RESUMO: Os padrões paisagísticos em zonas montanhosas com rápido desenvolvimento económico são fortemente afetados por múltiplas atividades humanas. No entanto, as mudanças nas alterações da paisagem nas áreas montanhosas cársticas atribuídas a atividades humanas complexas permanecem obscuras. A investigação sobre o grau de alteração da paisagem em zonas montanhosas sob a influência das atividades humanas é de grande importância para a conservação e gestão científica das paisagens montanhosas. Selecionamos zonas rurais com quatro tipos típicos de acidentes geográficos de pequena escala em áreas montanhosas como objetos de pesquisa e analisamos a resposta das mudanças na perturbação da paisagem rural à atividade humana nessas áreas. Nossos resultados revelam que o grau de alteração da paisagem e a atividade humana influenciam o aumento do índice na maioria das áreas montanhosas. As mudanças na atividade humana e nas perturbações paisagísticas são geralmente observadas na região de baixo relevo do terreno. A utilização intensiva do solo associada ao rápido desenvolvimento econômico tem um sério impacto negativo no grau de perturbação da paisagem, enquanto os projetos de restauração ecológica exercem um impacto positivo. Acelerar a implementação dos projetos para área “verde” e regular a expansão não regulamentada da produção e da terra viva são medidas cruciais para a gestão ecológica em áreas montanhosas cársticas. As futuras estratégias de gestão ecológica deverão centrar-se em áreas de terreno relativamente planas. Nossas descobertas contribuem para a gestão da paisagem e a regulação da atividade humana de diferentes tipos de relevo de pequena escala em áreas montanhosas cársticas. RESUMO entanto obscuras positivo verde “verde centrarse centrar se planas

ABSTRACT: Landscape patterns in mountainous areas with rapid economic development are strongly affected by multiple human activities. However, the changes in landscape disturbances across karst mountainous areas attributed to complex human activities remain unclear. Research on the degree of landscape disturbance in mountainous areas under the influence of human activities is of great significance to the conservation and scientific management of mountainous landscapes. We selected rural zones with four typical small-scale landform types in karst mountainous areas as the research objects and analyzed the response of changes in rural landscape disturbance to human activity in these areas. Our results revealed that the landscape disturbance degree and human activity influence index increase in the majority of karst mountainous areas. The changes in human activity and landscape disturbances are generally observed in the low terrain relief region. High-intensity land use associated with rapid economic development has a serious negative impact on the degree of landscape disturbance, while ecological restoration projects exert a positive impact. Accelerating the implementation of the grain for green project and regulating the unregulated expansion of production and living land are crucial measures for the ecological management in karst mountainous areas. Future ecological management strategies should focus on relatively flat terrain areas. Our findings contributed to the landscape management and human activity regulation of different small-scale landform types in karst mountainous areas. ABSTRACT However unclear landscapes smallscale small scale region Highintensity High intensity

Abstract Business networks as an associative strategy represent an option to promote business development and growth, companies of the same turn join efforts and interests to create competitive advantages; through the transmission of knowledge among the members of the organizations their technical and management skills are improved. The objective of this quantitative, descriptive and transactional research is to analyze the conditions and characteristics of the artisans of the Mixteca Oaxaqueña region to integrate a business network; and investigate the appropriate methodology for their integration. The case study method was applied to study the problem in depth. The results indicate that the creation of a business network among the artisans of the Mixteca Oaxaqueña region will promote greater collaboration and joint promotion, which will allow them to enter potential markets with greater competitiveness. The skills and competences they demonstrate to produce a wide range of artisanal products will allow them, together, to attract a greater number of customers and contribute to the generation of economies of scale. In the integration of the business network, five phases were proposed: network identification; trust relationships; monitoring, evaluation and autonomous management; strategic planning; and the pilot project.

Resumen Las redes empresariales como estrategia asociativa representan una opción para promover el desarrollo y crecimiento empresarial, donde empresas del mismo giro unen esfuerzos e intereses para crear ventajas competitivas; mediante la transmisión de conocimientos entre los integrantes se mejoran sus habilidades técnicas y de gestión. El objetivo de esta investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva y transeccional consiste en analizar las condiciones y características de los artesanos de la región Mixteca Oaxaqueña para integrar una red empresarial; e investigar la metodología apropiada para su integración. Se aplicó el método estudio de caso, para estudiar a profundidad la problemática. Los resultados indican que la creación de una red empresarial entre los artesanos de la región Mixteca Oaxaqueña impulsará una mayor colaboración y promoción conjunta, que les permitirá incursionar en mercados potenciales con una mayor competitividad. Las habilidades y competencias que manifiestan para la producción de una gran diversidad de artesanías les permitirá en conjunto, captar un mayor número de clientes y contribuir en la generación de economías de escala. En la integración de la red empresarial se propusieron cinco fases: identificación de la red; relaciones de confianza; monitoreo, evaluación y gestión autónoma; planificación estratégica; y el proyecto piloto.

