RESUMEN Programa de Apoyo a los Estudiantes Argentinos (PROG.R.ES.AR) es una política direccionada a jóvenes de hogares desfavorecidos Esta transferencia monetaria condicionada, por población alcanzada y esfuerzo fiscal, constituye la principal iniciativa en Argentina hacia el segmento y una de las más relevantes en América Latina. Este trabajo identifica y sigue en el tiempo a sus beneficiarios, con el objetivo de evaluar el impacto del programa por medio de indicadores laborales, así como de logros educativos. Se utilizaron las metodologías de diferencias en diferencias y de regresión discontinua. Los resultados no permiten dar cuenta de un impacto significativo en las tasas de actividad y empleo de los beneficiarios del programa, ni de una mejora en el logro educativo.

ABSTRACT Programa de Apoyo a los Estudiantes Argentinos (PROG.R.ES.AR) is a conditional cash transfer targeted to students from disadvantaged households. This program intends to tackle youth disparities encouraging youth’s human capital investments to improve labor profiles. In terms of population reach and fiscal effort, PROG.R.ES.AR is the main policy aimed at young people in Argentina and one of the most relevant in Latin America. This work identifies and tracks its beneficiaries over time, in order to evaluate the impact of the program through labor indicators as well as educational achievements. Difference-in-difference and discontinuous regression methodologies were used. The results do not allow us to account for a significant impact on the activity and employment rates of the program’s beneficiaries, nor for an improvement in educational achievement

RESUMEN La integración de las tecnologías en la sala de clases es una situación problemática, que ha impedido al estudiantado incorporarse a la enseñanza digital. La reciente pandemia por el COVID 19 reveló brechas del capital cultural tecnológico familiar, cuestión relevante, porque la familia, es decir, padres y apoderados, son un factor en la integración de tecnología en la sala de clases de sus hijos en enseñanza básica. El objetivo general de esta investigación fue medir el grado de incidencia de la familia en la integración de tecnologías en las aulas. A través de una metodología cuantitativa, una técnica de encuesta, la aplicación de un cuestionario a padres de estudiantes de octavo año básico y el uso de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, se confirmó que, dentro del factor familiar, la disponibilidad de recursos es la variable de mayor incidencia en la integración digital en el aula, con un valor de regresión de 2.002; seguida del capital cultural tecnológico, con un valor de 1.443; y finalmente el uso y competencias tecnológicas, con un peso de 0.614.

ABSTRACT The integration of technologies in the classroom is a problematic situation, which has prevented students from incorporating digital learning. The recent COVID 19 pandemic revealed gaps in the family technological cultural capital, a relevant issue, because the family, i.e. parents and guardians, are a factor in the integration of technology in the classroom of their children in elementary school. The general objective of this doctoral research was to measure the degree of incidence of the family in the integration of technologies in the classroom. Through a quantitative methodology, the survey technique, the application of a questionnaire to parents of eighth grade students and the use of a structural equation model, it was confirmed that, within the family factor, the availability of resources is the variable with the greatest impact on digital integration in the classroom, with a regression value of 2.002; followed by the technological cultural capital, with a value of 1.443; and finally the use and technological skills, with a weight of 0.614.

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta las principales características de las metodologías indígenas que vienen incursionado en las instituciones educativas occidentales. Estas metodologías, basadas en el conocimiento y las tradiciones de las comunidades indígenas, se están haciendo cada vez más populares por su enfoque holístico, respeto ambiental y participación comunitaria. El presente texto sugiere que las metodologías son útiles para abordar los problemas de las comunidades y sus contextos, ya que permiten la generación de conocimiento relevante, su participación en la toma de decisiones y el fomento del cambio social desde una perspectiva descolonizadora. Sin embargo, pese a su potencia, se encuentran desafíos como la falta de recursos, el escaso apoyo institucional y el limitado reconocimiento del conocimiento propio. A pesar de estos obstáculos, las metodologías indígenas poseen un potencial significativo para enriquecer la investigación científica y la educación intercultural.

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta as principais características das metodologias indígenas que estão entrando nas instituições educacionais ocidentais. Essas metodologias, baseadas no conhecimento e nas tradições das comunidades indígenas, estão se tornando cada vez mais populares devido à sua abordagem holística, ao respeito ao meio ambiente e à participação da comunidade. Este texto sugere que as metodologias são úteis para abordar os problemas das comunidades e seus contextos, pois permitem a geração de conhecimento relevante, sua participação na tomada de decisões e a promoção de mudanças sociais a partir de uma perspectiva descolonizadora. Entretanto, apesar de seu potencial, elas enfrentam desafios como a falta de recursos, o apoio institucional limitado e o reconhecimento limitado de seu próprio conhecimento. Apesar desses obstáculos, as metodologias indígenas têm um potencial significativo para enriquecer a pesquisa científica e a educação intercultural.

