The recycle and utilization of expired drugs is a challenge for many countries at present. The employment of expired drugs as green corrosion inhibitors is expected to address both drug recycling and corrosion prevention issues, with significant economic and environmental value. Herein, the individually and combination corrosion inhibition performance of expired amoxicillin (AMC) and penicillin V potassium tablets (PVP) for lowcarbon steel in 20% acetic acid solution containing 600 mg L-1 chloride ion are evaluated by electrochemistry and weight loss method. Both the AMC and PVP present the mixed-type corrosion inhibitors mainly affect the cathode process when used individually. The optimum inhibition efficiency is 61.22% (AMC) and 79.21% (PVP), which all appear in 5.0 × 10-3 mol L-1. The AMC and PVP are adsorbed on the steel surface by mixed physisorption and chemisorption, which are consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The corrosion inhibition rate drops sharply when AMC and PVP are combined use with a close mole ratio. But a small amount of PVP significantly enhance the corrosion inhibition effect of AMC, the corrosion inhibition rate from 61.22 to 79.72%. The corrosion inhibition rate of AMC and PVP combination inhibitor decreased with the increase of temperature. issues value Herein (AMC (PVP 20 60 L1 L 1 L- method mixedtype type 6122 61 22 7921 79 21 79.21 PVP, , 50 5 0 5. 103 10 3 10- L1. 1. chemisorption isotherm ratio 61.2 7972 72 79.72% temperature 2 6 612 792 7 79.2 61. 797 79.72 79. 79.7

ABSTRACT The proper disposal of fruit and vegetable waste is essential to promote environmental sustainability, reduce the carbon footprint, improve soil quality, and contribute to the transition to a circular economy. This study examined the impact of incorporating dairy cattle wastewater (DCWW) into anaerobic co-digestion with fruit and vegetable residues and utilization of the resulting biofertilizer as a diluent in the anaerobic mono-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues (recycle). The specific biogas and methane production and the agronomic quality of the biofertilizer were evaluated in a semi-continuous trial. Two startup strategies were employed: initially, the reactors were entirely fed with inoculum (biofertilizer derived from DCWW), and fruit and vegetable residue feedstock was gradually introduced. Anaerobic co-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues with DCWW yielded the highest specific production of biogas and methane at 720 and 436 L kg-1 of volatile solids (VS), respectively. The addition of DCWW increases fruit and vegetable residue alkalinity by 249% and reduces the volatile acidity by 83.4%. Anaerobic mono-digestion of fruit and vegetable residues enhances macronutrient recovery in the biofertilizer through recycle. Logistically, directing fruit and vegetable residues to rural areas for anaerobic co-digestion with DCWW promotes agricultural biofertilizer use. sustainability footprint economy (DCWW codigestion co digestion monodigestion mono recycle . (recycle) semicontinuous semi continuous trial employed initially DCWW, , DCWW) introduced 72 43 kg1 kg 1 kg- VS, VS (VS) respectively 249 834 83 4 83.4% Logistically use (recycle 7 (VS 24 8 83.4 2 83.

RESUMO A destinação adequada dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais é fundamental para promover a sustentabilidade ambiental, reduzir a pegada de carbono, melhorar a qualidade do solo e contribuir para a transição para uma economia circular. Neste estudo, foram avaliados os efeitos da adição de água residuária da bovinocultura de leite em codigestão anaeróbia com resíduos de frutas e vegetais e o uso do biofertilizante como diluente na monodigestão anaeróbia dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais (reciclo). A produção específica de biogás e metano, bem como a qualidade agronômica do biofertilizante em um estudo semicontínuo, foram avaliados. Foram utilizadas duas estratégias para partida dos reatores: o abastecimento inicial dos reatores totalmente com inóculo (biofertilizante proveniente da digestão anaeróbia da água residuária da bovinocultura de leite) e a progressão de carga para os resíduos de frutas e vegetais. A maior produção específica de biogás e metano foi atingida pela codigestão anaeróbia de resíduos de frutas e vegetais com água residuária da bovinocultura de leite, 720 e 436 L kg-1 de sólidos voláteis (SV), respectivamente. A adição da água residuária da bovinocultura de leite aumentou em 249% a alcalinidade dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais e diminuiu em 83,4% sua acidez volátil. A recuperação de macronutrientes no biofertilizante é favorecida pela monodigestão anaeróbia dos resíduos de frutas e vegetais em função do uso do reciclo. Entretanto, visando a destinação destes ao meio rural, a codigestão anaeróbia com água residuária da bovinocultura de leite favorece o uso agrícola do biofertilizante. ambiental carbono circular reciclo . (reciclo) semicontínuo 72 43 kg1 kg 1 kg- SV, SV , (SV) respectivamente 249 834 83 4 83,4 volátil Entretanto rural (reciclo 7 (SV 24 8 83, 2

