Resumen: Esta investigación psicométrica analizó la estructura interna y la confiabilidad del Inventario de Estrategias Metacognitivas de O’Neil y Abedi (1996) en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Perú. Para ello, se tomó una muestra intencional de 404 estudiantes de una universidad privada de la ciudad de Arequipa, de los cuales el 54,5% eran varones con una edad promedio de 19 años. Se aplicó la versión de la prueba validada por Vallejos et al. (2012), la cual tiene una estructura de tres factores: autoconciencia, autorregulación y evaluación. Para calcular la validez del instrumento se utilizó el análisis factorial confirmatorio, y para calcular la fiabilidad se emplearon la prueba alfa de Cronbach y la prueba omega de McDonald. Los resultados confirmaron la estructura trifactorial, pero sólo la primera dimensión obtuvo índices de fiabilidad adecuados.

Resumo: Esta pesquisa psicométrica analisou a estrutura interna e a confiabilidade do Inventário de Estratégias Metacognitivas de O’Neil e Abedi (1996) em uma amostra de estudantes universitários do Peru. Para isso, foi retirada uma amostra intencional de 404 estudantes de uma universidade privada da cidade de Arequipa, dos quais 54,5% eram homens com idade média de 19 anos. Foi aplicada a versão do teste validada por Vallejos et al. (2012), que possui uma estrutura de três fatores: autoconsciência, autorregulação e avaliação. A análise fatorial confirmatória foi utilizada para calcular a validade do instrumento e para calcular a confiabilidade, foram utilizados o teste alfa de Cronbach e o teste ômega de McDonald. Os resultados confirmaram a estrutura trifatorial, mas apenas a primeira dimensão obteve índices de confiabilidade adequados.

Abstract: In this psychometric research, the internal structure and reliability of the Metacognitive Strategies Inventory by O’Neil and Abedi (1996) were analyzed in a sample of university students from Peru. For this purpose, an intentional sample of 404 students from a private university in the city of Arequipa was taken, of which 54.5% were men with an average age of 19 years. The version of the test validated by Vallejos et al. was applied, (2012) which has a three-factor structure: Self-knowledge, Self-regulation and Evaluation. To calculate the validity of the instrument, confirmatory factor analysis was applied, and to calculate reliability, Cronbach’s Alpha test and McDonald’s Omega test were applied. The results corroborated the three-factor structure, but only the first dimension obtained adequate reliability indices.

BACKGROUND: Many serious adverse events associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) can be mitigated by timely glucose control during pregnancy, achieved through education and lifestyle choices. The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt and test the preliminary internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the South African English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa versions of the GDM Knowledge Questionnaire (GDMKQ). METHODS: A prospective, observational study was conducted at a high-risk antenatal clinic in South Africa. Pregnant women ≥ 18 years with GDM were consecutively sampled. Semantic equivalence between the original and adapted versions was assessed. Face and content validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were evaluated. RESULTS: The three SA-GDMKQ versions demonstrated good face and content validity. For internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha values were 0.534 for the Afrikaans version, 0.434 for the English version and 0.621 for the isiXhosa version. Test-retest reliability found kappa (standard error [s.e.]) values ranged between −0.03 (0.18) and 0.89 (0.13) for the English version, between −0.07 (0.18) and 0.53 (0.13) for the Afrikaans version and between 0.28 (0.18) and 0.87 (0.17) for the isiXhosa version. All versions of the SA-GDMKQ had a statistically significant (p < 0.001) positive linear correlation between the total scores. CONCLUSION: The English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa SA-GDMKQ versions were found to be feasible and easy to comprehend, although lower internal consistency and test-retest reliability were displayed. Further validation of the psychometric properties of the English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa versions of the SA-GDMKQ among larger sample groups is however warranted. CONTRIBUTION: This study adds to the knowledge around developing and using culturally appropriate questionnaires and outcome measures in research and clinical practice.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE We tested the reliability and validity of the Perceived Stress Scale, an online questionnaire, among college students from low-income Brazilian regions. METHODS We assessed 195 college students from a region with a Gini index of 0.56 for the validity study and a subsample of 117 students for the reliability study, where we evaluated the Perceived Stress Scale with the 14 original items. We also applied the shortened version of the Brief Symptom Inventory with 18 items (BSI-18). The psychometric properties analyzed, including temporal stability, internal consistency, and structural and convergent validity, were assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, unsupervised machine learning, and confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS The questionnaire showed acceptable reliability (temporal stability [rho ≥ 0.32] and internal consistency [alpha ≥ 0.79]). In construct validity, we identified two clusters, “helplessness” and “self-efficacy”, as structure solutions for our sample via unsupervised machine learning. An acceptable fit for the two-factor structure of the scale was indicated by multiple indices (chi-square/degrees of freedom [χ2/df] = 119/76; Tucker-Lewis Index [TLI] = 0.916; Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.930; root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.054; standardized root mean-squared residual [SRMR] = 0.078)) on confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, convergent validity was supported by significant correlations of the BSI-18 Global Severity Index score with perception of helplessness (rho = 0.71) and self-efficacy (rho = -0.42). CONCLUSION The Perceived Stress Scale, which is an online tool, is a reliable and valid self-report tool for college students.