Resumo: Introdução: A história do cuidado na enfermagem passou por quatro etapas: doméstica, vocacional, técnica e profissional, que foram fundamentais para seu desenvolvimento. No entanto, os atuais desafios sociossanitários destacam a necessidade de projetar novas etapas. Objetivo: Projetar o futuro do cuidado de enfermagem à luz da filosofia e da teoria dos cuidados transpessoais de Jean Watson. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática e uma análise crítico-reflexiva sobre as projeções disciplinares da enfermagem. A revisão abrangeu artigos publicados até 2023 nas bases Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO e CINAHL. Foram encontrados 366 artigos, dos quais 8 atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. A análise crítico-reflexiva concentrou-se em descrever a evolução das etapas e propor uma etapa futura. Resultados: O cuidado humanizado é um processo complexo que exige habilidades específicas de comunicação, não apenas entre os profissionais de saúde, mas também com os usuários e seus familiares. Por sua vez, o cuidado humanizado está integrado em um ambiente clínico desafiador, devido à alta carga de trabalho, disponibilidade limitada de recursos e à necessidade de manter um nível competitivo na prática profissional. Propõe-se como quinta etapa o “cuidado disciplinar de enfermagem”. Conclusões: Esta nova etapa se concentraria no gerenciamento do cuidado e no cuidado humanizado por meio do aperfeiçoamento da pesquisa, da formação continuada, dos modelos e teorias e da autonomia profissional

Resumen: Introducción: La historia del cuidado de enfermería ha transitado cuatro etapas: doméstica, vocacional, técnica y profesional, que han sido fundamentales en su desarrollo. Sin embargo, los actuales desafíos sociosanitarios ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de proyectar nuevas etapas. Objetivo: Proyectar el futuro del cuidado de enfermería a la luz de la filosofía y teoría de los cuidados transpersonales de Jean Watson. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática y un análisis crítico-reflexivo sobre las proyecciones disciplinares de la enfermería. La revisión abarcó artículos publicados hasta 2023 en Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO y CINAHL. Se encontraron 366 artículos, de los cuales 8 cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. El análisis crítico-reflexivo se centró en describir la evolución de las etapas y en proponer una etapa futura. Resultados: El cuidado humanizado es un proceso complejo que requiere de habilidades de comunicación específicas, no solo entre profesionales de la salud, sino también con los usuarios y sus familias. A su vez, el cuidado humanizado se integra a un entorno clínico desafiante, debido a la alta carga laboral, la disponibilidad limitada de recursos y la necesidad de mantener un nivel competitivo en la práctica profesional. Se propone como quinta etapa el “cuidado disciplinar de enfermería”. Conclusiones: Esta nueva etapa se centraría en la gestión del cuidado y en el cuidado humanizado mediante un perfeccionamiento de la investigación, la formación continua, los modelos y teorías, y la autonomía profesional

Abstract: Introduction: The history of nursing care has passed through four stages: domestic, vocational, technical and professional, which have been fundamental in its development. However, current socio-sanitary challenges demonstrate the need to plan new steps. Objective: Project the future of nursing care in the light of the philosophy and theory of transpersonal care by Jean Watson. Methodology: A systematic review and critical-reflexive analysis of nursing disciplinary projections was carried out. The review covers articles published until 2023 in Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO and CINAHL. There will be 366 articles, of which 8 met the eligibility criteria. The critical-reflexive analysis focuses on describing the evolution of the stages and proposing a future stage. Results: Humanized care is a complex process that requires specific communication skills, both between healthcare professionals and users and their families. In turn, humanized care is integrated into a challenging clinical environment, due to the high workload, limited availability of resources and the need to maintain a competitive level in professional practice. “Disciplinary nursing care” is proposed as a fifth stage. Conclusions: This new stage will focus on care management and humanized care through perfecting research, continued training, models and theories, and professional autonomy

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to contrast community support networks in vulnerable contexts, recognizing them as expressions of community resilience within the framework of the project "Vulnerability resilience and risk of communities and supply basins affected by landslide and avalanche phenomena" where two territories are chosen, ex-post and ex-ante respectively with risk factors for torrential flooding. As a result, two types of support networks are evident: first, combined networks where different actors come together to work around the needs of the population, and second, circumstantial networks, which emerge at a particular moment and disappear at the moment that the situation is resolved.This qualitative research seeks the understanding, reconstruction, and interpretation of moments, facts, conditions, and actions from the voices of the subjects who experience certain phenomena, creating with them an "everything-with-meaning", according to their stories, trajectories, and subjectivities. Document review techniques, community-based reports, and semi-structured interviews were implemented, as well as the application of identification and characterization instruments of actors and networks.

