Résumé L’article vise à étudier un parcours unique de réception et de traduction des idées d’Antonio Gramsci au Brésil. Ce travail vise à reconstruire la pensée politique de Fernando Henrique Cardoso pendant la dictature militaire et la transition démocratique brésilienne (1964-1988), en prenant comme fil conducteur l’interprétation et l’utilisation par l’auteur des idées d’Antonio Gramsci au fil du temps pour analyser la formation de l’État, des classes sociales et de la politique au Brésil. Le texte développe l’hypothèse de la centralité des concepts gramsciens dans la pensée de Cardoso en trois phases de réfraction gramscienne : (i) entre 1964 et 1974, dans la thèse de l’hégémonie dépendante de la bourgeoisie au Brésil, (ii) entre 1974 et 1983, dans la défense de l’État brésilien en tant que « Prince modern » comme catégorie d’analyse de la coalition agraire-industrielle-militaire dans la période post-1964, et (iii) de 1983 à 1988, dans la formulation du transformisme autoritaire-éclairées comme comportement des élites économiques et militaires brésiliennes face à la pression pour la démocratisation du régime. L’utilisation par Cardoso des concepts gramsciens est créative à tous ces moments. En d’autres termes, le penseur brésilien s’inspire des concepts gramsciens pour créer son propre lexique d’analyse de la politique brésilienne. L’article explore donc non seulement la réception, mais aussi la traduction des idées de Gramsci chez Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Larticle L article dAntonio d Antonio Brésil 19641988, 19641988 1988 , (1964-1988) linterprétation l interprétation lutilisation utilisation lauteur auteur lÉtat, lÉtat État, État lhypothèse hypothèse i (i 196 lhégémonie hégémonie ii (ii 197 danalyse analyse agraireindustriellemilitaire agraire industrielle post1964, post1964 post 1964, post-1964 iii (iii 198 autoritaireéclairées autoritaire éclairées régime Lutilisation moments dautres autres termes sinspire s inspire 1964198 (1964-1988 19 post196 post-196 196419 (1964-198 1 post19 post-19 19641 (1964-19 post1 post-1 (1964-1 post- (1964- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Resumen El artículo pretende investigar una trayectoria singular de recepción y traducción de las ideas de Antonio Gramsci en Brasil. Este artículo pretende reconstruir el pensamiento político de Fernando Henrique Cardoso durante la dictadura militar y la transición democrática brasileña (1964-1988), tomando como hilo conductor la interpretación y el uso que el autor hizo de las ideas de Antonio Gramsci a lo largo del tiempo para analizar la formación del Estado, las clases sociales y la política en Brasil. El texto desarrolla la hipótesis de la centralidad de los conceptos gramscianos en el pensamiento de Cardoso en tres fases de refracción gramsciana: (i) entre 1964 y 1974, en la tesis de la hegemonía dependiente de la burguesía en Brasil, (ii) entre 1974 y 1983, en la defensa del Estado brasileño como “Príncipe Moderno” como categoría de análisis de la coalición agrario-industrial-militar en el período posterior a 1964, y (iii) entre 1983 y 1988, en la formulación del transformismo autoritario-esclarecido como comportamiento de las élites económicas y militares brasileñas frente a la presión por la democratización del régimen. El uso que Cardoso hace de los conceptos gramscianos es creativo en todos estos momentos. En otras palabras, el pensador brasileño se inspira en los conceptos gramscianos para crear su propio léxico de análisis de la política brasileña. El artículo explora, por tanto, no sólo la recepción, sino también la traducción de las ideas de Gramsci en Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Brasil 19641988, 19641988 1988 , (1964-1988) gramsciana i (i 196 ii (ii 197 Príncipe Moderno agrarioindustrialmilitar agrario industrial iii (iii 198 autoritarioesclarecido autoritario esclarecido régimen momentos palabras explora tanto 1964198 (1964-1988 19 196419 (1964-198 1 19641 (1964-19 (1964-1 (1964- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Abstract This article aims to investigate a unique path in the reception and translation of Antonio Gramsci’s ideas in Brazil. This work attempts to reconstruct Fernando Henrique Cardoso’s political thought during the Brazilian military dictatorship and democratic transition (1964-1988), focusing on his interpretation and use of Antonio Gramsci’s ideas to analyze state formation, social classes and politics in Brazil. The paper argues that the Gramscian concepts are central to Cardoso’s political thought in three phases of Gramscian refraction: (i) between 1964 and 1974, in the thesis of the Brazilian bourgeoisie’s dependent hegemony; (ii) between 1974 and 1983, in the argument of the Brazilian state as the “Modern Prince” as a concept for the analysis of the agrarian-industrial-military coalition in the post-1964 period; and (iii) from 1983 to 1988, in the definition of the Brazilian economic and military elites’ behavior as a authoritarian-scletortic transformism in the face of the pressures for the democratization of the political regime. Cardoso’s uses of Gramscian concepts are creative at all these moments. That is, the Brazilian thinker draws on Gramscian concepts to create his own lexicon to employ in the analysis of Brazilian politics. The article therefore explores not only the reception, but also the translation of Gramsci’s ideas in Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Gramscis Gramsci s Brazil Cardosos Cardoso 19641988, 19641988 1988 , (1964-1988) formation refraction i (i 196 bourgeoisies bourgeoisie hegemony ii (ii 197 Modern Prince agrarianindustrialmilitary agrarian industrial post1964 post post-196 period iii (iii 198 elites authoritarianscletortic authoritarian scletortic regime moments is 1964198 (1964-1988 19 post196 post-19 196419 (1964-198 1 post19 post-1 19641 (1964-19 post1 post- (1964-1 (1964- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo investigar um percurso singular de recepção e tradução das ideias de Antonio Gramsci no Brasil. Este trabalho visa reconstruir o pensamento político de Fernando Henrique Cardoso durante a ditadura militar e a transição democrática brasileira (1964-1988) tomando como fio condutor a interpretação e uso que esse autor faz das ideias de Antonio Gramsci ao longo do tempo para a análise da formação do Estado, das classes sociais e da política no Brasil. O texto desenvolve a hipótese da centralidade dos conceitos gramscianos no pensamento de Cardoso em três fases de refração gramsciana: i) entre 1964 e 1974, na tese da hegemonia dependente da burguesia no Brasil, ii) entre 1974 e 1983, na defesa do Estado brasileiro como “Príncipe Moderno” enquanto categoria para análise da coalizão agrário-industrial-militar no pós-1964, e iii) de 1983 a 1988, na formulação do transformismo autoritário-esclarecido como comportamento das elites econômicas e militares brasileiras diante da pressão pela democratização do regime. Os usos dos conceitos gramscianos em Cardoso são criativos em todos esses momentos. Isto é, o pensador brasileiro se inspira nos conceitos gramscianos para criar seu próprio léxico a ser utilizado na análise da política brasileira. O artigo explora, portanto, não apenas a recepção, mas também a tradução das ideias de Gramsci em Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Brasil 19641988 1988 (1964-1988 gramsciana i 196 ii 197 Príncipe Moderno agrárioindustrialmilitar agrário industrial pós1964, pós1964 pós 1964, pós-1964 iii 198 autoritárioesclarecido autoritário esclarecido regime momentos é explora portanto 1964198 (1964-198 19 pós196 pós-196 196419 (1964-19 1 pós19 pós-19 19641 (1964-1 pós1 pós-1 (1964- pós- (1964 (196 (19 (1 (