Resumo O estudo tem o objetivo de elaborar um índice que avalie o acesso da população idosa aos serviços de atenção primária à saúde. Para isso, foram selecionados 25 indicadores com potencial para a composição do índice, que foram adaptados para a população idosa e validados por 15 especialistas. Para verificar a concordância entre os juízes, foi utilizado a taxa de concordância e o cálculo do coeficiente de validade de conteúdo para os tópicos clareza, relevância e pertinência. A análise da confiabilidade da consistência interna dos dados foi realizada pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Os indicadores foram adaptados em uma escala percentual e distribuídos em dois subíndices, e ao final foi descrito o procedimento mais apropriado para a construção do índice. A taxa de concordância dos tópicos apresentou médias acima de 80. O alfa de Cronbach demonstrou boa consistência interna, com valores acima de 0,6 e o coeficiente de validade de conteúdo geral ficou em 0,932. O índice de acesso da pessoa idosa à atenção primária à saúde será um índice que varia de 0 a 1, e quanto mais próximo a 1, melhor o acesso da pessoa idosa. Os resultados sugerem que o índice é relevante e apropriado para mensurar a equidade de acesso à saúde de pessoas idosas aos serviços de atenção primária à saúde.

Resumen Este estudio tiene como objetivo desarrollar un índice que evalúe el acceso de la población anciana a los servicios de atención primaria de salud. Para ello, se seleccionaron 25 indicadores con potencial para componer el índice, que fueron adaptados para la población mayor y validados por 15 expertos. Para comprobar el acuerdo entre jueces se utilizó el índice de acuerdo y se calculó el coeficiente de validez de contenido para los temas claridad, relevancia y pertinencia. El análisis de la confiabilidad de la consistencia interna de los datos se realizó mediante el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Los indicadores se adaptaron a una escala porcentual y se distribuyeron en dos subíndices y, al final, se describió el procedimiento más adecuado para construir el índice. La tasa de concordancia Temática presentó promedios superiores a 80. El alfa de Cronbach demostró buena consistencia interna, con valores superiores a 0,6 y el coeficiente de validez de contenido general fue de 0,932. El índice de acceso de las personas mayores a la atención primaria de salud será un índice que varía de 0 a 1, y cuanto más se acerque a 1, mejor será el acceso de las personas mayores. Los resultados sugieren que el índice es relevante y apropiado para medir la equidad del acceso de las personas mayores a los servicios de atención primaria de salud.

Abstract The scope of this study was to develop an index to assess the access of the elderly population to primary health care services. To this end, 25 indicators with potential for composing the index were selected, adapted for the elderly population and validated by 15 specialists. To verify agreement between the judges, the concordance rate and the calculation of the content validity coefficient for the topics of clarity, relevance, and pertinence were used. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was performed to analyze the reliability of the internal consistency of the data. the indicators were adapted to a percentage scale and distributed into two sub-indices and, in the end, the most appropriate procedure for building the index was described. The concordance rate of the topics revealed averages above 80. Cronbach’s alpha showed good internal consistency, with values above 0.6 and the overall content validity coefficient was 0.932. The elderly access to primary health care index is an index that varies from 0 to 1, and the closer it is to 1, the better the access for the elderly. The results suggest that the index is relevant and appropriate for measuring the equity of access of elderly people to primary health care services.

RESUMEN Introducción: los clubes comunitarios son un modelo de atención participativa que dan respuesta a diversas necesidades de las personas mayores, cuya finalidad es promover la continuidad de su participación dentro de la sociedad con el desarrollo de actividades para mantener una calidad de vida mediante un envejecimiento activo y con éxito. Objetivo: validar una escala de experiencia de vida en los adultos mayores que acuden a los clubes comunitarios adscritos al Centro Metropolitano del Adulto Mayor (CEMAN) en Zapopan, Jalisco, México. Método: participaron 120 adultos mayores de 60 años y más. Se diseñó una escala de 54 preguntas distribuidas en cuatro dimensiones: participación, sentido de pertenencia, redes sociales y sentido de vida. Se empleó el método de cálculo del coeficiente de fiabilidad alfa de Cronbach. Para analizar la validez del cuestionario se realizó un análisis factoriales exploratorios de cada ítem. Resultados: con el análisis de la matriz de componentes rotados se eliminaron ocho preguntas que no lograron ser factibles, por presentar un valor menos al 0,5 quedando un total de 46 reactivos. La escala en su totalidad mostró una fiabilidad de œ=0,96, mostrando tener un nivel alto de acuerdo a esta población de estudio. Conclusión: la escala permitió registrar las experiencias de vida de los adultos mayores miembros de un club comunitario en relación a sus actividades familiares, sociales, afectivas y de ocio que fueron perdiendo durante el proceso de envejecimiento, se registró cómo compensan las actividades que han perdido para sentirse integrados en la sociedad, lo que favorece su calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT Introduction: community clubs are a participatory care model that responds to various needs of older people, whose purpose is to promote the continuity of their participation within society with the development of activities to maintain a quality of life through active aging. and with success. Objective: to validate a life experience scale in older adults who attend community clubs attached to the Metropolitan Center for the Elderly (CEMAN) in Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico. Method: 120 older adults aged 60 and over participated. A scale of 54 questions distributed in four dimensions was designed: participation, sense of belonging, social networks and meaning of life. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient calculation method was used. To analyze the validity of the questionnaire, an exploratory factor analysis of each item was carried out. Results: with the analysis of the matrix of rotated components, eight questions that were not feasible were eliminated because they had a value less than 0.5, leaving a total of 46 items. The scale as a whole showed a reliability of œ=0.96, showing a high level of agreement with this study population. Conclusion: the scale allowed us to record the life experiences of older adult members of a community club in relation to their family, social, emotional and leisure activities that they were losing during the aging process, it was recorded how they compensate for the activities they have lost. to feel integrated into society, which favors their quality of life.