RESUMEN El presente artículo tiene como objetivo contrastar las redes de apoyo comunitarias en contextos vulnerables reconociéndolas como expresiones de resiliencia comunitaria en el marco del proyecto -Vulnerabilidad, resiliencia y riesgo de comunidades y cuencas abastecedoras afectadas por fenómenos de deslizamientos y avalanchas- donde se elige dos territorios, ex post y ex ante respectivamente, con factores de riesgo de avenida torrencial. Como resultado, se evidencian dos tipos de redes de apoyo, primero, redes combinadas donde diferentes actores se unen para trabajar en torno a las necesidades de la población y la segunda, redes circunstanciales, que surgen en un momento particular y desaparecen en el momento en que la situación es resuelta. Esta investigación es de carácter cualitativo, busca la comprensión, reconstrucción e interpretación de momentos, hechos, situaciones y acciones desde las voces de los sujetos que vivencian determinados fenómenos, elaborando con ellos un -todo-con-sentido-, de acuerdo con sus historias, trayectorias y subjetividades. Se implementaron técnicas de revisión documental, informes de base comunitaria y entrevistas semiestructuradas, así como la aplicación de instrumentos de identificación y caracterización de actores y redes.

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo contrastar as redes de apoio comunitário em contextos vulneráveis, reconhecendo-as como expressões da resiliência da comunidade no âmbito do projeto “Vulnerabilidade, resiliência e risco em comunidades e bacias de abastecimento afetadas por deslizamentos de terra e valanches”, no qual foram escolhidos dois territórios, ex post e ex ante, respectivamente, com fatores de risco de inundações torrenciais. Como resultado, dois tipos de redes de apoio são evidenciados: primeiro, redes combinadas, em que diferentes atores se unem para trabalhar em torno das necessidades da população, e segundo, redes circunstanciais, que surgem em um determinado momento e desaparecem quando a situação é resolvida. Esta pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa, buscando a compreensão, a reconstrução e a interpretação de momentos, fatos, situações e ações a partir das vozes dos sujeitos que vivenciam determinados fenômenos, elaborando com eles um “todo-com-sentido”, de acordo com suas histórias, trajetórias e subjetividades. Foram implementadas técnicas de análise documental, relatórios comunitários e entrevistas semiestruturadas, bem como a aplicação de instrumentos para a identificação e caracterização de atores e redes.

Remote areas that lack conventional water-provisioning infrastructure often rely on rainwater harvesting, rivers, pans, reservoirs and borehole-extracted water to meet domestic water requirements. These water sources often have poor microbial quality and chemical composition, the quality of which is not routinely monitored. This study explored citizen science as a tool for Engaged Research and Responsible Research and Innovation, detailing the co-creation of a sustained community-based water quality monitoring program in collaboration with communities in villages in Amakhala Game Reserve (Eastern Cape, South Africa). Without access to other water sources, participants predominantly used rainwater for drinking and cooking (80%), while borehole water was mainly used for cleaning and gardening due to its salty or bitter taste. A hydrogen sulfide (H2S) water testing kit was used by the citizen scientists to monitor the water quality. The H2S kits were effective in estimating bacterial contamination, showing a proportional relationship with Colilert® test results conducted in a laboratory. The alignment observed between community-based monitoring results and those derived from scientist-led testing underscores the value of data produced through citizen science initiatives. Sustained participant engagement throughout this research reflected a sense of community empowerment through access to tools that inform their decision-making around water use and treatment as well as investment in the research, indicative of the perceived relevance of the research to community interests. This integration of transdisciplinary data sources holds promise for informing evidence-based decision-making processes, facilitating more effective and contextually informed water management strategies that value and integrate community perspectives alongside scientific insights. SIGNIFICANCE: Drawing on the principles of Engaged Research and Responsible Research and Innovation, we applied citizen science tools to engage researchers and communities in the co-development of a water quality monitoring program. In addressing a specific area of concern, raised by the remotely situated community around the need for knowing their water quality, the project successfully trained communities in applying water testing tools and fostered agency in decision-making around water treatment. Combined with continuous feedback and communication loops, a high rate of continuity was sustained among the participants.

