The recycle and utilization of expired drugs is a challenge for many countries at present. The employment of expired drugs as green corrosion inhibitors is expected to address both drug recycling and corrosion prevention issues, with significant economic and environmental value. Herein, the individually and combination corrosion inhibition performance of expired amoxicillin (AMC) and penicillin V potassium tablets (PVP) for lowcarbon steel in 20% acetic acid solution containing 600 mg L-1 chloride ion are evaluated by electrochemistry and weight loss method. Both the AMC and PVP present the mixed-type corrosion inhibitors mainly affect the cathode process when used individually. The optimum inhibition efficiency is 61.22% (AMC) and 79.21% (PVP), which all appear in 5.0 × 10-3 mol L-1. The AMC and PVP are adsorbed on the steel surface by mixed physisorption and chemisorption, which are consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The corrosion inhibition rate drops sharply when AMC and PVP are combined use with a close mole ratio. But a small amount of PVP significantly enhance the corrosion inhibition effect of AMC, the corrosion inhibition rate from 61.22 to 79.72%. The corrosion inhibition rate of AMC and PVP combination inhibitor decreased with the increase of temperature. issues value Herein (AMC (PVP 20 60 L1 L 1 L- method mixedtype type 6122 61 22 7921 79 21 79.21 PVP, , 50 5 0 5. 103 10 3 10- L1. 1. chemisorption isotherm ratio 61.2 7972 72 79.72% temperature 2 6 612 792 7 79.2 61. 797 79.72 79. 79.7

The selective separation of precious metals from complex aqueous solutions is important in protecting the environment, aquatic ecosystems, water resources and recycling resources. In this study, cysteine-containing polymeric nanoparticles were synthesized using the molecular imprinting (MIP) technique with the mini-emulsion polymerization method. The basis of the polymer design is inspired by affinity of silver to cysteine in biological systems. The synthesized silver ion imprinted (Ag+-IIP) poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate-N -methacryloyl-L-cysteine) poly(HEMA-MAC) nanoparticles were characterized by elemental analysis, zeta sizer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of pH, ionic strength and interaction time on adsorption of Ag+ ions were investigated. In experimental studies, the highest adsorption amount (196.9 mg g1 nanoparticle) was reached in a short period of 40 min at pH 5.0 and 150 mg L-1 concentration. Selectivity studies of synthesized Ag+-IIP nanoparticles against silver (Ag+) ions were carried out in the presence of lithium (Li+), barium (Ba2+), mercury (Hg2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) ions. Experimental results indicate that nanoparticles adsorb Ag+ ions with high selectivity. Ag+-IIP nanoparticles have 3.7, 3.1, 2.4, and 2.6 times more selective or higher affinity for Ag+ ions compared to Li+, Ba2+, Hg2+ and Cd2+ ions, respectively, compared to Ag+-non-imprinted (NIP) nanoparticles. environment ecosystems study cysteinecontaining containing MIP (MIP miniemulsion mini emulsion method systems Ag+IIP AgIIP IIP Ag (Ag+-IIP polyhydroxyethylmethacrylateN poly hydroxyethylmethacrylate N methacryloylLcysteine methacryloyl L -methacryloyl-L-cysteine polyHEMAMAC HEMA MAC poly(HEMA-MAC analysis sizer FTIR (FTIR spectroscopy AFM, AFM , (AFM) SEM. SEM . (SEM) investigated 196.9 1969 196 9 (196. g nanoparticle 4 50 5 0 5. 15 L1 1 L- concentration (Ag+ Li Li+ (Li+) Ba2 Ba Ba2+ (Ba2+) Hg2 Hg (Hg2+ Cd2 Cd (Cd2+ selectivity 37 3 7 3.7 31 3.1 24 2 2.4 26 6 2. respectively Ag+nonimprinted Agnonimprinted non NIP (NIP (AFM (SEM 196. 19 (196 (Ag (Li+ (Ba2+ (Hg2 (Cd2 3. nonimprinted (19 (Li (Ba2 (Hg (Cd (1 (Ba (

Resumo A produção de tintas utilizando resíduos de beneficiamento de granito e mármore é uma nova alternativa para contribuir com o desenvolvimento sustentável na construção civil. Entretanto, a carência de estudos sobre a composição e o desempenho dessas tintas inviabiliza a disseminação desse novo material de construção. Logo, este estudo tem como objetivo investigar a composição dessas tintas utilizando ferramentas estatísticas para obter produtos com desempenho compatível com regulamentações técnicas e tintas comerciais. As formulações de tintas foram definidas através de um planejamento de misturas quaternárias. O teor de sólidos, pH, viscosidade, poder de cobertura e resistência à abrasão foram determinados para todas as amostras. As tintas produzidas com resíduos de granito apresentaram melhor poder de cobertura e resistência à abrasão, pois o resíduo de granito apresenta granulometria mais fina, além de ser predominantemente composto por sílica. Por fim, as tintas produzidas neste estudo e as tintas comerciais apresentaram comportamento semelhante, o que corrobora com o aproveitamento do resíduo do processamento de rochas ornamentais na produção de tintas. civil Entretanto Logo quaternárias sólidos pH viscosidade amostras fina sílica fim semelhante