RESUMO Introdução: os clubes comunitários são um modelo de cuidado participativo que responde às diversas necessidades dos idosos, cujo objetivo é promover a continuidade da sua participação na sociedade com o desenvolvimento de atividades para manter a qualidade de vida através do envelhecimento ativo e com sucesso. Objetivo: validar uma escala de experiência de vida em idosos que frequentam clubes comunitários vinculados ao Centro Metropolitano para Idosos (CEMAN) em Zapopan, Jalisco, México. Método: participaram 120 idosos com 60 anos ou mais. Foi elaborada uma escala de 54 questões distribuídas em quatro dimensões: participação, sentimento de pertencimento, redes sociais e sentido da vida. Foi utilizado o método de cálculo do coeficiente de confiabilidade alfa de Cronbach. Para analisar a validade do questionário foi realizada uma análise fatorial exploratória de cada item. Resultados: com a análise da matriz de componentes rotacionados, foram eliminadas oito questões que não eram viáveis por apresentarem valor inferior a 0,5, restando um total de 46 itens. A escala como um todo apresentou confiabilidade de œ=0,96, demonstrando alto nível de concordância com a população deste estudo. Conclusão: a escala permitiu registrar as experiências de vida dos idosos integrantes de um clube comunitário em relação às atividades familiares, sociais, emocionais e de lazer que foram perdendo durante o processo de envelhecimento, registrou-se como eles compensam as atividades que realizam. perderam para se sentirem integrados na sociedade, o que favorece a sua qualidade de vida.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to map the instruments used to assess parental support for physical activity and their constructs and psychometric properties. Data source: A scoping review was conducted, with searches in seven electronic databases and reference lists, covering articles available until April 2022. Original and cross-sectional studies were sought that used questionnaires, inventories or questions to assess parental support for the practice of physical activity and sports by children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years and that assessed the barriers reported by parents or guardians for not offering support. Data synthesis: Of the initial 1739 articles, 21 made up the synthesis. From a general perspective, 11 studies from 5 continents used a questionnaire or inventory or question to assess parental support; the majority of the samples evaluated were made up of girls and mothers. The intraclass correlation coefficient was the most used measure to evaluate the reliability of the instruments (10 studies). To assess the reliability of the instruments, Cronbach’s alpha was the most used measure (13 studies). Conclusions: Only one instrument was constructed respecting the psychometric properties. Authors are advised to consider the importance of following the instrument validity evidence process when developing or adapting instruments. Objective properties source conducted lists 2022 crosssectional cross sectional questionnaires 1 synthesis 173 2 perspective mothers 10 (1 studies. . studies) Cronbachs Cronbach s 13 Conclusions 202 ( 20

RESUMO Objetivo: Mapear os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar o apoio parental à atividade física, seus construtos e suas propriedades psicométricas. Fontes de dados: Foi conduzida uma revisão de escopo, com buscas em sete bases de dados eletrônicas e em listas de referências, que abrangeu artigos disponíveis até abril de 2022. Foram buscados estudos originais e transversais que utilizaram questionários, inventários ou perguntas para avaliar o apoio dos pais para a prática de atividade física e esportes de crianças e adolescentes de 6 a 17 anos e que tenham avaliado as barreiras relatadas pelos pais ou responsáveis para o não oferecimento do suporte. Síntese de dados: Dos 1.739 artigos iniciais, 21 compuseram a síntese. Numa perspectiva geral, 11 estudos, de cinco continentes, utilizaram algum questionário ou inventário ou pergunta para avaliar o suporte parental. A maioria das amostras avaliadas era composta de meninas e mães. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foi a medida mais utilizada para avaliar a confiabilidade dos instrumentos (10 estudos). As medidas mais utilizadas para avaliar a consistência interna dos instrumentos foi o Alpha de Cronbach (13 estudos). Conclusões: Apenas um instrumento foi construído respeitando-se as propriedades psicométricas. Recomenda-se que os autores sigam o processo de evidências de validade de instrumento quando do desenvolvimento ou da adaptação de instrumentos. Objetivo psicométricas escopo referências 2022 questionários 1 1739 739 1.73 iniciais 2 síntese geral continentes mães 10 (1 estudos. . estudos) 13 Conclusões respeitandose respeitando se Recomendase Recomenda 202 173 73 1.7 ( 20 7 1.

