Abstract Introduction: Evidence suggests that herbivores, such as peccaries, shape vegetation structure and diversity through predation, trampling, dispersal, and rooting behavior. Objective: To evaluate the impact of peccaries (Dycotiles tajacu) on the understory vegetation of the tropical rainforest in the Nogal-La Selva Local Biological Corridor, Costa Rica, comparing a site with the absence of peccaries to another with the presence of these animals. Methodology: From June to November 2021, 20 experimental exclusions and 20 free access plots, each measuring 2 m2 were used to quantify herbivory, the number of leaf blades, damaged leaves, healthy leaves, sapling height, and fallen biomass at both sites. Results: A higher sapling density was found in the Nogal Reserve, but a lower sapling diversity, while in La Selva there was a higher sapling diversity, but a lower density of seedlings. Herbivory and sapling height in La Selva exceeded those in Nogal. The exclusion of peccaries reduced seedling damage but did not affect the dynamics of fallen biomass. Conclusion: For the design, implementation, and evaluation of the effectiveness of biological corridors, it is crucial to consider plant-animal interactions to enhance the flow of ecological processes through functional and structural connectivity, analyzed from interactions such as those presented in this paper.

Resumen Introducción: Existe evidencia que herbívoros, como los saínos, dan forma a la estructura y diversidad de la vegetación a través del comportamiento de depredación, pisoteo, dispersión y enraizamiento. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de los saínos (Dycotiles tajacu) en la vegetación del sotobosque del bosque tropical húmedo en el Corredor Biológico Local Nogal-La Selva, Costa Rica, en un sitio con ausencia y en otro con presencia de saínos. Métodos: De junio a noviembre de 2021 se utilizaron 20 exclusiones experimentales y 20 parcelas de acceso libre de 2 m2, se cuantifico la herbivoría, número de láminas foliares, hojas dañadas, hojas sanas, altura de brinzales y biomasa caída en ambos sitios. Resultados: Se encontró una mayor densidad de brinzales en Reserva Nogal pero una menor diversidad, contrario en La Selva donde se encontró una mayor diversidad de brinzales, pero una menor densidad de plántulas. La herbivoría y la altura de brinzales en La Selva fue mayor que en Nogal. La exclusión de los saínos disminuyó el daño a las plántulas, pero no afectó la dinámica de la biomasa caída. Conclusión: Es necesario contemplar para el diseño, implementación y evaluación de la efectividad de corredores biológicos, las interacciones planta-animal, para potencializar el flujo de procesos ecológicos mediante la conectividad funcional y estructural, analizada a partir de interacciones como las presentadas en este trabajo.

Abstract The study exposes the strategies and tactics of radical Islamism in Europe and Spain, to attract and radicalize young Muslims with a religious, media and propagandistic content; from Al Qaeda, Daesh or other related organizations that share the culture of jihad; chain of subjects, actions, messages and propaganda to participate in a process of ideologization, to make use of violence in the jihad against the West, way of life, social and political; and interfere in the democratic, liberal and legal process in Europe. This qualitative research, achieves approximations of individual characteristics and family, social, familiar and economic conditioning factors of the vulnerable groups to the jihadist message; highlighting ignorance or dissolution of their cultural, religious and ritual traditions; absence or weak individual, family or community identity, experience of social, educational, labor or political discrimination and economic inequality; facilitating the process of radicalization until their participation in acts of indiscriminate violence. This research was carried out in the city councils of Fuenlabrada and Leganés, Comunidad de Madrid and Reus and L’ Hospitalet de Llobregat, Province of Tarragona, Comunidad de Cataluña, Spain; through specialized bibliography, interviews to academic, police and intelligence experts, public attention and social services workers, the contribution of Muslim community representatives; who make emerge these elements and the need to improve strategies and preventive actions in Europe, reducing its impact on the vulnerable population.

Resumen El estudio expone las estrategias y tácticas del islamismo radical en Europa y España, para captar y radicalizar a jóvenes musulmanes de un contenido religioso, mediático, propagandístico; desde Al Qaeda, Daesh u otras organizaciones afines que comparten la cultura de la yihad; cadena de sujetos, actuaciones, mensajes y propaganda para participar en un proceso de ideologización, para hacer uso de la violencia en la yihad contra Occidente, forma de vida, social y política; e interferir en el proceso democrático, liberal y de derecho en Europa. Esta investigación cualitativa logra aproximaciones de características individuales y condicionantes familiares, sociales, familiares y económicas de los grupos vulnerables al mensaje yihadista; destacándose ignorancia o disolución de sus tradiciones culturales, religiosas y ritualidad; ausencia o débil identidad individual, familiar o comunitario, experiencia de discriminación social, educativa, laboral o política e inequidad económica; facilitando el proceso de radicalización hasta su participación en actos de violencia indiscriminada. Esta investigación se realizó en los ayuntamientos de Fuenlabrada y Leganés, Comunidad de Madrid y Reus y L’ Hospitalet de Llobregat, Provincia de Tarragona, Comunidad de Cataluña, España; a través de bibliografía especializada, entrevistas a expertos académicos, policiales e inteligencia, trabajadores en atención pública y servicios sociales, el aporte de representantes comunitarios musulmanes; quienes hacen emerger estos elementos y necesidad de mejorar estrategias y actuaciones preventivas en Europa, reduciendo su impacto en la población vulnerable.