RESUMEN Introducción: la etapa del adulto mayor implica cambios que afectan el bienestar físico y psicológico. La catarata, común en esta población, puede generar frustración y limitaciones diarias y afectar negativamente el bienestar psicológico. La cirugía de catarata favorece el significado que adquiere la vida para la persona y los esfuerzos que permiten conseguir metas valiosas. La autoaceptación, las relaciones positivas con los demás, el dominio del entorno, la autonomía y los propósitos de vida son indicadores de la dinámica del cambio. Objetivo: caracterizar las particularidades del bienestar psicológico en adultos mayores con catarata sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico mediante la técnica de Blumenthal en un solo ojo. Métodos: se utilizó un diseño preexperimental de un solo grupo con un enfoque exploratorio-descriptivo. Los datos se recopilaron pre y poscirugía a partir de la historia clínica, la medición de la agudeza visual con refracción, la entrevista semiestructurada, las encuestas y la escala de Ryff de 28 ítems validada en Cuba. Se realizaron un análisis léxico-gráfico y las pruebas t y de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon. Resultados: se encontraron cambios significativos en la agudeza visual y en el bienestar psicológico de los integrantes de la muestra y se demostró estadísticamente que la mejora en la agudeza visual influyó positivamente en el bienestar psicológico de los pacientes. Conclusiones: aunque estudios anteriores han vinculado la mejora en la agudeza visual después de la cirugía de catarata en adultos mayores con beneficios psicológicos, este aborda específicamente el bienestar psicológico y subraya la necesidad de dar continuidad a esta línea investigativa debido a la posible variabilidad de resultados en distintos contextos y poblaciones.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the stage of the elderly, in Cuba from the age of 60, involves changes that affect physical and psychological well-being. Cataract, common in this population, can generate frustration and daily limitations, negatively affecting psychological well-being. Cataract surgery, by improving visual acuity, can promote social participation, autonomy and functionality and presumably positively influence the psychological well-being of older adults. Objective: to characterize the particularities of psychological well-being in older adults with cataract undergoing surgical treatment by Blumenthal technique in only one eye. Methods: a single-group pre-experimental design was used with an exploratory-descriptive approach. Data were collected pre- and post-surgery from clinical history, measurement of visual acuity with refraction, semi-structured interview, surveys and the 28-item Ryff scale validated in Cuba. A lexical-graphic analysis, t test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were performed. Results: significant changes were found in the visual acuity and psychological well-being of the sample members and it was statistically demonstrated that the improvement in visual acuity had a positive influence on psychological well-being. Conclusions: although previous studies have linked improvement in visual acuity after cataract surgery in older adults with psychological benefits, this study specifically addresses psychological well-being, underscoring the need for more similar investigations given the possible variability of results in different contexts and populations.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Digital visual syndrome or digital visual fatigue is a disease caused by the ocular fatigue provoked by spending much time in front of a screen. Objective: To diagnose the digital visual syndrome in patients under 35 years assisted in the refraction service. Methods: A prospective descriptive and cross-sectional study of patients assisted in the refraction service of the Specialties Polyclinic in Saturnino Lora Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital, was carried out from April to June, 2022. Results: There was a prevalence of patients aged 26 and 35 and female sex; the most frequent symptoms were visual fatigue, ocular burning, dry eye sensation, closely blurred vision, red eye and headache after visual effort. The most used digital devices were the cellphone and the computer with a time of use from one to three hours, with emphasis in the last one with more than 4 hours. The refractive defects constituted the main cause of visual limitations. The patients with digital visual syndrome and some type of ametropia without correction were those with more symptoms, followed by the patients inadequately corrected. Conclusions: This syndrome affects the youngest population to a great extent. The appropriate interrogation and the incorporation of correct procedures in the daily optometric study allowed the diagnosis of such a syndrome in the assisted patients and the pertinent optic correction.