Abstract The production of paints using waste from granite and marble processing is a new alternative to contribute to sustainable development in civil construction. However, the lack of studies on the composition and performance of these paints makes the dissemination of this new construction material unfeasible. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the composition of these paints using statistical tools to obtain products with performance compatible with technical regulations and commercial paints. The paint formulations were defined through a quaternary mixture planning. The solids content, pH, viscosity, hiding power, and abrasion resistance were determined for all samples. The paints produced with granite waste showed better hiding power and abrasion resistance, as granite waste has a finer granulometry, in addition to being predominantly composed of silica. Finally, the paints produced in this study and the commercial paints showed similar behavior, which supports the use of waste from the processing of ornamental rocks in paint production. However unfeasible Therefore planning content pH viscosity samples granulometry silica Finally behavior

Abstract The organic composition of 65 °% of urban solid waste of the Metropolitan District of Quito originates from food waste, which has negative environmental effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors related to food waste in homes in the capital and characterize urban solid waste management. The study is quantitative and exploratory. An association analysis was performed for the main categorical variables through calculation of statistical chi squared and an assessment of polychoric relation. A descriptive and multi-scale statistical analyses were performed for focus of the social metabolism to characterize waste management. A noteworthy element was the relation between expenses for purchase of food and non-alcoholic beverages in the last month-household income in the last month (p value < 5 %). Between 2012-2021, the most representative median for waste generation corresponded to the Eugenio Espejo administration, with 141470 t/ year, with a metabolic waste rate of 2.45E-05 (t/year). On the other hand, the Tumbaco administration obtained 30217 t/year and 1.22E-05 t/year, respectively.

Resumo A composição orgânica do 65 °% dos resíduos sólidos urbanos do Distrito Metropolitano de Quito provém de restos de alimentos, o qual provoca efeitos negativos ao meio ambiente. O objetivo dessa investigação foi avaliar os fatores incidentes no desperdício de alimentos nos lares da capital e caracterizar a gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. A pesquisa foi quantitativa e exploratória. Fez-se uma análise de associação das variáveis principais com o cálculo do chi-quadrado estatístico e uma avaliação da correlação policórica. Usaram-se análises estadísticos descritivos e multiescala do foco do metabolismo social para caracterizar a gestão dos resíduos. Destacou-se a relação do gasto para a compra de alimentos e bebidas não alcoólicas no último mês -rendas do lar no último mês (p valor < 5 %). Entre os anos 2012-2021, a mediana mais representativa de geração de resíduos foi da administração Eugenio Espejo, com 141 470 t/ano, e uma taxa metabólica de resíduos de 2,45E-05 t/ano. Em contraste, a administração Tumbaco teve 30 217 t/ano e 1,22E-05 t/ano, respetivamente.

Resumen La composición orgánica del 65 % de residuos sólidos urbanos del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito proviene de restos de alimentos, lo que provoca efectos medioambientales negativos. El propósito de esta investigación es evaluar los factores que inciden en el desperdicio de alimentos en los hogares capitalinos y caracterizar la gestión de sus residuos sólidos urbanos. La investigación es cuantitativa de tipo exploratoria. Se realizó un análisis de asociación entre las principales variables categóricas mediante el cálculo del estadístico chi-cuadrado y una evaluación de correlación policórica. Se aplicaron análisis estadístico descriptivo y multiescala del enfoque del metabolismo social para caracterizar la gestión de residuos. Destaca la relación entre el gasto en compra de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas en el último mes -ingreso del hogar en el último mes (p valor < 5 %). Entre 2012-2021, la mediana más representativa de generación de residuos corresponde a la administración Eugenio Espejo, con 141 470 t/año, y su tasa metabólica de residuos de 2,45E-05 t/año. En contraste, la administración Tumbaco obtuvo 30 217 t/año y 1,22E-05 t/año, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT Finding sustainable methods for utilizing biosolids, also known as municipal sewage sludge (SS), presents a pressing challenge in modern waste management practices. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of SS amendment on growth, biochemical, proximate, and heavy metal bioaccumulation parameters of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) fodder crop under field conditions. Trifolium alexandrinum was cultivated using different rates of SS mixing (i.e., T0: 0% as control with no SS application, T1: 5%, and T2: 10%). The results obtained showed a significant (p < 0.05) increment in growth, biochemical, and proximate parameters of T. alexandrinum with an increasing SS mixing rate. The highest productivity of T. alexandrinum fodder (1.92 kg m-2 fw) was observed in the T2 treatment as compared to the control treatment. The heavy metal analysis of shoot and root parts of T. alexandrinum showed that the contents (mg kg-1) of eight elements (Cd 0.02-0.13, Co 0.04-0.08, Cu 5.94-0.05, Cr 0.43-1.68, Fe 7.08-15.93, Ni 0.89-2.90, Mn 1.62-5.38, and Zn 3.30-7.04) increased significantly (p < 0.05) with SS mixing rate. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was below 1 except for Cu and Zn exhibiting their rapid uptake by plants from SS-treated soils. However, dietary intake modeling (DIM < 1) and health risk index (HRI < 1) studies showed that the levels of heavy metals did not exceed the permissible limits in any SS treatment. Overall, SS amendment has a positive impact on the growth, biochemical, proximate, and heavy metal characteristics of T. alexandrinum. Therefore, this study suggested a strategy for low-cost soil fertilization and fodder crop production which could sustainably benefit waste recycling.