Abstract Objective To identify validity evidence of the Brazilian version of the Post-Discharge Coping Difficulty Scale - Adult Form. Methods This methodological study was carried out by means of the stages of translation, back-translation, evaluation by a committee of experts, pre-testing, and validation. Content validation was carried out by a committee of six experts, who evaluated semantic, idiomatic, experimental, and conceptual equivalence. To verify validity evidence, the scale was applied to 100 adult clinical and surgical patients. Principal component analysis was carried out with varimax rotation. Reliability was checked using Cronbach’s alpha, stability using test-retest, and equivalence using inter-rater reliability. The scale’s predictive validity was verified in relation to emergency service use and readmission. Results In the expert committee’s assessment, adjustments were made, and all the items obtained a Content Validity Index higher than 0.80. In the validation stage, the principal component analysis revealed that the best solution would be unifactorial, according to the original scale. The scale’s internal consistency was satisfactory. Test-retest and inter-rater reliability showed no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion The Brazilian version of the 10-item Post-Discharge Coping Difficulty Scale shows good evidence of validity and reliability. It proved to be easy to understand by the participants and represents a useful tool for professionals and researchers in the practice of care. PostDischarge Post Discharge Form translation backtranslation, backtranslation back back-translation experts pretesting, pretesting pre testing, testing pre-testing semantic idiomatic experimental 10 patients rotation Cronbachs Cronbach s alpha testretest, testretest test retest, retest test-retest interrater inter rater scales readmission committees assessment made 080 0 80 0.80 stage unifactorial satisfactory Testretest Test P 0.05. 005 0.05 . 05 0.05) 10item item care 1 08 8 0.8 00 0.0 0.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar las evidencias de validez de la versión brasileña de la Post-Discharge Coping Difficulty Scale - Adult Form. Métodos Estudio metodológico llevado a cabo mediante las etapas de traducción, retrotraducción, revisión por comité de especialistas, prueba piloto y validación. La validación de contenido se realizó por un comité de seis especialistas, que evaluaron las equivalencias semánticas, idiomáticas, experimentales y conceptuales. Se aplicó la escala a 100 pacientes adultos clínicos y quirúrgicos para verificar las evidencias de validez. Se realizó el análisis de los componentes principales con rotación varimax. La fiabilidad se verificó mediante el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, la estabilidad con el test-retest y la equivalencia mediante la fiabilidad entre evaluadores. Se verificó la validez predictiva de la escala con relación a la utilización del servicio de emergencia y readmisión. Resultados Se realizaron adaptaciones en la etapa de revisión del comité de especialistas, y todos los ítems presentaron un índice de validez de contenido superior a 0,80. En la etapa de validación, el análisis de los componentes principales reveló que la mejor solución era unifactorial, según la escala original. La consistencia interna de la escala fue satisfactoria. La fiabilidad test-retest y entre evaluadores no mostraron diferencia estadística (P > 0,05). Conclusión La versión brasileña de la Escala de Dificultad de Enfrentamiento Posalta, que tiene 10 ítems, presenta buenas evidencias de validez y fiabilidad. Demostró ser de fácil comprensión por parte de los participantes y representa una herramienta útil para los profesionales e investigadores de la práctica del cuidado. PostDischarge Post Discharge Form traducción retrotraducción especialistas semánticas idiomáticas conceptuales varimax Cronbach testretest test retest readmisión 080 0 80 0,80 unifactorial original satisfactoria P 0,05. 005 0,05 . 05 0,05) Posalta 1 cuidado 08 8 0,8 00 0,0 0,

Resumo Objetivo Identificar evidências de validade da versão brasileira da Post-Discharge Coping Difficulty Scale - Adult Form. Métodos Estudo metodológico desenvolvido por meio das etapas de tradução, retrotradução, avaliação por comitê de especialistas, pré-teste e validação. A validação de conteúdo foi realizada por comitê de seis especialistas, os quais avaliaram as equivalências semântica, idiomática, experimental e conceitual. Para verificar as evidências de validade, a escala foi aplicada a 100 pacientes adultos clínicos e cirúrgicos. Foi realizada a análise de componentes principais, com rotação varimax. A confiabilidade foi verificada por meio do Coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, quanto à estabilidade, por meio do Teste-Reteste e quanto à equivalência por meio de Confiabilidade Interavaliadores. Verificou-se a validade preditiva da escala em relação à utilização de serviço de emergência e readmissão. Resultados Na avaliação do comitê de especialistas foram realizadas adequações e todos os itens apresentaram um Índice de Validade de Conteúdo superior a 0,80. Na etapa de validação, a análise de componentes principais revelou que a melhor solução seria unifatorial, conforme a escala original. A consistência interna da escala foi satisfatória. A confiabilidade teste-reteste e interavaliadores não mostraram diferença estatística (P > 0,05). Conclusão A versão brasileira da Escala de Dificuldade de Enfrentamento Pós-alta com 10 itens apresenta boas evidências de validade e confiabilidade. Mostrou ser de fácil compreensão pelos participantes e representa uma ferramenta útil para os profissionais e pesquisadores na prática do cuidado. PostDischarge Post Discharge Form tradução retrotradução préteste pré teste semântica idiomática conceitual cirúrgicos varimax Cronbach estabilidade TesteReteste Teste Reteste Interavaliadores Verificouse Verificou se readmissão 080 0 80 0,80 unifatorial original satisfatória testereteste reteste P 0,05. 005 0,05 . 05 0,05) Pósalta Pós alta 1 cuidado 08 8 0,8 00 0,0 0,

Resumen El presente artículo establece la relación de influencia entre la motivación y satisfacción de los visitantes del desierto de la Tatacoa en la región Surcolombiana. La investigación fue de corte cuantitativa, con un abordaje desde el método deductivo y de tipo descriptiva. Así, se elaboró una encuesta con preguntas tipo Likert compuesta por nueve dimensiones para motivación y seis dimensiones para satisfacción. La confiabilidad del modelo se midió con el alfa de Cronbach y la validez con el Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, los dos obtuvieron niveles aceptables. La evaluación del modelo hipotetizado se realizó mediante ecuaciones estructurales. El modelo obtenido evidenció una relación positiva y significativa entre motivación y satisfacción (0.751; p < 0.00) denotando que, a mayor nivel de motivación, mayor será el nivel de satisfacción de los turistas, nacionales y extranjeros. De otra parte, sobresalen las correlaciones en las dimensiones de motivación de Descanso (D) (0,848; p < 0,00), Conocimiento (C) (0,786; p < 0,00), Acceso e Infraestructura (A-I) (0,829; p < 0,00) y Atractivos locales (A) (0,787; p < 0,00), mientras para la satisfacción fueron Economía (Ec) (0,811; p < 0,00) e Infraestructura (In) (0,797; p < 0,00). JEL: L83; M31; Z30, Z32; Z39

