Abstract Introduction: Evidence suggests that herbivores, such as peccaries, shape vegetation structure and diversity through predation, trampling, dispersal, and rooting behavior. Objective: To evaluate the impact of peccaries (Dycotiles tajacu) on the understory vegetation of the tropical rainforest in the Nogal-La Selva Local Biological Corridor, Costa Rica, comparing a site with the absence of peccaries to another with the presence of these animals. Methodology: From June to November 2021, 20 experimental exclusions and 20 free access plots, each measuring 2 m2 were used to quantify herbivory, the number of leaf blades, damaged leaves, healthy leaves, sapling height, and fallen biomass at both sites. Results: A higher sapling density was found in the Nogal Reserve, but a lower sapling diversity, while in La Selva there was a higher sapling diversity, but a lower density of seedlings. Herbivory and sapling height in La Selva exceeded those in Nogal. The exclusion of peccaries reduced seedling damage but did not affect the dynamics of fallen biomass. Conclusion: For the design, implementation, and evaluation of the effectiveness of biological corridors, it is crucial to consider plant-animal interactions to enhance the flow of ecological processes through functional and structural connectivity, analyzed from interactions such as those presented in this paper.

Resumen Introducción: Existe evidencia que herbívoros, como los saínos, dan forma a la estructura y diversidad de la vegetación a través del comportamiento de depredación, pisoteo, dispersión y enraizamiento. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de los saínos (Dycotiles tajacu) en la vegetación del sotobosque del bosque tropical húmedo en el Corredor Biológico Local Nogal-La Selva, Costa Rica, en un sitio con ausencia y en otro con presencia de saínos. Métodos: De junio a noviembre de 2021 se utilizaron 20 exclusiones experimentales y 20 parcelas de acceso libre de 2 m2, se cuantifico la herbivoría, número de láminas foliares, hojas dañadas, hojas sanas, altura de brinzales y biomasa caída en ambos sitios. Resultados: Se encontró una mayor densidad de brinzales en Reserva Nogal pero una menor diversidad, contrario en La Selva donde se encontró una mayor diversidad de brinzales, pero una menor densidad de plántulas. La herbivoría y la altura de brinzales en La Selva fue mayor que en Nogal. La exclusión de los saínos disminuyó el daño a las plántulas, pero no afectó la dinámica de la biomasa caída. Conclusión: Es necesario contemplar para el diseño, implementación y evaluación de la efectividad de corredores biológicos, las interacciones planta-animal, para potencializar el flujo de procesos ecológicos mediante la conectividad funcional y estructural, analizada a partir de interacciones como las presentadas en este trabajo.

Resumen Esta es una investigación base en la que se planteó el objetivo de estimar el Índice Aproximado de Sostenibilidad (IAS) en La Paz, San Ramón, Costa Rica. Para recopilar datos se aplicó un censo habitacional entre agosto de 2016 y marzo de 2017. El resultado del IAS fue 0,7856. los resultados reflejaron que en ocho indicadores poseen condición como muy aceptable, tres indicadores resultaron aceptable, dos indicadores en condición regular y uno de los indicadores se encuentra en condición totalmente inaceptable. El parámetro social obtuvo el índice parcial más bajo con 0,583, los parámetros ambiental y económico comparten un valor de 0,875, mientras el parámetro institucional alcanzó 0,75. La investigación marca un parámetro de partida para futuros estudios que permitan monitorear la sostenibilidad en la zona.

Abstract This is a base investigation in which the objective of estimating the Approximate Sustainability Index (IAS) in La Paz, San Ramón, Costa Rica was set. To collect data, a housing census was applied between August 2016 and March 2017. The IAS result was 0.7856. The results reflected that eight indicators have a very acceptable condition, three indicators were acceptable, two indicators in a regular condition and one of the indicators is in a totally unacceptable condition. The social parameter obtained the lowest partial index with 0.583, the environmental and economic parameters share a value of 0.875, while the institutional parameter reached 0.75. The research marks a starting parameter for future studies that allow monitoring sustainability in the area.