ABSTRACT This article presents the main characteristics of indigenous methodologies that are entering Western educational institutions. These methodologies, based on the knowledge and traditions of Indigenous communities, are becoming increasingly popular and stand out for their holistic approach, environmental respect, and community participation. The findings suggest that these methodologies are a useful tool for addressing the problems of these communities, as they allow the generation of relevant knowledge, participation in decision-making, and the promotion of social change. However they face challenges such as a lack of resources, limited institutional support, and limited recognition of non-Western knowledge. Despite these obstacles, indigenous methodologies have a significant potential to enrich scientific research and intercultural education.

Resumo: A pandemia da COVID-19 e as restrições associadas tiveram efeitos significativos sobre a saúde mental em nível mundial. Esta pesquisa, parte do estudo global COH-FIT, buscou descrever os efeitos da pandemia sobre a saúde mental de adultos no Uruguai, por meio de uma metodologia de pesquisa online. Estudou-se uma amostra de 1936 adultos entre 18 e 93 anos (M = 43,90; DP = 16,25), sendo a maioria mulheres (81,3 %). Os resultados refletem uma percepção de deterioração do bem-estar, o sono e a sintomatologia ansiosa, depressiva e pós-traumática, ao comparar o período pré-pandemia com o período durante a pandemia. Verificou-se que ser mulher, adulto jovem (18-26 anos), ter nível educacional de ensino fundamental, ou um diagnóstico prévio de saúde mental, estava associado a piores indicadores. Quase um terço dos adultos relatou ideação suicida durante a pandemia. Esses resultados proporcionam informações epidemiológicas regionais e locais relevantes e identificam grupos que devem ser considerados para mitigar os efeitos a longo prazo da pandemia.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions have had significant effects on mental health globally. This study was part of the global COH-FIT project and aimed at describing the effects of the pandemic on the mental health of adults in Uruguay through an online survey methodology. The sample included 1936 adults between 18 and 93 years old (M = 43.90, SD = 16.25), mostly women (81.3 %). The results indicate a self-reported deterioration in well-being, sleep, and anxiety, depressive and post-traumatic symptoms, when comparing the times before and during the pandemic. In addition, female gender, young adulthood (18-26 years), primary education level, or a previous mental health diagnosis were associated with worse mental health indicators. Nearly a third of adults reported suicidal ideation during the pandemic. These results provide relevant regional and local epidemiological information and identify risk groups that should be considered to mitigate the long-term effects of the pandemic.

Resumen: La pandemia de COVID-19 y las restricciones asociadas han tenido efectos significativos sobre la salud mental a nivel mundial. Esta investigación, parte del estudio global COH-FIT, buscó describir los efectos de la pandemia sobre la salud mental de adultos en Uruguay a través de una metodología de encuesta online. Se estudió una muestra de 1936 adultos entre 18 y 93 años (M = 43.90, DE = 16.25), mayormente mujeres (81.3 %). Los resultados reflejan percepción de deterioro del bienestar, el sueño y la sintomatología ansiosa, depresiva y postraumática, al comparar el tiempo pre y durante la pandemia. Se encontró que ser mujer, adulto joven (18-26 años), tener nivel educativo de primaria, o un diagnóstico previo de salud mental se asoció con peores indicadores. Casi la tercera parte de los adultos reportaron ideación suicida durante la pandemia. Estos resultados aportan información epidemiológica regional y local relevante e identifican grupos que deben ser tenidos para mitigar los efectos a largo plazo de la pandemia.

Abstract This text raises a series of reflections on how problematic it would be to assume the discourses that seek to outline the current educational system, without sufficient reflection on the conception of the school, the role of the teacher and the territory in the training processes. This is how three parts are structured, in the first, the implications of thinking about the role of the school from emerging paradigms, current demands and its historical role in society are exposed. In the second part, a series of aspects are exposed around the link between reflection and pedagogical practice. To, finally, put on the table the role of the territory in the training processes and how, from the geopedagogy approach, a relevant and valid field can be found from which to think about training and education today.

