Abstract (Introduction): In the removal of chromium (VI) from tannery wastewater, physicochemical methods are the most used. However, these require high operating costs, and worse still, generate secondary pollutants that again require complementary treatments for their elimination. Given this, the applicability of vegetable organic biomass (VOB) emerges as an environmental alternative based on: the simplicity of its obtaining, the reduction as waste, it does not generate secondary pollutants and, above all, it removes chromium (VI). (Objective): Use VOB waste in an aerobic sequential biological reactor (SBR) for the removal of chromium (VI) in the treatment of tannery wastewater. (Methodology): 3 aerobic SBR systems were implemented; 2 controls (SBR1 and SBR2) and 1 study subject (SBR+VOB). Each system was fed with tannery wastewater (18 L) and connected to an aeration mechanism (12.7 L/min). The bacterial inoculum, a fundamental part of an SBR system, was gained from the selective culture of chromium (VI) reducing bacteria (RBCrVI) taken from the wastewater under study, and integrated into SBR2 and SBR+VOB at 0.6 g/L. The VOB was obtained from Stenotaphrum secundatum residues, fragmented, sieved, sterilized and integrated into the SBR+VOB at 1.5 g/L. (Results): The SBR+VOB system achieved the highest percentage of chromium (VI) removal (93 %), followed by SBR2 (80.1 %), and finally SBR1 (2.8 %). With respect to COD and TSS, the statistical test (Tukey) showed that there was no significant difference between the system under study and the controls, recording COD removal percentages ranging from 87.8 % to 88.4 %, and TSS ranging from 63.8 % to 69.2 %. (Conclusions): The viability of using VOB waste to remove chromium (VI) in the treatment of tannery wastewater has been evidenced. The results of this research create a promising panorama to mitigate the effects derived from inadequate management of tannery wastewater and organic solid waste.

Resumen (Introducción): En la remoción de cromo (VI) de aguas residuales de curtiembre, los métodos fisicoquímicos son los más empleados. Sin embargo, estos demandan altos costos operativos y, peor aún, generan contaminantes secundarios que nuevamente requieren tratamientos complementarios para su eliminación. Ante ello, la aplicabilidad de la biomasa orgánica vegetal (BOV) emerge como una alternativa ambiental sobre la base de: la simplicidad de su obtención, la disminución como residuo, no genera contaminantes secundarios y, sobre todo, de remover cromo (VI). (Objetivo): Usar residuos de BOV en un reactor biológico secuencial (RBS) aerobio, para la remoción de cromo (VI) en el tratamiento de agua residual de curtiembre. (Metodología): Se implementaron 3 sistemas RBS aerobios; 2 controles (RBS1 y RBS2) y 1 materia de estudio (RBS+BOV). Cada sistema fue alimentado con agua residual de curtiembre (18 L) y conectado a un mecanismo de aireación (12.7 L/ min). El inóculo bacteriano, parte fundamental de un sistema RBS, se obtuvo a partir del cultivo selectivo de bacterias reductoras de cromo (VI) (BRCrVI), tomadas del agua residual en estudio e integradas al RBS2 y RBS+BOV a 0.6 g/L. La BOV se obtuvo de residuos de Stenotaphrum secundatum, fragmentado, tamizado, esterilizado e integrado al RBS+BOV a 1.5 g/L. (Resultados): El sistema SRB+BOV alcanzó el mayor porcentaje de remoción de cromo (VI) (93 %), seguido por SBR2 (80.1 %) y, por último, de RBS1 (2.8 %). Con respecto a la DQO y SST, la prueba estadística (Tukey) arrojó que no había diferencia significativa entre el sistema en estudio y los controles, por lo que registró porcentajes de remoción de DQO que van de 87.8 % a 88.4 % y SST que van de 63.8 % a 69.2 %. (Conclusiones): Se ha evidenciado la viabilidad del aprovechamiento de residuos de BOV para remover cromo (VI) en el tratamiento de agua residual de curtiembre. Los resultados de la presente investigación crean un panorama prometedor para mitigar los efectos derivados de la inadecuada gestión de las aguas residuales de curtiembre y de los residuos sólidos orgánicos.