Human health and well-being are directly and indirectly dependent on the life of river systems. Life in river systems is increasingly dependent on human actions that bring river health into being. Rather than describing river health as thing, problem or management challenge, this paper explores how river health is brought into being, through the citizen science practices of the Amanzi Ethu Nobuntu project in the upper uMngeni catchment in South Africa. The study draws on focal data produced by citizen science practitioners, as interpreted by them in collaboration with partners in the catchment, and their reflections on the meaning(s) of river health and how it came into being. Drawing on the concepts of citizen science as a co-learning process, integrative views of One Health, and commoning as activity the study offers a rich interpretation on how river health comes into being. The study shows the complex interrelated practices involved, including practices of resolving leaks and pollution challenges, social and community engagement, and the co-learning involved in citizen science practices itself. It offers insight into the social-ecological and ethical-political ontological dynamics of river health commoning activity thus offering alternatives to reductionist approaches to bringing river health into being, potentially also enriching tools for river health reporting. SIGNIFICANCE: The significance of the main findings of Sustainability Science Engagement and Engaged Sustainability Sciences includes how citizen science can be key for engaging local communities in sustainability research around sustainability challenges, such as river health, by linking to the health of the people and their everyday engagements with the river. Further contributions include conceptualising sustainability science engagement co-leaming processes of being in common around a shared matter of concern, such as bringing river health into being beyond technical specifications. Contributions are also made by highlighting how sustainability science engagement can result in richness in terms of knowing sustainability challenges.

ABSTRACT. Using satellite sensor data for studying sea surface temperature (SST) provides advantages over in situ information, such as obtaining data from large areas and remote access regions in short periods. However, differences between the SST values recorded in situ and those by satellite sensors are due to the intrinsic nature of both methods and meteorological factors. The present study aims to search the difference between SST values from in situ and satellite sensor data of 1×1 km resolution (type L4) from the Group of High-Resolution Sea Surface Temperature (GHRSST) for an annual cycle in a socio-ecological critical area known as the Gulf of Ulloa (GU). The linear regression, linear spline regression, and logic models showed an overestimated SST by satellites compared to in situ data, particularly at temperatures below 20°C. The overestimation can be attributed to the oceanic-atmospheric variations, which are consequences of upwelling and the time lag between the data record morning by in situ and night by satellite sensors. This finding may be relevant in decision-making for marine resource management and conservation in the GU. The information may help to seek the sustainability of this social-environmental system.

Resumen: Esta investigación tiene por objeto adaptar y validar el instrumento denominado Perfil de Implementación del Proyecto (PIP) para la evaluación de proyectos realizados en Latinoamérica. Participaron 420 profesionales involucrados, ya sea como líderes o miembros de equipos, en proyectos culminados en el periodo 2020-2021. Como el instrumento fue elaborado en inglés se utilizó un procedimiento de traducción y re-traducción, en el cual participaron expertos profesionales y académicos en gestión de proyectos junto con traductores certificados, para su adaptación a la población hispanoparlante en Latinoamérica. Para el análisis factorial exploratorio se seleccionó el método de extracción de mínimos cuadrados no ponderados, obteniéndose cuatro factores críticos de éxito: Comunicación con el cliente, seguimiento y planeación, alta gerencia, y capacidades técnicas, con coeficientes Cronbach Alpha comprendidos entre .876 y .933. Posteriormente se aplicó el análisis factorial confirmatorio, el cual demostró que el instrumento posee validez convergente y discriminante y, en consecuencia, puede ser utilizado en la academia para futuras investigaciones sobre la gestión de proyectos, y en lo profesional para evaluar el desempeño de proyectos ecuatorianos, contemplando la limitación de que el porcentaje de participación de proyectos de otros países de Latinoamérica en la muestra de estudio fue del 22 %.

Abstract: This research aims to adapt and validate the Project Implementation Profile (PIP) instrument for evaluating projects carried out in Latin America. Four hundred twenty professionals participated as leaders or team members in projects completed in 2020-2021. As the instrument was developed in English, a translation and retranslation procedure was used, in which professional and academic experts in project management participated, along with certified translators, for its adaptation to the Spanish-speaking population in Latin America. For the exploratory factor analysis, the unweighted least squares extraction method was selected, obtaining four critical success factors: Communication with the client, monitoring and planning, senior management, and technical capabilities, with Cronbach Alpha coefficients between .876 and 933. Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis was applied, demonstrating that the instrument has convergent and discriminant validity and, consequently, can be used in academia for future research on project management and professionally to evaluate the performance of Ecuadorian projects, considering the limitation that the percentage of participation of projects from other Latin American countries in the study sample was 22%.