Resumo Este texto suscita uma série de reflexões sobre o quão problemático seria assumir os discursos que buscam delinear o sistema educacional atual sem uma reflexão suficiente sobre a concepção de escola, o papel do professor e do território nos processos de formação. É assim que se estruturam três partes, na primeira são expostas as implicações de pensar o papel da escola a partir dos paradigmas emergentes, das demandas atuais e do seu papel histórico na sociedade. Na segunda parte, são expostos uma série de aspectos em torno da ligação entre a reflexão e a prática pedagógica. Para, por fim, colocar em cima da mesa o papel do território nos processos formativos e como, a partir da abordagem da geopedagogia, se pode encontrar um campo relevante e válido a partir do qual pensar a formação e a educação hoje.

Resumen El presente texto plantea una serie de reflexiones en torno a lo problemático que sería asumir los discursos que pretenden delinear el sistema educativo actual sin la suficiente reflexión sobre la concepción de la escuela, el rol del maestro y el territorio en los procesos formativos. Es así como se estructuran tres partes: en la primera, se exponen las implicaciones que tiene pensar el papel de la escuela desde paradigmas emergentes, las demandas actuales y su papel histórico en la sociedad. En la segunda parte, se exponen una serie de aristas en torno al vínculo entre la reflexión y la práctica pedagógica. Para, finalmente, poner sobre la mesa el papel del territorio en los procesos formativos y cómo, desde el enfoque de la geopedagogía, se puede encontrar un campo pertinente y válido a partir del cual pensar la formación y la educación en la actualidad.

Resumo: Embora se saiba que o perfeccionismo desadaptativo conduz a consequências negativas na vida acadêmica, até o momento, não foram encontrados trabalhos científicos que estudem o estresse escolar em relação às três dimensões do perfeccionismo multidimensional (i. e., auto-orientado, socialmente prescrito e orientado para os outros). O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o papel preditivo do perfeccionismo disfuncional no estresse escolar de estudante do nível primário e avaliar a contribuição diferencial de cada uma de suas dimensões. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e correlacional com n = 226 estudantes de escolas primárias da cidade de Posadas, Argentina. Os resultados sugerem que o perfeccionismo prediz o estresse escolar em 31,9 %, especialmente nas dimensões auto- orientada e socialmente prescrita. Na análise de regressão multivariada, o perfeccionismo auto-orientado contribuiu para o estresse emocional e para a tensão interpessoal; o perfeccionismo socialmente prescrito prediz as três dimensões do estresse escolar, enquanto o perfeccionismo orientado para os outros apenas prediz a tensão interpessoal. Estes resultados estão de acordo com o modelo teórico de base e fornecem informações relevantes para aprofundar o conhecimento da dinâmica do perfeccionismo infantil no nível primário escolar.

Abstract: Although it is known that maladaptive perfectionism leads to negative consequences in academic life, so far, no scientific work has been found that studies school stress in relation to the three dimensions of multidimensional perfectionism (i. e., self-directed, socially prescribed, and other-oriented). The aim of this paper was to analyze the predictive role of dysfunctional perfectionism in school stress in primary school students and to assess the differential contribution of each of its dimensions. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted with n= 226 students from primary schools in the city of Posadas, Argentina. The results suggest that perfectionism predicts school stress by 31.9 %, especially in the self-directed and socially prescribed dimensions. In multivariate regression analysis, self-oriented perfectionism contributed to emotional stress and interpersonal tension, socially prescribed perfectionism predicted all three dimensions of school stress, while other-oriented perfectionism only predicted interpersonal tension. These results are in line with the underlying theoretical model and provide relevant information to deepen the understanding of the dynamics of children's perfectionism at the primary school level.

Resumen: Aunque es conocido que el perfeccionismo desadaptativo tiene consecuencias negativas en la vida académica, hasta el momento no se hallaron trabajos científicos que estudien el estrés escolar en relación con las tres dimensiones del perfeccionismo multidimensional (i. e., autorientado, socialmente prescrito y orientado a otros). El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el rol predictor del perfeccionismo disfuncional en el estrés escolar de estudiantes de nivel primario y valorar la contribución diferencial de cada una de sus dimensiones. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, transversal y correlacional con n = 226 estudiantes de escuelas primarias de la ciudad de Posadas, Argentina. Los resultados sugieren que el perfeccionismo predice el estrés escolar en un 31.9 %, sobre todo en las dimensiones autorientada y socialmente prescrita. En el análisis de regresión multivariada, el perfeccionismo autorientado contribuyó al estrés emocional y a la tensión interpersonal, el perfeccionismo socialmente prescrito predijo las tres dimensiones del estrés escolar, mientras que el perfeccionismo orientado a otros solo predijo la tensión interpersonal. Estos resultados son acordes al modelo teórico de base y aportan información relevante para profundizar el conocimiento de la dinámica del perfeccionismo infantil en el nivel primario de la escuela.