ABSTRACT: Buccal mucosal grafts are versatile in medical practice, documented minimally despite potential in otolaryngology, ophthalmology, dermatology, plastic surgery and urology. They offer advantages such as being hairless, easily obtained, and infection-resistant, with a thin, highly vascularized epithelial layer aiding absorption and reducing contracture risk. Complications from oral donor sites, like pain and sensory changes, are known, relevant in conditions such as Fournier's gangrene, necessitating urgent surgical intervention and often reconstruction. We present a case report of a 45-year-old male with Fournier's gangrene treated jointly by urology and maxillofacial surgery. Buccal mucosal grafts were harvested from the inner cheek mucosa for simultaneous urethral reconstruction. The procedure preserved the parotid duct, obtaining a graft comprising mucosal, submucosal, and glandular tissues, applied to the urethral defect with bovine dermis coverage. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with successful catheter removal in 2 weeks and complete donor site healing in 6 months. Buccal mucosal grafts prove effective in complex reconstruction, offering structural integrity and minimal morbidity. Despite challenges like graft contraction and limited tissue availability in severe cases, buccal mucosal grafts are favored for reliability and patient satisfaction in reconstructive needs, notably urethral reconstruction. The evidence shows a high success rate in most of the uses of buccal mucosal grafts, so it is recommended as an effective and safe graft for extraoral reconstructions, particularly urethral reconstruction, where the Maxillofacial Surgeon is part of the interdisciplinary team. Awareness of potential complications and procedural limitations ensures optimal outcomes and patient care.

RESUMEN: Los injertos de mucosa bucal son versátiles en la práctica médica, documentados mínimamente a pesar de su potencial en otorrinolaringología, oftalmología, dermatología, cirugía plástica y urología. Ofrecen ventajas como la ausencia de vello, facilidad de obtención y resistencia a infecciones, con una capa epitelial delgada y altamente vascularizada que favorece la absorción y reduce el riesgo de contractura. Se conocen complicaciones de los sitios donantes orales, como dolor y cambios sensoriales, que son relevantes en condiciones como la gangrena de Fournier, que requieren intervención quirúrgica urgente y a menudo reconstrucción. Presentamos el reporte de caso de un hombre de 45 años con gangrena de Fournier tratado de manera conjunta por Urología y Cirugía maxilofacial. Se obtuvo injertos de mucosa bucal de la mucosa interna de la mejilla para la reconstrucción uretral simultánea. El procedimiento preservó el conducto parotídeo, obteniendo un injerto que comprendía tejidos mucosos, submucosos y glandulares, aplicado al defecto uretral con cobertura de dermis bovina. La recuperación postoperatoria curso sin complicaciones, con la retirada exitosa del catéter a las 2 semanas y la completa cicatrización del sitio donante en 6 meses. Los injertos de mucosa bucal demuestran ser efectivos en reconstrucciones complejas, ofreciendo integridad estructural y mínima morbilidad. A pesar de los desafíos, como la contracción del injerto y la disponibilidad limitada de tejido en casos severos, los injertos de mucosa bucal son preferidos por su fiabilidad y satisfacción del paciente en necesidades reconstructivas, especialmente en la reconstrucción uretral. La evidencia muestra una alta tasa de éxito en la mayoría de los usos de injertos de mucosa bucal, por lo que se recomienda como un injerto eficaz y seguro para reconstrucciones extraorales, particularmente en la reconstrucción uretral, donde el cirujano maxilofacial forma parte del equipo interdisciplinario. La conciencia sobre las posibles complicaciones y limitaciones del procedimiento asegura resultados óptimos y un adecuado cuidado del paciente.

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to observe if there are differences in the remaining filling material between unfilled teeth using contemporary clinical microscopy techniques and the XP-endo® system. Ex vivo experimental study. 40 extracted single-root teeth were treated by a single operator using the mechanized instrumentation technique suggested by the manufacturer (FKG): XP ENDO© System. and the sealing of the root canals using the synchronous hydraulic technique with gutta-percha and TOTALFILL©BC sealer (FKG) bioceramic cement. Two groups were randomly divided, and a single operator performed the deobturation with the same protocol in both groups, differing only in the vision technique used, with clinical optical microscopy (CM) and with direct vision (SM). The deobturation technique included Gates glidden burs, ENDO© XP System, solvent (Endosolv©), and manual H files to finish until clinically no obturation remnants were felt or observed within the canal. The teeth were cut longitudinally buccolingually into two halves. All samples were coded, photographed and transferred to a computer to perform morphometric analysis. The surfaces of the MO and S/MO groups were compared, observing the differences between them. 29.4 % of remaining obturation (cement and/or gutta-percha) in the group deobturated without a microscope (SM) and 16.3 % in the group deobturated with a microscope (CM). There is a statistically significant difference in the percentage of remaining filling in the SM group compared to the CM group (p = 0.0198). Complete removal of cement or gutta-percha was not observed in either group. The use of the clinical microscope favors the removal of gutta-percha during endodontic retreatments.