Abstract This article establishes the relationship of influence between the motivation and satisfaction of visitors to the Tatacoa desert in the Surcolombian region. The research was quantitative, with a deductive and descriptive approach. Thus, a survey was elaborated with Likert-type questions composed of nine dimensions for motivation and six dimensions for satisfaction. The reliability of the model was measured with Cronbach's alpha and the validity with the Confirmatory Factor Analysis, both of which obtained acceptable levels. The hypothesized model was evaluated using structural equations. The model obtained showed a positive and significant relationship between motivation and satisfaction (0.751; p < 0.00), indicating that the higher the level of motivation, the higher the level of satisfaction of domestic and foreign tourists. On the other hand, the correlations in the motivation dimensions of Rest (D) (0.848; p < 0.00), Knowledge (C) (0.786; p < 0.00), Access and Infrastructure (A-I) (0.829; p < 0.00) and Local Attractions (A) (0.787; p < 0.00), while for satisfaction they were Economy (Ec) (0.811; p < 0.00) and Infrastructure (In) (0.797; p < 0.00). JEL: L83; M31; Z30, Z32; Z39

Resumo Este artigo estabelece a relação de influência entre a motivação e a satisfação dos visitantes do Deserto de Tatacoa na região Surcolombiana. A pesquisa foi quantitativa, com uma abordagem dedutiva e descritiva. Assim, foi elaborada uma pesquisa com perguntas do tipo Likert, composta de nove dimensões para motivação e seis dimensões para satisfação. A confiabilidade do modelo foi medida com o alfa de Cronbach e a validade com a análise fatorial confirmatória, ambas com níveis aceitáveis. O modelo hipotético foi avaliado por meio de equações estruturais. O modelo obtido mostrou uma relação positiva e significativa entre motivação e satisfação (0,751; p < 0,00), indicando que quanto maior o nível de motivação, maior o nível de satisfação dos turistas nacionais e estrangeiros. Por outro lado, destacam-se as correlações nas dimensões de motivação de Descanso (D) (0,848; p < 0,00), Conhecimento (C) (0,786; p < 0,00), Acesso e Infraestrutura (A-I) (0,829; p < 0,00) e Acesso e Infraestrutura (A-I) (0,829; p < 0,00); p < 0,00) e Atratividade local (A) (0,787; p < 0,00), enquanto para satisfação foram Economia (Ec) (0,811; p < 0,00) e Infraestrutura (In) (0,797; p < 0,00). JEL: L83; M31; Z30, Z32; Z39

Resumen Objetivo: Adaptar y validar en el contexto sonorense la Escala para medir Actitudes hacia las Personas Transgénero en Estudiantes Universitarios (EATU) que mide la inclusión de personas trans en Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES). Diseño metodológico: Es un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y no experimental. De tres IES, participaron 860 personas seleccionadas con muestreo no probabilístico e intencional. Se aplicó una escala tipo Likert de 4 puntos que evalúa actitudes transincluyentes. La fiabilidad se obtuvo con alfa de Cronbach y omega de McDonald. Para la validez la muestra se dividió al azar en dos; en la submuestra 1 se llevó a cabo un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y en la submuestra 2 se probó el modelo resultante del AFE mediante un Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales (MEE). Resultados: El AFE arrojó una solución final de la EATU de 32 ítems agrupados en 3 dimensiones denominadas sensibilidad, convivencia y estigma cisexista, con valores de fiabilidad superiores a .90 y de cargas factoriales superiores a .36. El MEE generó un modelo con índices de bondad de ajuste en una solución final de 17 ítems y 3 dimensiones correlacionadas con coeficientes superiores a .46. Limitaciones de la investigación: La medición de actitudes de transinclusión en una sociedad donde se ha documentado que tal constructo está en desarrollo y el no recabar datos demográficos en la muestra sobre sus creencias religiosas. Hallazgos: Un instrumento de medida sobre actitudes transincluyentes para actores sociales clave interesados en la promoción de la inclusión de las personas trans, sus derechos humanos y la igualdad sustantiva.

Abstract Purpose: To adapt and validate in Sonora the scale to measure Attitudes towards Transgender People in University Students (EATU), which measures the inclusion of trans people in Higher Education Institutions (HEIS). Methodological design: Quantitative, cross-sectional and non-experimental study. 860 participants were selected among three HEIS, with non-probabilistic and intentional sampling. A 4-point Likert-type scale survey was applied that evaluates transinclusive attitudes. Reliability was obtained with Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega. For validity, the sample was randomly divided into two; In subsample 1, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was carried out and in subsample 2, the model resulting from the EFA was tested using a Structural Equation Model (SEM). Results: The EFA yielded a final solution EATU of 32 items grouped into 3 dimensions called sensitivity, coexistence and cisexist stigma, with values that demonstrate validity and reliability. The SEM generated a model with indices of fitness in a final solution of 17 items and 3 correlated dimensions with acceptable coefficients. Research limitations: The measurement of transinclusion attitudes in a society where it has been documented that such construct is barely being developing, and the failure to collect demographic data on the sample about their religious beliefs. Findings: A measurement instrument on transinclusive attitudes for key social actors interested in promoting the inclusion of trans people, their human rights and substantive equality.