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome visual informático o fatiga visual digital es una enfermedad causada por el cansancio ocular que provoca el pasar mucho tiempo frente a una pantalla. Objetivo: Diagnosticar el síndrome visual informático en pacientes menores de 35 años atendidos en la consulta de refracción. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo y transversal de pacientes atendidos en la consulta de refracción del Policlínico Especialidades del Hospital Provincial Docente Clínicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora, durante el periodo de abril a junio de 2022. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes en las edades comprendidas entre 26 y 35 años y del sexo femenino; los síntomas más frecuentes fueron el cansancio visual, ardor ocular, sensación de ojo seco, visión borrosa de cerca, ojo rojo y el dolor de cabeza después del esfuerzo visual. Los dispositivos digitales más usados fueron el celular y la computadora con un tiempo de uso de una a tres horas, destacándose este último con un tiempo superior a 4 horas. Los defectos refractivos constituyeron la principal causa de limitaciones visuales. Los pacientes con síndrome visual informático y alguna ametropía sin corrección fueron los que mayor cantidad de síntomas tuvieron, seguidos de los pacientes corregidos inadecuadamente. Conclusiones: Este síndrome afecta en gran medida a la población más joven. El adecuado interrogatorio y la incorporación de los procedimientos correctos en el estudio optométrico diario permitió el diagnóstico de tal síndrome en los pacientes atendidos y la corrección óptica pertinente.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the performance of a portable autorefractor as refractor and screening tool for refractive errors in schoolchildren. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. Refractometric measurements of children between 5 and 10 years old were obtained through four methods: 2WIN under non-cycloplegic conditions, and 2WIN, conventional autorefractor, and retinoscopy, under cycloplegic conditions. Correlations and agreement between the methods and accuracy of the portable autorefractor to define whether to prescribe glasses were assessed. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation was 6.87 ± 1.42 years. The portable autorefractor without cycloplegia showed a high correlation with retinoscopy (0.77) but tended to underestimate hyperopia and overestimate high astigmatism. Regarding screening for prescription of glasses in comparison with the reference method “retinoscopy,” the sensitivity of the portable autorefractor without cycloplegia was calculated to be 100,00% and the specificity, 34.3%. Conclusion: The portable autorefractor should be used as a screening tool and, when prescribing glasses, the tendency of underestimating hyperopia and overestimating high astigmatism should be kept in mind. Objective schoolchildren Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional study 1 WIN noncycloplegic non conditions assessed Results 687 6 87 6.8 142 42 1.4 0.77 077 0 77 (0.77 “retinoscopy, 10000 100 00 100,00 specificity 343 34 3 34.3% Conclusion mind 68 8 6. 14 4 1. 0.7 07 7 (0.7 “retinoscopy 1000 100,0 34.3 0. (0. 100, 34. (0 (

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho de um autorrefrator portátil como refrator e ferramenta de triagem para erros de refração em crianças em idade escolar. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal. As medidas refratométricas de crianças de 5 a 10 anos foram obtidas por meio de quatro métodos: 2WIN em condições não cicloplégicas e 2WIN, autorrefrator convencional e retinoscopia, em condições cicloplégicas. Foram avaliadas as correlações e a concordância entre os métodos e a acurácia do autorrefrator portátil para definir a prescrição de óculos. Resultados: A média de idade ± desvio-padrão foi de 6,87 ± 1,42 anos. O autorrefrator portátil sem cicloplegia apresentou alta correlação com a retinoscopia (0,77), mas tendeu a subestimar a hipermetropia e a superestimar o alto astigmatismo. Em relação à triagem para prescrição de óculos em comparação com o método de referência retinoscópio, a sensibilidade do autorrefrator portátil sem cicloplegia foi calculada em 100,00% e a especificidade, em 34,3%. Conclusão: O autorrefrator portátil deve ser usado como ferramenta de triagem e, ao se prescreverem óculos, deve-se ter em mente a tendência de subestimar a hipermetropia e superestimar o alto astigmatismo. Objetivo escolar Métodos transversal 1 WIN Resultados desviopadrão desvio padrão 687 6 87 6,8 142 42 1,4 0,77, 077 0,77 , 0 77 (0,77) astigmatismo retinoscópio 10000 100 00 100,00 especificidade 343 34 3 34,3% Conclusão devese 68 8 6, 14 4 1, 07 0,7 7 (0,77 1000 100,0 34,3 0, (0,7 100, 34, (0, (0 (

