RESUMEN Antecedentes: La cría de búfalas de agua para la producción de leche alcanza 41 años en el panorama pecuario cubano. Objetivos. Se realizó un análisis del comportamiento lechero, en diferentes rebaños del país y se compararon con el de la empresa Los Naranjos, se analizó el comportamiento de la Habilidad Productiva Más Probable (HPMP) y se estimaron componentes genéticos para diferentes rasgos lecheros de las búfalas pertenecientes a esa empresa en particular. Métodos: Un total de 24 907 lactancias de diferentes rebaños del país y 6 498 de la Empresa Los Naranjos que ocurrieron entre 2013 a 2020, se estudiaron mediante modelos lineales multicarácter con efectos aleatorios de padre y de la hembra que produce el registro, modelos para estimar algunos factores ambientales y genéticos que afectan la producción de leche a 100 días (L100); 200 días (L200), leche total (Ltot) y la duración de la lactancia (Dlac). Resultados: Las hembras que parieron en el año 2020 produjeron -62,1 kg y -96,2 kg de L200 y Ltot respectivamente respecto a las paridas en 2013, aun cuando la Dlac se incrementó en 15 días en el mismo periodo. Se manifestó una amplia variabilidad en la habilidad productiva más probable (HPMP), pero la evolución de este indicador en función del año de nacimiento de las búfalas fue prácticamente nula, indicando la poca presión de selección ejercida en la crianza de esta especie. Los estimados de repetibilidad (() estuvieron entre 0,372 a 0,397 para L100; L200 y Ltot, magnitudes prácticamente dos veces superiores en la empresa Los Naranjos respecto al resto del país. Los estimados de heredabilidad (h2) estuvieron entre ≈0.217±0.01 y 0.166±0,02 para L100; L200 y Ltot respectivamente con correlaciones genéticas superiores a 0,961. A partir de las diferencias esperadas en las progenies (DEP) se constató que las hijas de los mejores 20 sementales alcanzaron un DEP de +37,6±12,9 kg en L200 y +42,5±15,7 kg para Ltot. Conclusiones: Los indicadores bajo estudio no presentaron una evolución favorable, no obstante, se evidencian posibilidades para el trabajo de selección y mejora.

ABSTRACT Background: The breeding of water buffaloes for milk production reaches 41 years in the Cuban livestock panorama. Objective. An analysis of dairy behavior was carried out in different herds in the country and compared with that of the Los Naranjos enterprise, the behavior of the Most Probable Productive Ability (HPMP) was analyzed and genetic components were estimated for different dairy traits of the buffaloes belonging to that particular company. Methods: A total of 24 907 lactations from different herds in the country and 6 498 from the Los Naranjos company that occurred between 2013 to 2020, were studied using multicharacter linear models with random effects of father and the female that produces the record, models to estimate some environmental factors. and genetics that affect milk production at 100 days (L100); 200 days (L200), total milk (Ltot) and the duration of lactation (Dlac). Results: The females that gave birth in 2020 produced -62,1 kg and -96,2 kg of L200 and Ltot respectively compared to those that gave birth in 2013, even though Dlac increased by 15 days in the same period. A wide variability was manifested in the most probable productive ability (HPMP), but the evolution of this indicator depending on the year of birth of the buffaloes was practically null, indicating the little selection pressure exerted in the breeding of this species. Repeatability estimates (() were between 0,372 to 0,397 for L100; L200 and Ltot, magnitudes practically twice as high in the Los Naranjos company compared to the rest of the country. Heritability estimates (h2) were between ≈0,217±0,01 and 0,166±0,02 for L100; L200 and Ltot respectively with genetic correlations greater than 0,961. From the expected differences in the progenies (DEP), it was found that the daughters of the best 20 sires reached an EPD of +37,6±12.9 kg in L200 and +42,5±15,7 kg for Ltot. Conclusions: The indicators under study did not present a favorable evolution, however, possibilities for selection and improvement work are evident.