Abstract A route is proposed that begins with obtaining raw materials, but does not end in the finished product, but rather diversifies into many other linked routes, each one aimed at distributing, showing, promoting, advertising; that is to say, to allow the arrival to each one of the possible consumers, offering them much more than the product itself. Since its origins, fashion proposes and produces behaviors and changes in societies. In many cases, these changes have been maintained permanently, although the fashion that prompted them disappeared. In any case, it can be said that fashion, as an ephemeral social phenomenon, does not completely disappear, but rather produces a permanent mark; a trail that can be traversed, a trail that functions as a witness and allows to identify patterns, to evaluate and propose actions in order to minimize and decelerate the impact of large-scale production of fashion items, create new habits and sustain them in the weather.

Resumen Se propone un recorrido que comienza con la obtención de las materias primas, pero que no finaliza en el producto terminado, sino que se diversifica en muchas otras rutas vinculadas, cada una de ellas orientadas a distribuir, mostrar, promocionar, publicitar; es decir, permitir la llegada a cada uno de los posibles consumidores, ofreciéndoles mucho más que el producto en sí. Desde sus orígenes, la moda propone y produce conductas y cambios en las sociedades, en muchos casos, dichos cambios, han logrado mantenerse de forma permanente, aunque la moda que los impulsó desapareciera. De todos modos, se puede afirmar que la moda, como fenómeno social efímero, no desaparece completamente, sino que produce una huella permanente; un rastro que se puede recorrer, un rastro que funciona como testigo y permite identificar patrones, para evaluar y proponer acciones con el fin de minimizar y desacelerar el impacto de la producción de artículos de moda a gran escala, crear nuevos hábitos y sostenerlos en el tiempo.

Resumo Propõe-se um percurso que começa na obtenção da matéria-prima, mas não termina no produto acabado, mas se diversifica em muitos outros percursos interligados, cada um destinado a distribuir, mostrar, promover, anunciar; ou seja, permitir a chegada a cada um dos possíveis consumidores, oferecendo-lhes muito mais do que o próprio produto. Desde as suas origens, a moda propõe e produz comportamentos e mudanças nas sociedades, que em muitos casos se mantiveram permanentemente, embora a moda que as motivou tenha desaparecido. Em todo caso, pode-se dizer que a moda, como fenômeno social efêmero, não desaparece completamente, antes produz uma marca permanente; uma trilha que pode ser percorrida, uma trilha que funciona como testemunho e permite identificar padrões, avaliar e propor ações no sentido de minimizar e desacelerar o impacto da produção em larga escala de itens de moda, criar novos hábitos e sustentá-los no clima.

ABSTRACT In Chile, the main issues affecting the quality of life of the population include air pollution, scarcity and contamination of water resources, degradation, loss, and pollution of soils, nuisance noise, solid waste management, and loss of biodiversity. In response to this situation, good environmental practices emerge in households, which can be characterized as simple and useful measures that individuals can adopt in their daily lives to reduce the negative environmental impact of their activities. In this context, the article presents the results of a qualitative research aimed at identifying and classifying the environmental practices carried out in households in Metropolitan Valparaíso, Chile. Methodologically, an exploratory-descriptive approach study was conducted, gathering information from 64 households through semi-structured interviews. The results show the implementation of good environmental practices in the household, related to the recycling of organic and non-organic waste, reusing organic and non-organic waste, and reducing the consumption of natural resources. It is concluded that the environmental practices developed by individuals in their households are motivated by a deep concern for environmental issues and seek to reduce the long-term negative consequences that will affect the living conditions of future generations. From an integrated perspective, the good environmental practices carried out in the household represent a silent and persevering microsocial dynamic that challenges the devastating actions of global economic, political, and technological actors regarding the use of natural resources.