Studies offering curriculum framework for institutional internalisation of criminology and forensics studies and Work-Integrated Learning (WIL) within the Criminal Justice System (CJS) are scarce. This article gives a scoping review of these concepts, which are currently presented separately, as they are from distant study fields. As a result, the objective of this article is to establish the current link between criminology and forensic studies to enhance the South African CJS and Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) curriculum frameworks, while integrating theory and practice. This qualitative scoping review was supported by the adapted version of methodology framework by Arksey, Hilary and O'Malley, Lisa of 2005 to search for approximately 9 031 relevant studies from fundamental databases and 139 000 internet sources focusing on South African context and other international countries. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used for data analysis, coupled with the inductive Thematic Content Analysis (TCA). This article confirmed that combining forensic criminology features could transform the South African CJS and HEIs offerings. For recommendations, the Qualifications Board should expedite the registration of forensic criminology as a profession consisting of professional qualification, guided by ethical and disciplinary rules. Overall, limited prioritisations, slow registration process to a "Scientific Board" and advancement of this discipline negatively affect immediate responses to achieve the WIL. The knowledge, attitudes, skills and values gained during participating in the South African Future Professors Programme (FPP) Phase 2 Cohort 1 2022-2023 offered contributions to the field of professorship thereof.

Abstract Introduction: Demographic changes, technological advancements, and new recommendations in resident education necessitate a review the characteristics of obstetrics and gynecology specialization programs in our country. Objective: To evaluate whether the quality standards required by national and international entities are being met by our programs. Method: A Google Forms survey was sent to 18 program coordinators of the 14 universities offering the specialization, including the five campuses of the University of Chile, yielding 16 responses. The survey collected demographic data and relevant characteristics of the training centers. Results: The analyzed programs are quite heterogeneous in most of the items evaluated items, and not all of the nationally and internationally suggested quality criteria are universally met. There are significant differences among training centers regarding residents’ opportunities to perform relevant surgical procedures in our specialty. Conclusions: Coordination and collaboration among program directors are essential to achieve the comprehensive training of specialists with high-quality standards. The use of clinical simulation will also enable adequately expose of residents to procedures that may be less accessible in their hospital practice.

Resumen Introducción: Los cambios demográficos, los avances tecnológicos y las nuevas recomendaciones en docencia de residentes hacen necesario revisar las características de los programas de especialización en obstetricia y ginecología de nuestro país. Objetivo: Evaluar si nuestros programas de especialización cumplen los estándares de calidad exigidos por entidades nacionales e internacionales. Método: Se envió una encuesta de Google Forms a 18 encargados de programas de las 14 universidades que imparten la especialidad, incluyendo las cinco sedes de la Universidad de Chile, obteniéndose 16 respuestas. La encuesta recolectó datos demográficos y características de interés de los centros formadores. Resultados: Los programas analizados son bastante heterogéneos en la mayoría de los ítems evaluados, y no todos los criterios de calidad sugeridos nacional e internacionalmente se cumplen de forma universal. Existen diferencias importantes entre centros formadores en relación con la oportunidad de los residentes de realizar procedimientos quirúrgicos relevantes en nuestra especialidad. Conclusiones: Es esencial la coordinación y colaboración entre jefes de programa para lograr la formación de especialistas integrales y con altos estándares de calidad. El uso de simulación clínica también nos permitirá una adecuada exposición de los residentes a procedimientos que puedan estar menos accesibles en su práctica hospitalaria.

BACKGROUND: Academic exclusion is practised in many national and international higher education institutions (HEIs), significantly impacting students' futures. Associated stress and anxiety remain a source of conflict between all role players. Reasons for, and the rationale behind, academic exclusion are complex and multifactorial OBJECTIVES: To investigate and describe contemporary practices and core themes relating to academic exclusion by reviewing the academic policies and procedures in a sample of six South African HEIs within a health professions education context METHODS: A prospective, pragmatic design was followed. This involved simple content analysis of source documents to identify similarities and differences in approach to academic exclusion, including the rationale and potential implications thereof RESULTS: The rationale for exclusion remains multifactorial. The majority of institutions linked exclusion to continued poor performance and failure to complete qualifications within the maximum time. All institutions allowed for an appeal process; however, this differed significantly between institutions CONCLUSION: There is a clear, defendable rationale for the exclusion, and practices that seek to prevent students from continuing should be guided by policies and procedures that are clear and contextually relevant. While the right to appeal exclusion is supported, arbitrary support for such appeals in the absence of merit defeats the aims, objectives and rationale for exclusion