Abstract The lowland Atlantic Forest, at altitudes of below 500 m, is highly fragmented, and is home to many threatened species of birds. The Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro has a high concentration of threatened birds in the Americas and is an important residual of the dense ombrophilous formations of the Atlantic Forest, which includes the Reserva Biológica União, a high priority area for conservation of Atlantic Forest birds. This study compiled empirical and secondary records of threatened birds in this reserve and discusses potential factors determining their local occurrence. Since 2008, regular observations, including transect surveys and mist-netting, in addiction to secondary data, have provided records of 306 bird species, of which 49 appear on red lists at some level (state, national or global), including 34 listed as endangered, of which 13 are listed globally, eight of them dependent on well-conserved lowland rainforest. Future studies should include new areas of the reserve, with the aim of confirming the presence of additional threatened species. The long-term conservation of this fauna will depend not only on the adequate management of the reserve, but also the reestablishment of its connectivity with adjacent forest fragments and upland areas in the state. 50 m fragmented União occurrence 2008 observations mistnetting, mistnetting mist netting, netting mist-netting data 30 4 state, (state global, global , global) 3 endangered 1 globally wellconserved well conserved rainforest longterm long term 5 200 20 2

Abstract Alchornea sidifolia is a tree species used in the regeneration of degraded forest environments and which grows in both non-flooded and flooded soils. We compared the wood anatomy of trees growing under both conditions in Atlantic Forest remnants in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to understand intraspecific aspects of the adaptation of tropical woody species to these conditions. Trees from permanently flooded soils showed wider, shorter, and less frequent vessel elements; wider fibretracheids, with a greater proportion of the gelatinous type; and a lower frequency of radial parenchyma, but with longer strands of axial parenchyma. These results indicate that A. sidifolia trees growing in permanently flooded sites do not show water deficit and that the species is capable of maximizing water use in this growth condition. This conclusion may be directly related to the greater proportion of gelatinous fibretracheids in flooded trees and is contrary to what was expected for wood anatomy of trees under physiological drought. nonflooded non Janeiro Brazil shorter elements type parenchyma A condition drought

Resumo Alchornea sidifolia é uma espécie arbórea utilizada na regeneração de ambientes florestais degradados e que cresce tanto em solos não alagados quanto alagados. Nós comparamos a anatomia da madeira de árvores crescendo sob ambas as condições em remanescentes de Mata Atlântica no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, para entender aspectos intraespecíficos da adaptação de espécies lenhosas tropicais a essas condições. As árvores que se desenvolvem em solos permanentemente inundados apresentaram elementos de vasos mais largos, curtos e menos frequentes; fibrotraqueídes mais largas, com maior proporção do tipo gelatinoso; e menor frequência de parênquima radial, mas com séries de parênquima axial mais longas. Esses resultados indicam que as árvores de A. sidifolia crescendo em solo permanentemente inundado não apresentam déficit hídrico e que a espécie é capaz de maximizar o uso da água nesta condição de crescimento. Essa conclusão pode estar diretamente relacionada à maior proporção de fibrotraqueídes gelatinosos em árvores de ambientes alagados e contraria o que se esperava para a anatomia do lenho de árvores sob seca fisiológica. Janeiro Brasil largos frequentes largas gelatinoso radial longas A crescimento fisiológica

ABSTRACT We sought to evaluate the floristic and structural variations between three areas with distinct backgrounds in the Sooretama Biological Reserve, remnantd of Lowland Atlantic Forest in Brazil. For vegetation sampling, 30 transects were established in three different areas: post-pasture (PAS), post-fire (FIR), and preserved (PRE) remnants, totaling a sample area of 0.3ha. All individuals in the woody layer with diameter at breast height ≥ 2.5cm were sampled. Variations in floristic composition were evaluated by means of NMDS, based on the presence or absence of species. There are clear variations between the three areas evaluated, in which the PRE area presents greater species richness, floristic diversity, and basal area, with parameters similar to forests of high diversity in northern Espírito Santo and southern Bahia. The performance of inventories and monitoring of the remnants of Lowland Atlantic Forests in neglected regions are fundamental for planning conservation and enrichment measures of these vegetations Reserve Brazil sampling 3 postpasture post pasture PAS, PAS , (PAS) postfire fire FIR, FIR (FIR) (PRE 03ha ha 0 3ha 0.3ha 25cm cm 2 5cm sampled NMDS richness Bahia (PAS (FIR

