This research aims to develop a precise and efficient dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPE) technique using third-generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer-grafted nanoparticles to quantify benzoylurea pesticides in green tea, black tea, and oolong tea infusions. The extraction efficiency is optimized through single-factor adjustments of key parameters, including adsorbent quantity (5-20 mg), adsorption duration (5-20 min), desorbent identity (methanol, acetonitrile), volume (100-600 μL), sodium chloride concentration (0-10%, m/v), and sample solution pH (3-8). The optimized method demonstrates linearity in the range of 2-500 μg L-1, with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 0.6-1.5 μg L-1 and limits of quantification (LOQs) from 2.0 5.0 μg L-1. Recovery rates of 81.2-96.0% are achieved, with intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.4-2.8% and inter-day relative standard deviations of 2.0-3.9%, indicating high accuracy and repeatability. The successful application of detecting residues in commercial tea samples underscores the strong potential of the technique to determine benzoylurea analyte levels. solidphase solid phase DSPE (DSPE thirdgeneration third generation PAMAM (PAMAM dendrimergrafted dendrimer grafted infusions singlefactor single factor parameters 520 5 20 (5-2 mg, mg , mg) min, min min) methanol, methanol (methanol acetonitrile, acetonitrile acetonitrile) 100600 100 600 (100-60 μL, μL μL) 010%, 010 0 10%, 10 (0-10% m/v, mv m/v m v m/v) 38. 38 3 8 . (3-8) 2500 2 500 2-50 L1, L1 L 1, 1 LODs (LODs 0.61.5 0615 0.6 1.5 6 0.6-1. L- LOQs (LOQs 2. 50 5. L1. 1. 81.296.0% 812960 81.2 96.0% 81 96 81.2-96.0 achieved intraday intra day RSDs (RSDs 1.42.8% 1428 1.4 2.8% 4 1.4-2.8 interday inter 2.03.9%, 2039 3.9%, 9 2.0-3.9% repeatability levels 52 (5- 10060 60 (100-6 010% 01 10% (0-10 (3-8 250 2-5 61 0.61. 061 06 0. 15 0.6-1 296 81.296.0 81296 812 81. 960 96.0 81.2-96. 42 1.42.8 142 14 28 2.8 1.4-2. 03 2.03.9% 203 39 3.9% 2.0-3.9 (5 1006 (100- (0-1 (3- 25 2- 0.61 0.6- 29 81.296. 8129 96. 81.2-96 1.42. 1.4-2 2.03.9 3.9 2.0-3. ( (100 (0- (3 81.296 81.2-9 1.42 1.4- 2.03. 3. 2.0-3 (10 (0 81.29 81.2- 2.03 2.0- (1

RESUMEN: Se realizó un estudio sobre la relación entre el valor de la Unidad Hounsfield (HU) de corte único del húmero proximal chino y la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) mediante TC de tórax de rutina y absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual (DEXA). Se recopilaron datos de 240 personas que se sometieron a DEXA y tomografías computarizadas de rutina de tórax (incluidas imágenes completas del húmero proximal) el mismo día en 967 hospitales entre enero de 2019 y diciembre de 2021. El método para medir los valores de HU de un solo corte del húmero proximal en las tomografías computarizadas de tórax mostraron alta confiabilidad y repetibilidad (coeficiente de correlación intraclase > 0,961, P < 0,001). Se observó una fuerte correlación positiva entre los valores de HU de un solo corte del húmero proximal y los resultados de DEXA, demostrando el valor de HU de 20 mm la correlación más alta. En diferentes grupos de IMC, el área bajo la curva (AUC) para el valor HU de 20 mm fue consistentemente el más grande (AUC = 0,701-0,813, P <0,05). Por lo tanto, el valor de HU de 20 mm puede considerarse una referencia fiable para el cribado oportunista de DMO baja, con valores de referencia de -4 HU para personas con bajo peso, -13 HU para personas con peso normal, -7 HU para personas con sobrepeso y -16 HU para personas obesas. Los valores por debajo de estos umbrales indican un riesgo de DMO baja. Este estudio es un aporte para los datos chinos sobre la DMO y ofrece un enfoque rápido y eficaz para detectar de forma oportunista la DMO baja.