RESUMEN En Chile, los principales problemas que afectan la calidad de vida de la población corresponden a contaminación atmosférica, escasez y contaminación de recursos hídricos, degradación, pérdida y contaminación de suelos, ruidos molestos, manejo de residuos sólidos y pérdida de biodiversidad. Como respuesta a esta situación, surgen las buenas prácticas ambientales en el hogar, las que pueden ser caracterizadas como medidas sencillas y útiles que pueden adoptar las personas en su vida cotidiana para reducir el impacto ambiental negativo de sus actividades. En ese marco, el artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cualitativa cuyo objetivo corresponde a identificar y clasificar las buenas prácticas ambientales realizadas en los hogares de Valparaíso Metropolitano, Chile. Metodológicamente, se realizó un estudio de enfoque exploratorio-descriptivo que recopiló información en 64 hogares, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados evidencian la realización de buenas prácticas ambientales en el hogar, relacionadas con el reciclaje de residuos orgánicos y no orgánicos, reutilización de residuos orgánicos y no orgánicos; y reducción de consumo de recursos naturales. Se concluye que las prácticas ambientales desarrolladas por las personas en sus hogares son motivadas por una profunda preocupación por los problemas ambientales y buscan disminuir las consecuencias negativas en el largo plazo que afectarán las condiciones de vida de las nuevas generaciones. Desde una perspectiva integrada, las buenas prácticas ambientales realizadas en el hogar representan una dinámica microsocial silenciosa y perseverante que desafía a la acción devastadora que realizan actores económicos, políticos y tecnológicos globales respecto del uso de los recursos naturales.

ABSTRACT Structural materials play an essential role in equipment and constructions, with properties such as strength and stability. Granite and marble are widely used for structural building materials such as cladding, sinks and countertops. It is possible to recycle waste from these rocks in the production of new parts, reducing the environmental impact. In Brazil, there is a high amount of construction and demolition waste, with most of the raw material becoming waste before the product is finished. Studies indicate that the incorporation of ornamental stone waste into cementitious products can significantly reduce environmental impact and improve its sustainability. The present work presents an experimental study for the manufacture of resin granite test specimens with residues from different dosages and resin epoxy levels. Flexural strengths of up to 7, 11, 24 and 28 MPa are achieved for resin contents of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively. The material has anisotropic characteristics and makes good use of almost all of the size ranges of waste used. Future reverse engineering studies of the resin are also necessary to expand knowledge and further optimize its application. constructions stability cladding countertops parts Brazil finished sustainability levels 7 11 2 5 5% 10 10% 15 20 respectively application 1

Resumen En el mundo del presente prevalece una gran incertidumbre a causa tanto de la zoonosis como de la geoeconomía. La importancia de esta contribución deriva del hecho que aclara los escenarios donde estamos forzados a tomar decisiones inciertas pero ajustadas a la realidad. Su justificación, es que distinta será la reconstrucción en las economías resilientes (adaptativamente eficientes), de la reorganización en las vulnerables (adaptativamente ineficientes). En las primeras, sus economías y sus sociedades fueron resilientes instrumentando al postfordismo en la producción (innovación empresarial), y el Estado Benefactor en la política social (innovación social). Tal dependencia de la trayectoria en los centros del mundo occidental permite prever que su reconversión productiva llevará a la economía numérica con tanta eficiencia comparativa como la lograda antes de la pandemia. Las economías rezagadas, por el contrario, reciclarán a la vulnerabilidad particularmente porque adolecen del pecado original de procrear estructuras artefactuales cuya oferta es rígida ante las variaciones del ingreso, y por esto propulsora del déficit estructural de financiamiento externo que las obliga a endeudarse en divisas extranjeras para financiar la procedente secuencia improductiva. Este es un artículo de investigación que aplica la metodología institucional para arribar al resultado que identifica cómo la reconstrucción de las economías resilientes será diversa de la de las vulnerables. Se concluye recalcando la importancia estratégica de la acción social racional a fin de transformar la vulnerabilidad en resiliencia económica.