RESUMO Buscamos avaliar as variações florísticas e estruturais entre três áreas com origens distintas na Reserva Biológica de Sooretama. Para amostragem da vegetação, foram estabelecidos 30 transectos em três áreas distintas: pós-pasto (PAS), pós-fogo (FIR) e remanescentes conservados (PRE), totalizando uma área amostral de 0,3ha. Todos os indivíduos da camada lenhosa com diâmetro à altura do peito ≥ 2,5 cm foram amostrados. As variações na composição florística foram avaliadas por meio do NMDS, com base na presença ou ausência de espécies. Há claras variações entre as três áreas avaliadas, sendo que a área do PRE apresenta maior riqueza de espécies, diversidade florística e área basal, com parâmetros semelhantes às florestas de alta diversidade do norte do Espírito Santo e sul da Bahia. A realização de inventários e monitoramento dos remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Densa de Terras Baixas em regiões negligenciadas são fundamentais para o planejamento de medidas de conservação e enriquecimento dessas vegetações. Sooretama vegetação 3 póspasto pós pasto PAS, PAS , (PAS) pósfogo fogo FIR (FIR PRE, (PRE) 03ha ha 0 3ha 0,3ha 25 2 5 2, amostrados NMDS espécies basal Bahia vegetações (PAS (PRE

Abstract A new species of Cambeva occurring in the rio Piquiri and Ivaí, upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil, is described using the combination of morphological and molecular data. The new species is distinguished from most congeners by the presence of a notch in the posterior portion of the metapterygoid, number of branchiostegal rays, opercular and interopercular odontodes, and ribs. In addition, the results corroborated the existence of a single species with wide intraspecific variation in body coloration. The type-locality is within the area of influence of the Perobas Biological Reserve, a Conservation Unit in the Paraná State, composed of two Atlantic Forest physiognomic forms. Considering that the upper rio Paraná basin is an area of significant anthropic influence, it is crucial to describe and preserve species to understand their ichthyofauna. Ivaí Brazil data metapterygoid rays odontodes ribs addition coloration typelocality type locality Reserve State forms ichthyofauna

Resumo Uma espécie nova de Cambeva com ocorrência em tributários dos rios Piquiri e Ivaí, bacia do alto rio Paraná, Brasil, é descrita utilizando a combinação de dados morfológicos e moleculares. A espécie nova pode ser diferenciada de suas congêneres pela presença de um entalhe na porção posterior do metapterigóide, número de raios branquiostegais, odontódeos operculares e interoperculares, e de costelas. Além disso, os resultados corroboraram a existência de uma única espécie com ampla variação intraespecífica no padrão de coloração corporal. A localidade-tipo está situada na área de influência da Reserva Biológica das Perobas, uma Unidade de Conservação no estado do Paraná, composta por duas fisionomias vegetais da Mata Atlântica. Considerando que a bacia do alto rio Paraná é uma área de influência antrópica, é fundamental descrever e preservar suas espécies para conhecer sua ictiofauna. Ivaí Brasil moleculares metapterigóide branquiostegais interoperculares costelas disso corporal localidadetipo localidade tipo Perobas Atlântica antrópica ictiofauna

Resumen Antecedentes: Se evalúa la influencia de la heterogeneidad ambiental en la comunidad de palmas a escala del paisaje en el límite norte de la distribución de la selva tropical húmeda en América. Preguntas: ¿Cómo la heterogeneidad a nivel de paisaje (edáfica, topográfica, así como la densidad, diversidad y biomasa arbórea) influye en la distribución de las especies de palma en una reserva forestal afectada por la defaunación? Sitio y años de estudio: El estudio se realizó en la Estación de Biológica Tropical Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México, en 2020. Métodos: Se delinearon unidades de paisaje (UP) basadas en suelo y geomorfología, se obtuvieron datos de la riqueza y abundancia de los árboles para caracterizar la heterogeneidad ambiental. Se analizó como influye la heterogeneidad ambiental en la composición, riqueza y abundancia de las especies de palma. Resultados: La abundancia y composición de las especies de palmas difirió entre las UP, en ambos casos fueron influenciadas por la presencia de fragmentos gruesos del suelo, altitud, inclinación de la pendiente y precipitación anual. La riqueza y densidad de árboles afectaron significativamente a la comunidad de palmas, pero sólo cuando se analizaron en combinación con variables edáficas y topográficas. Conclusiones: Los resultados revelan que existe una marcada heterogeneidad edáfica y topográfica que influye en la distribución de las especies de palmas a escala de paisaje, por lo que el enfoque de la heterogeneidad ambiental permite asociar la variación abiótica con los patrones de distribución de las especies y su coexistencia en comunidades tropicales altamente diversas.