ABSTRACT The application of leaf area index (LAI) in coffee crop management depends on the availability of methodologies for proper estimation. The objective of this study was to develop a methodology for the visual assessment of LAI in coffee fields and to establish a protocol for training, evaluation, and feedback for evaluators. Four rounds of LAI measurements were conducted using visual estimates, two instruments (LAI 2200-C and AccuPAR LP-80), and defoliation of coffee hedgerows in Poás, Costa Rica. In each round, five workers visually estimated the LAI values on two occasions separated by 15 days, and feedback reinforcement was provided to each worker at the end of each round. Visual assessments showed high repeatability and reproducibility and the estimates were adjusted to the linear regression model in most cases. Evaluators improved their capacity to visually assess the LAI throughout the rounds, as the value of R2increased consistently for most workers, with values as high as 0.87. Instrumentation evaluation of LAI produced R2values of 0.5-0.6, with significant underestimation bias. The performance of the different methods is discussed in the context of widely spaced hedgerows. The proposed visual methodology constitutes a statistically sound, rapid, simple, and reliable method for determining the LAI of coffee fields to aid in decision-making for crop management. estimation training evaluators 2200C C 2200 LP80, LP80 LP 80 , LP-80) Poás Rica round 1 days cases Rincreased R increased 087 0 87 0.87 Rvalues 0.50.6, 0506 0.5 0.6, 5 6 0.5-0.6 bias sound rapid simple decisionmaking decision making 220 LP8 8 LP-80 08 0.8 50 0.50.6 050 05 0. 06 0.6 0.5-0. 22 LP-8 0.50. 0.5-0 2 LP- 0.50 0.5-

RESUMO A aplicação do índice de área foliar (IAF) na gestão da cultura do cafeeiro depende da disponibilidade de metodologias para sua estimativa correta. É proposta aqui uma metodologia para a avaliação visual do IAF em plantas de café, por tanto se estabelece um protocolo para o treinamento dos avaliadores. Foram feitas quatro rodadas de medições do IAF utilizando estimativas visuais, dois instrumentos (LAI 2200-C e AccuPAR LP-80), e desfolhações de sebes de café na Costa Rica. A cada rodada, cinco trabalhadores estimaram visualmente os valores do IAF em duas ocasiões e separados por 15 dias. Ao final de cada rodada, foi dada uma retroalimentação a cada trabalhador. A avaliação visual mostrou alta repetibilidade e reprodutibilidade, e as estimativas foram ajustadas para o modelo de regressão linear na maioria dos casos. Os avaliadores melhoraram sua capacidade de avaliar visualmente o IAF ao longo das rodadas, e o valor de R2 aumentou consistentemente para a maioria dos trabalhadores, com valores tão altos quanto 0,87. A avaliação do IAF por instrumentos produziu valores de R2 de 0,5-0,6, com significativa tendência de subestimação, e não se ajustou ao modelo de regressão linear. O desempenho dos diferentes métodos é discutido no contexto de coberturas com amplo espaço. A metodologia visual proposta constitui uma determinação sólida, rápida, simples e confiável do IAF na lavoura do café e considera-se uma ajuda na tomada de decisões para a gestão da safra. (IAF correta visuais LAI 2200C C 2200 LP80, LP80 LP 80 , LP-80) Rica rodada 1 dias trabalhador reprodutibilidade casos R 087 0 87 0,87 0,50,6, 0506 0,5 0,6, 5 6 0,5-0,6 subestimação espaço sólida rápida considerase considera safra 220 LP8 8 LP-80 08 0,8 50 0,50,6 050 05 0, 06 0,6 0,5-0, 22 LP-8 0,50, 0,5-0 2 LP- 0,50 0,5-

ABSTRACT During experiment planning, determining the number of replicates for tested treatments is important because it directly affects the accuracy of the obtained results. This study was conducted to determine the number of measurements (repetitions) necessary to evaluate the yield traits and soluble solids in Cantaloupe and Gália melon hybrid trials. The study comprised twenty-one experiments, nine for evaluating eight Cantaloupe melon hybrids, and twelve for evaluating nine Galia melon hybrids, conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates each. Analysis of variance was performed, and repeatability and genotypic determination coefficients were estimated for each experiment. The use of three repetitions allowed identification of superior genotypes with 83.6 and 80.7% predictions of the real values for the yield and soluble solids, respectively, for Cantaloupe melons. Evaluating the trials with Galia melon using three repetitions allowed prediction of the true value of the genotypes with 86.1 and 98.6% accuracy for fruit yield and soluble solids, respectively. Therefore, the use of three replicates was determined to be sufficient for detecting superior genotypes both for fruit yield and soluble solid content, with more than 80% certainty for their true values. planning results (repetitions twentyone twenty one experiments hybrids performed 836 83 6 83. 807 80 7 80.7 respectively melons 861 86 1 86. 986 98 98.6 Therefore content 8 80. 9 98.