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the association of pre--photorefractive keratectomy Schirmer-1 test value with post--photorefractive keratectomy central corneal epithelial thickness, ocular surface disease index score, and uncorrected distance visual acuity. Methods: Patients were categorized according to preoperative Schirmer-1 value: the normal Schirmer Group (n=54; Schirmer-1 test value, >10 mm) and the low Schirmer Group (n=52; Schirmer-1 test value, between 6 and 10 mm). We analyzed ablation depth, visual acuity, result of Schirmer-1 test (with anesthesia), tear film break-up time, ocular surface disease index score, central corneal epithelial thickness, and spherical equivalent refraction. Results: We found significant differences between the groups in Schirmer-1 test value, tear film break-up time, and ocular surface disease index score, both preoperatively and postoperatively (p<0.001). The preoperative central corneal epithelial thicknesses of the two groups were similar (p>0.05). After photorefractive keratectomy, the Schirmer-1 test value and spherical equivalent refraction decreased in both groups (p<0.05), and ocular surface disease index scores and central corneal epithelial thickness values increased in the low Schirmer Group (p<0.001) but not in the normal Schirmer Group (p>0.05). The postoperative central corneal epithelial thicknesses of the low Schirmer Group were significantly higher than those of the normal Schirmer Group (p<0.001). Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity did not differ significantly between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: In patients with low Schirmer-1 test values before photorefractive keratectomy, the corneal epithelium thickened and ocular surface complaints increased during the postoperative period. However, changes in the corneal epithelium did not affect the postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity. To reduce postoperative problems on the ocular surface in these patients, we recommend that dry eye be treated before photorefractive keratectomy. Purpose prephotorefractive pre Schirmer1 1 Schirmer- postphotorefractive post score Methods n=54 n54 n 54 (n=54 >1 mm n=52 n52 52 (n=52 mm. . depth anesthesia, anesthesia , anesthesia) breakup break up time Results p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 0 001 p>0.05. p005 p>0.05 05 (p>0.05) p<0.05, p<0.05 (p<0.05) (p<0.001 Conclusions period However n=5 n5 5 (n=5 > p000 p<0.00 00 p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 p<0.0 (p<0.05 (p<0.00 n= (n= p0 p>0. (p>0.0 p<0. (p<0.0 (n p>0 (p>0. p<0 (p<0. p> (p>0 p< (p<0 (p> (p< (p

The nature of light has always intrigued humanity. Among the texts of ancient Greeks that have survived to our days, there are frequent mentions of light and its nature. The first known book on optics is attributed to Euclid in the 3rd century BCE. The phenomenon of refraction, although known for millennia, resisted a mathematical explanation until the modern age. W. Snellius (Snell) was the first to present the correct equation that related the angles of incidence, refraction, and the speeds of light in each medium during refraction, but he did not publish his results. The publication was made by René Descartes. This result is now known as Snell-Descartes’ law or the law of refraction. Descartes treated light as a particle in his deduction. Huygens, in the 17th century, also deduced this law but treated light as a wave. These results differed in terms of the speed of light in more refractive media. The measurement of speed became possible only in the 18th century and corroborated Huygens’ result, indicating the wave nature of light. Interestingly, in 1905, Einstein explained the photoelectric effect by treating light as a particle (quantum of light). But if light also exhibits corpuscular behavior, shouldn’t it be possible to derive Snell-Descartes’ law by treating it this way? In this work, we will demonstrate that it is possible to derive this law from the corpuscular hypothesis of light. Besides its strong didactic appeal, the work engages in an interesting discussion of the current understanding of science regarding the nature of light. humanity days rd BCE refraction millennia age W Snell (Snell incidence SnellDescartes Snell-Descartes deduction Huygens th media Interestingly 1905 quantum . light) behavior shouldnt shouldn t way appeal 190 19 1

A natureza da luz sempre intrigou a humanidade. Entre os textos dos antigos gregos que sobreviveram até nossos dias, é frequente menções sobre a luz e sua natureza. O primeiro livro conhecido sobre óptica é atribuído a Euclides no século III a.C. O fenômeno da refração, embora conhecido há milênios, resistiu a uma explicação matemática até a idade moderna. W. Snellius (Snell) foi o primeiro a apresentar a equação correta que relacionasse os ângulos de incidência, refração e velocidades da luz em cada meio em uma refração, mas não publicou seus resultados. A publicação foi feita por René Descartes. Esse resultado é conhecido hoje como lei de Snell-Descartes ou lei da refração. Descartes tratou a luz como partícula em sua dedução. Huygens, no século XVII, também deduziu essa lei, mas tratando a luz como onda. Esses resultados diferiam quanto à velocidade da luz em meios mais refringentes. A medida da velocidade só foi possível no século XIX e corroborou o resultado de Huygens indicando a natureza ondulatória da luz. O interessante é que Einstein, em 1905, explica o efeito fotoelétrico tratando a luz como partícula (quantum de energia). Mas se a luz possui também um comportamento corpuscular, não deveria ser possível obter a lei de Snell-Descartes tratando-a dessa forma? Nesse trabalho, mostraremos que é possível obter essa lei partindo da hipótese corpuscular da luz. Além do forte apelo didático, o trabalho faz uma interessante discussão sobre a história do entendimento atual da ciência sobre a natureza da luz. humanidade dias aC C a.C milênios moderna W Snell (Snell incidência SnellDescartes dedução XVII onda refringentes Einstein 1905 quantum energia. energia . energia) tratandoa forma didático 190 19 1

Abstract: Chuang Tzu, one of ancient China’s cultural canons, has been translated into massive English versions in the past century. Consequently, these English renderings, to some extent, reflect the chronological change of reconceptualization of ancient China’s image from the people’s perspective from English-spoken countries. Thus, from the angle of imagology in comparative literature, this paper probes into the recreated ancient China’s images manifested through the refractions and transcreations in the English translations of Chuang Tzu interpreted by overseas translators. As a result, different national images have been found in Chung Tzu’s expedition into the English world, which respectively are a gospel-graced ancient China, a mysterious ancient China, an ecological ancient China and a multi-faceted ancient China. Through a meticulous study of the image variations, the operational mechanism of Sino-foreign translational communication has been clarified to better burrow into the formation of the Westerns’ general impression on the Eastern nation. Abstract Chinas s canons century Consequently renderings extent peoples people Englishspoken spoken countries Thus literature translators result Tzus world gospelgraced gospel graced multifaceted multi faceted variations Sinoforeign Sino foreign Westerns nation