Abstract Background: Our study presents the first assessment of the relationships between environmental heterogeneity and the palm community at the landscape scale at the northern boundary of tropical rainforest distribution in America. Question: How does landscape-level heterogeneity (edaphic, topographic as well as the density, diversity, and tree biomass) shapes the palm community in a protected reserve affected by defaunation? Study site and date: The study was carried out in Los Tuxtlas Tropical Biology Station, Veracruz, Mexico (2020). Methods: We delineated landscape units (LUs) based on soil and geomorphology to characterize the biophysical mosaic. We built rank-abundance curves to compare the palm richness and their abundance among LUs. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) were applied to detect shifts in the palm community across LUs. Results: Integrating abiotic and biotic components by delimiting LUs allowed us to evaluate the multifactorial effect of environmental heterogeneity on the palm community. The density and composition of the palms changed significantly among the LUs, influenced by soil coarse fragments, elevation, slope inclination, and annual precipitation. Tree richness and density had a significant effect on the palm community only when analyzed in combination with the soil-topography variables. Conclusions: The results reveal that there is high edaphic and topographic heterogeneity that influences palm species distribution at the landscape scale. The environmental heterogeneity approach allows capturing novel abiotic variation to explain the distribution patterns of palm species and their coexistence in highly diverse tropical communities.

ABSTRACT Lontra longicaudis Olfers, 1818 is a widely distributed species in North, Central and South America. They are categorized as Near Threatened by the IUCN, but they are not under legal protection in Peru, where their documentation has been limited. Here we present occurrence data of this species inside the Manu Learning Centre biological station, in the Manu Biosphere Reserve from the period 2012 - 2022, and a suggestion about how to assess this species in the future, using already existing legal regulations.

RESUMEN Lontra longicaudis Olfers, 1818 es una especie ampliamente distribuida en el continente americano. Está categorizada como casi amenazada por la IUCN, pero no tiene protección legal en Perú. Donde ha sido escasamente reportada. Aquí presentamos datos de la ocurrencia de esta especie en la estación biológica Manu Learning Centre, en la Reserva de Biosfera del Manu del periodo 2012 - 2022, así como sugerencias de cómo evaluar esta especie en el futuro, usando las leyes vigentes.

Resumen Los aldehídos en el ambiente se encuentran entre la mayoría de los compuestos orgánicos que participan en las reacciones fotoquímicas en la atmósfera, formando principalmente radicales en cantidades significativas. Además, presentan efectos nocivos sobre la salud de los habitantes de las ciudades con atmósferas contaminadas, principalmente compuestos como el formaldehído y el acetaldehído. En el presente trabajo se determinó, durante el 2017, la concentración de siete aldehídos en muestras de aire y agua de lluvia en un área de conservación de Costa Rica, llamada Reserva Biológica Los Cusingos, ubicada en el Pacífico Sur, Pérez Zeledón. Para el muestreo y el análisis de los aldehídos se utilizó el método TO-11A (EPA). El muestreo utilizó con cartuchos de adsorción recubiertos con una disolución de 2,4-dinitrofenilhidracina (2,4-DNFH). Las muestras fueron cuantificadas por medio de un cromatógrafo líquido acoplado a un detector UV-Visible. Las mayores concentraciones de aldehídos en las muestras de aire corresponden a formaldehído (62.2 ± 3.1 μg/m3), acetaldehído (88.1 ± 4.9 μg/m3) y acroleína (102.2 ± 5.2 μg/m3) en un periodo de 4 horas. Se determinó que el heptanal fue el aldehído menos contribuyente a la cantidad de aldehídos totales, al encontrarse por debajo del límite de detección (< LC = 0.015 mg/L). Para las muestras de agua de lluvia, el único aldehído cuantificado fue el formaldehído cuya concentración osciló entre (0.00439 ± 0.0062 a 0.08 ± 0.13) mg/L. Los resultados obtenidos en la muestra de aire sugieren un aumento en la concentración de aldehídos correlacionados con la radiación solar y con la temperatura, sugiriendo como principal contribuyente las reacciones fotoquímicas que se llevan a cabo en el aire con hidrocarburos precursores para la generación de contaminantes secundarios.