Resumo Os dispositivos estatais para o governo das águas no Brasil vêm sendo fortemente influenciados pelo discurso do desenvolvimento, tendo como principal instituição multilateral promotora o Banco Mundial, cujas diretrizes convergem para o afastamento das instituições estatais do papel de provedoras dos serviços de água e promovem a perda do controle sobre as águas por populações locais. Neste artigo, analiso a trajetória das políticas governamentais para a gestão das águas no Brasil a partir da instituição da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos (PNRH) à luz da literatura antropológica sobre grandes projetos de desenvolvimento, administração pública e o campo autodenominado de antropologia da água, observando o processo de criação e implementação de dispositivos institucionais que abrem caminho para a transformação da água em uma commodity. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de observação participante em avaliação oficial da PNRH e análise de relatórios de projetos do Banco Mundial. desenvolvimento Mundial locais artigo (PNRH commodity

Abstract State devices for water governance in Brazil have been strongly influenced by the development discourse, with the World Bank as the main multilateral institution that promotes it, whose guidelines converge towards the removal of state institutions from the role of providers of water services and promote the loss control over water by local populations. In this article, I analyze the trajectory of government policies for water management in Brazil from the institution of the National Water Resources Policy (NWRP) under the light of anthropological literature on large development projects, public administration and the self-declared field of anthropology of water, observing the process of creation and implementation of institutional devices that pave the way for the transformation of water into a commodity. The research was carried out through participant observation in an official evaluation of the NWRP and analysis of project reports from the World Bank. discourse it populations article (NWRP projects selfdeclared self declared commodity

Abstract One of the demands of the academic community for the selection and accreditation processes of their members is to lead competitive research projects. Many young researchers face the challenge of being a “Principal Investigator” for the first time without prior experience or support. To this end, we believe that it is necessary to share experiences of presenting subsidized projects (also failures) among the academic community. The objective of this article is twofold: on the one hand, to consider the difficulty of structuring research projects to receive grants from the institutions and, on the other, to share and discuss strategies and complexities of the qualitative approach based on the project proposal made by the author. The referred project was presented in the 2021 call for "Proyectos de Generación de Conocimiento " of the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain. The proposal is based on the fact that the transition from modernity to post-modernity materialises in different dimensions and processes that are relevant to their study from the social sciences perspective. One of them is the management of imaginaries associated to motherhood as a representative institution of a particular geographical and historical context. Understanding the associated processes, representations and narratives on motherhood is one of the challenges concerning today's society as a whole, not just women and mothers. The general objective of this project is to delve into the narratives of women and mothers who break (or wish to break) with the practices and meanings associated with "traditional motherhood". Thus, we aim to explore the processes of change, continuity, and subversion in the motherhood management within the framework of advanced modern or post-modern societies.

Resumo Una de las exigencias de la comunidad académica para los procesos de selección y acreditación de profesorado es la de dirigir proyectos de investigación competitivos subvencionados. Muchos jóvenes investigadores se encuentran con el reto de ser Investigador Principal (en adelante: IP) por primera vez sin experiencia previa o soporte. Creemos que es necesario compartir experiencias de presentación de proyectos subvencionados (también de fracaso) entre la comunidad académica y, especialmente, entre los jóvenes investigadores que empiezan a presentar proyectos de equipo como IP’s. Observamos, para el caso que nos ocupa, ciertas complejidades añadidas en proyectos pensados mediante diseño cualitativo debido, entre otros factores, al grado de sistematización, previsión y concreción a seguir. El objetivo principal de este artículo es el de reflexionar sobre algunas dificultades de estructurar y justificar proyectos de investigación de corte cualitativo con el fin de recibir financiación en el campo de las ciencias sociales. Con la convicción de la necesidad de compartir experiencias entre la comunidad académica, aquí se utiliza el ejemplo de un proyecto de investigación presentado en la convocatoria 2021 de “Proyectos de Generación de Conocimiento” del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España. La temática del proyecto presentado refiere a la gestión de los imaginarios sobre la maternidad como institución social y política. La propuesta, de corte cualitativo, parte de la base que el tránsito de la modernidad a la posmodernidad se materializa en diferentes dimensiones y procesos asociados relevantes para el estudio desde las ciencias sociales. Una de ellas es la gestión de los imaginarios sobre la maternidad como institución representativa de un contexto geográfico e histórico determinado.