Resumo: O clássico cultural chinês Chuang Tzu foi amplamente traduzido para versões em inglês, durante o século passado. Como resultado, essas traduções em inglês refletem, parcialmente, a conceituação da China antiga que mudou, ao longo do tempo, entre os falantes de inglês de outras nações. Desse modo, o presente artigo investiga as imagens reconstruídas da China antiga, tal como se manifestam nas refrações e transcriações das traduções inglesas de Chuang Tzu, as quais foram interpretadas por tradutores estrangeiros, a partir da perspectiva da imagologia na literatura comparada. Todos esses fatos contribuíram para a descoberta de inúmeras imagens nacionais, através da exploração de Chuang Tzu do mundo anglófono, incluindo uma China antiga mestiça, uma China antiga misteriosa, uma China antiga ecológica e uma China antiga multifacetada. O mecanismo operacional da comunicação translacional sino-estrangeira foi elucidado através de um exame cuidadoso das variações das imagens, a fim de melhor compreender como os ocidentais constroem sua percepção geral sobre a nação oriental. Resumo passado resultado refletem parcialmente mudou tempo nações modo estrangeiros comparada nacionais anglófono mestiça misteriosa multifacetada sinoestrangeira sino estrangeira oriental

This work seeks to present an investigation about the trajectories followed by rays of light passing through refractive index gradients that was entirely carried by high school students. Such trajectories are curved, therefore contradicting the common sense that light should always travel along straight lines. This fact causes the formation of distorted and striated images, similarly to a type of mirage known as Fata Morgana. Using a rectangular aquarium containing solutions with different gradients of sugar or water with a temperature gradient, we analyzed the conditions for image inversion to occur. Also, we were able to reconstruct a distorted image through our theoretical predictions. students curved lines images Morgana gradient occur Also predictions

ABSTRACT Purpose: To investigate the association of pre-photorefractive keratectomy Schirmer-1 test value with post-photorefractive keratectomy central corneal epithelial thickness, ocular surface disease index score, and uncorrected distance visual acuity. Methods: Patients were categorized according to preoperative Schirmer-1 value: the normal Schirmer Group (n=54; Schirmer-1 test value, >10 mm) and the low Schirmer Group (n=52; Schirmer-1 test value, between 6 and 10 mm). We analyzed ablation depth, visual acuity, result of Schirmer-1 test (with anesthesia), tear film break-up time, ocular surface disease index score, central corneal epithelial thickness, and spherical equivalent refraction. Results: We found significant differences between the groups in Schirmer-1 test value, tear film break-up time, and ocular surface disease index score, both preoperatively and postoperatively (p<0.001). The preoperative central corneal epithelial thicknesses of the two groups were similar (p>0.05). After photorefractive keratectomy, the Schirmer-1 test value and spherical equivalent refraction decreased in both groups (p<0.05), and ocular surface disease index scores and central corneal epithelial thickness values increased in the low Schirmer Group (p<0.001) but not in the normal Schirmer Group (p>0.05). The postoperative central corneal epithelial thicknesses of the low Schirmer Group were significantly higher than those of the normal Schirmer Group (p<0.001). Postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity did not differ significantly between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: In patients with low Schirmer-1 test values before photorefractive keratectomy, the corneal epithelium thickened and ocular surface complaints increased during the postoperative period. However, changes in the corneal epithelium did not affect the postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity. To reduce postoperative problems on the ocular surface in these patients, we recommend that dry eye be treated before photorefractive keratectomy. Purpose prephotorefractive pre Schirmer1 1 Schirmer- postphotorefractive post score Methods n=54 n54 n 54 (n=54 >1 mm n=52 n52 52 (n=52 mm. . depth anesthesia, anesthesia , anesthesia) breakup break up time Results p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 0 001 p>0.05. p005 p>0.05 05 (p>0.05) p<0.05, p<0.05 (p<0.05) (p<0.001 Conclusions period However n=5 n5 5 (n=5 > p000 p<0.00 00 p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 p<0.0 (p<0.05 (p<0.00 n= (n= p0 p>0. (p>0.0 p<0. (p<0.0 (n p>0 (p>0. p<0 (p<0. p> (p>0 p< (p<0 (p> (p< (p