Abstract Aldehydes in the environment are among most organic compounds that participate in photochemical reactions, mainly forming radicals in significant quantities. These have harmful effects on the health of the inhabitants of cities with polluted atmospheres, mainly formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. In the present work, the concentration of seven aldehydes in air and rainwater samples in a conservation area of Costa Rica (Los Cusingos Biological Reserve, located in the South Pacific, Pérez Zeledón) was determined during 2017. For the sampling and analysis of the aldehydes, the TO-11A (EPA) method was used. Sampling used adsorption cartridges coated with a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNFH) solution. The samples were quantified by means of a liquid chromatograph coupled to a UV-Visible detector. The highest aldehyde concentrations in air samples correspond to formaldehyde (62.2 ± 3.1 μg/m3), acetaldehyde (88.1 ± 4.9 μg/m3) and acrolein (102.2 ± 5.2 μg/m3) during 4 hours of sampling. Heptanal was determined to be the least contributory aldehyde, as it was below the detection limit. The only aldehyde quantified in the rainwater samples was formaldehyde. The results obtained in the air sample suggest an increase in the concentration of aldehydes correlated with solar radiation and temperature, suggesting as the main contributor the photochemical reactions that take place in the air with precursor hydrocarbons.

Resumen Introducción: Actualmente, la biodiversidad está administrada principalmente por áreas protegidas, pero la proximidad con las actividades humanas genera conflictos, los cuales están poco estudiados en los trópicos. Objetivo: Estimar el conflicto entre humanos y vida silvestre en la zona de amortiguamiento de la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes, San Ramón, Costa Rica. Métodos: Entrevistamos a los propietarios o administradores de 59 fincas. Resultados: Registramos 540 incidentes, en su mayoría con mamíferos (N=479); los coyotes (Canis latrans) mataron 1 074 animales en 183 ataques en 12 granjas. También registramos conflictos con jaguar, Panthera onca, puma, Puma concolor, ocelote, Leopardus pardalis y tigrillo, Leopardus wiedii, que depredaron 261 animales domésticos. También se reportaron otros mamíferos y serpientes, especialmente la terciopelo, Bothrops asper. En seis ocasiones, los hechos se produjeron a más de 500m de una vivienda; sin embargo, la mayoría estaban a 0-25m de una casa (media 398m). Los campesinos han sacrificado pumas, coyotes, mapaches y serpientes y no hubo un control coordinado de instituciones, ONG y comunidades. Conclusión: Los coyotes son los animales salvajes más comúnmente involucrados y se necesita un esfuerzo coordinado que incluya tanto a las organizaciones como a las comunidades.

Abstract Introduction: Currently, biodiversity is mainly managed by protected areas, but proximity with human activities results in conflicts, which are poorly studied in the tropics. Objective: To estimate human-wildlife conflict in the buffer zone of the Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve, San Ramón, Costa Rica. Methods: We interviewed the owners or managers of 59 farms. Results: We recorded 540 incidents, mostly with mammals (N=479); coyotes (Canis latrans) killed 1 074 animals in 183 attacks at 12 farms. We also recorded conflicts with jaguar, Panthera onca, puma, Puma concolor, ocelot, Leopardus pardalis, and margay, Leopardus wiedii, which preyed on 261 domestic animals. Other mammals and snakes were also reported, especially the Fer-de-lance, Bothrops asper. In six occasions, the incidents took place over 500m from a house; however, most were 0-25m from a house (mean 398m). The farmers have sacrificed pumas, coyotes, raccoons and snakes and there was not a coordinated control effort from institutions, NGOs and communities. Conclusion: Coyotes are the most common wild animals involved and there is need for a coordinated effort that includes both organizations and communities.