Abstract Great uncertainty prevails in the world today because of both zoo noses and geo economics. The importance of this contribution derives from the fact that it clarifies the scenarios where we are forced to make uncertain decisions but adjusted to reality. Its justification is that reconstruction in resilient economies (adaptively efficient) will be different from reorganization in vulnerable ones (adaptively inefficient). In the former, their economies and societies were resilient, implementing post-Fordism in production (business innovation), and the Welfare State in social policy (social innovation). Such dependence on the trajectory in the centers of the Western World allows us to foresee that their productive reconversion will lead to the numerical economy with as much comparative efficiency as that achieved before the pandemic. Lagging economies, on the contrary, will recycle to vulnerability particularly because they suffer from the original sin of procreating artifactual structures whose offer is rigid in the face of variations in income, and therefore propellant of the structural deficit of external financing that forces them to borrow in foreign currencies. to finance the proceeding unproductive sequence. This is a research article that applies the institutional methodology to arrive at the result that identifies how the reconstruction of resilient economies will be different from that of vulnerable ones. We conclude by emphasizing the strategic importance of social action to transform vulnerability into economic resilience.

An improved methodology is presented for assessing the economic feasibility and effectiveness of recycling MgO-C and Al2CO3-MgO-C refractory bricks, which are widely used in the steelmaking industry. Since approximately 28 Mt of refractory bricks are discarded each year, it is logical to recycle them. When furnaces and ladles are relined, the spent refractory bricks become mixed up, and need to be sorted before recycling. This study examined the use of a hand-held X-ray fluorescence analyser (HH-XRF) to distinguish between spent oxide-based and oxide-carbon-based refractory materials, with special emphasis on spent MgO-C (MC) and Al2O3-MgO-C (AMC) bricks. HH-XRF analysis was conducted on 18 oxide-carbon refractory bricks as well as on MgO-chromite and bauxite-based refractories. X-ray diffraction, reflected light optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to characterize the MgO-C and Al2O3-MgO-C bricks to confirm the accuracy of the HH-XRF analyses. This study also underlined the importance of calibrating the HH-XRF analyser for the refractory bricks to be sorted. The HH-XRF was successful in distinguishing between the different oxide-carbon-based refractory bricks both before and after cleaning. This result is important as it proves that HH-XRF provides a method whereby spent MC and AMC bricks can be sorted quickly and reliably.

Abstract: In this study, use of end-of-life tires (ELTs) in self-consolidating concretes (SCC), which enable higher rates of fiber use than conventional concrete due to its superior flow properties, for the elimination of the environmental negative impacts and recycling of them were aimed. Besides, it is aimed to investigate the behavior of waste steel wires with different aspect ratio obtained from different types of tires, contrary to what is mostly researched in the literature. Therefore, bead, cord and base wires, obtained from tires, were used in high-strength self-consolidating concrete (HSSCC) production as fiber reinforcement. Fresh and hardened state properties of the waste wire-reinforced (1-2-3%) samples of different sizes that were produced, were compared with industrial steel-reinforced and non-fibrous samples. In this regard, slump flow and T50 durations were determined, compression and bending tests were performed. Significant improvements in the mechanical properties of conventional concretes were observed with the use of waste wire. Using the optimum ratio of waste wire, an increase of approximately 102% in flexural strength and 14% in compressive strength was observed compared to the reference specimen. Aspect ratio was recognized as one of the most effective factor on optimum fiber content. Moreover, experimental results were analyzed with "paired sample t-test", and it was seen that there were no considerable differences in the mechanical properties of the samples in which industrial fiber and waste-wire had been used. Besides, cost analysis was carried out to assess the economic benefits of the use of waste tire wires in the concrete industry.