Abstract In the community in La Virgen de Sarapiquí, community outreach projects have been carried out from 2018 to 2024. The projects had the purpose of providing the participants with professional skills for the potential tourist visitation in the area due to the opening of El Ceibo of the Braulio Carrillo National Park. In the last three years, English courses have been taught in the community with the aim of promoting linguistic competences in their tourism ventures. This qualitative research evidences the lived experiences and perceptions of two participants in the process of learning and Practicing English in socio-productive activities, developed under this community outreach framework. For this descriptive case study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, collages, and reflective narratives. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and using NVivo as software for data coding. The results obtained include the context of the participants before taking the English courses, the perceptions of these people about the English courses, the experiences lived in the implementation of the language and job projections in relation to English. It was concluded that the learning of English was effective and its use in the socio-productive activities of the participants. Also, extension projects are key in the development of rural communities along with the implementation of project management principles such as quality, complexity, adaptability, and resilience; In addition, rigorous qualitative research allows a systematization with perspectives from the experiences and perceptions of the participants.

Resúmen La comunidad en La Virgen de Sarapiquí ha sido parte de un proceso de extensión universitaria desde el 2015 hasta el 2024. Los proyectos tuvieron como propósito proveer a la población meta de habilidades profesionales para atender una potencial visitación turística en la zona debido a la apertura del puesto operativo El Ceibo del Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo. En los últimos tres años, se han impartido cursos de inglés con el objetivo de promover competencias lingüísticas en las personas de la comunidad que tienen emprendimientos turísticos. La presente investigación cualitativa evidencia las experiencias vividas y las percepciones de dos personas participantes del proceso de aprendizaje y puesta en práctica del inglés en actividades socioproductivas, desarrollado bajo este marco de extensión universitaria. Para este estudio de caso descriptivo, se recolectaron datos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, y se elaboraron collages y narrativas reflexivas. Los datos se analizaron empleando el análisis temático y utilizando NVivo como software para la codificación de datos. Los resultados obtenidos incluyen el contexto de las personas participantes antes de llevar los cursos de inglés, las percepciones de estas personas sobre los cursos de inglés, las experiencias vividas en la puesta en práctica del idioma y las proyecciones laborales en relación con el inglés. Se concluyó que el aprendizaje del inglés fue efectivo y se usó en las actividades socioproductivas de las personas participantes. Así mismo, los proyectos de extensión son clave en el desarrollo de comunidades rurales junto con la implementación de los principios de dirección de proyectos como calidad, complejidad, adaptabilidad y resiliencia, además de que la investigación cualitativa rigurosa permite una sistematización con perspectivas desde las experiencias y percepciones de las personas participantes.

RESUMEN En la contemporaneidad globalizada diversas problemáticas inciden y repercuten en la vida del hombre como ente social. De ahí que, las universidades proyecten procesos formativos conforme a los desafíos y demandas educativas de la Agenda 2030. Cuba, inmersa en trasformaciones de su modelo económico, político y social, redimensiona la preparación para el empleo en la Educación Superior, desde la formación continua, en función de lograr egresados dotados de conocimientos, habilidades, destrezas, valores y competencias socio-profesionales para insertarse en el mercado laboral. En ese contexto, el artículo presenta un modelo de gestión formativa en la preparación para el empleo en el Ingeniero Informático en la Universidad de Oriente, constructo articulador en la concreción de las competencias socio-profesionales. El constructo teórico-práctico que expresa el vínculo universidad-empresa, emerge de los resultados de la formación doctoral. En tal sentido, se asumen métodos que permiten relacionar los aspectos teóricos que sustentan el modelo propuesto en interrelación con las categorías, a partir del análisis-síntesis, la revisión documental de investigaciones que se asumen y comparten, los que avalan la propuesta en su significación, importancia, actualidad e impacto.

ABSTRACT In today's globalized world, various problems affect and have repercussions on the life of man as a social entity. Hence, universities project training processes in accordance with the educational challenges and demands of the 2030 Agenda. Cuba, immersed in transformations of its economic, political and social model, resizes preparation for employment in Higher Education, from continuous training, in order to achieve graduates equipped with knowledge, skills, values and socio-professional competencies to enter the labor market. In this context, the article presents a training management model in preparation for employment in the Computer Engineer at the University of Oriente, an articulating construct in the realization of socio-professional competencies. The theoretical-practical construct that expresses the university-company link emerges from the results of doctoral training. In this sense, methods are assumed that allow relating the theoretical aspects that support the proposed model in interrelation with the categories, based on the analysis-synthesis, the documentary review of research that is assumed and shared, which endorse the proposal in its significance, importance, topicality and impact.