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters and the repeatability coefficient and to select clones of elephant grass from full-sib families. Fifteen clones and two commercial controls were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. Three measurements were taken at regular 10-month intervals. Genotypic variance was significant. The observed heritability based on the mean of the genotypes (0.58), coupled with the results of repeatability (0.53) and selection accuracy (0.76), demonstrates that the genotypes performance is constant between measurements. Thus, only three measurements are necessary to reliably select genotypes and obtain real genetic gains with selection. Among the 15 clones evaluated, six showed higher new means than those of the BRS Capiaçu and BRS Canará controls and can be used as parents and/or to compose value for cultivation and use experiments aimed at the release of cultivars for bioenergy production. fullsib full sib families replications 10month month 10 intervals significant 0.58, 058 0.58 , 0 58 (0.58) 0.53 053 53 (0.53 0.76, 076 0.76 76 (0.76) Thus 1 andor or production 05 0.5 5 (0.58 (0.5 07 0.7 7 (0.76 0. (0. (0.7 (0 (

ABSTRACT. Determining the number of replicates required to produce statistically testable results based on previously conducted tests is important to minimize labor costs via the use of existing information. The objective of this work was to determine the number of repetitions necessary to evaluate the characters of productivity and soluble solids in hybrids of two types of Inodorus melons. The study consisted of 20 experiments: 12 evaluated 10 hybrids of honeydew melons and 8 evaluated 13 hybrids of yellow melons. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with three replicates. Analysis of variance was performed to estimate the repeatability and genotypic determination coefficients. Variability in accurately predicting the genotype was observed for different number of repetitions between the evaluated characters and melon types. In the yellow melon, experiments with three repetitions allowed the accurate identification of superior genotypes with 81.1 and 61.9% certainty for productivity and soluble solids, respectively. In the honeydew melon, 62.4 and 71.2% accuracy was obtained for productivity and soluble solids, respectively. ABSTRACT information 2 1 coefficients 811 81 81. 619 61 9 61.9 respectively 624 62 4 62. 712 71 71.2 6 61. 7 71.

Abstract The prompt and accurate diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks is crucial to curb the swift transmission of its causative agent, the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), which poses a substantial threat to the nation’s livestock. This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of various RT-qPCR methods for the detection of FMDV. The methods evaluated for the 3D region demonstrated similar sensitivity and specificity. Nevertheless, noticeable distinctions emerged in samples with low RNA concentration. While these methods can be interchangeably utilized with consistent outcomes when handling a large number of samples sent to the laboratory to pinpoint an outbreak, minor variations may assume significance when working with a limited quantity of samples containing low FMDV RNA copies. footandmouth foot mouth agent FMDV, , (FMDV) nations nation s livestock RTqPCR RT qPCR D specificity Nevertheless concentration outbreak copies (FMDV

Resumo O diagnóstico rápido e preciso de surtos de febre aftosa é crucial para conter a rápida transmissão de seu agente causador, o vírus da febre aftosa (FMDV), que representa uma ameaça significativa ao gado do país. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma análise comparativa de vários métodos de RT-qPCR para a detecção do FMDV. Os métodos avaliados para a região 3D demonstraram sensibilidade e especificidade semelhantes. No entanto, foram observadas diferenças notáveis em amostras com baixa concentração de RNA. Embora esses métodos possam ser utilizados de forma intercambiável com resultados consistentes ao lidar com um grande número de amostras enviadas ao laboratório para identificar um surto, variações sutis podem assumir importância ao trabalhar com uma quantidade limitada de amostras contendo baixas cópias de RNA do FMDV. causador FMDV, FMDV , (FMDV) país RTqPCR RT qPCR D semelhantes entanto surto (FMDV

