Neste contexto, é sugerida a utilidade potencial das humanidades e da educação liberal no aperfeiçoamento da democracia. É ainda sugerido que as humanidades médicas têm um papel na construção de um profissional de saúde eticamente vigilante, resiliente e interventivo. Finalmente, são expostas referências críticas à ideologia meritocrática da sociedade neoliberal, com reflexos negativos nos processos de quantificação e avaliação anónima na academia, bem como no estado de saúde dos seus profissionais.

Abstract Recognizing the state of “permanent crisis” in the Humanities, considerations are made about the social and political fractures in post-war Western societies. The crisis of democracy, together with online social media, are associated with both an impairment to the common good and a “chaos” conditioned by the absence of control over information flows and the mechanisms of persuasion in an open society. Given this context, humanities and liberal education programs seem potentially useful for improving democracy. In addition, the role of medical humanities is highlighted in the construction of an ethically vigilant, reflective, resilient and intervening health professional. Finally, the present article presents critical references to the ideology of meritocracy of neoliberal societies, with negative effects in the processes of quantification and anonymous evaluation in Academics, as well as in the health of the professionals being discussed.

Resumen: El barrio San Cayetano, ubicado en la ciudad de Loja, cuenta con una topografía irregular y movimiento de masas humanas?. Se lo considera una zona de riesgos y vulnerabilidad para quienes lo habitan; carece de accesibilidad a equipamientos, áreas verdes y conectividad. Es un barrio con crecimiento dinámico espontáneo creando franjas marginales de transición periurbana. El presente estudio desarrolló una metodología que genere una cartografía base, para diagnosticar y formular micro estrategias sostenibles y resilientes en tres ejes: conectividad, presencia de áreas verdes y equipamientos que ayuden a mitigar y crear un desarrollo armónico por medio de la participación comunitaria de característica teórica, desarrollando políticas para vincular a diferentes polaridades que generen el desarrollo del barrio. Con esto se busca establecer el proceso teórico para en una posterior fase, en la que se pueda ejecutar el proceso de diseño participativo con el barrio para asentar las propuestas consolidadas desde la escala urbana.

Abstract: The San Cayetano neighborhood in Loja has an irregular topography and mass movement. It is considered an area of risk and vulnerability for those who live there; it lacks accessibility to facilities, green areas, and connectivity; it is a neighborhood with spontaneous dynamic growth, creating "marginal strips of peri-urban transition, to present these shortcomings. This study developed a methodology to generate a base map, diagnose, and formulate sustainable and resilient micro strategies in three axes: connectivity, green areas, and equipment that help to mitigate and thereby create a harmonious development through community participation of theoretical characteristics, developing policies to link different polarities that generate the development of the neighborhood. With this, we seek to establish the theoretical process for a later phase, in which the participatory design process can be executed with the neighborhood to settle the consolidated proposals from the urban scale.

ABSTRACT The sustainability of the Carlos Antonio López Park was analyzed considering the concept of sustainable indicators and as an integrating element of cities that aim to be more inclusive and resilient by applying the principles of Sustainable Development that shows the urban dynamics and its impact on the environment. The methodology was observational and descriptive, the sample consisted of 88 (eighty-eight) surveys applied to a structured questionnaire. On the other hand, indicators whose variables showed the ecological, environmental, and social role of this public space were described. The results showed that the park requires an intervention that meets the principles of sustainability to become a sustainable park. This intervention should focus on economic functionality and/or resource management, opt for solutions using new technologies and implement corrective measures that negatively impact park resources.

RESUMEN Se analizó la sustentabilidad del Parque Carlos Antonio López teniendo en cuenta el concepto de indicadores sostenibles y de elemento integrador de ciudades que se dirigen a ser más inclusivas y resilientes aplicando los principios del Desarrollo Sostenible, que muestra la dinámica urbana y su incidencia al medio ambiente. La metodología fue observacional y descriptiva, la muestra consistió en 88 (ochenta y ocho) encuestas aplicadas a un cuestionario estructurado. Por otro lado, se describieron indicadores cuyas variables mostraron el rol ecológico, ambiental y social de este espacio público. Los resultados mostraron que el parque requiere una intervención que adecue a los principios de sustentabilidad para convertirse en un parque sostenible. Esta intervención debe enfocarse en la funcionalidad económica y/o manejo de los recursos, optar por soluciones utilizando tecnologías nuevas e implementar medidas correctivas que impactan negativamente en los recursos del parque