Abstract: Urbanization and modern development of expanding infrastructure have resulted in large construction activities. With the expeditious growth in the construction industry, the rate of demolition has also increased. This is causing considerable increase in Construction and Demolition (C&D) waste all around the globe. To minimize its impact on society and environment, preventive measures are required to be taken on urgent basis, and for this reason construction industry has proposed the use of recycle concrete aggregates in different applications and there is dire need to investigate experimentally the properties of concrete products made using Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC). In this regard, this study focused to investigate the mechanical properties of 100% RAC bricks prepared with two different compositions with respect to coarse to fine aggregates ratio (i.e., 70:30 and 60:40), cement dosage (i.e., 10% and 15% by weight of total aggregates) and casting pressure (i.e., 25 MPa and 35 MPa). Recycled concrete aggregates required for this study were produced by crushing tested concrete samples having compressive strength of 21 MPa to 28 MPa. Mechanical tests were performed on bricks to determine their compressive strength, flexural strength, shear strength, impact energy in compression and flexure. In addition to these destructive tests, non-destructive (rebound hammer and ultra-sonic pulse velocity) tests were also performed. To draft a comparison, Natural Aggregate Concrete (NAC) bricks and first class burnt clay bricks were also tested. The results indicated that the compressive strength of NAC bricks was about 30% higher than the compressive strength of RAC bricks. However, RAC bricks exhibited higher compressive strength as compared to burnt-clay bricks. The flexural strength of RAC bricks containing 60% coarse aggregates and 40% fine aggregates and RAC bricks containing 70% coarse aggregates and 30% fine aggregates was found to be almost similar but their flexure strength was 37.3% and 20.7% lesser than their corresponding NAC bricks. Flexure strength of RAC bricks and burnt clay bricks was found to be almost same. Qualitative assessment by ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests showed that the NAC and RAC bricks were of good quality as per the standard criteria. The findings of this study indicated that RAC bricks satisfied the strength requirements as stated by local and international standards. Further, RAC bricks performed better than commonly used first class burnt clay bricks. Production and use of RAC bricks in masonry structures will not only help to conserve the depleting resources of natural aggregates and clay but also help to protect our environment from pollution by reducing CO2 emission caused by the coal-burning as fuel in kilns for the manufacturing of burnt-clay bricks.

To increase oil sorption, polyurethane foams were modified with MoS2, ZnO grafting and/or hexadecanoic acid coating. The foams were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy + Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Contact Angle techniques. Three sorption tests were performed. In tests with 100% water, the ZnO-PC modification showed a reduction of 35.7% in the seawater sorption when compared to Un-PC. In tests with 100% oil, there was a 29-fold increase in sorption (more than 2803%) of S46 lubricant oil when Un-PC performance was compared with ZnO-PC. In tests on the multicomponent systems, the lowest seawater sorption was 0.01 ± 0.00 g.g-1 (HA-PC), 0.08 ± 0.01 g.g-1 (Un-PC), and 1.39 ± 0.02 g.g-1 (Un-PC) for 20W40 engine oil, S46 lubricating oil, and diesel, respectively. The highest oil sorption in the systems was 41.34 ± 1.02 g.g-1 (HA-PC), 32.81 ± 0.31 g.g-1 (MoS2-PC), and 14.78 ± 0.27 g.g-1 (ZnO-PC) for diesel, S46 lubricating oil, and 20W40 engine oil, respectively. The reuse tests indicated that even after 10 cycles, the ZnO-PC foam kept its sorption capacity unchanged. Post-consumer foams proved to be effective in the sorption of different oils spilled into seawater, especially those grafted with ZnO rods or impregnated with MoS2. MoS2 MoS andor coating Xray X ray techniques performed 100 water ZnOPC PC 357 35 7 35.7 UnPC. UnPC Un PC. 29fold fold 29 more 2803% 2803 S S4 ZnOPC. 001 0 01 0.0 000 00 g.g1 gg1 gg g.g 1 g g.g- HAPC, HAPC HA , (HA-PC) 008 08 UnPC, 139 39 1.3 002 02 (Un-PC W 20W4 diesel respectively 4134 41 34 41.3 102 1.0 3281 32 81 32.8 031 31 0.3 MoS2PC, MoS2PC MoSPC (MoS2-PC) 1478 14 78 14.7 027 27 0.2 (ZnO-PC cycles unchanged Postconsumer Post consumer 3 35. 2 280 0. g1 (HA-PC 13 1. 20W 413 4 41. 328 8 32. 03 (MoS2-PC 147 14. 28