Controlling the chemical parameters of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process is essential for the bioconversion of organic matter to methane; among these parameters include the presence and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). It is thus necessary to use efficient analytical methods that are capable of identifying and quantifying VFAs in reactor effluents in order to obtain an immediate response to their conditions. In this study, the liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method was optimized and validated - through an adaptation of the official method, using acetone and KHSO4, and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was used for the determination of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric and valeric acids present in the effluents. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) obtained were 1.2-2.5 mg L-1 and 1.9-3.7 mg L-1, respectively, for all analytes. These low LODs and LOQs are essentially important because the presence of isobutyric and isovaleric acids above 5.0 mg can be considered indicative of imbalances in AD. The proposed method, which presented satisfactory results with good repeatability (4.2-20.7%) and recovery (90.9-104.0%) rates, was applied for the analysis of effluent samples from three continuous stirred-tank reactors (CSTR). AD (AD methane VFAs. . (VFAs) conditions study liquidliquid liquid LLE (LLE KHSO4 KHSO GCFID GC FID (GC-FID acetic propionic butyric LOD (LOD LOQ (LOQ 1.22.5 1225 1.2 2.5 1 2 5 1.2-2. L1 L L- 1.93.7 1937 1.9 3.7 9 3 7 1.9-3. L1, 1, respectively analytes 50 0 5. 4.220.7% 42207 4.2 20.7% 4 20 (4.2-20.7% 90.9104.0% 9091040 90.9 104.0% 90 104 (90.9-104.0% rates stirredtank stirred tank CSTR. CSTR (CSTR) (VFAs 22 1.22. 122 12 1. 25 2. 1.2-2 93 1.93. 193 19 37 3. 1.9-3 220 4.220.7 4220 42 4. 207 20.7 (4.2-20.7 9104 90.9104.0 909104 909 90. 1040 104.0 10 (90.9-104.0 (CSTR 1.22 1.2- 1.93 1.9- 4.220. 422 20. (4.2-20. 910 90.9104. 90910 104. (90.9-104. 4.220 (4.2-20 91 90.9104 9091 (90.9-104 4.22 (4.2-2 90.910 (90.9-10 (4.2- 90.91 (90.9-1 (4.2 (90.9- (4. (90.9 (4 (90. ( (90 (9

Accurate nanoparticle characterization is essential since it can significantly affect its physicochemical and biological properties. Among physicochemical properties used to characterize nanomaterials, size and size distribution are essential and should be assessed before surveying poisonousness or biocompatibility. Several methods are suitable to evaluate these characteristics including the dynamic light scattering. The aims of the present paper were to propose a methodology to measure nanoparticle size and present the estimation of the particle size uncertainty using the dynamic light scattering technique. The reliability of measurements was ensured by a series of handling precautions and quality criteria for good measurements to be applied for methodology validation using reference material polyvinylpyrrolidone coated silver nanoparticles. The identification and quantification of input quantities to the measurement uncertainties were estimated. The uncertainty concerning the equipment was 1.2% while the repeatability obtained was 1.4%, within the range of values stipulated in the reference standard (less than 5%). The relative standard uncertainties of trueness and repeatability were below the thresholds defined by the International Organization for Standardization. The result of the expanded uncertainty was 3.9% with 95% coverage probability for the reference material. nanomaterials biocompatibility technique nanoparticles estimated 12 1 2 1.2 14 4 1.4% less 5%. 5 5% . 5%) Standardization 39 3 9 3.9 95 1. 1.4 3.

ABSTRACT. Although acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) is a tropical fruit of high interest due to its high ascorbic acid content and attractive sensory attributes, fruit production is characterized by high genetic variability. Additionally, the use of new biometric tools for acerola breeding is scarce. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability, as well as determine the optimal number of fruits for quality trait analyses in different acerola genotypes, using different approaches. Twenty-three (Experiment I) and thirty-five (Experiment II) genotypes were evaluated in a randomized block design with four replicates and three plants per plot. Twenty fruits per plant were harvested and evaluated for the following quality traits: diameter, mass, skin color (lightness, chroma and hue), firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, and ascorbic acid content. The genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability were estimated for each experiment using classical and Bayesian methods. Both approaches achieved similar results on estimating variance components, genetic parameters and the coefficient of repeatability. Genetic parameters showed favorable conditions for acerola selection. The coefficient of repeatability was high for all acerola quality traits. A total of 17 fruits are required for the effective selection of acerola genotypes with an accuracy of 95%. ABSTRACT Malpighia DC. DC attributes variability Additionally scarce Twentythree Experiment I thirtyfive thirty five II plot traits diameter mass lightness, lightness (lightness hue, hue , hue) firmness SS, SS (SS) TA, TA (TA) SSTA ratio methods components 1 95 95% (SS (TA 9