SUMMARY: A Study on Relationship between Single-Slice Hounsfield Unit(HU) value of the Chinese proximal humerus and Bone Mineral Density(BMD) Using Routine Chest CT and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DEXA) was performed. Data were collected from 240 individuals who underwent DEXA and routine chest CT scans (including full images of the proximal humerus) on the same day at 967 Hospitals between January 2019 and December 2021. The method of measuring single-slice HU values of the proximal humerus on routine chest CT scans exhibited high reliability and repeatability (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.961, P < 0.001). A strong positive correlation was observed between single-slice HU values of the proximal humerus and DEXA results, with the 20-mm HU value demonstrating the highest correlation. Across different BMI groups, the Area Under Curve (AUC) for the 20-mm HU value was consistently the largest (AUC=0.701- 0.813, P< 0.05). Therefore, the 20-mm HU value can be considered a reliable reference for the opportunistic screening of low BMD, with reference values of -4HU for underweight individuals, -13HU for normal weight individuals, -7HU for overweight individuals, and -16HU for obese individuals. Values below these thresholds indicate a risk of low BMD. This study enriches the Chinese BMD data and offers a swift and effective approach for opportunistically screening low BMD.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The validation of analytical methods ensures the reproducibility of data, when it is desired to perform the quantification of a product, using methodologies different from those established in official documents. Objective: Validate an analytical method by UV Vis spectrophotometry for the quantification of total alkaloids. Methods: A galenic preparation containing 0.1% of belladonna extract was used to determine the validation parameters using a UV-visible spectrophotometric method at 435 nm, based on the precipitation of alkaloids by interaction with the Dragendorff's reagent. Specificity used a concentration of 100%, while linearity required samples of 80%, 90%, 100%, 110% and 120%; and, in the case of the range, at 80% and 120%. Precision evaluated repeatability at 80%, 100% and 120%, and intermediate precision required a 100% sample considering inter-analyst, inter-team and inter-day conditions. Finally, in accuracy, concentrations of 80%, 100% and 120%; and, for robustness, a 100% sample was analyzed to determine pH variation and centrifugation speed. Results: The selectivity obtained acceptable values in both the matrix and the elaborated product, the linearity presented correlation and determination coefficients close to 1, and the concentration range was between 40 - 60 mg/L. Accuracy, precision and robustness had a variability of less than 2%. Conclusions: The UV Vis spectrophotometric method is selective, linear, exact, precise and robust; it is reliable in the determination of precipitable alkaloids.

RESUMEN Introducción: La validación de métodos analíticos asegura la reproducibilidad de datos cuando se desea realizar la cuantificación de un producto, mediante metodologías diferentes a las establecidas en documentos oficiales. Objetivo: Validar un método analítico por espectrofotometría ultravioleta-visible para la cuantificación de alcaloides totales. Métodos: Se utilizó un preparado galénico que contiene 0,1 % de extracto de belladona para determinar los parámetros de validación mediante un método espectrofotométrico ultravioleta-visible a 435 nm, a partir de la precipitación de alcaloides por la interacción con el reactivo de Dragendorff. La especificidad utilizó una concentración de 100 %, mientras, linealidad requirió muestras de 80 %, 90 %, 100 %, 110 % y 120 %; y, en el caso del rango, al 80 % y 120 %. La precisión evaluó la repetibilidad al 80 %, 100 % y 120 %, y, la precisión intermedia requirió una muestra al 100 % considerando condiciones interanalistas, interequipos e interdías. Finalmente, en exactitud, concentraciones de 80 %, 100 % y 120 %; y, en robustez se analizó una muestra al 100 % para determinar variación de pH y velocidad de centrifugación. Resultados: La selectividad obtuvo valores aceptables tanto en la matriz como el producto elaborado, la linealidad presentó coeficientes de correlación y determinación próximos a 1, y el rango de concentración se encontró entre 40 - 60 mg/L. Exactitud, precisión y robustez tuvieron una variabilidad menor al 2 %. Conclusiones: El método espectrofotométrico ultravioleta-visible es selectivo, lineal, exacto, preciso y robusto; es confiable en la determinación de alcaloides precipitables.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La cría de búfalas de agua para la producción de leche alcanza 41 años en el panorama pecuario cubano. Objetivos. Se realizó un análisis del comportamiento lechero, en diferentes rebaños del país y se compararon con el de la empresa Los Naranjos, se analizó el comportamiento de la Habilidad Productiva Más Probable (HPMP) y se estimaron componentes genéticos para diferentes rasgos lecheros de las búfalas pertenecientes a esa empresa en particular. Métodos: Un total de 24 907 lactancias de diferentes rebaños del país y 6 498 de la Empresa Los Naranjos que ocurrieron entre 2013 a 2020, se estudiaron mediante modelos lineales multicarácter con efectos aleatorios de padre y de la hembra que produce el registro, modelos para estimar algunos factores ambientales y genéticos que afectan la producción de leche a 100 días (L100); 200 días (L200), leche total (Ltot) y la duración de la lactancia (Dlac). Resultados: Las hembras que parieron en el año 2020 produjeron -62,1 kg y -96,2 kg de L200 y Ltot respectivamente respecto a las paridas en 2013, aun cuando la Dlac se incrementó en 15 días en el mismo periodo. Se manifestó una amplia variabilidad en la habilidad productiva más probable (HPMP), pero la evolución de este indicador en función del año de nacimiento de las búfalas fue prácticamente nula, indicando la poca presión de selección ejercida en la crianza de esta especie. Los estimados de repetibilidad (() estuvieron entre 0,372 a 0,397 para L100; L200 y Ltot, magnitudes prácticamente dos veces superiores en la empresa Los Naranjos respecto al resto del país. Los estimados de heredabilidad (h2) estuvieron entre ≈0.217±0.01 y 0.166±0,02 para L100; L200 y Ltot respectivamente con correlaciones genéticas superiores a 0,961. A partir de las diferencias esperadas en las progenies (DEP) se constató que las hijas de los mejores 20 sementales alcanzaron un DEP de +37,6±12,9 kg en L200 y +42,5±15,7 kg para Ltot. Conclusiones: Los indicadores bajo estudio no presentaron una evolución favorable, no obstante, se evidencian posibilidades para el trabajo de selección y mejora.