Abstract The article presented here is based on some reflections on the first findings and the methodology followed in the research that I began in 2021 on the life and work of Dr. María Bertely, which is titled: “María Bertely Academic Activism: contributions and tensions in educational research. The analysis of her intellectual work and pedagogical practice constitutes the object of study that guides this qualitative research and has a narrative biographical approach. This study has made it possible to identify her main contributions by exploring relevant aspects of her interdisciplinary training and academic career. Something that must be highlighted is that most of her contributions focused on collaborative educational research committed to indigenous peoples. The reconstruction and recognition of the work of this great researcher as an academic activist has been carried out through the collection of verbal, observational, and textual data, which, given its great extension, are currently in the process of artisanal analysis. However, preliminary results show the links Dr. Bertely created in various teaching and educational research spaces, which refer to some significant experiences and the main shared learnings. This exploration and inquiry have been possible thanks to the voices of indigenous educators and Mexican academics, and those of other nations, with whom she shared efforts in the multiple projects she coordinated, who have been configured as nodes of the networks she wove. These voices are the ones that are currently naming María.

Resumen El artículo que aquí se presenta se basa en algunas reflexiones sobre los primeros hallazgos y la metodología seguida en la investigación que inicié en el año 2021 sobre la vida y obra de la Dra. María Bertely, misma que lleva por título: “El activismo académico de María Bertely: aportes y tensiones en la investigación educativa”. El análisis de su obra intelectual y práctica pedagógica constituyen el objeto de estudio que orienta esta investigación cualitativa y tiene un enfoque biográfico narrativo. Este trabajo ha permitido identificar sus principales aportes mediante la exploración de aspectos relevantes de su formación interdisciplinaria y trayectoria académica. Un aspecto que cabe resaltar es que la mayoría de sus contribuciones estuvieron enfocadas a la investigación educativa colaborativa y comprometida con los pueblos originarios. La reconstrucción y reconocimiento de la labor de esta gran investigadora como académica activista se ha realizado a través de la recopilación de datos verbales, observacionales y textuales, mismos que, dada su gran extensión, actualmente están en proceso de análisis artesanal. No obstante, se presentan resultados preliminares que dan cuenta de los vínculos que la Dra. Bertely creó en diversos espacios de docencia e investigación educativa, que refieren algunas experiencias significativas y los principales aprendizajes compartidos. Dicha exploración e indagación ha sido posible gracias a las voces de los educadores indígenas y de los académicos mexicanos, y de otras naciones, con los que ella compartió esfuerzos en los múltiples proyectos que coordinó, quienes se han configurado como nodos de las redes que tejió. Estas voces son las que actualmente nombran a María.

Abstract Introduction: the cultural dimension of health, now clearly acknowledged (WHO, 2017), remains insufficiently explored. Particularly, investigating the cultural influence on the effectiveness of health interventions is relevant since, insofar as when such interventions lack meaning from the target population's cosmovision or are not practical in their context, the effectiveness of those interventions may have a limited scope (Bautista-Gómez et al, 2022), creating the need for culturally adapted health interventions. Aim: tto understand how cultural adaptations have been designed and implemented, and how they have contributed to improving health outcomes in low and middle-income countries. Methods: the guiding question was designed following the PICo methodology. PubMED, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were reviewed, the descriptors were established based on the MeSH/DeSC registry, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined. The initial articles were selected based on the appearance of the descriptors in their title and abstract, and then a filtering process was carried out based on the full reading of the texts that led to 14 articles that met the established criteria, on which a thematic analysis was carried out. Results: it was evidenced that: a) interventions are designed based on 3 components: community participation, adjustment of content, and changes in the service delivery; b) aspects related to poverty, vulnerability, and deficiencies in the health system are the main barriers, whilst the inclusion of the community’s beliefs and customs, adaptation to their context, and articulation with the communities and local health institutions are the main facilitators; c) main outcomes are feasibility, effectiveness, improvement of disease’s knowledge and acceptability. Conclusions: cultural adaptation with ethnic groups in vulnerable settings is useful to ensure comprehensive health education and to promote behavioural change to improve mainly the effectiveness and acceptability of health interventions.