ABSTRACT Elephant grass is an allogamous perennial forage crop with asexual propagation, allowing plant breeders to explore heterosis and develop hybrids. However, selecting parents for diallel crossing schemes is a major hurdle in the development of hybrids. In addition, this perennial crop has several harvests, which increases the dataset size and the complexity of the statistical analyses. Here, we propose a diallel analysis based on linear mixed models with repeatability information to identify parents and hybrids, and the optimum number of harvests. We performed a complete diallel crossing of 11 parents with data from five harvests for morphological traits and two harvests for nutritive value traits. The diallel model with repeatability information aids in the estimation of the genetic effect of diallel analysis to infer the ideal number of harvests and genotype × harvest interaction. We observed that the specific combining ability (SCA) is more critical for morphoagronomic traits, while the general combining ability (GCA) has greater importance for traits related to nutritive value. Furthermore, we detected that five harvests were sufficient for the morphoagronomic traits with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.8; however, ten harvests were required for an R2 of 0.9. The model is a promising single-analysis alternative for plant breeders to analyze a diallel with repeated measures and to estimate important parameters without incurring in additional financial costs. propagation hybrids However addition analyses Here 1 interaction SCA (SCA GCA (GCA Furthermore R (R2 0.8 08 0 8 however 09 9 0.9 singleanalysis single costs (R 0.

RESUMO: O uso de uma metodologia de germinação adequada é crucial para que possibilite a expressão do potencial germinativo do lote de sementes, principalmente quando estão tratadas com produtos fitossanitários, pois em alguns substratos e condições podem ocorrer fitotoxidez e os valores serem subestimados. Neste contexto, objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar a metodologia de germinação em rolo de papel mais vermiculita (RP+V) e a possibilidade de validação estatística dessa para uso em laboratórios de rotina. Foram utilizados quatro lotes de sementes de duas cultivares, com diferentes níveis de vigor e tratamentos químicos inseticidas (controle, tiametoxam + ciantraniliprole, clotianidina + fipronil e imidacloprido + tiodicarbe, todas sementes foram tratadas com fungicida). As amostras foram preparadas e enviadas para 13 laboratórios credenciados no Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária (MAPA), Brasil, para análise de germinação por RP+V. Nas análises dos dados coletados foram utilizadas metodologias estatísticas para avaliar a repetibilidade e a reprodutibilidade do método, bem como avaliar sua precisão e acurácia. Os dados de plântulas normais de soja avaliadas com a metodologia de rolo de papel com vermiculita (RP+V) apresentam repetibilidade, reprodutibilidade, precisão e acurácia dentro dos parâmetros críticos de 1% e 5%. A metodologia proposta é confiável para ser implementada de forma rotineira na avaliação de sementes de soja, sobretudo para as tratadas com produtos fitossanitários. RESUMO fitossanitários subestimados contexto objetivouse objetivou se RP+V RPV RP V (RP+V rotina cultivares controle, controle (controle ciantraniliprole tiodicarbe fungicida. fungicida . fungicida) 1 MAPA, MAPA , (MAPA) Brasil método 5 5% (MAPA

ABSTRACT: The use of an appropriate germination method is crucial to allow expression of the germination potential of the seed lot, especially when the seeds are treated with phytosanitary products, since phytotoxicity can occur in some substrates and under some conditions and the germination values will be underestimated. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the methodology of germination in a rolled paper plus vermiculite (RP+V) and the possibility of its statistical validation for routine use in laboratories. Four seed lots of two cultivars with different vigor levels and chemical insecticide treatments (control, thiamethoxam + cyantraniliprole, clothianidin + fipronil, and imidacloprid + thiodicarb, all seeds were treated with fungicide) were used. The samples were prepared and sent to 13 laboratories accredited by the Ministério da Agricultura e Pecuária (MAPA) for germination assessment with RP+V. The collected data were analyzed using statistical methodologies to assess the repeatability and reproducibility of the method, as well as its precision and accuracy. The data from normal soybean seedlings evaluated using the rolled paper plus vermiculite (RP+V) methodology show repeatability, reproducibility, precision, and accuracy within the critical parameters of 1% and 5%. The proposed methodology is reliable and can be routinely implemented in evaluation of soybean seeds, especially those treated with phytosanitary products. ABSTRACT lot products underestimated context RP+V RPV RP V (RP+V control, control (control cyantraniliprole fipronil thiodicarb fungicide used 1 MAPA (MAPA 5 5%