Abstract The theme of this article is the recycling of solid waste as a dynamic process for the circular economy. We approach classic and recent studies that consider the contradictions in the industrial and so-called modern world regarding the exhaustion of abusive consumption practices to the environment. We present an ethnographic study developed in the Netherlands, focusing on a case study in Zaandam in 2019 and a study with recycling companies in 2021. In our ethnography with companies, we started with questions about the business logic of these industries, the origin of their materials, and the destination of their products. We also covered how residents of the Netherlands recycle and how they perceive recycling policies. economy socalled so called environment 201 2021 industries materials products policies 20 202 2

Resumo O presente artigo se dedica à análise da reciclagem de resíduos sólidos como um processo dinâmico integrado na economia circular. Exploramos tanto estudos clássicos quanto pesquisas recentes que enfocam as contradições do mundo industrial moderno em relação ao esgotamento de práticas de consumo prejudiciais ao meio ambiente. Apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada na Holanda, concentrando-nos em um estudo de caso em Zaandam, conduzido em 2019, e em uma investigação junto a empresas de reciclagem, realizada em 2021. Em nossa abordagem etnográfica com as empresas, inicialmente investigamos questões relacionadas à lógica de negócios dessas indústrias, a origem de seus materiais e o destino de seus produtos. Além disso, examinamos o processo de reciclagem adotado pelos residentes dos Países Baixos e suas percepções em relação às políticas de reciclagem em vigor. circular ambiente Holanda concentrandonos concentrando nos Zaandam 2019 2021 indústrias produtos disso vigor 201 202 20 2

Abstract Large amounts of waste, including dead birds, manure, and poultry litter, are produced by the poultry industry. Poultry waste should be disposed of properly to avoid major pollution and health risks. Composting litter and dead birds could be an option to recycle the waste and use in poultry feed. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding composted poultry waste on the organoleptic qualities and compositional profile of the meat of broiler chickens. A total of 300 day-old broiler chicks (500-Cobb) were randomly allocated to five treatment groups replicated six times with 10 birds each, under a completely randomized design (CRD). Five iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous diets including composted poultry byproducts at concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% were fed ad libitum to the birds from day 0 to day 35. The sensory grading and meat composition profile of 500 Cobb broiler chickens were tested at 35 days of age. The findings showed that there were no variations in the sensory profiles of the meat from birds given various diets (P>0.05). Although the results were somewhat lower for the chicks fed compost-containing diets than for the control group, this difference was deemed to be insignificant (P>0.05). Similarly, there were no variations in the compositional profile values of the meat between meat from birds fed various diets (P>0.05). These findings imply that broiler chickens may be raised on diets containing up to 10% poultry byproduct compost without any negative impacts on the meat's sensory quality or composition. Additionally, using compost into broiler diets may help to lower the cost of feed. manure industry risks feed 30 dayold old 500Cobb (500-Cobb 1 each CRD. CRD . (CRD) isocaloric iso caloric isonitrogenous nitrogenous 25 2 5 2.5 75 7 7.5 50 3 age P>0.05. P005 P P>0.05 05 (P>0.05) compostcontaining group Similarly meats s Additionally (CRD 2. 7. P00 P>0.0 (P>0.05 P0 P>0. (P>0.0 P>0 (P>0. P> (P>0 (P> (P