RESUMEN: La endodoncia moderna ha tenido muchos avances para potenciar los resultados del tratamiento. Estudios sobre el impacto del uso de técnicas contemporáneas para la desobturación y retratamiento no quirúrgico constituye un campo de investigación emergente. El objetivo de este estudio fue observar si existen diferencias en el remanente de material de obturación entre dientes desobturados utilizando las técnicas contemporáneas de microscopía clínica y el sistema XP-endo®. Estudio experimental ex vivo. 40 dientes unirradiculares extraídos fueron tratados por un operador mediante la técnica de instrumentación mecanizada sugerida por el fabricante (FKG): Sistema XP ENDO©. y selladas mediante la técnica hidráulica sincrónica con gutapercha y cemento biocerámico TOTALFILL©BC sealer (FKG). La muestra se dividió aleatoriamente en 2 grupos; un operador realizó la desobturación con el mismo protocolo en ambos grupos diferenciándose sólo en la técnica de visión utilizada, microscopía óptica clínica, con microscopio (CM) o visión directa, sin microscopio (SM). La técnica de desobturación incluyó fresas Gates glidden, Sistema XP ENDO©, solvente (Endosolv©), y limas H manuales para finalizar hasta que clínicamente no se sintieran ni observaran remanentes de obturación dentro del canal. Los dientes se cortaron longitudinalmente en dos mitades en sentido vestibulolingual. Todas las muestras fueron codificadas, fotografiadas y analizadas morfométricamente. Se compararon las superficies de los grupos CM y SM, observando las diferencias entre ellas. Se observó un 29,4 %, de obturación remanente (cemento y/o gutapercha) en el grupo desobturado SM y 16,3 % en el grupo desobturado CM. Existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el porcentaje de obturación remanente del grupo SM en comparación con el grupo CM (p = 0,0198). En ninguno de los dos grupos se observó remoción completa de cemento o gutapercha. El uso del microscopio clínico favorece la remoción del material de obturación durante los retratamientos endodónticos.

Abstract — The hydrocarbons that contaminate water are difficult to remove, among other things, due to their hydrophobic nature. A surfactant is one way to facilitate contact between the treatment agents. This research prepared a biological surfactant from whey fermentation through Streptococcus thermophilus bacteria. To optimize its production, a complete factorial design was carried out, varying the factors temperature (38, 40, and 42 °C) and time (24, 48, and 72 hours), and the response variable is the amount of surfactant produced. It was found that the highest performance was obtained at 40ºC and 48 hours. The biosurfactant was characterized to determine hemolytic activity, Parafilm, oil dispersion, emulsification index (63.64 %), and surface tension (52.7 mN/m). The ecotoxicity test with Daphnia magna confirmed that the biosurfactant is environmentally friendly. Finally, a bioremediation process was applied during the 45 days when more than 50 % engine oil removal was achieved.

Resumen — Los hidrocarburos que contaminan el agua son difíciles de remover entre otras cosas por su naturaleza hidrofóbica. Una forma de facilitar el contacto entre el agente del tratamiento es usando un surfactante. En esta investigación se preparó un surfactante biológico a partir de la fermentación de lactosuero a través de las bacterias Streptococcus thermophilus. Para optimizar su producción se realizó un diseño factorial completo variando los factores la temperatura (38, 40 y 42 °C) y el tiempo (24, 48 y 72 horas) y siendo la variable respuesta la cantidad de surfactante producido. Se encontró que el mayor rendimiento se obtuvo a 40 ºC y 48 horas. Se caracterizó el biosurfactante para determinar actividad hemolítica, Parafilm, dispersión del aceite, índice de emulsificación (63.64 %) y tensión superficial (52.7 mN/m). La prueba de ecotoxicidad con Daphnia magna corroboró que el biosurfactantes es amigable con el ambiente. Finalmente, aplicando un proceso de biorremediación durante los 45 días donde se alcanzó más del 50 % de remoción de aceite de motor.