RESUMEN La investigación se centró en analizar la resolución constructiva de conflictos y las habilidades blandas del liderazgo transformacional en el ámbito educativo, con el objetivo de entender la relación entre la efectividad de la comunicación, la empatía, la gestión emocional y otras competencias en el fortalecimiento de un entorno colaborativo entre docentes y líderes. Para ello, se diseñó una encuesta con ítems específicos que evaluaron dimensiones clave como la claridad en la comunicación, la conexión humana, y la capacidad de escuchar activamente, entre otros. La metodología empleada incluyó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), el cual permitió identificar y agrupar los factores subyacentes de cada dimensión evaluada. Este método fue validado a través del coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, asegurando la consistencia interna del cuestionario y garantizando la fiabilidad de los datos obtenidos. Además, se realizó un análisis de comunalidades que facilitó determinar la representación de cada ítem en el modelo factorial. Entre los resultados más destacados, se encontró una alta representación de ítems asociados a la claridad comunicativa y la escucha activa, lo que sugiere su relevancia en la construcción de relaciones de respeto y confianza. Asimismo, se observó que la capacitación en resolución de conflictos y la retroalimentación útil contribuyeron significativamente al fortalecimiento del ambiente colaborativo. Se concluyó que el desarrollo de habilidades blandas y una comunicación efectiva son fundamentales para la resolución constructiva de conflictos en entornos escolares. Se recomendó implementar programas de capacitación continua en estas áreas para consolidar una cultura organizacional positiva y favorecer el crecimiento profesional de los docentes en el contexto ecuatoriano. Este trabajo destacó por ofrecer una herramienta válida para evaluar competencias interpersonales y su impacto en la gestión de conflictos en el sector educativo.

ABSTRACT The research focused on analyzing constructive conflict resolution and the soft skills of transformational leadership in the educational field, with the aim of understanding the relationship between communication effectiveness, empathy, emotional management and other skills in strengthening a collaborative environment between teachers and leaders. To do so, a survey was designed with specific items that assessed key dimensions such as clarity in communication, human connection, and the ability to actively listen, among others. The methodology used included an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), which allowed the identification and grouping of the underlying factors of each dimension evaluated. This method was validated through Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, ensuring the internal consistency of the questionnaire and guaranteeing the reliability of the data obtained. In addition, a communality analysis was carried out that facilitated determining the representation of each item in the factor model. Among the most notable results, a high representation of items associated with communicative clarity and active listening was found, suggesting their relevance in building relationships of respect and trust. Likewise, it was observed that conflict resolution training and useful feedback contributed significantly to strengthening the collaborative environment. It was concluded that the development of soft skills and effective communication are essential for the constructive resolution of conflicts in school environments. It was recommended to implement continuous training programs in these areas to consolidate a positive organizational culture and promote the professional growth of teachers in the Ecuadorian context. This work stood out for offering a valid tool to evaluate interpersonal skills and their impact on conflict management in the educational sector.

Resumen Introducción: La evaluación docente (ED) permite a los residentes apreciar la calidad de la enseñanza recibida en su formación profesional. Los cuestionarios de opinión son una herramienta efectiva para identificar fortalezas y áreas de mejora de los docentes. La validez y la confiabilidad de estos instrumentos son fundamentales para asegurar la precisión y utilidad de los datos. Materiales y métodos: Se rediseñó el instrumento de ED utilizado en el Plan Único de Especializaciones Médicas, consta de 6 apartados, 4 dimensiones y se añadió una sección sobre el tiempo que dedican los profesores a la clínica, a las clases en el aula y a las tutorías. En el ciclo 2022-2023 se generaron 32.294 cuestionarios que fueron considerados en los análisis estadísticos realizados. Resultados: El tiempo promedio dedicado por los profesores a actividades clínicas fue del 48,35%, en el aula 25,33% y en las tutorías 26,32%. El coeficiente alfa de Cronbach fue 0,99 y el análisis factorial confirmatorio identificó cuatro factores que explican el 89,3% de la variabilidad del cuestionario. Discusión: Los resultados indicaron que los profesores fueron mejor evaluados en profesionalismo, actualización de conocimientos y calidad de la evaluación del aprendizaje, en cambio, el uso de tecnología educativa fue identificado como área de oportunidad. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas según género, las docentes mujeres resultaron mejor evaluadas que los hombres; por el tipo de nombramiento, pues los profesores titulares fueron mejor calificados que los adjuntos; y por especialidades con evaluaciones más altas en las que combinan lo médico con lo quirúrgico.

Abstract Introduction: Teaching evaluation (TE) allows residents to appreciate the quality of the teaching received in their professional training. Opinion questionnaires are an effective tool for identifying strengths and areas of improvement for teachers. The validity and reliability of these instruments are relevant to ensuring the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Materials and methods: The TE instrument used in the Plan Único de Especializaciones Médicas was redesigned, consisting of 6 parts, 4 dimensions, and a section about the time that teachers dedicate to coaching at the clinical practice, teaching in the classroom, and mentoring residents. In the 2022–2023 cycle, 32,294 questionnaires were generated and were considered in the statistical analyses carried out. Results: The average time dedicated by teachers to clinical activities was 48.35%, in class 25.33%, and mentoring 26.32%. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.99, and the confirmatory factor analysis identified four factors that explained 89.3% of the questionnaire's variability. Discussion: The results indicate that teachers were better evaluated in terms of professionalism, knowledge updating, and learning evaluation. In addition, educational technology was identified as an area of opportunity. Furthermore, significant differences were found according to gender; female teachers were better evaluated than men; due to the type of appointment, tenured professors were better qualified than assistant professors; and specialties with the highest evaluations were those that combine medical and surgical characteristics.