ABSTRACT To contribute to knowledge development on global South sustainable entrepreneurship, this work describes how these entrepreneurs seek to sensitize and educate the local community about sustainable living through their business model. Three sustainable companies from the gastronomic sector in northwestern Mexico were studied, focusing attention on the experiences of entrepreneurs and their interactions in the social space. ATLAS.ti qualitative analysis tool was used to encode the text of the in-depth interviews. The results indicate that there are various ways that these entrepreneurs use to sensitize and educate the local community; for example, they raise awareness among their workers and clients about recycling, environmental care, adaptation to local conditions, the importance of changing habits of consumption, and especially of the diverse ways in which the ecosystem can be respected. For these entrepreneurs, sustainable development is a way of life that they share with their community through diverse actions of social interaction.

RESUMEN El artículo tiene como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo de conocimiento sobre emprendimiento sustentable de la región del sur global, describiendo las diversas formas en las que los emprendedores interactúan en el espacio social. Se estudiaron tres empresas sustentables del sector gastronómico del noroeste de México, centrando la atención en las diversas acciones de interacción social en la que estos emprendedores sensibilizan y educan a la comunidad local sobre vida sustentable a través de su modelo de negocio. Se utilizó la herramienta para análisis cualitativo ATLAS.ti para codificar el texto de las entrevistas. Los resultados indican que estos emprendedores concientizan a sus colaboradores y clientes sobre reciclaje, cuidado del medio ambiente, adaptación a las condiciones locales y modificar hábitos de consumo. Para estos emprendedores el desarrollo sustentable es un estilo de vida que comparten con su comunidad mediante diversas acciones de interacción social.

Abstract The research presents a compilation of the strategies for the handling and management of mercury (Hg) carried out by Japan as a promoter and manager of the Minamata Convention. This agreement was established to reduce anthropogenic mercury emissions and prevent pollution worldwide. Article 14 of the agreement focuses on cooperation between the governments involved and provides technical assistance. That is why the activities were developed in the training course “Capacity building for the ratification and implementation of the Minamata Convention on Mercury” carried out in Japan, in which representatives from Ecuador, China, Sudan, Brazil, and Armenia. Ecuador is one of the countries that ratified this agreement in 2013, which is why it is necessary to understand the efforts developed by other countries, with a practical perspective, to know their feasibility and implementation in the long term in the national territory. This study describes the activities implemented in Japan, such as processing contaminated waste in the company Nomura Kohsan Co., Ltd. (Hokkaido), to know high-tech centers such as the National Institute for Minamata Disease (NIMD) and the Ministry of the Environment (MEGJ), and a tour of the environmental restoration project in Minamata Bay. The results demonstrate that the actions and policies adopted in Japan have considerably reduced Hg emissions, maintaining them at stable levels, which ratifies compliance with the different articles outlined in the Minamata Convention. Although efforts have been made in Ecuador to combat illegal mining where Hg and assist in mining districts, it is still among the most polluting countries in the region. Private and government entities must put effort into action plans to mitigate pollution and carry out periodic monitoring of emissions of this metal.