In this novel study, the efficacy of metakaolinite for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) was evaluated. The optimized parameters included the feedstock dosage and contact time. Experimental results were further explored using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution-focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (HR-FIB/SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Optimum conditions were observed to be 45 min of mixing time, >10 g-L-1 of feedstock dosage, i.e., metakaolinite, and ambient temperature and pH. The metal content (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Al, and Zn) embedded in AMD matrices were partially removed whilst the level of sulphate was significantly reduced. Chemical species removal efficacies were observed to occur in the following sequence; Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb > Mn > Ni > sulphate > Mg > Fe, with the following removal percentages: 100, 91.7, 74.6, 65, 38.8, 37.5, 32.3, 13.8, and 8.3%, respectively. Thus metakaolinite proved to be partially effective in the treatment of AMD emanating from coal-mining processes. Furthermore, to enhance the performance of this technology, a polishing technique needs to be coupled or integrated to further remove residual inorganic contaminants, as well as other forms of modification such as the addition of alkaline agents to synthesize the nanocomposite and increase its alkalinizing capabilities.

ABSTRACT This research investigates to remove and strengthen the weak smeared mortar and enhance its quality through sustainable and eco-friendly treatment techniques. The impregnation of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) in acids (ATRCA) in different molarities was proposed to eradicate the weak smeared cement particle on the RCA and impregnation of RCA in slurries (STRCA) at various dosages was proposed to strengthen the weak smeared mortar on the RCA. The properties of the RCA were assessed prior and after treatment techniques. The micro-structure of the treated RCA was examined through SEM to assess the impact of treatment techniques on the RCA properties. Results infer that both treatments tend to improve the quality of RCA, however slurry treatment strengthens the weak mortar rather than its removal through acid treatment and thus resulting in better properties to RCA. The optimized molarity was observed at 0.3 M for 3 days for acid treatment and optimized slurry dosage was observed at 0.8w/c ratio for 24 hours. The optimized ATRCA and STRCA show 21.70% and 39.07% lesser water absorption than RCA. Similarly, other physical and mechanical properties of ATRCA and STRCA were enhanced compared to RCA. Correlation was established between physical and mechanical properties of the RCA, ATRCA and STRCA. Life cycle assessment of the aggregates was performed with OpenLCA software.

Abstract Oil spills have had catastrophic effects on marine ecosystems. The removal of oil spills from the water surface has then attracted worldwide attention. Natural rubber (NR) is a well-known example of a hydrophobic material, due to its hydrocarbon structure. For this purpose, the potential of NR as an oil absorbent is demonstrated. NR was formed into a cellular structure where oil absorbency can be controlled by their densities. It can be done by varying the foaming volume from 2-8 fold (2×, 4×, 6×, and 8×) the original volume of the beater. Increasing the foaming volume has reduced the densities. Over the variations of densities, the oil absorbencies were 10.58 to 16.76 g/g for crude oil, and 6.56 to 13.18 g/g for diesel oil. This indicated that the absorbent based on NR latex foam provided excellent performance and could be practically used as an oil-absorbent material.

ABSTRACT This study investigates the optimization of Wire-Cut Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) for 2304 duplex stainless steel, a material valued for its superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in challenging environments such as oil and gas, marine, and chemical industries. The study aims to evaluate how WEDM parameters—pulse duration, peak current, and wire speed—affect MRR, surface roughness (Ra), and tool wear. Using a Taguchi-based design of experiments (DoE) method, machining trials were conducted by varying these parameters. Results showed that Material Removal Rate (MRR) and surface roughness increased with longer pulse durations and higher peak currents, demonstrating a direct relationship. MRR peaked at 8.8 mm3/s at 300 µs pulse duration and 30 A peak current, while surface roughness increased to 2.1 µm under the same conditions. ANOVA analysis confirmed that pulse duration had the most significant effect on MRR and surface roughness, accounting for 58% and 54% of the variation, respectively. Tool wear, which increased with higher discharge energies, was mainly influenced by peak current, contributing to 45% of the observed variance. This study concludes that optimizing WEDM parameters can enhance machining performance while balancing MRR, surface finish, and tool wear trade-offs.

Abstract In the present study, a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach is being explored to remove the harmful dye Congo red from synthetic wastewater, using an equatorial strain of Rhodococcus biphenylivorans. The immobilized cells’ Congo red-decolorizing activity in calcium alginate showed an increase of 217% compared to the free cells. By improving the alginate concentration to 4% (w/v), the bead diameter to 3 mm and using 50 beads, a 67% decrease in the time required for complete decolorization was accomplished. Both free and immobilized cells followed first-order kinetics for the elimination of Congo red, with immobilized cells displaying a decolorization rate 3.2 times greater than that of free cells, resulting in an 84% reduction in half-life. The immobilized cells displayed the capability to remove 0.10 g/L Congo red without any significant decline in their efficiency for up to twelve cycles, offering an economic advantage due to their reusability. Examining the decolorized products of Congo red showed no hindrance in the germination of Triticum aestivum and Vigna radiata, indicating the effective removal of all toxic components from the original dye via the biological method. Therefore, this strain has significant potential as a biological agent to eliminate wastewater contaminated with Congo red efficiently.