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess myopia prevalence in children from public schools of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, in Rio Grande do Sul. Methods: It is a prospective cross-sectional study with a sample of 330 children from public schools of the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, from 5 to 20 years old. The students were submitted to an ophthalmological evaluation including auto-refractor measurements, best corrected and uncorrected visual acuity, subjective refraction under cycloplegia and axial length. The outcomes were prevalence of myopia, high myopia, and low myopia. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to assess the relationship between prevalence and the variable contemplated in the questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of myopia was 17.4% (CI 13.8 – 21.7%). Low and high myopia corresponded to 15.2% (CI 11.9 – 19.3%) and 2.1% (CI 1.1 – 4.1%), respectively. Conclusion: This is the highest prevalence of myopia under cycloplegia found in Brazil to date. Other studies are necessary to understand the prevalence and evolution of the condition in the country. Objective Alegre Sul Methods crosssectional cross sectional 33 2 old autorefractor auto refractor measurements acuity length Pearsons Pearson s chisquared chi squared questionnaire Results 174 17 4 17.4 CI 138 13 8 13. 21.7%. 217 21.7% . 21 7 21.7%) 152 15 15.2 119 11 9 11. 19.3% 193 19 3 1 2.1 1. 4.1%, 41 4.1% , 4.1%) respectively Conclusion date country 17. 21.7 15. 19.3 2. 4.1 21. 19. 4.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de miopia em crianças de escolas públicas da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RS, Brasil). Métodos: Estudo transversal prospectivo, com amostra de 330 estudantes de escolas públicas da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre entre 5 e 20 anos de idade. Os escolares foram submetidos à avaliação oftalmológica completa, incluindo acuidade visual com e sem correção, autorrefração dinâmica e estática, refração subjetiva dinâmica e estática sob cicloplegia e medida do diâmetro axial. Um questionário sobre tempo de uso de telas diário foi aplicado. Os desfechos foram prevalência de miopia, alta miopia e baixa miopia. O teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson foi utilizado para avaliar a relação da prevalência com a variável contemplada no questionário. Resultados: A prevalência de miopia foi de 17,4% (IC95% 13,8-21,7%). Baixa e alta miopia corresponderam a 15,2% (IC95% 11,9-19,3%) e 2,1% (IC95% 1,1-4,1%), respectivamente. Conclusão: Essa é a maior prevalência de miopia sob cicloplegia encontrada no Brasil até a presente data. Outros estudos para entender a prevalência e a evolução da ametropia no país são necessários. Objetivo RS, RS (RS Brasil. . Brasil) Métodos prospectivo 33 2 idade completa correção axial aplicado quiquadrado qui quadrado Resultados 174 17 4 17,4 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95 13,821,7%. 138217 13,8 21,7% 13 8 21 7 13,8-21,7%) 152 15 15,2 11,919,3% 119193 11,9 19,3% 11 9 19 3 11,9-19,3% 1 2,1 1,14,1%, 1141 1,1 4,1% , 1,1-4,1%) respectivamente Conclusão data necessários 17, IC9 (IC9 821 13,821,7% 13821 138 13, 217 21,7 13,8-21,7% 15, 919 11,919,3 11919 119 11, 193 19,3 11,9-19,3 2, 14 1,14,1% 114 1, 41 4,1 1,1-4,1% (IC 82 13,821,7 1382 21, 13,8-21,7 91 11,919, 1191 19, 11,9-19, 1,14,1 4, 1,1-4,1 13,821, 13,8-21, 11,919 11,9-19 1,14, 1,1-4, 13,821 13,8-21 11,91 11,9-1 1,14 1,1-4 13,82 13,8-2 11,9- 1,1- 13,8-

ABSTRACT Keratoconus is an asymmetric bilateral corneal ectasia, in early stages binocular involvement is not evident. Knowledge of the degree of asymmetry in pediatric keratoconus allows timely decisions in patient management. This research was carried out with the objective of describing the clinical characteristics and the treatment of three pediatric cases with different degree of interocular asymmetry of keratoconus, treated in the provincial consultation of pediatric corneal ectasia in Ciego de Avila. Patients showed difference between both eyes in clinical signs, refraction and topographic variables. Patient two was diagnosed with keratoconus in one eye, with no clinical or topographic evidence of the disease in the contralateral eye. All patients showed compound myopic astigmatism in both eyes and optical correction was indicated. Patient one was corrected with glasses, patient two with rigid gas permeable contact lenses and patient three with piggyback in one eye and rigid gas permeable contact lenses in the other eye. They also presented an associated amblyopia and were directed occlusive treatment and near vision tasks in patients two and three. It is common to find interocular asymmetry in pediatric patients with keratoconus due to the difference in progression between the two eyes. Periodic follow-up makes it possible to diagnose the disease in the contralateral eye in patients diagnosed with keratoconus in one eye, to indicate individualized optical correction, especially in the presence of anisometropia, and to monitor the evolution of frequently associated refractive amblyopia.

RESUMEN El queratocono es una ectasia corneal bilateral asimétrica, en etapas iniciales no se evidencia la afectación binocular. El conocimiento del grado de asimetría en el queratocono pediátrico permite tomar decisiones oportunas en el manejo de los pacientes. Se realizó este trabajo con el objetivo de describir las características clínicas y el tratamiento de tres casos pediátricos con diferente grado de asimetría interocular del queratocono, atendidos en la consulta provincial de ectasias corneales pediátricas en Ciego de Ávila. Los pacientes mostraron diferencia entre ambos ojos de los signos clínicos, la refracción y las variables topográficas. Al paciente dos se le diagnosticó queratocono en un ojo, sin evidencias clínicas ni topográficas de la enfermedad en el ojo contralateral. Todos los pacientes mostraron astigmatismo miópico compuesto en ambos ojos y se les indicó corrección óptica. Al paciente uno se le corrigió con cristales, al dos con lentes de contacto rígidos de gas permeable y al tercero con piggyback en un ojo y lentes de contacto rígidos de gas permeable en el otro. Presentaron, además, una ambliopía asociada y se les orientó tratamiento oclusivo y tareas de visión cercana en los pacientes dos y tres. Es frecuente encontrar asimetría interocular en pacientes pediátricos con queratocono por la diferencia de progresión entre ambos ojos. El seguimiento periódico permite diagnosticar la enfermedad en el ojo contralateral en pacientes con diagnóstico de queratocono en un ojo, indicar una corrección óptica individualizada, sobre todo en presencia de anisometropía, y monitorizar la evolución de la ambliopía refractiva asociada con frecuencia.