Resumen La investigación presenta una recopilación de las estrategias en el manejo y gestión del mercurio (Hg) que realiza Japón como promotor y gestor del Convenio de Minamata. Este acuerdo fue establecido para reducir las emisiones antropogénicas de mercurio y prevenir su polución a nivel mundial. El artículo 14 del convenio establece la cooperación entre los gobiernos involucrados y la prestación de asistencia técnica. Es por ello que las actividades se desarrollaron en el curso de capacitación “Capacity building for ratification and implementation of Minamata Convention on Mercury”, llevado a cabo en Japón, en el cual participaron representantes de Ecuador, China, Sudán, Brasil y Armenia. Ecuador es uno de los países que ratificó en el 2013 este convenio, por lo cual es necesario comprender los esfuerzos desarrollados por otros países, desde una perspectiva práctica, para poder conocer su factibilidad y ser implementadas a largo plazo en el territorio nacional. Se describen las actividades implementadas, en Japón, como la recolección y procesamiento de residuos contaminados en la empresa Nomura Kohsan Co., Ltd. (Hokkaido), visita a centros de alta tecnología como el Instituto Nacional para la Enfermedad de Minamata (NIMD) y el Ministerio del Ambiente (MEGJ), y recorrido por el proyecto de restauración ambiental en la bahía de Minamata. Los resultados demuestran que las acciones y políticas adoptadas en Japón han reducido considerablemente las emanaciones de Hg llegando a mantenerlas en niveles estables, lo que ratifica el cumplimiento de los distintos artículos expuestos en el Convenio de Minamata. A pesar de que en Ecuador se han hecho esfuerzos para mitigar el uso de Hg, aun así, se encuentra entre los principales países contaminantes de la región. Las entidades privadas y gubernamentales deben esforzarse en planes de acción para mitigar la contaminación y llevar a cabo monitoreos periódicos de las emisiones de este metal.

Resumo Esse trabalho se enquadra no desarrolho sustentável como modelo para a promoção de um crescimento econômico sustentado, inclusivo e sustentável, um emprego pleno e produtivo, e um trabalho decente enquadrado nos eixos ambiental, econômico e social. Analisaram-se as características e condições das associações de recicladores da cidade de Cuenca, com o objetivo de determinar se a conformação delas é uma estratégia adequada para o desarrolho sustentável ou simplesmente uma estratégia de supervivência para grupos vulneráveis. A metodologia utilizada tem um caráter de correlação e misturado, com corte transversal e exploratório, e foi concentrado no estudo de 168 recicladores associados e registrados no EMAC-EP. Os resultados mostraram que a venda coletiva das associações não é uma variável explicativa e influente sob o nível de rendas dos recicladores associados. A conclusão principal foi que a reciclagem associativa não tem características de eficiência, trabalho decente e crescimento econômico apesar de ter o princípio da inclusão de grupos vulneráveis, o qual não fornece garantias que favoreçam o desarrolho sustentável. JEL: Q01 Desarrolho sustentável.

Resumen El presente trabajo se enmarca en el desarrollo sostenible como un modelo que busca promover el crecimiento económico sostenido, inclusivo y sostenible, el empleo pleno y productivo y el trabajo decente enmarcado en los ejes medioambiental, económico y social. Se analizaron las características y condiciones de las asociaciones de recicladores de la ciudad de Cuenca, con la finalidad de determinar si su conformación es considerada una estrategia adecuada de desarrollo sostenible o simplemente configura una estrategia de supervivencia para grupos vulnerables. La metodología empleada, con carácter correlacional y mixta, corte transversal y de carácter exploratorio, se centró en el estudio de 168 recicladores asociados registrados en EMAC-EP. En los resultados destaca que la venta colectiva en las asociaciones no es una variable explicativa e influyente en el nivel de ingreso de un reciclador asociado. La conclusión principal demuestra que el reciclaje asociativo no presenta rasgos de eficiencia, trabajo decente y crecimiento económico, a pesar de tener como principio la inclusión de grupos vulnerables, lo cual no brinda garantías que favorezcan el desarrollo sostenible. JEL: Q01 Desarrollo sostenible.

Abstract This work has a framework based on sustainable development as a model seeking to improve sustainable, inclusive and sustained economic growth, as well as a full, productive employment as well as decent employment within the framework of the environmental, economic and social axes. An analysis was performed on the characteristics and conditions of the recycler associations of the city of Cuenca to determine if the creation of these associations is considered an appropriate strategy for sustainable development or just a survival strategy for vulnerable parties. The methodology in use, with a correlational and mixed, cross-sectioned and exploratory system, was based on the study of 168 associated recyclers registered in EMAC-EP. The results highlight that collective sales in associations are not an explanative, influential variable on the income levels of associated recyclers. The main conclusion shows that associative recycling does not show any hints of efficiency, decent work and economic growth in spite of having as principle the inclusion of vulnerable parties, as it does not provide any warranties favoring sustainable development. JEL: Q01 Sustainable development.