This study investigates the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) by persulfate (PS) activated by solar heating in greenhouse cells (GhC). The optimal configuration of the GhC was first determined, and an assessment was carried out to determine the effect of atmospheric temperature, wind speed, and humidity on its temperature. The mathematical model developed in this study was used to simulate the evolution of RhB concentration during degradation in the GhC at different initial PS concentrations ([RhB]t = [RhB]0·exp(-A × exp(-Ea/RT) × t) where, A is the pre-exponential factor, Ea is the activation energy, R is the perfect gas constant, and T the absolute temperature. The degradation of RhB by activated PS under artificial heating allowed for an investigation of the effects of initial PS concentration (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 g L-1) and temperature (25, 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C) on the process. The optimal working conditions and thermodynamic parameters (Ea = 85.3 kJ mol-1) were determined and incorporated into the mathematical model. Indeed, this model accurately reproduced RhB concentrations in GhC. The GhC performs best under conditions of high ambient temperature, high initial PS concentration, low humidity, little or no wind, and maximum sunlight exposure during midday.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the methods used by dentists for diagnosis and treatment of dental caries lesions. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was developed by sending a validated questionnaire to dentists in the southeastern region of Brazil with questions about detection methods and the indicated procedures for treating lesions. Results: Three hundred and ninety-eight responses were identified after distributing the questionnaire. The state with the highest percentage of respondents was Espírito Santo (n=140). The respondents' mean time since dental school graduation was 12.9 years (±11.4). Regarding the diagnosis, 39.4% of the dentists used the explorer probe to detect occlusal lesions, 79.6% performed drying with an air jet, 65.8% of dentists performed biofilm removal and follow-up for active initial occlusal lesions, and 60.3% applied fluorides. For active caries lesions reaching the enamel dentinal junction, the dentists performed selective caries removal followed by restoration for both occlusal lesions (79.6%) and proximal lesions (78.1%). Conclusion: Visual-tactile and radiographic examinations were the detection methods of most dentists. A conservative approach was identified more frequently for initial, non-cavitated lesions and an operative approach for dentine tissue lesions. Conservative, non-invasive treatment still seems challenging for professionals when lesions reach the dentine tissue. Objective Methods crosssectional cross sectional Results ninetyeight ninety eight n=140. n140 n n=140 . 140 (n=140) 129 12 9 12. ±11.4. 114 ±11.4 11 4 (±11.4) 394 39 39.4 796 79 6 79.6 jet 658 65 8 65.8 followup follow up 603 60 3 60.3 fluorides junction (79.6% 78.1%. 781 78.1% 78 1 (78.1%) Conclusion Visualtactile Visual tactile noncavitated non cavitated Conservative noninvasive invasive n14 n=14 14 (n=140 ±11. (±11.4 39. 7 79. 65. 60. (79.6 78.1 (78.1% n1 n=1 (n=14 ±11 (±11. (79. 78. (78.1 n= (n=1 ±1 (±11 (79 (78. (n= ± (±1 (7 (78 (n (± (

Electrooxidation is an efficient method for treating effluents with high concentrations of ammoniacal nitrogen and organic matter (R), in the presence of chloride ions (Cl-). The present study aimed at degrading ammoniacal nitrogen and organic matter from an effluent generated at a fertilizer storage port terminal. For this purpose, a batch electrochemical reactor with mechanical agitation was used, with a Ti/RuO2 anode. The parameters studied were the current density that varied in 20, 40 and 60 mA cm-2, the concentration of chloride ions that was 0.04, 0.74, 0.90 to 0.81 mol L-1 and the electrolysis time that varied from 4.0, 5.0, 7.0 and 8.0 h. A 22 experimental design was conducted to determine the significance level of the parameters studied. The results obtained indicated the removal of 99.99% of N-NH3 and 75.60% of total organic carbon (TOC) when a current density of 60 mA cm-2 and a Cl- concentration of 35.5 g L-1 were applied, after 4.0 h of electrolysis. R, R , (R) Cl. Cl . (Cl-) terminal purpose used TiRuO2 TiRuO Ti RuO2 RuO Ti/RuO anode 20 4 6 cm2, cm2 cm 2, 2 004 0 04 0.04 074 74 0.74 090 90 0.9 081 81 0.8 L1 L 1 L- 50 5 5.0 70 7 7. 80 8 8. 9999 99 99.99 NNH3 NNH N NH3 NH N-NH 7560 75 75.60 TOC (TOC cm- 355 35 35. applied 4. (R (Cl- 00 0.0 07 0.7 09 9 0. 08 5. 999 99.9 756 75.6 3 (Cl 99. 75.