Hierdie sewe-jaar longitudinale opvoedingstudie evalueer drie akademiese afleweringsmodusse vir deeltydse MBA-studente in hul Bemarkingsbestuursmodule, naamlik vol kontak (20172019), vol aanlyn tydens COVID-19 se harde inperking (2020-2021 en die daaropvolgende gemengde modus (2022-2023). Die studie het ten doel om te bepaal of die afleweringsmodus studente se akademiese prestasie beduidend beïnvloed. Die eenrigting-variansie-analise (EVA) het beduidende verskille tussen die afleweringsmodusse vir individuele opdragte (normatiewe assessering) en groepgevallestudies (summatiewe assessering) geïdentifiseer. Daar was ook betekenisvolle verskille tussen die akademiese prestasie ten opsigte van die finale saamgestelde portefeulje van kennis (wat as eksamen dien). Hierdie portefeulje bestaan uit 'n prakties-toegepaste bemarkingsplan. Die post-hoc toetse het getoon dat studente aansienlik beter gevaar het tydens die gemengde afleweringsmodus in individuele opdragte, terwyl die volledige aanlyn modus laer punte vir die groepgevallestudies gehad het. Beide die gemengde en volledige kontakmodusse het beduidende opeenvolgende verbetering vir die groepgevallestudies getoon, wat in elke gevallestudie verbetering getoon het namate die semester gevorder het. Dit verskil van volledige aanlyn onderrig. Die gemengde modus het ook aansienlik beter gevaar in die eksamen- en finale modulepunte en het selfs beter gevaar as volkontakklasse.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly transformed the tertiary education landscape. Traditional contact universities were forced abruptly to adopt a full-distance education mode, a situation neither the students nor lecturers were prepared for. Many lectures and teaching activities were developed on the fly as universities struggled to roll out the needed support in double-time for lecturers and students. This new normal for education required integrating technology, advanced communication software, revised assessment techniques, and recognising the need for flexible and adaptable approaches to teaching and learning. Students also evolved and gained technological proficiency, adaptability, time management, soft skills, social media proficiency, and an awareness of health and well-being. Albeit uncertain in redefining the new normal, universities continue to provide quality education. However, exactly how university education should be delivered to a new breed of students in a new business environment is a challenge. This is even more so in the case of executive MBA students. After the hard lockdown and restrictions were lifted on 21 September 2020, the North-West University Business School started to explore other modes of academic content delivery. Reinstating a full contact delivery mode was not an option because of remaining restrictions. High technological investment, online-educated lecturers and students, and benefits and developments during online learning now form a new normal for the Business School. Which teaching method, or rather, which mode of delivery, is the most relevant and adequate? Should the MBA lectures return to the historic full-contact delivery mode, stick with the newly established full online mode, or attempt to integrate the benefits of both into a hybrid mode of delivering business education to a new breed of technology-savvy students? This study, therefore, examines the academic performance of the different delivery modes by comparing data of Executive MBA Marketing management students at the NWU Business School in South Africa. The study examines the academic performance of these students from 2017 up to 2023. The panel database consists of Executive MBA students'marks for the module in Marketing Management from 2017 up to 2023. The database contains marks for individual assignments, groupwork case studies, final individual- and groupwork marks, exam marks and the final module mark. The final assessment is a portfolio of evidence comprising a detailed marketing plan for a product, service, or organisation of choice. The mode of delivery served as the dependent variable, while the independent variables comprised the marks for each assignment (groupwork, individual and portfolio of evidence). Three delivery modes were compared, namely full-contact (2017-2019), full-online (2020-2021), and the post-pandemic hybrid mode currently in effect (2022-2023). The data comprised 630 cases. However, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) used 532 cases to compare the different groupwork assignments (230 full-contact students, 159 full-online students, and 143 hybrid students). Cronbach's alpha coefficient measured the data's reliability, and one-way ANOVA determined significant differences (p<.05) between the academic performance of the three delivery modes. The analysis confirmed that significant differences exist between the modes of delivery for individual assignments, group case studies and exams (p<.05). The Tukey ab post-hoc tests showed that students performed significantly better during the hybrid delivery mode in individual assignments (69.2%) than full contact (63.8%). Regarding the individual assignment, the full online (63.8%) and full contact (63.7%) delivery modes perform significantly worse than the hybrid (69.2%) delivery mode. Regarding the first group case study (Group Assignment 1), full online performs (67.3%) significantly worse than hybrid (71.1%) and full contact (73.6%) delivery modes. There is no significant difference between the hybrid and full contact delivery modes. In the second, third, and fourth group case studies (Group Assignments 2, 3 & 4), the hybrid delivery mode (82.37%, 75.4%, 82.7%) outperforms the full contact (75.4, 80.1%, 86.6%) and full-online (71.4%, 71.4%, 67.8%) modes. The hybrid delivery mode, therefore, proves to be more conducive towards academic performance in group work. Finally, in considering the final module mark, the hybrid delivery mode (71.0%) is significantly higher than the other two delivery modes. However, there is no significant difference between full online (67.5%) and full-contact (67.2%) delivery modes regarding the final module mark. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the better performance in the final module marks is a function of the groupwork where the students analysed case studies together. There are no significant differences in the exam marks between the delivery modes, so better academic performance in the hybrid mode of delivery where groupwork is concerned culminates in the better module mark. Based on the findings, it is evident that the hybrid mode of delivery results in the best academic performance. This observation is based on three reasons, namely 1) students performed better in both the normative and summative assessments during hybrid tuition; 2) there is continuous progressive learning throughout the semester regarding the group case studies (summative assessment). They learn to improve and hone their skills to analyse better and apply business solutions to real-life problems experienced by organisations. This is based on students' improving marks in the group case studies as they become more proficient in analysing and answering the applied case studies because they learn from each case study; and 3) the students perform better academically in their normative assessments and earn higher final module marks (partially due to reason 2). It is concluded that the hybrid delivery mode facilitates the academic performance of post-pandemic executive MBA Marketing management students. JEL KODES: I23, I21, M30