Resumo Grandes quantidades de resíduos, incluindo aves mortas, esterco e cama de frango, são produzidas pela indústria avícola. Resíduos de aves devem ser descartados adequadamente para evitar grandes riscos de poluição e saúde. A compostagem de lixo e aves mortas pode ser uma opção para reciclar os resíduos e usá-los na alimentação de aves. Um estudo foi conduzido para investigar os efeitos da alimentação com resíduos de aves compostados nas qualidades organolépticas e no perfil de composição da carne de frangos de corte. Um total de 300 pintos de corte de um dia (500-Cobb) foram alocados aleatoriamente em 5 grupos de tratamento, replicados 6 vezes com 10 aves cada, sob um delineamento inteiramente casualizado (CRD). Cinco dietas isocalóricas e isonitrogenadas incluindo subprodutos compostados de aves nas concentrações de 0, 2,5, 5, 7,5 e 10% foram fornecidas ad libitum às aves do dia 0 ao dia 35. A classificação sensorial e o perfil de composição da carne de 500 frangos de corte Cobb foram testados aos 35 dias de idade. Os achados mostraram que não houve variações nos perfis sensoriais da carne de aves recebendo várias dietas (P > 0,05). Embora os resultados tenham sido um pouco menores para os pintos alimentados com dietas contendo composto do que para o grupo controle, essa diferença foi considerada insignificante (P > 0,05). Da mesma forma, não houve variações nos valores do perfil composicional da carne entre carnes de aves alimentadas com várias dietas (P > 0,05). Essas descobertas indicam que os frangos de corte podem ser criados com dietas contendo até 10% de composto de subproduto de aves sem qualquer impacto negativo na qualidade sensorial ou na composição da carne. Além disso, o uso de composto nas dietas de frangos de corte pode ajudar a reduzir o custo da ração. frango avícola saúde usálos usá los 30 500Cobb (500-Cobb tratamento 1 cada CRD. CRD . (CRD) 25 2 2,5 75 7 7, 50 3 idade P 0,05. 005 0,05 05 0,05) controle forma disso ração (CRD 2, 00 0,0

Abstract The Very High Gravity (VHG) fermentation is a technology that can lead to a reduction in waste generation, a reduction in energy consumption and GHG emissions and several technical, economic, and environmental advantages. Having, as a limiting factor, yeast tolerance to the most diverse stressors in the fermentation medium. To overcome this limitation, the aim of the work was to verify the potential protective effect of silica (+A) on Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Ethanol Red®) submitted to VHG fermentation. Initially, an adaptive test to VHG fermentation was carried out, with 5 cell recycles in musts from sugar cane syrup. Each recycle was subjected to the treatments, in quadruplicate: T1C (control) - Wort without silica supplementation; T2S100- Wort with supplementation of 100 mg L-1 of silica and T3S300- Wort with supplementation of 300 mg L -1 of silica. As a result, the T3S300 treatment in the adaptive test, showed viability of 77.5 to 81.55%; biomass production from 8.1 to 10.0 g L-1; yield from 90.0 to 95.3% and productivity from 7.3 to 10.9 mL L-1h-1. In conclusion, the treatment of the wort with silica (+A) (100 and 300 mg L-1) has an effect protector on yeast and may present positive responses in VHG fermentations. (VHG generation technical economic advantages Having factor medium limitation +A A (+A Ethanol Red® Red Initially out syrup treatments quadruplicate TC T C control (control T2S100 TS S 10 L1 1 L- 30 result T3S30 775 77 77. 81.55% 8155 81 55 8 8. 0 10. 900 90 90. 953 95 3 95.3 73 7 7. 109 9 L1h1. L1h1 Lh 1h 1. h L-1h-1 conclusion (10 fermentations T2S10 T3S3 81.55 815 95. L1h L-1h- (1 T2S1 T3S 81.5 L-1h ( T2S 81.

BACKGROUND: The increase in global plastic waste generation poses a threat to human, animal and plant life. As such, industries world-wide are encouraged to review waste management systems to prevent, minimise, recycle or recover plastic waste. There is a paucity of information on plastic waste generation by the local optical industry in South Africa, especially with respect to spectacle lens and contact lens recycling. AIM: The purpose of this review article was to provide a current outlook on spectacle lens and contact lens recycling in South Africa. METHODS: Literature review of scientific papers from online databases, websites and lens material patents. RESULTS: No studies regarding lens recycling in South Africa were found. However, data for this review were collated based on lens constituent materials. CONCLUSION: This review article provided an overview of lens recycling, identified the barriers and potential measures to advance plastic spectacle lens and contact lens recycling in South Africa, and suggested controlled energy recovery as an alternative pending implementation of lens recycling programmes. CONTRIBUTION: This paper contributes useful information on a previously unexplored aspect of recycling in South Africa. Ophthalmic lens recycling is currently not available in South Africa, and as such, this review focuses on the current outlook, barriers and considerations for implementation of such programmes.