Surface coal operations in which mining activities are conducted above old underground workings experience hot holes after drilling. In a coal mine, hot holes are defined as shot holes, which after being drilled have an in-hole ambient temperature of 40°C or above or show a temperature increase of 3°C or more during monitoring. Hot holes and other cavities, such as cracks, pose health and safety risks to workers, such as exposure to hot air and high concentrations of noxious gases released from these holes. In addition, workers may be exposed to premature detonation of explosives caused by in-hole temperature increases and chemical reactions. To this end, Coaltech Research Association commissioned a project to develop a Best Practice Guideline for the management of hot holes. This paper is a compilation of the activities conducted in the development of the Best Practice Guideline between 2021 and 2022. The activities included a review of standard operating procedures and hot-hole temperature-measuring and -monitoring devices, and the assessment of current hot-hole procedures at selected mines. The results indicated that management of hot holes requires a focus on pre-emptive risk assessment of mining blocks, identification of hot holes using the correct temperature-measuring devices, and continuous monitoring of hot holes from the time of drilling until just before blasting. Hot-hole management accessories, such as polyvinyl chloride sleeves, were found to be effective in insulating the hot-hole emulsion from the rock mass temperature, thus preventing the potential for premature detonation.

Abstract Mountain areas face various problems such as environmental degradation, deforestation, unsustainable agricultural expansion, soil erosion, coupled with the loss of traditional knowledge, among others, which has become the focus of concern and reflection of both theoretical and practical discourse, due to the environmental, economic and social deterioration they have experienced. Higher Education in Cuba plays a very important role in the face of these problems, by contributing, through scientific means, to their solution. The following original research has as its objective to implement agroforestry resilience actions in mountainous areas from community projects with the Municipal University Center of Remedios in the province of Villa Clara, Cuba. The methodology used was participatory action research, using theoretical methods such as synthetic analytical and historical-logical, empirical methods such as document analysis, observation, interviews, which allowed recording the information directly from the subjects studied and workshops with brainstorming techniques in the dynamics of the research. The results have been structured in the foundation of the conceptual elements necessary to clarify the object of study, main needs and potentialities of the mountainous area studied, as well as agroforestry resilience actions, which allowed greater public participation in the community context in the management of its natural resources, aimed at contributing to the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals (Agenda 2030) and one of the strategic axes within the National Economic and Social Development Plan of Cuba.

Resumo As áreas montanhosas enfrentam vários problemas, como a degradação ambiental, o desmatamento, a expansão agrícola insustentável, a erosão do solo, juntamente com a perda de conhecimentos tradicionais, entre outros, razão pela qual se tornaram foco de preocupação e reflexão tanto no discurso teórico quanto no prático, devido à deterioração ambiental, econômica e social que sofreram. A educação superior em Cuba desempenha um papel muito importante no enfrentamento desses problemas, contribuindo para sua solução por meios científicos. A pesquisa original a seguir tem como objetivo implementar ações de resiliência agroflorestal em áreas montanhosas por meio de projetos comunitários com o Centro Universitário Municipal de Remedios, na província de Villa Clara, Cuba. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa-ação participativa, com o uso de métodos teóricos, como os métodos analítico sintético e histórico-lógico, métodos empíricos, como análise de documentos, observação e entrevistas, que possibilitaram o registro de informações diretamente dos sujeitos investigados, e oficinas com técnicas de brainstorming na dinâmica da pesquisa. Os resultados foram estruturados na fundamentação dos elementos conceituais necessários para esclarecer o objeto de estudo, principais necessidades e potencialidades da área montanhosa estudada, bem como ações de resiliência agroflorestal, que permitiram maior participação pública no contexto comunitário na gestão de seus recursos naturais, visando contribuir para o cumprimento dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (Agenda 2030) e um dos eixos estratégicos dentro do Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social de Cuba.