ABSTRACT Background: The breeding of water buffaloes for milk production reaches 41 years in the Cuban livestock panorama. Objective. An analysis of dairy behavior was carried out in different herds in the country and compared with that of the Los Naranjos enterprise, the behavior of the Most Probable Productive Ability (HPMP) was analyzed and genetic components were estimated for different dairy traits of the buffaloes belonging to that particular company. Methods: A total of 24 907 lactations from different herds in the country and 6 498 from the Los Naranjos company that occurred between 2013 to 2020, were studied using multicharacter linear models with random effects of father and the female that produces the record, models to estimate some environmental factors. and genetics that affect milk production at 100 days (L100); 200 days (L200), total milk (Ltot) and the duration of lactation (Dlac). Results: The females that gave birth in 2020 produced -62,1 kg and -96,2 kg of L200 and Ltot respectively compared to those that gave birth in 2013, even though Dlac increased by 15 days in the same period. A wide variability was manifested in the most probable productive ability (HPMP), but the evolution of this indicator depending on the year of birth of the buffaloes was practically null, indicating the little selection pressure exerted in the breeding of this species. Repeatability estimates (() were between 0,372 to 0,397 for L100; L200 and Ltot, magnitudes practically twice as high in the Los Naranjos company compared to the rest of the country. Heritability estimates (h2) were between ≈0,217±0,01 and 0,166±0,02 for L100; L200 and Ltot respectively with genetic correlations greater than 0,961. From the expected differences in the progenies (DEP), it was found that the daughters of the best 20 sires reached an EPD of +37,6±12.9 kg in L200 and +42,5±15,7 kg for Ltot. Conclusions: The indicators under study did not present a favorable evolution, however, possibilities for selection and improvement work are evident.

ABSTRACT The application of leaf area index (LAI) in coffee crop management depends on the availability of methodologies for proper estimation. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology for the visual assessment of LAI in coffee fields and to establish a protocol for training, evaluation, and feedback for evaluators. Four rounds of LAI measurements were conducted using visual estimates, two instruments (LAI 2200-C and AccuPAR LP-80), and defoliation of coffee hedgerows in Poás, Costa Rica. In each round, five workers visually estimated the LAI values on two occasions separated by 15 days, and feedback reinforcement was provided to each worker at the end of each round. Visual assessments showed high repeatability and reproducibility and the estimates were adjusted to the linear regression model in most cases. Evaluators improved their capacity to visually assess the LAI throughout the rounds, as the value of R2increased consistently for most workers, with values as high as 0.87. Instrumentation evaluation of LAI produced R2values of 0.5-0.6, with significant underestimation bias. The performance of the different methods is discussed in the context of widely spaced hedgerows. The proposed visual methodology constitutes a statistically sound, rapid, simple, and reliable method for determining the LAI of coffee fields to aid in decision-making for crop management. estimation training evaluators 2200C C 2200 LP80, LP80 LP 80 , LP-80) Poás Rica round 1 days cases Rincreased R increased 087 0 87 0.87 Rvalues 0.50.6, 0506 0.5 0.6, 5 6 0.5-0.6 bias sound rapid simple decisionmaking decision making 220 LP8 8 LP-80 08 0.8 50 0.50.6 050 05 0. 06 0.6 0.5-0. 22 LP-8 0.50. 0.5-0 2 LP- 0.50 0.5-