Resumen En este artículo se presentan los resultados de la investigación realizada acerca de la aplicación de la logística inversa en el sector textil de la ciudad de Otavalo con el fin de que las microempresas tengan la posibilidad de reciclar los desechos para luego proceder a una nueva elaboración de un nuevo producto. Por tal motivo, es necesario que se desarrolle el proceso de logística inversa y se tomen decisiones que beneficiarán al medio ambiente y a la sociedad otavaleña. Para el desarrollo de este estudio, inicialmente se realizó un estudio de la literatura que comprendió las definiciones y los tipos de logística inversa, tanto bajo el método cualitativo como el cuantitativo, que permitió estudiar el sector microempresarial textilero por medio de encuestas. Posteriormente, se obtuvieron resultados detallados de productos, materias primas y desechos, con el único propósito de dar el giro que tenían los desechos como destino final el vertedero generando un efecto negativo para el medio ambiente. Con todos los resultados, se propone mejorar los procesos internos y externos de la selección de residuos textiles, con el apoyo de responsabilidad compartida de los stakeholders, como el Gobierno, la Sociedad Civil y las Empresas Públicas, forjando la concientización de la aplicación de la logística inversa en el proceso de planificación, implantación, control y reducción de tiempos mediante el modelo SCOR, buscando la eficiencia y eficacia dentro de las microempresas para obtener al final el retorno de estos residuos para un nuevo producto.

Abstract This article shows the results of the research carried out on the application of reverse logistics in the textile sector of the city of Otavalo, for micro-enterprises to have the possibility of recycling waste and then proceed to a new development of a new product. For this reason, it is necessary to develop the reverse logistics process and make decisions that will benefit the environment of Otavalo City. To develop this study, It was necessary to read initially the literature such asdefinitions, and types of reverse logistics, likewise under the qualitative and quantitative method, which allowed to study of the textile microenterprise sector through surveys. Later detailed results of products, raw materials, and waste were obtained with the sole purpose of turning the waste into a final destination in the landfill generating a negative effect on the environment. With all the results, it is proposed to improve the internal and external processes of the selection of textile waste, with the support of shared responsibility of stakeholders, such as the Government, Civil Society, and Public Companies, forging awareness of the application of reverse logistics in the process of planning, implementation, control and time reduction through the SCOR model, seeking efficiency and effectiveness within micro-enterprises to finally obtain , the return of those waste for a new product

Resumen El ácido L-ascórbico, es un antioxidante natural producido por las plantas y sus frutos. La abundancia de este ácido durante el desarrollo y la maduración poscosecha del mango (Mangifera indica L.) depende de factores genéticos y climáticos. Los mangos se someten a un tratamiento hidrotérmico cuarentenario, antes de su exportación para control de la mosca de la fruta. El un tratamiento hidrotérmico cuarentenario, consiste en sumergir los mangos en agua a 46.1 °C (118 °F) durante 60 a 120 min dependiendo del tamaño, afectando el contenido de ácido L-ascórbico y otros parámetros de calidad del fruto. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto del THC en el contenido de ácido L-ascórbico, la firmeza, el color y la expresión de genes de biosíntesis y reciclaje de ácido L-ascórbico durante la postcosecha del mango. Los mangos ‘Ataulfo’ se cosecharon en madurez fisiológica en Escuinapa, Sinaloa en el año 2019, se sometieron a THC (46.1 °C, 75 min), hidroenfriado (25 °C, 30 min) y se almacenaron a 20 °C por nueve días. Los mangos sometidos al THC mostraron reducción en el contenido de ácido L-ascórbico (p≤ 0.05). La firmeza de la pulpa se comportó similar en frutos con THC y en frutos testigo, mientras que el color externo de los frutos con un tratamiento hidrotérmico cuarentenario e indicó un proceso de maduración adelantado respecto a los frutos testigo (p≤ 0.05). Los niveles de transcritos MiGME1, MiGME2, MiGGP2 y MiMDHAR aumentaron en respuesta al tratamiento, lo que sugiere la activación de la ruta de síntesis y reciclaje para contrarrestar el estrés abiótico ocasionado por el calor al que se sometieron los mangos.

Abstract L-ascorbic acid is a natural antioxidant produced by plants and their fruits. The abundance of this acid during the development and postharvest ripening of mangoes (Mangifera indica L.) depends on genetic and climatic factors. The mangoes undergo a quarantine hydrothermal treatment before being exported to control the fruit fly. A quarantine hydrothermal treatment consists of immersing mangoes in water at 46.1 °C (118 °F) for 60 to 120 min depending on the size, affecting the L-ascorbic acid content and other quality parameters of the fruit. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of QHT on L-ascorbic acid content, firmness, color, and expression of L-ascorbic acid biosynthesis and recycling genes during mango postharvest. ‘Ataulfo’ mangoes were harvested at physiological ripeness in Escuinapa, Sinaloa in 2019, subjected to QHT (46.1 °C, 75 min), hydrocooled (25 °C, 30 min) and stored at 20 °C for nine days. Mangoes subjected to QHT showed a reduction in L-ascorbic acid content (p≤ 0.05). The firmness of the pulp behaved similarly in fruits with QHT and in control fruits, while the external color of the fruits with a quarantine hydrothermal treatment indicated an advanced ripening process compared to the control fruits (p≤ 0.05). The levels of MiGME1, MiGME2, MiGGP2, and MiMDHAR transcripts increased in response to treatment, suggesting activation of the synthesis and recycling pathway to counteract the abiotic stress caused by the heat to which the mangoes were subjected.