ABSTRACT Objective: To validate visual acuity measurements using a cross-platform system in an ophthalmological setting. Methods: Visual acuity was assessed at a distance of 5m using two different modalities: printed and digital optotypes. The devices included Android, LG WebOS and Samsung Tizen smart TVs. Optotypes were presented in the logMAR scale. Two modalities, a single row and a block of symbols, presented Sloan letters and Tumbling E symbols. Results: Visual acuity measurements of 190 participants aged 12 to 60 years demonstrated good-to-strong test-retest correlation (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient >0.75) and minimal bias (-0.03 to 0.02 logMAR). Limits of agreement were comparable to other studies (0.13 to 0.26 logMAR), with the smallest values for Tumbling E row presentation in all devices and the highest value for Sloan chart in LG device. Analysis of variance revealed no statistical differences in visual acuity across devices. Sloan letters showed superior visual acuity compared to Tumbling E (p<0.001); however, this difference corresponded to only 2 letters of visual acuity. Conclusion: The digital cross-platform evaluated serves as a versatile substitute for traditional visual acuity assessments in individuals aged 12 years and older. Further research is necessary for patients with visual acuity worse than 0.5 logMAR and to conduct vision screenings in young children. Objective crossplatform cross platform setting Methods m modalities optotypes Android TVs scale symbols Results 19 1 6 goodtostrong good strong testretest test retest Intraclass >0.75 075 0 75 0.03 003 03 (-0.0 002 02 0.0 logMAR. . logMAR) 0.13 013 13 (0.1 026 26 0.2 logMAR, , device p<0.001 p0001 p 001 (p<0.001) however Conclusion older 05 5 0. children >0.7 07 7 00 (-0. 0.1 01 (0. p<0.00 p000 (p<0.001 >0. (-0 (0 p<0.0 p00 (p<0.00 >0 (- ( p<0. p0 (p<0.0 > p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

RESUMO Objetivo: Validar as medições de acuidade visual utilizando um sistema multiplataforma em um contexto clínico oftalmológico. Métodos: A acuidade visual foi avaliada a uma distância de 5m usando duas modalidades diferentes: optotipos impressos e digitais. Os dispositivos incluíram smart TVs Android, LG WebOS e Samsung Tizen. Os optotipos foram apresentados na escala logMAR. Duas modalidades, sendo uma fila única e um bloco de símbolos, apresentaram letras Sloan e os símbolos Tumbling E. Resultados: Medidas de acuidade visual de 190 participantes de 12 a 60 anos demonstraram boa a forte correlação teste-reteste (Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse >0,75) e viés mínimo (-0,03 a 0,02 logMAR). Os limites de concordância foram comparáveis aos de outros estudos (0,13 a 0,26 logMAR), com os menores valores para a apresentação em linha única do Tumbling E em todos os dispositivos e o maior valor para o gráfico Sloan no dispositivo LG. A análise de variância revelou não haver diferenças estatísticas na acuidade visual entre os dispositivos. As letras Sloan mostraram acuidade visual superior em comparação com Tumbling E (p<0,001), no entanto, essa diferença correspondeu a apenas duas letras de acuidade visual. Conclusão: O teste digital multiplataforma serve como um substituto versátil para avaliações tradicionais de acuidade visual em indivíduos a partir de 12 anos de idade. Pesquisas adicionais são necessárias para pacientes com acuidade visual inferior a 0,5 logMAR e a realização de triagens visuais em crianças pequenas. Objetivo oftalmológico Métodos m diferentes digitais Android Tizen Resultados 19 1 6 testereteste reteste Coeficiente >0,75 075 0 75 0,03 003 03 (-0,0 002 02 0,0 . logMAR) 0,13 013 13 (0,1 026 26 0,2 logMAR, , p<0,001, p0001 p p<0,001 001 (p<0,001) entanto Conclusão idade 05 5 0, pequenas >0,7 07 7 00 (-0, 0,1 01 (0, 2 p000 p<0,00 (p<0,001 >0, (-0 (0 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,00 >0 (- ( p0 p<0, (p<0,0 > p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

We present the results of a remote experimental evaluative activity using video analysis in the study of geometric optics. The activity adresses contents concerning refraction of light. This was applied to students of undergraduate courses for the formation of teachers of biology, physics, mathematics, and chemistry, as well as for production and meteorological engineering, enrolled in the Introduction to Physical Sciences I course at the Center for Distance Learning Superior Education of the State of Rio de Janeiro (CEDERJ). Part of the assessments carried out by the students were selected, discussed and presented as a result of this work. optics light biology physics mathematics chemistry engineering CEDERJ. CEDERJ . (CEDERJ) selected work (CEDERJ

Apresentamos os resultados de uma atividade avaliativa experimental a distância utilizando a videoanálise no estudo de óptica geométrica. A atividade aborda o conteúdo da refração da luz. Esta foi aplicada aos estudantes dos cursos de licenciaturas em biologia, física, matemática, química, engenharias de produção e meteorológica inscritos na disciplina de Introdução as Ciências Físicas I do Centro de Educação superior a Distância do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (CEDERJ). Parte das avaliações realizadas pelos estudantes foram selecionadas, discutidas e apresentadas como resultado deste trabalho. geométrica luz biologia física matemática química CEDERJ. CEDERJ . (CEDERJ) selecionadas trabalho (CEDERJ