RESUMO: O descarte inadequado de resíduos de embalagens de pesticidas (PPW) tem causado sérios danos ao meio ambiente, incluindo a poluição das águas subterrâneas e do solo e até mesmo problemas de saúde pública. Para abordar as preocupações ambientais e questões de saúde pública, há a necessidade de reciclar os resíduos de embalagens de pesticidas (RPPW). Embora pequenos agricultores, em muitos países em desenvolvimento, tenham se unido às cooperativas para reduzir os custos de produção e aumentar o prêmio do produto, ainda é escassa a forma como essas cooperativas melhoram os comportamentos de RPPW dos agricultores. O estudo atual usou dados coletados de 725 produtores de maçã nas províncias de Shaanxi e Gansu da China para explorar o fenômeno empiricamente. Decisões e grau de reciclagem são usados para retratar os comportamentos de RPPW dos agricultores. Primeiramente, o modelo Logit foi utilizado para analisar o efeito da adesão às cooperativas nas decisões de reciclagem dos agricultores. Além disso, para abordar o viés de seleção da amostra, o presente estudo empregou o método Propensity Score Matching (PSM) para análise empírica sobre o efeito da associação de cooperativas no grau de reciclagem dos agricultores. Os resultados mostraram que a adesão às cooperativas influencia positiva e significativamente as decisões de reciclagem dos agricultores. Se os agricultores aderirem a uma cooperativa, a probabilidade das decisões de reciclagem aumentará em 20,30%, e o grau de reciclagem aumentará em 27,50%. Além disso, também se constata que alguns outros fatores como nível de escolaridade, percepção de risco ambiental e de saúde pública, efeito de pares e rede de relacionamento também influenciam significativamente as decisões de reciclagem dos agricultores. Além disso, considerando as diferenças de gênero, idade e escolaridade dos agricultores, o estudo também revelou os efeitos heterogêneos da adesão às cooperativas sobre os comportamentos de RPPW dos agricultores. Os resultados revelaram que as variáveis de gênero e idade têm efeitos de mascaramento perceptíveis, enquanto o nível de escolaridade tem um efeito limiar típico. As descobertas gerais fornecem insights para os formuladores de políticas enfatizarem o desenvolvimento de cooperativas agrícolas, melhorar o mecanismo de vinculação de risco e interesse e construir o sistema RPPW. Essas implicações também são favoráveisaos formuladores de políticas em outros países em desenvolvimento.

ABSTRACT: The improper disposal of pesticide packaging wastes (PPW) has posed serious harm to the environment, including groundwater and soil pollution and even health concerns to the public. To address the environmental concerns and public health issues, there is a need to recycle the pesticides packaging waste (RPPW). Though small farmers in many developing countries have joined the cooperatives to reduce the production costs and increase the product premium, how these cooperatives improve farmers’ RPPW behaviors is still sparse. The current study used data collected from 725 apple farmers in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces of China to explore the phenomenon empirically. Recycling decisions and degree are used to portray the farmers’ RPPW behaviors. Firstly, the Logit model was used to analyze the effect of joining cooperatives on farmers’ recycling decisions. Further, to address the sample selection bias, the present study employed the propensity score matching (PSM) method for empirical analysis concerning the effect of joining cooperatives on farmers’ recycling degree. Results showed that joining cooperatives positively and significantly influences farmers’ recycling decisions. If farmers join a cooperative, the probability of the recycling decisions and degree will increase by 20.30% and 27.50%, respectively. Moreover, it is also found that some other factors such as education level, environmental and public health risk perception, peer effect, and relationship network also significantly influence farmers’ recycling decisions. Moreover, considering the differences in farmers’ gender, age, and educational attainment, the study unveiled the heterogeneous effects of joining cooperatives on farmers’ RPPW behaviors. The findings revealed that gender and age variables have noticeable masking effects while education level has a typical threshold effect. The overall findings provided insights for policymakers to emphasize the development of agricultural cooperatives, improve the risk and interest linkage mechanism, and build the RPPW system. These implications are also supportive for policymakers in other developing countries.