RESUMO A aplicação do índice de área foliar (IAF) na gestão da cultura do cafeeiro depende da disponibilidade de metodologias para sua estimativa correta. É proposta aqui uma metodologia para a avaliação visual do IAF em plantas de café, por tanto se estabelece um protocolo para o treinamento dos avaliadores. Foram feitas quatro rodadas de medições do IAF utilizando estimativas visuais, dois instrumentos (LAI 2200-C e AccuPAR LP-80), e desfolhações de sebes de café na Costa Rica. A cada rodada, cinco trabalhadores estimaram visualmente os valores do IAF em duas ocasiões e separados por 15 dias. Ao final de cada rodada, foi dada uma retroalimentação a cada trabalhador. A avaliação visual mostrou alta repetibilidade e reprodutibilidade, e as estimativas foram ajustadas para o modelo de regressão linear na maioria dos casos. Os avaliadores melhoraram sua capacidade de avaliar visualmente o IAF ao longo das rodadas, e o valor de R2 aumentou consistentemente para a maioria dos trabalhadores, com valores tão altos quanto 0,87. A avaliação do IAF por instrumentos produziu valores de R2 de 0,5-0,6, com significativa tendência de subestimação, e não se ajustou ao modelo de regressão linear. O desempenho dos diferentes métodos é discutido no contexto de coberturas com amplo espaço. A metodologia visual proposta constitui uma determinação sólida, rápida, simples e confiável do IAF na lavoura do café e considera-se uma ajuda na tomada de decisões para a gestão da safra. (IAF correta visuais LAI 2200C C 2200 LP80, LP80 LP 80 , LP-80) Rica rodada 1 dias trabalhador reprodutibilidade casos R 087 0 87 0,87 0,50,6, 0506 0,5 0,6, 5 6 0,5-0,6 subestimação espaço sólida rápida considerase considera safra 220 LP8 8 LP-80 08 0,8 50 0,50,6 050 05 0, 06 0,6 0,5-0, 22 LP-8 0,50, 0,5-0 2 LP- 0,50 0,5-

ABSTRACT During experiment planning, determining the number of replicates for tested treatments is important because it directly affects the accuracy of the obtained results. This study was conducted to determine the number of measurements (repetitions) necessary to evaluate the yield traits and soluble solids in Cantaloupe and Gália melon hybrid trials. The study comprised twenty-one experiments, nine for evaluating eight Cantaloupe melon hybrids, and twelve for evaluating nine Galia melon hybrids, conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates each. Analysis of variance was performed, and repeatability and genotypic determination coefficients were estimated for each experiment. The use of three repetitions allowed identification of superior genotypes with 83.6 and 80.7% predictions of the real values for the yield and soluble solids, respectively, for Cantaloupe melons. Evaluating the trials with Galia melon using three repetitions allowed prediction of the true value of the genotypes with 86.1 and 98.6% accuracy for fruit yield and soluble solids, respectively. Therefore, the use of three replicates was determined to be sufficient for detecting superior genotypes both for fruit yield and soluble solid content, with more than 80% certainty for their true values. planning results (repetitions twentyone twenty one experiments hybrids performed 836 83 6 83. 807 80 7 80.7 respectively melons 861 86 1 86. 986 98 98.6 Therefore content 8 80. 9 98.