ABSTRACT Although the species richness of Stratiomyidae (Diptera) in Brazil (~340 species) is one of the highest for the family worldwide, we still do not know the actual number of species, the extent of their distribution, or the species seasonal dynamics for a single area in the Neotropics. The soldier fly fauna in the semideciduous seasonal forests, which cover a major area of the countryside of the state of São Paulo, is poorly known compared to the best-known areas in the Atlantic Forest for stratiomyids, such as the ombrophilous forests on the southeast coast. With the constant habitat fragmentation of the remnants of the semideciduous forests in the state for crops and pastures for cattle, we are losing valuable data about biodiversity. This study details the stratiomyids for a single area in the Neotropical Region, using a standardized collecting methodology with Malaise traps, from May 2010 to December 2011. Here, we provide a list of 41 stratiomyid species and 25 genera in eight subfamilies from a total of 1,533 specimens collected in the Reserva Biológica e Ecológica Augusto Ruschi, Sertãozinho, Brazil. The current number of species/morphospecies reported for the state of São Paulo is raised to 113, with Merosargus golbachi James, 1971 in James and McFadden, 1971 and M. tripartitus James, 1971 in James and McFadden, 1971 reported for the first time to Brazil. Our analyses estimate even higher richness in the studied area, probably between 48 to 114 species, indicating that further collection efforts are needed. Diptera (Diptera ~340 340 (~34 worldwide distribution Neotropics bestknown best coast cattle biodiversity Region traps 201 2011 Here 4 2 1533 1 533 1,53 Ruschi Sertãozinho speciesmorphospecies morphospecies 113 197 McFadden M 11 needed ~34 34 (~3 20 153 53 1,5 19 ~3 3 (~ 15 5 1, ~ (

Abstract The Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest is considered one of the world biodiversity hotspots, with high levels of endemism. Studies on the myxobiota of Atlantic Rainforest have been carried out mainly in the Northeast region of Brazil but the ground litter microhabitat has only been included in a few of these studies. This study aimed to record the composition and diversity of the myxobiota of the ground litter of Pedra Talhada Biological Reserve and to expanding the knowledge about the microbiota of Atlantic Rainforest. Samples of ground litter were collected at the end of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season and 1,080 moist chambers were mounted. The identification of the specimens obtained were based on a morphological examination. Were obtained 86 specimens, identified, and registered in the UFP herbarium. Plasmodia and/ or sporocarps were recorded in 23.7% of the moist chambers. The inventory resulted in 13 new records for Alagoas raising the number of known species in the state to 61. Perichaena longipes and Stemonitopsis gracilis are registered for the first time in Northeast Brazil and in the Atlantic Rainforest, Macbrideola spinosispora is the first record for Brazil and Licea sp. is likely a new taxon. A key to identify the species occurring in Alagoas is presented, as well as, distribution and comments of the species in Brazil. hotspots endemism studies 1080 1 080 1,08 mounted examination 8 identified herbarium 237 23 7 23.7 61 sp taxon presented 108 08 1,0 2 23. 6 10 0 1,

Resumo A Floresta Atlântica brasileira é considerada um dos hotspots de biodiversidade mundial, com altos níveis de endemismo. Estudos sobre a mixobiota de Floresta Atlântica têm sido realizados principalmente na região Nordeste do Brasil, mas o folhedo de solo foi incluído em poucos desses estudos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi registrar a composição e diversidade da mixobiota do folhedo de solo da Reserva Biológica de Pedra Talhada e expandir o conhecimento sobre a microbiota da Floresta Atlântica. Amostras do folhedo de solo foram coletadas no final da estação seca e início da estação chuvosa e 1.080 câmaras úmidas foram montadas. A identificação e descrição dos espécimes obtidos foram baseadas em análise morfológica. Foram obtidos 86 espécimes, identificados e registrados no Herbário UFP. Plasmódios e/ou esporocarpos foram registrados em 23,7% das câmaras úmidas. O inventário resultou em 13 novos registros para Alagoas, aumentando para 61 o número de espécies conhecidas para o estado. Perichaena longipes e Stemonitopsis gracilis são registrados pela primeira vez no Nordeste e na Floresta Atlântica. Macbrideola spinosispora é o primeiro registro para o Brasil e Licea sp. provavelmente é um novo táxon. Uma chave de identificação para as espécies ocorrentes em Alagoas é apresentada, bem como, comentários e distribuição das espécies no Brasil. mundial endemismo estudos 1080 1 080 1.08 montadas morfológica 8 UFP eou ou 237 23 7 23,7 6 estado sp táxon apresentada como 108 08 1.0 2 23, 10 0 1.