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is related to high morbidity and mortality and loss of quality of life. Likewise, hyperparathyroidism is associated to progressive loss of renal function, with increased phosphate and decrease calcium levels, which induce the secretion of parathyroid hormone. Objectives: To translate into Portuguese (Brazil), culturally adapt and validate the questionnaire Parathyroid Symptoms Assessment (PAS), following reliability and validity criteria in patients with chronic kidney disease and hyperparathyroidism. Methods: Methodological and cross-sectional study, carried out at São Lucas Hospital/PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil. The PAS questionnaire validation process followed protocols from previous studies. After translating into Portuguese, it was applied to 100 patients with secondary (SHPT) and tertiary or persistent (THPT) hyperparathyroidism. For PAS validation data, patients responded to the Short Form Health 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. Reliability criteria were evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach’s alpha (α-C). Validity was assessed by Spearman’s correlation coefficient between PAS and SF-36 values. Results: Participant’s mean age was 55.6 ± 15.6 years, 61% was male, and 68% was diagnosed with SHPT. Among 100 patients, 53% performed a PAS retest (ICC = 0.83). The internal reliability by α-C was 0.86. Negative correlations were observed between PAS questions and SF-36 physical and mental domains, which ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the PAS questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable. The PAS questionnaire can be used to evaluate quality of life in Brazilian patients with hyperparathyroidism who speak Portuguese. Introduction CKD (CKD Likewise function levels hormone Objectives Brazil, Brazil , (Brazil) PAS, (PAS) Methods crosssectional cross sectional study HospitalPUCRS Hospital PUCRS Hospital/PUCRS Alegre studies 10 SHPT (SHPT THPT (THPT data 3 SF36 SF (SF-36 ICC Cronbachs Cronbach s αC. αC α C . (α-C) Spearmans Spearman SF-3 values Results Participants Participant 556 55 6 55. 156 15 15. years 61 male 68 53 0.83. 083 0.83 0 83 0.83) 086 86 0.86 domains 03 0. 07 7 0.7 Conclusion reliable (Brazil (PAS 1 SF3 (SF-3 (α-C SF- 5 08 0.8 8 (SF- (SF

Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) está relacionada à elevada morbimortalidade e perda de qualidade de vida. Igualmente, o hiperparatireoidismo está associado à perda progressiva da função renal, com níveis aumentados de fosfato e diminuição de cálcio, que induzem secreção do paratormônio. Objetivos: Traduzir para língua portuguesa (Brasil), adaptar culturalmente e validar o questionário Parathyroid Symptoms Assessment (PAS), seguindo critérios de confiabilidade e validade em pacientes com DRC e hiperparatireoidismo. Métodos: Estudo metodológico e transversal, realizado no Hospital São Lucas/PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brasil. O processo de validação do questionário PAS seguiu protocolos de estudos anteriores. Após tradução para o português, aplicou-se a 100 pacientes com hiperparatireoidismo secundário (HPTS) e terciário ou persistente (HPTT). Para dados de validação do PAS, os pacientes responderam ao questionário Short Form Health 36 (SF-36). Critérios de confiabilidade foram avaliados usando coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) e alfa de Cronbach (α-C). A validade foi avaliada pelo coeficiente de correlação de Spearman entre valores de PAS e SF-36. Resultados: A idade média dos participantes foi 55,6 ± 15,6 anos, 61% eram homens e 68% foram diagnosticados com HPTS. Entre 100 pacientes, 53% realizaram reteste de PAS (CCI = 0,83). A confiabilidade interna por α-C foi 0,86. Observaram-se correlações negativas entre questões do PAS e os domínios físico e mental do SF-36, que variaram de 0,3 a 0,7. Conclusão A versão brasileira do questionário PAS mostrou-se válida e confiável. O questionário PAS pode ser usado para avaliar qualidade de vida em pacientes brasileiros com hiperparatireoidismo que falam português. Introdução (DRC Igualmente cálcio paratormônio Objetivos Brasil, Brasil , (Brasil) (PAS) Métodos transversal LucasPUCRS Lucas PUCRS Lucas/PUCRS Alegre anteriores português aplicouse aplicou se 10 HPTS (HPTS HPTT. HPTT . (HPTT) 3 SF36. SF36 SF (SF-36) CCI αC. αC α C (α-C) 36. SF-36 Resultados 556 55 6 55, 156 15 15, anos 61 68 53 0,83. 083 0,83 0 83 0,83) 086 86 0,86 Observaramse Observaram SF36, 36, 03 0, 07 7 0,7 mostrouse mostrou confiável (Brasil (PAS 1 (HPTT SF3 (SF-36 (α-C SF-3 5 08 0,8 8 (SF-3 SF- (SF- (SF

In reviewing existing literature, scales that deal with peer relations' communicative effectiveness dimension within an educational context were not found. The purpose with this research was to develop a scale for communicative effectiveness of peer relationships for students. A total of 670 students from public/private high schools in Northern Cyprus were selected for this purpose. Using the high school education system in Northern Cyprus, results of scale validity and construct validity tests successfully validated the instrument for "communicative effectiveness of friend relationships." Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.835 confirmed the validity and reliability of the instrument used in the study. From the results of the exploratory factor analysis, this research provides an instrument with 10 different dimensions to predict the educational communication effectiveness of students. The study validated and loaded 10 of the 42 items. As a result, the findings demonstrate that the peer interaction scale developed in this study was appropriate for gauging high school students' overall communicative effectiveness.