ABSTRACT. Although acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a tropical fruit of high interest due to its high ascorbic acid content and attractive sensory attributes, fruit production is characterized by high genetic variability. Additionally, the use of new biometric tools for acerola breeding is scarce. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability, as well as determine the optimal number of fruits for quality trait analyses in different acerola genotypes, using different approaches. Twenty-three (Experiment I) and thirty-five (Experiment II) genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replicates and three plants per plot. Twenty fruits per plant were harvested and evaluated for the following quality traits: diameter, mass, skin color (lightness, chroma and hue), firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and ascorbic acid content. The genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability were estimated for each experiment using classical and Bayesian methods. Both approaches achieved similar results on estimating variance components, genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability. Genetic parameters showed favorable conditions for acerola selection. The coefficient of repeatability was high for all acerola quality traits. A total of 17 fruits are required for the effective selection of acerola genotypes with an accuracy of 95%. ABSTRACT Malpighia DC. DC attributes variability Additionally scarce Twentythree Experiment I thirtyfive thirty five II plot traits diameter mass lightness, lightness (lightness hue, hue , hue) firmness SS, SS (SS) TA, TA (TA) SSTA ratio methods components 1 95 95% (SS (TA 9

Controlling the chemical parameters of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process is essential for the bioconversion of organic matter to methane; among these parameters include the presence and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). It is thus necessary to use efficient analytical methods that are capable of identifying and quantifying VFAs in reactor effluents in order to obtain an immediate response to their conditions. In this study, the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method was optimized and validated - through an adaptation of the official method, using acetone and KHSO4, and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was used for the determination of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric and valeric acids present in the effluents. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained were 1.2-2.5 mg L-1 and 1.9-3.7 mg L-1, respectively, for all analytes. These low LODs and LOQs are essentially important because the presence of isobutyric and isovaleric acids above 5.0 mg can be considered indicative of imbalances in AD. The proposed method, which presented satisfactory results with good repeatability (4.2-20.7%) and recovery (90.9-104.0%) rates, was applied for the analysis of effluent samples from three continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR). AD (AD methane VFAs. . (VFAs) conditions study liquidliquid liquid LLE (LLE KHSO4 KHSO GCFID GC FID (GC-FID acetic propionic butyric LOD (LOD LOQ (LOQ 1.22.5 1225 1.2 2.5 1 2 5 1.2-2. L1 L L- 1.93.7 1937 1.9 3.7 9 3 7 1.9-3. L1, 1, respectively analytes 50 0 5. 4.220.7% 42207 4.2 20.7% 4 20 (4.2-20.7% 90.9104.0% 9091040 90.9 104.0% 90 104 (90.9-104.0% rates stirredtank stirred tank CSTR. CSTR (CSTR) (VFAs 22 1.22. 122 12 1. 25 2. 1.2-2 93 1.93. 193 19 37 3. 1.9-3 220 4.220.7 4220 42 4. 207 20.7 (4.2-20.7 9104 90.9104.0 909104 909 90. 1040 104.0 10 (90.9-104.0 (CSTR 1.22 1.2- 1.93 1.9- 4.220. 422 20. (4.2-20. 910 90.9104. 90910 104. (90.9-104. 4.220 (4.2-20 91 90.9104 9091 (90.9-104 4.22 (4.2-2 90.910 (90.9-10 (4.2- 90.91 (90.9-1 (4.2 (90.9- (4. (90.9 (4 (90. ( (90 (9

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and the repeatability coefficient and to select clones of elephant grass from full-sib families. Fifteen clones and two commercial controls were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. Three measurements were taken at regular 10-month intervals. Genotypic variance was significant. The observed heritability based on the mean of the genotypes (0.58), coupled with the results of repeatability (0.53) and selection accuracy (0.76), demonstrates that the genotypes performance is constant between measurements. Thus, only three measurements are necessary to reliably select genotypes and obtain real genetic gains with selection. Among the 15 clones evaluated, six showed higher new means than those of the BRS Capiaçu and BRS Canará controls and can be used as parents and/or to compose value for cultivation and use experiments aimed at the release of cultivars for bioenergy production. fullsib full sib families replications 10month month 10 intervals significant 0.58, 058 0.58 , 0 58 (0.58) 0.53 053 53 (0.53 0.76, 076 0.76 76 (0.76) Thus 1 andor or production 05 0.5 5 (0.58 (0.5 07 0.7 7 (0.76 0. (0. (0.7 (0 (