Abstract The first list of Aetalionidae and Membracidae species for western Acre is presented, including the Alto do Juruá regions of Serra do Divisor National Park and the Campus Floresta of the Federal University of Acre. In total, 94 species of treehoppers were collected, of which Centrotinae (Membracidae) is recorded for the first time for Brazil (Abelus maculatus Schimidt), another 16 species are new Brazilian records, and 69 species (Aetalionidae and Membracidae) are new records for Acre. Data on type locality, geographic distribution and images of all species are presented. The males of Lophyraspis fenestrata Sakakibara & Creão-Duarte and Erechtia sanguinolenta (Fairmaire) are known for the first time. The species diversity was compared to four other treehopper surveys in the Amazon region, with similarity indices of about 43.6% for Colombian Amazon (at least 650 km away), 27.6% for Panguana Biological Research Station, Peru (250 km), 20.2% for Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve, Brazil (1,600 km) and 8.5% for Villa Carmen Biological Station/Los Amigos Biological Station, Peru (600/700 km). The estimated richness of Serra do Divisor National Park was just over 70%, suggesting that local diversity could be significantly higher than that presented in this study. total 9 collected (Membracidae Abelus Schimidt, Schimidt , Schimidt) 1 6 locality CreãoDuarte Creão Duarte Fairmaire (Fairmaire region 436 43 43.6 at 65 away, away away) 276 27 27.6 Station 250 (25 km, 202 20 2 20.2 Reserve 1,600 1600 600 (1,60 85 8 5 8.5 StationLos Los 600/700 600700 700 (600/70 km. . 70 70% study 4 43. 27. 25 (2 20. 1,60 160 60 (1,6 8. 600/70 60070 (600/7 7 ( 1,6 (1, 600/7 6007 (600/ 1, (1 600/ (600 (60 (6

Resumo A primeira lista de espécies de Aetalionidae e Membracidae para o extremo oeste do Acre é apresentada, incluindo as regiões do Alto do Juruá do Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor e o Campus Floresta da Universidade Federal do Acre. No total, foram coletadas 94 espécies de soldadinhos, das quais Centrotinae (Membracidae) é registrada pela primeira vez para o Brasil (Abelus maculatus Schimidt), 16 outras espécies de membracídeos são novos registros para o Brasil e 69 espécies (Aetalionidae e Membracidae) são novos registros para o Acre. Dados sobre localidade-tipo, distribuição geográfica e imagens de todas as espécies são apresentados. Os machos de Lophyraspis fenestrata Sakakibara & Creão-Duarte e Erechtia sanguinolenta (Fairmaire) são conhecidos pela primeira vez. A diversidade de espécies foi comparada a outros quatro levantamentos de soldadinhos na região amazônica, com índices de similaridade de cerca de 43,6% para a Amazônia colombiana (pelo menos 650 km de distância), 27,6% para a Estação de Pesquisa Biológica de Panguana, Peru (250 km), 20,2% para Adolpho Reserva Florestal Ducke, Brasil (1.600 km) e 8,5% para Estação Biológica Villa Carmen/Estação Biológica Los Amigos, Peru (600/700 km). A riqueza estimada do Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor foi de pouco mais de 70%, sugerindo que a diversidade local pode ser significativamente maior do que a apresentada neste estudo. total 9 (Membracidae Abelus Schimidt, Schimidt , Schimidt) 1 6 localidadetipo, localidadetipo localidade tipo, tipo localidade-tipo apresentados CreãoDuarte Creão Duarte Fairmaire (Fairmaire amazônica 436 43 43,6 pelo 65 distância, distância distância) 276 27 27,6 Panguana 250 (25 km, 202 20 2 20,2 Ducke 1.600 1600 600 (1.60 85 8 5 8,5 CarmenEstação Carmen Amigos 600/700 600700 700 (600/70 km. . 70 70% estudo 4 43, 27, 25 (2 20, 1.60 160 60 (1.6 8, 600/70 60070 (600/7 7 ( 1.6 (1. 600/7 6007 (600/ 1. (1 600/ (600 (60 (6