Resumen Las zonas montañosas enfrentan diversas problemáticas como la degradación ambiental, la desforestación, la expansión agrícola no sostenible, la erosión del suelo, unido a la pérdida de conocimientos tradicionales, entre otros, por lo que se ha convertido en centro de preocupación y reflexión tanto del discurso teórico como práctico, debido a su deterioro ambiental, económico y social que han experimentado. La Educación Superior en Cuba juega un papel muy importante ante estas problemáticas, al contribuir con la vía científica, a su solución. La siguiente investigación original tiene como objetivo implementar acciones de resiliencia agroforestal en zonas montañosas desde proyectos comunitarios con el Centro Universitario Municipal de Remedios en la provincia de Villa Clara, Cuba. La metodología utilizada fue la investigación acción participación, se emplearon métodos teóricos como el analítico sintético y el histórico lógico, empíricos como el análisis de documentos, la observación, entrevistas, que permitieron registrar la información directamente de los sujetos investigados y los talleres con técnicas de lluvia de ideas en la dinámica de la investigación. Los resultados han quedado estructurados en la fundamentación de los elementos conceptuales necesarios para esclarecer el objeto de estudio, principales necesidades y potencialidades de la zona montañosa estudiada, así como acciones de resiliencia agroforestal, que permitieron una mayor participación pública en el contexto comunitario en la gestión de sus recursos naturales, orientado a contribuir al cumplimiento de los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible (Agenda 2030) y uno de los ejes estratégicos dentro del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo Económico y Social de Cuba.

Abstract In the complex context in which Cuba's tourism activity is developing, it is necessary to adjust the sector's management to international trends in order to increase the country's competitiveness as a destination. In recent years, it has been pointed out that there is a lack, at the country level, of studies linked to the strategic and integrated planning of the sector. In this scenario, and as part of the project: Development and Competitiveness of the Cuban tourist product, the present research is developed with the objective of designing strategic guidelines for the management of Cuban tourist destinations. In the same, a previous stage linked to the theoretical-conceptual study and the description of the elements linked to tourism in the destination was developed. Subsequently, three stages were developed using methods and techniques such as bibliographic analysis, surveys to experts and discussion groups. This made it possible to present the situational analysis of Cuba in terms of the management of its destinations, future perspectives, good practices of two of the countries that constitute direct competition, as well as to formulate a total of five strategic objectives and 30 guidelines to be taken into account for the design of strategies. The study highlights the need to recognize and assume the management of destinations from the territory.

Resumo No complexo contexto em que se desenvolve a atividade turística cubana, é necessário adaptar a gestão do setor às tendências internacionais para aumentar a competitividade do país como destino. Nos últimos anos, tem sido apontada a falta de estudos ligados ao planejamento estratégico e integrado do setor em nível nacional. Nesse cenário, e como parte do projeto: Desenvolvimento e competitividade do produto turístico cubano, esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de elaborar diretrizes estratégicas para a gestão dos destinos turísticos cubanos. Uma etapa preliminar envolveu um estudo teórico-conceitual e uma descrição dos elementos ligados ao turismo no destino. Posteriormente, foram desenvolvidas três etapas utilizando métodos e técnicas como análise bibliográfica, pesquisas com especialistas e grupos de discussão. Isso permitiu apresentar a análise situacional de Cuba em termos de gestão de seus destinos, perspectivas futuras, boas práticas de dois dos países que constituem a concorrência direta, bem como formular um total de cinco objetivos estratégicos e 30 diretrizes a serem levadas em conta para a elaboração de estratégias. O estudo destaca a necessidade de reconhecer e assumir a gestão dos destinos a partir do território.

Resumen En el complejo contexto en que se desarrolla la actividad turística cubana, se hace necesario atemperar la gestión del sector a las tendencias internacionales para con ello elevar la competitividad del destino país. En los últimos años, se ha señalado que se carece, a nivel de país, de estudios vinculados con la planeación estratégica e integrada del sector. En este escenario, y como parte del proyecto: Desarrollo y Competitividad del producto turístico cubano, se desarrolla la presente investigación con el objetivo de diseñar las pautas estratégicas para la gestión de los destinos turísticos cubanos. En la misma se desarrolló una etapa previa vinculada con el estudio teórico-conceptual y la descripción de los elementos vinculados al turismo en el destino. Posteriormente, se desarrollaron tres etapas donde fueron utilizados métodos y técnicas como análisis bibliográfico, encuestas a expertos y grupos de discusión. Lo anterior permitió exponer el análisis situacional de Cuba en cuanto a la gestión de sus destinos, perspectivas futuras, buenas prácticas de dos de los países que constituyen competencia directa, así como formular un total de cinco objetivos estratégicos y 30 pautas a tener en cuenta para el diseño de estrategias. En el estudio realizado sobresale la necesidad de que se reconozca y asuma la gestión de los destinos desde el territorio.