Accurate nanoparticle characterization is essential since it can significantly affect its physicochemical and biological properties. Among physicochemical properties used to characterize nanomaterials, size and size distribution are essential and should be assessed before surveying poisonousness or biocompatibility. Several methods are suitable to evaluate these characteristics including the dynamic light scattering. The aims of the present paper were to propose a methodology to measure nanoparticle size and present the estimation of the particle size uncertainty using the dynamic light scattering technique. The reliability of measurements was ensured by a series of handling precautions and quality criteria for good measurements to be applied for methodology validation using reference material polyvinylpyrrolidone coated silver nanoparticles. The identification and quantification of input quantities to the measurement uncertainties were estimated. The uncertainty concerning the equipment was 1.2% while the repeatability obtained was 1.4%, within the range of values stipulated in the reference standard (less than 5%). The relative standard uncertainties of trueness and repeatability were below the thresholds defined by the International Organization for Standardization. The result of the expanded uncertainty was 3.9% with 95% coverage probability for the reference material. nanomaterials biocompatibility technique nanoparticles estimated 12 1 2 1.2 14 4 1.4% less 5%. 5 5% . 5%) Standardization 39 3 9 3.9 95 1. 1.4 3.

ABSTRACT. Determining the number of replicates required to produce statistically testable results based on previously conducted tests is important to minimize labor costs via the use of existing information. The objective of this work was to determine the number of repetitions necessary to evaluate the characters of productivity and soluble solids in hybrids of two types of Inodorus melons. The study consisted of 20 experiments: 12 evaluated 10 hybrids of honeydew melons and 8 evaluated 13 hybrids of yellow melons. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with three replicates. Analysis of variance was performed to estimate the repeatability and genotypic determination coefficients. Variability in accurately predicting the genotype was observed for different number of repetitions between the evaluated characters and melon types. In the yellow melon, experiments with three repetitions allowed the accurate identification of superior genotypes with 81.1 and 61.9% certainty for productivity and soluble solids, respectively. In the honeydew melon, 62.4 and 71.2% accuracy was obtained for productivity and soluble solids, respectively. ABSTRACT information 2 1 coefficients 811 81 81. 619 61 9 61.9 respectively 624 62 4 62. 712 71 71.2 6 61. 7 71.

Abstract The prompt and accurate diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks is crucial to curb the swift transmission of its causative agent, the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which poses a substantial threat to the nation’s livestock. This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of various RT-qPCR methods for the detection of FMDV. The methods evaluated for the 3D region demonstrated similar sensitivity and specificity. Nevertheless, noticeable distinctions emerged in samples with low RNA concentration. While these methods can be interchangeably utilized with consistent outcomes when handling a large number of samples sent to the laboratory to pinpoint an outbreak, minor variations may assume significance when working with a limited quantity of samples containing low FMDV RNA copies. footandmouth foot mouth agent FMDV, , (FMDV) nations nation s livestock RTqPCR RT qPCR D specificity Nevertheless concentration outbreak copies (FMDV

Resumo O diagnóstico rápido e preciso de surtos de febre aftosa é crucial para conter a rápida transmissão de seu agente causador, o vírus da febre aftosa (FMDV), que representa uma ameaça significativa ao gado do país. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma análise comparativa de vários métodos de RT-qPCR para a detecção do FMDV. Os métodos avaliados para a região 3D demonstraram sensibilidade e especificidade semelhantes. No entanto, foram observadas diferenças notáveis em amostras com baixa concentração de RNA. Embora esses métodos possam ser utilizados de forma intercambiável com resultados consistentes ao lidar com um grande número de amostras enviadas ao laboratório para identificar um surto, variações sutis podem assumir importância ao trabalhar com uma quantidade limitada de amostras contendo baixas cópias de RNA do FMDV. causador FMDV, FMDV , (FMDV) país RTqPCR RT qPCR D semelhantes entanto surto (FMDV