Resumen: La alta demanda de materiales plásticos ha sido una tendencia post Covid-19 debido a la necesidad de materiales de protección y empaquetado para productos sanitarios y alimentarios. Sin embargo, esta situación ha agravado la problemática medioambiental asociada a la contaminación por residuos plásticos, debido a su largo tiempo de vida, por lo que en los últimos años se ha intensificado la búsqueda de alternativas de su reciclaje. De igual manera, la disposición final de los catalizadores utilizados en la petroquímica representa un importante desafío, puesto que estos terminan en vertederos, siendo un gran foco de contención por su alto contenido de metales pesados. Con este enfoque, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo la evaluación del uso de catalizadores regenerados FCC provenientes de procesos petroquímicos y su aplicación en el proceso de despolimerización mediante glicólisis del poli-(tereftalato de etileno). El catalizador fue regenerado mediante tratamiento térmico y químico, el mismo que posterior a su análisis fue evaluado en el proceso de glicólisis en cantidades del uno y dos por ciento en masa, comparándolo con otros catalizadores convencionales como el acetato de zinc y la zeolita ZSM-5 en la obtención de bis-hidroxi etilen tereftalato (BHET). Los resultados mostraron un rendimiento muy significativo comparado con los otros catalizadores, así también se demostró que la cantidad de catalizador no presenta influencia significativa en el proceso de despolimerización. Resultados que se muestran como una opción prometedora para combatir la problemática de la aglomeración de materiales plásticos.

Abstract: The high demand for plastic materials has been a post-Covid-19 trend due to the need for protective and packaging materials for sanitary and food products. However, this situation has exacerbated the environmental problem associated with plastic waste pollution, which has led to intensified efforts to find recycling alternatives in recent years. The final disposal of catalysts used in petrochemicals also represents a significant challenge, as they end up in landfills and are a major source of contamination due to their high heavy metal content. This study aims to evaluate the use of regenerated FCC catalysts from petrochemical processes in the depolymerization process of poly-(ethylene terephthalate) by glycolysis. The results showed that the regenerated catalyst had a significant performance compared to conventional catalysts such as zinc acetate and ZSM-5 zeolite in obtaining bis (hydroxyethyl terephthalate) (BHET), and the amount of catalyst did not significantly affect the depolymerization process. These results show a promising option for addressing the problem of plastic waste.

Abstract: The main purpose of the paper was to study the effect of the geometry of recycled plastic fiber on the performance of mortar based on natural limestone residue. The used fibers were collected from plastic waste of polypropylene, resulting from domestic sweeps fabrication. The main test variables were the type of recycled fibers and the fiber fraction. Two types of recycled fibers were used, straight and crimped fibers, having the same length (20 ± 2mm) and the same diameter (0.45 ± 0.07mm). Four dosages of fibers were considered, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2 wt. %. The obtained results show that the geometry of recycled plastic fibers has an important effect on the performances of limestone residue mortar. The addition of recycled fibers to mortar decreases its workability and the decrease is higher with crimped fibers. The results reveal that the limited dosage of recycled plastic fiber necessary to obtain a workable mortar is 1% and 0.5% for straight and crimped fibers, respectively. The benefit of recycled plastic fibers is well observed on the flexural and compressive behavior of limestone residue mortar, but the strength’s values are higher in straight fibers mortar (SFM) than that in crimped fibers mortar (CFM). The microstructure analysis confirms the good performances of the fiber mortar

ABSTRACT Introduction: An opportunity for the local development of Placetas, a municipality in the central region of Cuba, is the use of biogas generated from the swine waste from its Genetic Center as an energy alternative for the drying of different materials available in the area. Objective: To present a technological proposal for a multipurpose dryer for grains, tubers, protein plants and organic fertilizer, using biogas generated from swine waste as an energy source. Materials and Methods: The physicochemical parameters of the streams involved were identified, appropriate technologies were selected, process demands were estimated, and a rotary dryer was designed using the high-temperature method. Results and Discussion: A direct drying scheme was selected in a rotary equipment, ensuring ease in the handling of non-adherent granular solids and using mixtures of air and gases from biogas combustion as an energetic alternative. The technological proposal allows the treatment of 300 kg/h of wet material. It satisfies the drying service provided to productive forms of the area and their own productive needs. For tubers and protein plants, according to their initial humidity, a semi-continuous drying scheme was proposed with two passes and a hopper for storage and recycling of the material. The rotary dryer requires 0.7 m in diameter and 3.0 m in length. Conclusions: The developed proposal satisfies the productive demands with safety, energy efficiency, productivity and sustainability, contributing to the reduction of environmental impact and to the increase of the technical-economic effectiveness.