BACKGROUND: Early post-operative intraocular pressure (IOP) control following Baerveldt tube (BVT) implant is critical, especially in cases with advanced glaucoma. AIM: This study aimed to review the efficacy and safety of a releasable wick suture for early control of post-operative IOP in patients implanted with a 350 mm2 BVT. SETTING: This study is a retrospective chart review of all patients implanted with BVT and a releasable 9-0 Vicryl wick placement, performed under one surgeon. METHODS: Efficacy data of IOP and number of glaucoma medications were collected pre-operatively and on post-operative day 1 and weeks 1, 4, 6, 8 and 12. Safety, visual acuity and wick removal data were also collected. RESULTS: The utilisation of a releasable wick suture with BVT implantation gives early post-operative IOP control and fewer medications day 1 post-operatively. The IOP and number of medications significantly decreased at each time point while the visual acuity did not significantly change compared to the pre-operative level after 12 weeks in the total population. Mean IOP of patients with wick removal increased in hypotony cases and decreased in high pressure cases. There was no difference in terms of safety profile between cases with wick remaining and wick removal. CONCLUSION: The use of a releasable wick suture with BVT implantation gives early IOP control with fewer glaucoma medications in the first three post-operative months and the option of suture removal when IOP is too high or low. CONTRIBUTION: The study introduced a novel method for early IOP control after BVT implant.

We report a facile hydrothermal method for the synthesis of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) under two different temperatures, 120 °C (Nb2O5-120) and 150 °C (Nb2O5-150). The obtained materials were characterized by structural, optical and morphological techniques. Also, the photocatalytic properties of the Nb2O5 samples were evaluated in two reactions under ultraviolet (UVC) irradiation: degradation of methylene blue (MB) and indigo carmine (IC) dyes; and esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) present in waste cooking oil (WCO). The Nb2O5 was formed at different temperatures of synthesis, and the increase in temperature did not cause significant changes in the structural and optical characteristics, but resulted in an increased surface area of the synthesized materials. Both synthesized materials showed excellent efficiency for dye photodegradation. The sample Nb2O5-150 presented the best performance for the MB photodegradation, with almost 85% of the removal efficiency. In this case, the adsorption of MB molecules on the surface of the material was high due to the favorable electrostatic interaction and also because of its high surface area. For the IC photodegradation, the adsorption was insignificant, and both samples presented approximately 100% of the removal efficiency. These materials were also promising for the reduction of free fat acids in waste oil by photoesterification. NbO Nb O (Nb2O5 12 C Nb2O5120 (Nb2O5-120 15 Nb2O5150. Nb2O5150 . (Nb2O5-150) techniques Also Nb2O UVC (UVC irradiation (MB (IC dyes FFA (FFA WCO. WCO (WCO) characteristics photodegradation Nb2O5-15 85 case insignificant 100 photoesterification (Nb2O 1 Nb2O512 (Nb2O5-12 Nb2O515 (Nb2O5-150 (WCO Nb2O5-1 8 10 Nb2O51 (Nb2O5-1 (Nb2O5-15 Nb2O5- (Nb2O5-

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor used in different commercial polymers, is a persistent pollutant commonly found in effluents. Conventional wastewater treatment processes have low chemical removal efficiency and are expensive. This work evaluated BPA removal using laccase enzyme produced from white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. For the enzymatic production, residues of acai berry and pineapple were used as laccase inducers. The use of natural inducers led to a high enzyme production (1139 and 1031 U mL−1 to acai and pineapple, respectively). Bisphenol A was removed to a concentration lower than LOD (limit of detection) after 4 h. The degradation mechanism of BPA occurred by oxidation of methyl to hydroxymethyl group in a propane portion, with breakdown of the aromatic ring. The developed technology brought to the scene a new green, viable methodology, using vegetable waste, adding value to these residues and bringing an alternative to the BPA treatment. BPA, , (BPA) polymers effluents expensive ostreatus 1139 (113 103 mL1 mL 1 mL− respectively. respectively . respectively) limit detection h portion ring green methodology waste (BPA 113 (11 10 11 (1 (