RESUMO As ovelhas da raça Junín contribuem para a produção pecuária nos Andes peruanos, mas enfrentam problemas relacionados ao parasitismo gastrointestinal. Neste estudo, estimamos a herdabilidade e a repetibilidade de características associadas à resistência ao parasitismo gastrointestinal no núcleo genético de ovinos da raça Junín criados a altitudes superiores a 3600 m. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras de fezes e sangue de 101 cordeiras e 88 cordeiros (com idades entre 4 e 6 meses) durante as estações chuvosa e seca. Os dados de peso vivo (LW), escore FAMACHA (FS), hematócrito sanguíneo (HCT) e contagem de ovos nas fezes (FEC) foram analisados usando um modelo animal multicaracterística de medidas repetidas, os componentes de variância e os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados por meio de uma abordagem inferencial bayesiana. Os resultados mostraram que as estimativas de herdabilidade variaram de 0,09 (FS) a 0,27 (LW), com intervalos de densidade posterior alta de 95% (HPD95%) entre [0,02-0,19] e [0,12-0,43], respectivamente. A repetibilidade variou de 0,15 (FS) [HPD95%: 0,04-0,27] a 0,74 (LW) [HPD95%: 0,67-0,81]. As correlações genéticas foram moderadas a baixas, com intervalos HPD95% incluindo zero. Isso indicou que, pelo menos com base nos dados coletados, não ocorreram relações claras entre as características selecionadas para aplicação em um programa de melhoramento genético. No entanto, focar o programa de melhoramento na FEC, com herdabilidade de 0,16 [HPD95%: 0,05-0,28], pode ser uma estratégia viável para aumentar a resistência ao parasitismo. Dados adicionais sobre outras características também são necessários para alcançar estimativas mais precisas para esta população. peruanos estudo 360 m isso 10 8 meses seca LW, LW , FS, FS HCT (HCT FEC (FEC repetidas bayesiana 009 0 09 0,0 (FS 027 27 0,2 95 HPD95 HPD (HPD95% 0,020,19 002019 0,02 0,19 02 19 [0,02-0,19 0,120,43, 012043 0,12 0,43 12 43 [0,12-0,43] respectivamente 015 15 0,1 [HPD95% 0,040,27 004027 0,04 04 0,04-0,27 074 74 0,7 (LW 0,670,81. 067081 0,67 0,81 . 67 81 0,67-0,81] baixas zero coletados entanto 016 16 0,050,28, 005028 0,05 0,28 05 28 0,05-0,28] população 36 1 00 0, 2 9 HPD9 (HPD95 020 0,020,1 00201 002 019 [0,02-0,1 120 0,120,43 01204 012 043 0,4 [0,12-0,43 01 [HPD95 040 0,040,2 00402 004 0,04-0,2 07 7 670 0,670,81 06708 067 0,6 081 0,8 0,67-0,81 050 0,050,28 00502 005 028 0,05-0,28 3 (HPD9 0,020, 0020 [0,02-0, 0,120,4 0120 [0,12-0,4 [HPD9 0,040, 0040 0,04-0, 0,670,8 0670 06 08 0,67-0,8 0,050,2 0050 0,05-0,2 (HPD 0,020 [0,02-0 0,120, [0,12-0, [HPD 0,040 0,04-0 0,670, 0,67-0, 0,050, 0,05-0, [0,02- 0,120 [0,12-0 0,04- 0,670 0,67-0 0,050 0,05-0 [0,02 [0,12- 0,67- 0,05- [0,0 [0,12 [0, [0,1 [0 [

ABSTRACT The Junín sheep contribute to livestock production in the Peruvian Andes, but face problems related to gastrointestinal parasitism. In this study, we estimated the heritability and repeatability of traits associated with resistance to gastrointestinal parasitism in the genetic nucleus of Junín sheep raised at altitudes above 3600 m. For this purpose, fecal and blood samples were collected from 101 female lambs and 88 male lambs (4-6 months old) during the rainy and dry seasons. The data on live weight (LW), the FAMACHA score (FS), blood hematocrit (HCT), and the fecal egg count (FEC) were analyzed using a repeated multiple-trait animal model; the variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using a Bayesian inferential approach. The results showed that heritability estimates ranged from 0.09 (FS) to 0.27 (LW), with 95% high posterior density intervals (HPD95%) between [0.02-0.19] and [0.12-0.43], respectively. The repeatability ranged from 0.15 (FS) [HPD95%: 0.04-0.27] to 0.74 (LW) [HPD95%: 0.67-0.81]. The genetic correlations were moderate to low, with HPD95% intervals including zero. This indicated that, at least based on the data collected, no clear relationships occurred between traits that were selected for application in a breeding program. However, focusing the breeding program on the FEC, with a heritability of 0.16 [HPD95%: 0.05-0.28], could be a viable strategy to increase resistance to parasitism. Additional data on other traits are also needed to achieve more precise estimates for this population. Andes study 360 m purpose 10 8 46 4 6 (4- old seasons LW, LW , FS, FS HCT, HCT (HCT) FEC (FEC multipletrait multiple trait model approach 009 0 09 0.0 (FS 027 27 0.2 95 HPD95 HPD (HPD95% 0.020.19 002019 0.02 0.19 02 19 [0.02-0.19 0.120.43, 012043 0.12 0.43 12 43 [0.12-0.43] respectively 015 15 0.1 [HPD95% 0.040.27 004027 0.04 04 0.04-0.27 074 74 0.7 (LW 0.670.81. 067081 0.67 0.81 . 67 81 0.67-0.81] low zero However 016 16 0.050.28, 005028 0.05 0.28 05 28 0.05-0.28] population 36 1 (4 (HCT 00 0. 2 9 HPD9 (HPD95 020 0.020.1 00201 002 019 [0.02-0.1 120 0.120.43 01204 012 043 0.4 [0.12-0.43 01 [HPD95 040 0.040.2 00402 004 0.04-0.2 07 7 670 0.670.81 06708 067 0.6 081 0.8 0.67-0.81 050 0.050.28 00502 005 028 0.05-0.28 3 ( (HPD9 0.020. 0020 [0.02-0. 0.120.4 0120 [0.12-0.4 [HPD9 0.040. 0040 0.04-0. 0.670.8 0670 06 08 0.67-0.8 0.050.2 0050 0.05-0.2 (HPD 0.020 [0.02-0 0.120. [0.12-0. [HPD 0.040 0.04-0 0.670. 0.67-0. 0.050. 0.05-0. [0.02- 0.120 [0.12-0 0.04- 0.670 0.67-0 0.050 0.05-0 [0.02 [0.12- 0.67- 0.05- [0.0 [0.12 [0. [0.1 [0 [