RESUMEN Introducción: Una oportunidad para el desarrollo local de Placetas, un municipio en la región central de Cuba, es el aprovechamiento del biogás generado con los residuales porcinos de su Centro Genético como alternativa energética para el secado de diferentes materiales disponibles en la zona. Objetivo: Presentar una propuesta tecnológica de secadero multipropósito para granos, tubérculos, plantas proteicas y fertilizante orgánico, que utiliza biogás generado con residuales porcinos como fuente energética. Materiales y Métodos: Se identificaron los parámetros físico-químicos de las corrientes involucradas, se seleccionaron las tecnologías adecuadas, se estimaron las demandas del proceso y se diseñó un secador rotatorio por el método de alta temperatura. Resultados y Discusión: Se seleccionó un esquema de secado directo en un equipo rotatorio, garantizando facilidad en el manejo de los sólidos granulares no adherentes y utilizando mezclas de aire y gases de la combustión del biogás como alternativa energética. La propuesta tecnológica permite tratar 300 kg/h de material húmedo. Se satisface la prestación del servicio de secado a formas productivas de la zona y las necesidades productivas propias. Para tubérculos y plantas proteicas, atendiendo a su humedad inicial, se propuso un esquema de secado semicontinuo con dos pases y una tolva para el almacenamiento y reciclo del material. El secador rotatorio requiere 0,7 m de diámetro y de 3,0 m de longitud. Conclusiones: La propuesta desarrollada satisface las demandas productivas con seguridad, eficiencia energética, productividad y sostenibilidad, contribuyendo a la reducción del impacto ambiental y al incremento de la efectividad técnico económica.

Abstract.- The circular economy and sustainable development are critical issues today, given the growing environmental pollution caused by solid waste, especially plastics. Furthermore, plastic waste has raised significant social concerns and alerted plastic product designers. Therefore, developing or redesigning plastic products in the flexible packaging industry is imperative to ensure their recyclability at the end of their life cycle. It is necessary to ensure that the mechanical and barrier properties of the ecological plastic packaging remain intact for specific uses. The current study aims to redesign flexible packaging, focusing on providing the mechanical and barrier properties of the packaging suitable for food industry applications, thus offering a solution through new design proposals that allow the development of sustainable and flexible packaging, emphasizing material reduction and recyclability. This study assessed and compared the mechanical properties of the proposed packaging with those of existing products. The results demonstrated the feasibility of reducing plastic film thickness or eliminating layers in a tri-laminated structure and transitioning to a bi-laminated structure. This adjustment did not compromise the mechanical and barrier properties; the oxygen barrier remained at 35.39 cc/m 2 *day, and the humidity stood at 0.57 mg/m 2 *day. This investigation led to a 26.48% reduction in the raw material consumption of laminated coils and 12.68% in Doypack type packaging used in food applications. Consequently, the decreased material usage and adoption of monomaterial structures significantly minimized the environmental impact of plastic waste contamination due to the possibility of mechanically recycling the final product.

Resumen.- La economía circular y el desarrollo sostenible son temas críticos hoy en día, dada la creciente contaminación ambiental provocada por los residuos sólidos, especialmente los plásticos. Además, los residuos plásticos han generado importantes preocupaciones sociales y han alertado a los diseñadores de productos plásticos. Por lo tanto, desarrollar o rediseñar productos plásticos en la industria del embalaje flexible es imperativo para garantizar su reciclabilidad al final de su ciclo de vida. Es necesario garantizar que las propiedades mecánicas y de barrera de los envases de plástico ecológicos permanezcan intactas para usos específicos. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo rediseñar los envases flexibles, enfocándose en proporcionar las propiedades mecánicas y de barrera del envase adecuadas para aplicaciones de la industria alimentaria, ofreciendo así una solución a través de nuevas propuestas de diseño que permitan el desarrollo de envases sostenibles y flexibles, enfatizando en la reducción de materiales y la reciclabilidad. Este estudio evaluó y comparó las propiedades mecánicas del embalaje propuesto con las de los productos existentes. Los resultados demostraron la viabilidad de reducir el espesor de la película plástica o eliminar capas en una estructura trilaminada y realizar la transición a una estructura bilaminada. Este ajuste no comprometió las propiedades mecánicas y de barrera; la barrera de oxígeno se mantuvo en 35.39 cc/m 2 *día y la humedad se situó en 0.57 mg/m 2 *día. Esta investigación condujo a una reducción del 26.48% en el consumo de materia prima de bobinas laminadas y un 12.68% en empaque tipo doypack utilizadas en aplicaciones alimentarias. En consecuencia, la disminución del uso de materiales y la adopción de estructuras monomateriales minimizaron significativamente el impacto ambiental de la contaminación por desechos plásticos debido a la posibilidad de reciclar mecanicamente el producto final.