Resumo A formação dos estudantes de Direito exige uma compreensão profunda das teorias do sistema de transferência de bens imóveis. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as posições doutrinárias predominantes e a legislação comparada, identificando os sistemas jurídicos relevantes e contrastando-os com a legislação vigente. A revisão de literatura foi o método principal, utilizando critérios de inclusão e exclusão, com uma abordagem descritiva. Métodos analítico-sintético, interpretativo e hermenêutica jurídica foram aplicados, empregando técnicas de análise documental e observação dos VII e IX Plenos Jurisdicionais Civis da Suprema Corte do Peru. Os resultados indicam que a teoria do título e modo é a que melhor garante a segurança jurídica para as partes envolvidas. Em contraste, o sistema consensual francês, predominante na transferência de bens imóveis, não é eficaz para o adquirente. Isso destaca a importância da teoria do título e modo na formação dos futuros advogados, proporcionando-lhes uma base sólida para compreender e aplicar princípios que garantam a proteção jurídica adequada. Concluise que é essencial promover o registro das transferências de bens imóveis nos registros públicos correspondentes, recomendação fundamentada na necessidade de garantir a segurança jurídica. Esse conhecimento é crucial para os estudantes de Direito, pois não só os prepara para enfrentar desafios jurídicos em sua prática profissional, mas também lhes fornece as ferramentas necessárias para impulsionar reformas legislativas que aprimorem a segurança jurídica nas transferências de bens imóveis.

Resumen La formación de los estudiantes de Derecho requiere una comprensión profunda de las teorías del sistema de transferencia de bienes inmuebles. Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las posturas doctrinales predominantes y la legislación comparada, identificando los sistemas jurídicos relevantes y contrastándolos con la legislación vigente. La revisión de literatura fue el método principal, utilizando criterios de inclusión y exclusión, con un enfoque descriptivo. Se aplicaron métodos analítico-sintético, interpretativo y la hermenéutica jurídica, empleando técnicas de análisis documental y observación del VII y IX Pleno Jurisdiccional Civil de la Corte Suprema del Perú. Los resultados indican que la teoría del título y modo es la que mejor garantiza la seguridad jurídica para los sujetos de derecho. En contraste, el sistema consensual francés, predominante en la transferencia de bienes inmuebles, no resulta efectivo para el adquiriente. Esto resalta la importancia de la teoría del título y modo en la formación de los futuros abogados, ya que les proporciona una base sólida para comprender y aplicar principios que aseguren la protección legal adecuada. Se concluye que es esencial promover la inscripción de la transferencia de bienes inmuebles en los registros públicos correspondientes, recomendación que se fundamenta en la necesidad de garantizar la seguridad jurídica. Este conocimiento es crucial para los estudiantes de Derecho, ya que no solo los prepara para enfrentar desafíos legales en su práctica profesional, sino que también les brinda las herramientas necesarias para impulsar reformas legislativas que mejoren la seguridad jurídica en la transferencia de bienes inmuebles.

Abstract The education of law students requires a deep understanding of the theories behind the real estate transfer system. This study aims to analyze the predominant doctrinal positions and comparative legislation, identifying relevant legal systems and contrasting them with current legislation. The primary method was a literature review, using inclusion and exclusion criteria with a descriptive approach. Analytical-synthetic, interpretive, and legal hermeneutics methods were applied, employing documentary analysis techniques and observing the VII and IX Civil Jurisdictional Plenums of the Supreme Court of Peru. The results indicate that the theory of title and mode best guarantees legal security for the parties involved. In contrast, the French consensual system, predominant in real estate transfers, is not effective for the buyer. This highlights the importance of the theory of title and mode in the education of future lawyers, providing them with a solid foundation to understand and apply principles that ensure adequate legal protection. It is concluded that promoting the registration of real estate transfers in the corresponding public registries is essential, a recommendation based on the need to guarantee legal security. This knowledge is crucial for law students, as it not only prepares them to face legal challenges in their professional practice but also provides them with the necessary tools to drive legislative reforms that enhance legal security in real estate transfers.