RESUMEN Fundamento: el Cuestionario de Estereotipos Negativos hacia la Vejez ha sido uno de los instrumentos más utilizados para evaluar estos estereotipos; sin embargo, no ha sido adaptado lingüística ni culturalmente para profesionales de la salud en Cuba. Objetivo: adaptar lingüística y culturalmente el Cuestionario de Estereotipos Negativos hacia la Vejez para profesionales de la salud en el contexto cubano. Métodos: investigación de desarrollo tecnológico I+D+i, realizado en tres etapas: adaptación lingüística y cultural, evaluación por criterios de expertos y pilotaje en profesionales de la salud. Se combinaron técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas: consulta a lingüistas y expertos, pilotaje, debriefing, alfa de Cronbach (α) y análisis de eliminación de los ítems. Resultados: los lingüistas y expertos propusieron cambios semánticos mínimos a cinco ítems del cuestionario con un CVC = 0,97. Se obtuvo en el pilotaje un α = 0,83 que representó una fiabilidad adecuada. No fue necesario eliminar ningún ítem y las correlaciones ítem total se mantuvieron por encima del nivel mínimo como generalidad. Los resultados del debriefing arrojaron buen entendimiento del cuestionario, lo que permitió responderlo en corto tiempo. Conclusiones: la adaptación lingüística y cultural del Cuestionario de Estereotipos Negativos hacia la Vejez, al español de Cuba, muestra semejanza con la versión original. Se recomienda en estudios posteriores comprobar la fiabilidad y validez del instrumento en una muestra mayor de profesionales de la salud en el contexto cubano.

ABSTRACT Foundation: The Questionnaire on Negative Stereotypes towards Old Age has been one of the most widely used instruments to assess these stereotypes; however, it has not been linguistically or culturally adapted for health professionals in Cuba. Objective: to linguistically and culturally adapt the Questionnaire on Negative Stereotypes towards Old Age for health professionals in the Cuban context. Methods: technological development research R&D&I, carried out in three stages: linguistic and cultural adaptation, evaluation by expert criteria and piloting in health professionals. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were combined: consultation with linguists and experts, piloting, debriefing, Cronbach's alpha (α) and analysis of elimination of items. Results: Linguists and experts proposed minimal semantic changes to five items of the questionnaire with a CVC = 0.97. In the pilot test, an α = 0.83 was obtained, which represented adequate reliability. It was not necessary to eliminate any item and the item-total correlations remained above the minimum level in general. The results of the debriefing showed a good understanding of the questionnaire, which allowed it to be answered in a short time. Conclusions: The linguistic and cultural adaptation of the Negative Stereotypes Questionnaire towards Old Age, to Cuban Spanish, shows similarity with the original version. It is recommended that future studies verify the reliability and validity of the instrument in a larger sample of health professionals in the Cuban context.

Resumen Este estudio se centra en analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Prueba de Homonegatividad Internalizada en individuos homosexuales del departamento de Nariño (Colombia), con el propósito de desarrollar un instrumento pertinente y adaptado para los estudios sobre género y orientación sexual en la región. Se emplea un diseño transversal instrumental de enfoque cuantitativo, con una muestra de 161 participantes, tanto gais como lesbianas, provenientes de 25 municipios de Nariño. La edad de los participantes abarcó un rango de 15 a 87 años, seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia tipo Bola de Nieve. Se aplicaron la Prueba de Homonegatividad Internalizada, la Escala de Reconocimiento de la Orientación Sexual Homosexual y un Cuestionario Sociodemográfico-Generacional. Se realizaron análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, pruebas de correlación y de hipótesis, así como cálculos de Alfa de Cronbach y Omega de McDonald mediante el software JASP V 0.17.1. Los resultados indican que el instrumento muestra una estructura unifactorial que explica el 56.4 % de la varianza común de los datos y una consistencia interna adecuada, con valores de fiabilidad entre 0.828 y 0.894. Estos hallazgos respaldan la fiabilidad de la escala para medir la homonegatividad internalizada en el contexto estudiado.

Abstract This study focuses on analyzing the psychometric properties of the Internalized Homonegativity Test among homosexual individuals in the department of Nariño (Colombia), aiming to develop a relevant and adapted instrument for gender and sexual orientation studies in the region. It employs a quantitative instrumental cross-sectional design with a sample of 161 participants, including both gay and lesbian individuals from 25 municipalities in Nariño. Participants' ages ranged from 15 to 87 years, selected through convenience sampling using the Snowball method. The Internalized Homonegativity Test, the Homosexual Sexual Orientation Recognition Scale, and a Sociodemographic-Generational Questionnaire were administered. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, correlation and hypothesis testing, and calculations of Cronbach's Alpha and McDonald's Omega were conducted using JASP V 0.17.1 software. The results indicate that the instrument exhibits a unifactorial structure explaining 56.4 % of the common variance in the data and adequate internal consistency, with reliability values ranging from 0.828 to 0.894. These findings support the scale's reliability for measuring internalized homonegativity in the studied context.