ABSTRACT In this study, a flexible capacitive pressure sensor was developed, featuring a dielectric layer composed of a polydimethylsilane (PDMS)/BaTiO3/SrTiO3 composite material. The electrode and dielectric layers were structured with a dual microstructure, combining diagonal and sandpaper-porous elements. Additionally, nano-barium titanate (BT) powder, known for its relatively high dielectric constant, was incorporated into PDMS, along with an appropriate amount of strontium titanate (STO), to enhance the sensor’s sensitivity. The developed sensor exhibited a remarkable sensitivity of 2.681 kPa–1, with response and release times of approximately 39 ms and 61 ms, respectively. It demonstrated a low detection threshold and withstood over 5000 compression cycles, showcasing excellent repeatability. The results underscored the sensor’s robust pressure-sensing performance, making it suitable for diverse applications, including human pulse monitoring, heartbeat tracking, robot arm sensing, object weight detection, and real-time healthcare monitoring. study PDMS/BaTiO3/SrTiO3 PDMSBaTiO3SrTiO3 PDMSBaTiOSrTiO PDMS /BaTiO3/SrTiO3 BaTiO3 SrTiO3 BaTiO SrTiO (PDMS)/BaTiO3/SrTiO material microstructure sandpaperporous sandpaper porous elements Additionally nanobarium nano barium BT (BT powder constant STO, STO , (STO) sensors s 2681 2 681 2.68 kPa1 kPa 1 kPa–1 3 6 respectively 500 cycles repeatability pressuresensing sensing performance applications monitoring tracking realtime real time PDMS/BaTiO3/SrTiO PDMSBaTiO PDMSBaTiO3SrTiO BaTiO3SrTiO3 BaTiOSrTiO /BaTiO3/SrTiO (STO 268 68 2.6 kPa– 50 BaTiO3SrTiO 26 2. 5

The creation of experimental setups in an educational context, using low-cost, reused, and recycled materials, is a reality of our time. The prominence of activities within the maker culture approach highlights the potential of educational proposals and stimuli in this direction. This work proposes the construction of a low-cost colorimeter prototype, using the light sensor of a smartphone. The work describes the assembly of the prototype, the procedures performed for testing the equipment, and presents the data obtained from the experimental trials. Common household cleaning materials were used for the tests. From the results obtained, it was possible to observe the difference in absorption between the samples used, due to their color, as expected in theory. The cleaning material with the lightest absorption profile was selected for dilution in water, and the result of the relative absorbance versus concentration showed consistency with a correlation factor above 0.93. The prototype demonstrated excellent repeatability in measurements, and this, coupled with its ease of use, indicates that its application could be feasible in a typical classroom setting. context lowcost, lowcost low cost, cost reused time direction smartphone equipment trials tests color theory water 093 0 93 0.93 measurements use setting 09 9 0.9 0.

A criação de montagens experimentais no âmbito didático, a partir de elementos de baixo custo, reaproveitados e reciclados, é uma realidade deste tempo. O destaque que atividades na abordagem da cultura maker têm tido, evidenciam o potencial de propostas e estímulos no âmbito educacional nesta linha. Este trabalho propõe a construção de um protótipo de um colorímetro de baixo custo, utilizando o sensor de luminosidade de um smartphone. O trabalho descreve a montagem do protótipo, os procedimentos realizados para os testes do equipamento e apresenta os dados obtidos através dos ensaios experimentais. Para os testes foram utilizados materiais de limpeza usuais, obtidos no âmbito doméstico. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível observar a diferença da absorção entre as amostras utilizadas em decorrência da cor de cada uma delas, como esperado na teoria. O material de limpeza com perfil de absorção mais bem definido foi adotado para uma diluição em água e o resultado da absorbância relativa versus concentração apresentou coerência com fator de correlação acima de 0,93. O protótipo apresentou excelente repetibilidade nas medições e isso, associado ao seu fácil manuseio, indicam que sua utilização pode ser viável em uma sala de aula típica. didático custo reciclados tempo tido linha smartphone usuais doméstico delas teoria 093 0 93 0,93 isso manuseio típica 09 9 0,9 0,