Abstract The technique of electromagnetic characterization of materials in free space allows for the measurement of constitutive properties without making contact with the material being measured. Characterization methods in Free Space are naturally suited for Electromagnetic Radiation Absorbing Materials (RAM) but are also important in applications where the material sample to be measured does not undergo major interventions. They consist of evaluating a received signal resulting from a free-space transmission through two horn antennas with beam collimating lenses and a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The characteristics of the transmitted signal are modified by a material positioned between the transmitting and receiving antennas. This work presents methods for electromagnetic characterization in Free Space, in the frequency range of 8.2 to 12.4 GHz (X-Band), in a semi-anechoic chamber, seeking the development of measurement processes that present results with repeatability and reliability. The measurements were made with standard and electromagnetic radiation absorbing materials. The measurement technique presented 95% of efficiency. RAM (RAM interventions freespace VNA. VNA . (VNA) 82 8 2 8. 124 12 4 12. XBand, XBand X Band , (X-Band) semianechoic semi anechoic chamber reliability 95 efficiency (VNA 1 (X-Band 9

A method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of pesticides carbendazim (CBZ), diuron (DI) and carbofuran (CF) in surface water using a sustainable, handmade, and low-cost composite electrode (CE) based on graphite and polycaprolactone (PCL). The cyclic voltammetric (CV) results showed a quasi-reversible oxidation peak for CBZ around +0.76 V, and an irreversible oxidation peak for DI and CF at +0.88 and +1.32 V, respectively. Under optimized conditions, the anodic peak currents were proportional over ranges of 5.0-1059.0 µg L−1 for the binary analysis of CBZ and DI, with detection limits of 4.0 and 18.0 µg L−1, and limits of quantitation of 13.0 and 55.0 µg L−1, respectively. The proposed electrochemical method also exhibited good repeatability (n = 10) and intermediate precision (n = 3), with a relative standard deviation of 5%. In addition, the method successfully determined CBZ and DI in surface water samples without any sample pretreatment. Comparison with the reference chromatographic method ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) showed no significant differences at a 95% confidence level, demonstrating the applicability of the method. Additionally, the composite electrode offers advantages such as low cost, easy manufacturing, and simple operation. CBZ, , (CBZ) (DI (CF sustainable handmade lowcost cost CE (CE PCL. PCL . (PCL) CV (CV quasireversible quasi reversible 076 0 76 +0.7 V 088 88 +0.8 132 1 32 +1.3 respectively conditions 5.01059.0 5010590 5.0 1059.0 5 1059 5.0-1059. L1 L L− 40 4 4. 180 18 18. 130 13 13. 550 55 55. n 10 3, 3 3) 5% addition pretreatment ultrahigh ultra high UHPLCMS/MS UHPLCMSMS UHPLC MS/MS MS (UHPLC-MS/MS 95 level Additionally manufacturing operation (CBZ (PCL 07 7 +0. 08 8 +1. 01059 5.01059. 501059 50 5. 10590 1059. 105 5.0-1059 UHPLCMS MSMS 9 +0 +1 0105 5.01059 50105 5.0-105 + 010 5.0105 5010 5.0-10 01 5.010 501 5.0-1 5.01 5.0-