Abstract This article seeks to reflect on the construction of the personal clothing narrative, based on the reconstruction of the inherited family history. Parallelize the memory and the tangible material by putting them in dialogue in a different context from the event itself, updated through a contemporary receiver. It seeks, in turn, to reflect on the superposition of temporalities that are embodied in memories and materialities, written in a timeline and told through written, material or spoken stories. This story heard in the stories, read in the letters and observed in the photographs, is transformed into an investiture that embraces the recipient, endowing him with meaning, containing him, dressing him and composing him beyond his contemporaneity. Based on this conceptualization, we seek to analyze clothing practice as a symbolic act that brings to a present time, a cultural heritage that is resignified from generation to generation. It is intended to analyze the concept of history / story as subjectivity reflecting on the symbolic reconstruction of what is understood as family culture. From stories, photographs and objects of daily use already separated from those who previously owned them, to delve into the emotional reconstruction of the story told of our ancestors, as someone who chooses a garment every day from their wardrobes, in this article will take up the echo of some stories that have survived for several generations. This article is built from the development of “Herencia”, an upcycled capsule of clothing made by the writer, on a journey in time and space towards family ancestors.

Resumen Este artículo busca reflexionar sobre la construcción de la narrativa vestimentaria personal, a partir de la reconstrucción de la historia familiar heredada. Paralelizar el recuerdo y el material tangible poniéndolos en diálogo en un contexto diferente al del hecho en sí, actualizado a través de un receptor contemporáneo. Se busca, a su vez, reflexionar sobre la superposición de las temporalidades que se encarnan en memorias y materialidades, escritas en una línea de tiempo y contada a través de relatos escritos, matéricos o hablados. Esta historia escuchada en los relatos, leída en las cartas y observada en las fotografías, se transforma en una investidura que abraza al receptor dotándolo de significado, conteniéndolo, vistiéndolo y componiéndolo más allá de su contemporaneidad. A partir de esta conceptualización se busca analizar la práctica vestimentaria como acto simbólico que trae a un tiempo presente, una herencia cultural que se resignifica de generación en generación. Se pretende analizar el concepto de historia/relato como subjetividad reflexionando sobre la reconstrucción simbólica de lo comprendido como cultura familiar. A partir de relatos, fotografías y objetos de uso cotidiano ya apartados de quienes los poseyeron con anterioridad, profundizar sobre la reconstrucción emocional de la historia contada de nuestros antepasados, como quien elige cada día de su guardarropas una prenda cada día, en este artículo se retomará el eco de algunas historias que han subsistido varias generaciones. Este artículo se construye a partir del desarrollo de “Herencia” una cápsula upcycled de indumentaria realizada por quien lo escribe, en un viaje en tiempo y espacio hacia los antepasados familiares.

Resumo Este artigo busca refletir sobre a construção da narrativa do vestuário pessoal, a partir da reconstrução da história familiar herdada. Paralelizar a memória e o material tangível, colocando-os em diálogo em um contexto diferente do próprio evento, atualizado por meio de um receptor contemporâneo. Busca, por sua vez, refletir sobre a superposição de temporalidades que se materializam em memórias e materialidades, escritas em uma linha do tempo e contadas por meio de histórias escritas, materiais ou faladas. Essa história ouvida nas histórias, lida nas cartas e observada nas fotos, se transforma em uma investidura que abraça o destinatário, dotando-o de sentido, contendo-o, vestindo-o e compondo-o para além de sua contemporaneidade. A partir dessa conceituação, buscamos analisar a prática do vestuário como um ato simbólico que traz para a atualidade uma herança cultural que se redefine de geração em geração. Pretende-se analisar o conceito de história / história como subjetividade refletindo na reconstrução simbólica do que se entende por cultura familiar. A partir de histórias, fotografias e objetos de uso cotidiano já separados de quem os possuía anteriormente, para mergulhar na reconstrução emocional da história contada de nossos ancestrais, como quem escolhe uma vestimenta todos os dias de seus guarda-roupas, neste artigo vai retomar o eco de algumas histórias que sobreviveram por várias gerações. Este artigo é construído a partir do desenvolvimento de “Herencia”, uma cápsula reciclada de roupa feita pelo escritor, em uma viagem no tempo e no espaço em direção aos ancestrais familiares.