Abstract The cloud forest (CF) is one of the ecosystems with a great variety of biodiversity, however, it is also one of the most reduced in territorial surface with fragmentation among its distribution, which increases the probability of human disturbances and biodiversity loss. Our objective was to estimate alpha diversity and relative abundance of medium and large mammals present in the CF of El Cielo biosphere reserve (ECBR), Tamaulipas, Mexico. The study was carried out from January 2018 to December 2020. In this period, 20 sampling stations with one camera-trap were placed. We used the Hill series numbers method to estimate mammalian diversity during the rainy and dry seasons, and rarefaction curves to compare diversity between seasons. We estimated abundance with the relative abundance index (RAI). A total of 18 species of mammals were identified, corresponding to six orders and 12 families. The best represented order was Carnivora. The richness was 16 and 18 species, for the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between seasons. The species with the highest relative abundance in the rainy season was Mazama temama and the lowest Odocoileus virginianus. In the dry season, Didelphis sp. showed the highest IAR, and the lowest O. virginianus. Five species in danger of extinction were registered and and one threatened. The number of species described shows that it is one of the sites with the greatest richness of medium and large mammals in CF of Mexico and high abundances of M. temama, Ursus americanus and Leopardus wiedii stand out. In addition, the presence of species such as Panthera onca and Puma concolor shows that this type of vegetation is in a good state of conservation.

Resumen El bosque mesófilo de montaña (BMM) es uno de los ecosistemas vegetales con una gran diversidad biológica, sin embargo, también es uno de los más reducidos en superficie territorial y su distribución es fragmentada, lo que incrementa su probabilidad de sufrir perturbaciones humanas y pérdida de la biodiversidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar la diversidad alfa y la abundancia relativa de los mamíferos medianos y grandes presentes en el BMM de la reserva de la biosfera El Cielo (RBEC), Tamaulipas, México. El estudio se realizó de enero del 2018 a diciembre del 2020. En este periodo se colocaron 20 estaciones de muestreo con una cámara-trampa. Se estimó la diversidad de los mamíferos durante la temporada de lluvia y seca con los números de la serie Hill. La diversidad se comparó entre temporadas con las curvas de rarefacción y la abundancia se estimó con el índice de abundancia relativa (IAR) para cada especie. Se lograron identificar 18 especies de mamíferos y el orden mejor representado fue Carnivora. La riqueza fue de 16 y 18 especies, para la temporada de lluvia y seca, respectivamente. La especie con mayor abundancia relativa en la temporada de lluvia fue Mazama temama y la de menor Odocoileus virginianus. En la seca, Didelphis sp. fue la que presentó mayor IAR, y la menor fue O. virginianus. Se registraron cinco especies que se encuentran en peligro de extinción y una considerada como amenazada. El número de especies que se describen muestra que se trata de uno de los sitios con mayor riqueza de mamíferos medianos y grandes en BMM de México y destacan abundancias relativas altas de M. temama, Ursus americanus y Leopardus wiedii. A demás, la presencia de especies como Panthera onca y Puma concolor, muestran que este tipo de vegetación tiene un buen estado de conservación.

Resumen Las especies del género Vigna, que pertenecen al grupo de las leguminosas, presentan un alto contenido de proteínas, entre las que destacan, por su importancia, las albúminas y las globulinas, cuya función principal es la de reserva, pero también algunas de ellas se ocupan de la defensa contra los hongos, los insectos y los microorganismos, como es en el caso de las lectinas, inhibidores de las proteasas, las α-amilasas, las defensinas, las proteínas de transferencia de lípidos (nsLTPs), tioninas y ciclótidos, entre otras. Actualmente, todas estas proteínas, así como los péptidos que se obtienen de su hidrólisis, se consideran relevantes debido a la actividad biológica que han demostrado al tener un efecto: anticancerígeno, antihipertensivo, antidiabético, antioxidante, antimicrobiano, antifúngico, antiviral e insecticida. Es por ello, que también las especies de Vigna son recursos valiosos para el desarrollo de alimentos funcionales, productos farmacéuticos y agrícolas.

Abstract Plant species of the genus Vigna belong to the group of legumes, they have a high protein content, including albumins and globulins, being the main function as storage proteins; however, they perform defense functions against fungi, insects, and microorganisms, such as the case of lectins, protease inhibitors, α-amylase inhibitors, defensins, lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs), thionins, cyclotides, among others. Currently, all these proteins, as well as the peptides obtained from their hydrolysis, are considered relevant due to the biological activity they have demonstrated, including anticancer, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and insecticidal properties. These diverse biological activities underscore the potential of Vigna species as valuable resources for developing functional foods and pharmaceutical and agricultural products.