Abstract The objective of this work was to estimate the repeatability coefficients of variables related to fruit and nut production, the minimum number of crops required for genotype selection, and the permanent phenotypic correlation coefficients between variables in a cultivated population of Amazon nut. A total of 40 genotypes from seeds, belonging to an agroforestry system implemented in 1995, in the state of Roraima, Brazil, were evaluated during ten years for six variables related to fruit and nut production. The genetic-statistical analyses were performed using the maximum restricted likelihood and best linear unbiased prediction (REML/BLUP) method, based on the basic model of repeatability, without an experimental design, of the Selegen-REML/BLUP software. Genetic variability between genotypes and a moderate regularity in the repetition of the studied variables between different harvests were detected. The number of harvests required to reach a coefficient of determination of 80% ranged from seven, for the variables average nut weight per fruit and number of fruits per plant, to nine, for average nut weight. The correlation results indicate the possibility of indirect selection for nut production through the evaluation of the number and weight of fruits per plant. 4 seeds 1995 Roraima Brazil geneticstatistical genetic statistical REML/BLUP REMLBLUP REML BLUP (REML/BLUP method design SelegenREML/BLUP SelegenREMLBLUP Selegen software detected 80 seven plant nine 199 SelegenREML 8 19 1

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar os coeficientes de repetibilidade de variáveis relacionadas à produção de frutos e castanhas, o número mínimo de safras requeridas para seleção de genótipos e os coeficientes de correlação fenotípica permanente entre variáveis, em uma população cultivada de castanheira-da-amazônia. Um total de 40 genótipos provenientes de mudas de sementes, pertencentes à um sistema agroflorestal implantado em 1995, no estado de Roraima, Brasil, foi avaliado por um período de dez anos quanto a seis variáveis relacionadas à produção de frutos e castanhas. As análises genético-estatísticas foram realizadas pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita e melhor predição linear não viesada (REML/BLUP), com base no modelo básico de repetibilidade, sem delineamento experimental, do programa Selegen-REML/BLUP. Detectaram-se variabilidade genética entre os genótipos e moderada regularidade na repetição das variáveis estudadas entre as diferentes safras. O número de safras necessárias para atingir um coeficiente de determinação de 80% variou de sete, para as variáveis peso médio de castanhas por fruto e número de frutos por planta, a nove, para peso médio da castanha. Os resultados de correlação indicam a possibilidade de seleção indireta para produção de castanhas, por meio da avaliação do número e do peso de frutos por planta. castanheiradaamazônia. castanheiradaamazônia castanheira amazônia. amazônia castanheira-da-amazônia 4 sementes 1995 Roraima Brasil genéticoestatísticas genético estatísticas REML/BLUP, REMLBLUP REML/BLUP , REML BLUP (REML/BLUP) experimental SelegenREML/BLUP. SelegenREMLBLUP Selegen REML/BLUP. Selegen-REML/BLUP Detectaramse Detectaram se 80 sete planta nove castanha 199 (REML/BLUP SelegenREML SelegenREML/BLUP 8 19 1

ABSTRACT The study evaluated the repeatability of the superovulatory response in 12 Australian Merino ewes during the breeding season in one (G1), three (G2), and four (G3) consecutive years. A modified protocol was used based on 200 mg pFSH in eight decreasing doses (12h intervals) and supportive strategies such as changing the CIDR at day 7, spraying the horns with heparinized saline during the procedure, and use of Flunixin Meglumine. No significant differences were found in the total number of structures recovered during the years of application of the superovulation protocol (G1=8±2, G2=18±3, G3=19±4; p>0.05). High repeatability was observed, both for the total number of embryos and for the number of transferable embryos in G2 and G3. Superovulatory treatment for 3 and 4 successive years did not affect the efficacy of embryo retrieval.

RESUMEN El estudio evaluó la repetibilidad de la respuesta superovulatoria en 12 ovejas Merino Australiano durante la estación reproductiva en uno (G1), tres (G2) y cuatro (G3) años consecutivos. Se utilizó un protocolo modificado basado en 200 mg de pFSH en ocho dosis decrecientes (intervalos de 12 h) y estrategias de apoyo tales como el cambio del CIDR al día 7, el rociado de los cuernos durante el procedimiento con solución salina con heparina y el uso de Flunixin Meglumine. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el número total de estructuras recuperadas durante los años de aplicación del protocolo de superovulación (G1=8±2, G2=18±3, G3=19±4; p>0.05). Se observó una alta repetibilidad, tanto para el número total de embriones como para el número de embriones transferibles en G2 y G3. El tratamiento superovulatorio durante 3 y 4 años sucesivos no afectó la eficacia de la recuperación de embriones.