Abstract The main coal reserves in Brazil are located in the southern region, where the most important coalfield, including the Candiota mine, is found. The mineral exploration and mine planning programs of the companies mining these coal deposits are generally restricted to drilling data and cores, despite the exploratory potential of geophysical methods in coal prospecting. This study aims to investigate the ability of the seismic method known as Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) to identify coal seams in the Candiota area. The MASW method allows obtaining a layer model composed of a low-velocity (blind) layer and/or relatively thin (hidden) layer from the surface wave dispersion curves. The hidden and blind layer problems are pitfalls of the traditional seismic refraction method and the geological settings related to coal seams may encompass both problems. In addition, the Candiota mine has conditions favorable for applying the MASW method due to the shallow depths of the coal seams. The study was based on the analysis of synthetic seismic data generated from a 3-layer conceptual model of the Candiota deposit. The dispersion curves of the fundamental mode of the Rayleigh surface waves were generated and the effects of each of the parameters of the seismic model were evaluated, as well as the relationship between the parameters through objective function tests. A new inversion algorithm capable of obtaining the true model was implemented. The results obtained from the application of the inversion algorithm demonstrated the potential of the MASW method in identifying coal seams from S-wave profiles and proves it to be a powerful tool for coal mineral exploration programs. region coalfield found cores prospecting (MASW area lowvelocity low velocity (blind andor or (hidden addition 3layer 3 deposit evaluated tests implemented Swave S

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os cálculos de potência da lente intraocular e os erros refrativos pós-operatórios em pacientes com alta miopia submetidos à cirurgia de catarata, comparando a refração-alvo prevista e a refração pós-operatória real medida 30 dias após a cirurgia com a fórmula SRK/T. Métodos Esta análise retrospectiva incluiu 39 olhos de 31 pacientes com cirurgia de catarata de facoemulsificação não complicada com implantação de lente intraocular na bolsa. Os comprimentos axiais foram medidos por biometria de coerência óptica ou ultrassônica (imersão), com medidas de axial length (AL) maiores que 26 mm em pacientes com miopia maior que -6.0 D. A refração manifesta foi realizada na consulta pós-operatória de 1 mês, e o equivalente esférico foi analisado. Resultados Após análise de 39 olhos de 31 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de catarata com AL médio de 30,4 (desvio-padrão de 2,2) mm, o equivalente esférico refrativo médio pré-operatório foi de -15,6 (desvio-padrão de 7,6) D, variando de -24,0 a -13,4 D. Aos 30 dias de pós-operatório, o equivalente esférico médio foi de -0,35 (desvio-padrão de 1,1) D, variando de -2,4 a 2,50 D. Conclusão Encontramos uma correlação entre o erro refrativo absoluto e o poder dióptrico da lente intraocular. Contrariando as expectativas, em nosso estudo, a biometria ultrassônica apresentou melhores resultados que o biômetro óptico, provavelmente devido ao pequeno número de pacientes submetidos à biometria óptica, sugerindo que a biometria de imersão bem executada ainda pode produzir resultados satisfatórios. pósoperatórios pós operatórios refraçãoalvo alvo pósoperatória operatória 3 SRKT SRK T SRK/T bolsa imersão, , (imersão) (AL 2 6.0 60 6 0 -6. D mês analisado 304 4 30, desviopadrão desvio padrão 2,2 22 préoperatório pré operatório 15,6 156 15 -15, 7,6 76 7 24,0 240 24 -24, 13,4 134 13 -13, pósoperatório, pósoperatório operatório, pós-operatório 0,35 035 35 -0,3 1,1 11 2,4 -2, 250 50 2,5 expectativas estudo óptico satisfatórios (imersão 6. -6 2, 15, -15 7, 24, -24 13, -13 0,3 03 -0, 1, -2 25 5 - -1 0, -0

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate intraocular lens power calculation and postoperative refractive errors in patients with high myopia undergoing cataract surgery, comparing predicted target refraction and actual postoperative refraction measured 30 days after surgery with SRK/T formula. Methods This retrospective analysis comprised 39 eyes of 31 patients undergoing cataract surgery through phacoemulsification with in-the-bag IOL implantation. Axial length was measured by partial coherence interferometry or immersion ultrasound biometry, with measurements greater than 26 mm and preoperative myopia greater than -6.0 D Manifest refraction was performed at the 1-month postoperative visit, and the spherical equivalent was analyzed. Results After analysis of 39 eyes of 31 patients undergoing cataract surgery with a mean axial length of 30.4 (standard deviation of 2.2) mm, the mean preoperative refractive spherical equivalent was -15.6 (standard deviation of 7.6) D, ranging from -24.0 to -13.4 D. At 30 days postoperatively, the mean spherical equivalent was -0.35 (standard deviation of 1.1) D, ranging from -2.4 to 2.50 D. Conclusion We encountered a correlation between the absolute refractive error and the dioptric power of the intraocular lens. Against expectations, in our study, ultrasound biometry yielded better results than the optical biometer device, probably due to the small number of patients undergoing optical biometry, suggesting that well-performed immersion biometry can still produce satisfactory results. 3 SRKT SRK T formula inthebag bag implantation 2 6.0 60 6 0 -6. 1month month 1 visit analyzed 304 4 30. standard 2.2 22 15.6 156 15 -15. 7.6 76 7 24.0 240 24 -24. 13.4 134 13 -13. postoperatively 0.35 035 35 -0.3 1.1 11 2.4 -2. 250 50 2.5 expectations study device wellperformed well 6. -6 2. 15. -15 7. 24. -24 13. -13 0.3 03 -0. 1. -2 25 5 - -1 0. -0