Abstract This article proposes to think about Latin American legal foundations for the freedom to learn and teach in the contemporary context of prohibitions of content or methodologies labeled as political-ideological indoctrination or implementation of what became known as “gender ideology”. Based on the proposal of a Latin American Ius Constitutionale Commune, some judgments and advisory opinions relevant to the topic of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the Constitutional Court of Colombia and the Federal Supreme Court of Brazil are analyzed in order to articulate interpretative parameters on freedom of expression, protection of childhood, right to equality and education in an attempt to demonstrate the freedom to learn and teach in basic education as a protected category in inter-American law. politicalideological political ideological gender ideology. ideology . ideology” Commune InterAmerican Inter Rights expression childhood interAmerican inter law

Resumo Neste artigo propõe-se pensar fundamentos jurídicos latino-americanos para a liberdade de aprender e ensinar no contexto contemporâneo de proibições de conteúdos ou metodologias rotulados de doutrinação político-ideológica ou de implementação do que ficou conhecido como “ideologia de gênero”. A partir da proposta de um Ius Constitutionale Commune latinoamericano, analisam-se alguns julgados e opiniões consultivas pertinentes ao tema da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, da Corte Constitucional da Colômbia e do Supremo Tribunal Federal do Brasil para articular parâmetros interpretativos sobre a liberdade de expressão, a proteção da infância, o direito à igualdade e à educação na tentativa de demonstrar a liberdade de aprender e ensinar na educação básica como uma categoria protegida no direito interamericano. propõese propõe se latinoamericanos latino americanos políticoideológica político ideológica ideologia gênero. gênero . gênero” latinoamericano analisamse analisam Humanos expressão infância interamericano

Abstract The present research examines some of the challenges faced by the African Countries of Portuguese Official Language (PALOPs) in consolidating Sociology as a relevant area of knowledge, both in the university and school settings. The justification lies in the lack of studies on African Sociology and the limited cooperation between Brazil and these countries in this field of knowledge. In these emerging nations, both the university and this knowledge area are new and lack institutionalization. The lack of investment in education by the State and linguistic obstacles make the process even more challenging. To address this, a hypothetical-deductive methodology will be employed, using some of the limited bibliographies on the subject, as well as structured and semi-structured interviews with African teachers and students. The results demonstrate a significant potential for cooperation between countries and a mutual willingness to understand what is academically produced. The initiatives already developed indicate the possibility of positive exchanges among teachers, researchers, and students. In conclusion, the article points out that Sociology has a crucial role to play in Africa. In the PALOPs, Brazil is viewed as a major partner in the academic context but is considered less relevant in its potential. Thus, the prospect of closer collaboration is deemed healthy and necessary due to Sociology being a new area of knowledge in African countries.

Resumen La presente investigación analiza algunos de los desafíos enfrentados por los Países Africanos de Lengua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOPs) en la consolidación de la Sociología como un área de conocimiento relevante, tanto en el ámbito universitario como escolar. La justificación radica en la falta de estudios sobre la Sociología africana y la escasa cooperación existente entre Brasil y estos países en este campo del saber. En estos países en desarrollo, tanto la universidad como esta área del conocimiento son nuevas y carecen de institucionalidad. La falta de inversión en educación por parte del Estado, la estructura precaria, las dificultades de cooperación académica y los obstáculos lingüísticos hacen que el proceso sea aún más desafiante. Como metodología hipotético-deductiva, se utilizarán algunas de las escasas bibliografías sobre el tema, así como entrevistas estructuradas y semiestructuradas con profesores y estudiantes africanos. Los resultados demuestran que hay un gran potencial para la cooperación entre los países y una voluntad mutua de conocer lo que se produce académicamente. Las iniciativas ya desarrolladas señalan la posibilidad de intercambios positivos entre profesores, investigadores, estudiantes y formuladores de políticas públicas. En conclusión, el artículo señala que la Sociología tiene un papel importante que desempeñar en África. En los Países Africanos de Lengua Oficial Portuguesa (PALOPs), Brasil es visto como un gran socio en el ámbito académico, pero poco relevante en su potencialidad.