Abstract Introduction: The Kangaroo Baby Massage (KBM) is a technique designed for preterm and low birth weight newborns that eliminates the need for an incubator, providing a practical and beneficial option for mothers at home. Objective: To test the effect of the KBM on perceived maternal self-efficacy favoring the mother-infant interaction at home. Materials and methods: A pragmatic, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted in three phases: 1) KBM integration with Kathryn Barnard's theory, 2) study design, and 3) implementation and outcome evaluation. Two groups were defined: The intervention group (KBM) and the control group (which used the kangaroo position without massage), each group consisted of 34 mother-infant pairs. Recruitment took place within an outpatient kangaroo program in Bogota, Colombia. Implementation and follow-up were conducted via teleconsultation, using the KBM video "Diary of My Kangaroo Baby" and simulators. The perceived maternal self-efficacy questionnaire was conducted at three points in time: prior to the study and on the 7th and 14th day after the study. The questionnaire was analyzed with a statistical design of longitudinal data in F1LDF1 factorial experiments. Results: Homogeneous groups were defined based on sociodemographic variables and maternal-perinatal history. Mothers who applied the KBM technique showed higher scores in perceived maternal self-efficacy at both 7 and 14 days compared to the control group mothers [RTE (lower limit; upper limit) - day 7: control = 0.502 (0.437; 0.567) vs. KBM = 0.503 (0.426; 0.581), and day 14: control = 0.564 (0.482; 0.640) vs. KBM = 0.719 (0.650; 0.776)]. Conclusion: The KBM is a nursing intervention that enhances perceived maternal self-efficacy, fostering greater family involvement and strengthening mother-child interaction.

Resumen Introducción: El masaje al bebé canguro (MBC) es una técnica para recién nacidos pretérmino y bajo peso al nacer que no requiere incubadora y favorece a las madres en el hogar. Objetivo: Probar el efecto del MBC sobre la autoeficacia materna percibida para favorecer la interacción madre-hijo en el hogar. Materiales y métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado pragmático, doble ciego, desarrollado en tres fases: 1) integración MBC y teoría de Kathryn Barnard, 2) diseño del estudio y 3) ejecución y resultados. Se definieron dos grupos: intervención (MBC) y control (posición canguro sin masaje), con 34 diadas madre-hijo en cada grupo. Reclutamiento realizado en un programa canguro ambulatorio de Bogotá, Colombia. La ejecución y el seguimiento fue hecha a través de teleconsulta, el video MBC "Diario de mi bebé canguro" y simuladores. Se aplicó el cuestionario de autoeficacia materna percibida en tres momentos: antes de iniciar el estudio y a los días 7 y 14 después del estudio. Se analizó con un diseño estadístico de datos longitudinales en experimentos factoriales F1LDF1. Resultados: Fueron definidos grupos homogéneos en las variables sociodemográficas y de antecedentes materno-perinatales. Las madres que aplicaron el MBC registraron puntajes más altos de autoeficacia materna percibida a los 7 y 14 días, en comparación con las madres del control [RTE (límite inferior; límite superior) - día 7: control = 0.502 (0.437; 0.567) vs. MBC = 0.503 (0.426; 0.581), y día 14: control = 0.564 (0.482; 0.640) vs. MBC = 0.719 (0.650; 0.776)]. Conclusión: El MBC es una intervención de enfermería que mejoró la autoeficacia materna percibida, favoreciendo la participación de la familia y la interacción madre-hijo.

Resumo Introdução: A massagem no bebê canguru (MBC) é uma técnica para bebês prematuros e de baixo peso que não necessita de incubadora e que dá apoio às mães no domicílio. Objetivo: Testar o efeito da MBC na autoeficácia materna percebida para apoiar a interação mãe-bebê em casa. Materiais e método: Ensaio clínico randomizado, pragmático, duplo-cego, desenvolvido em três fases: i) integração da MBC e da teoria de Kathryn Barnard, ii) desenho do estudo e iii) execução e resultados. Foram definidos dois grupos: intervenção (MBC) e controle (posição canguru sem massagem), com 34 díades mãe-bebê em cada grupo. O recrutamento foi realizado em um programa canguru ambulatorial em Bogotá, Colômbia. A implementação e o acompanhamento foram feitos por meio de teleconsultas, do vídeo MBC "Diário do meu bebê canguru" e de simuladores. O questionário de autoeficácia materna percebida foi aplicado em três momentos: antes do início do estudo e nos dias 7 e 14 após o estudo. Ele foi analisado com um projeto estatístico de dados longitudinais em experimentos fatoriais F1LDF1. Resultados: Foram definidos grupos homogêneos para variáveis sociodemográficas e histórico ma-terno-perinatal. As mães que aplicaram o MBC registraram pontuações mais altas de autoeficácia materna percebida aos 7 e 14 dias, em comparação com as mães do controle [RTE (limite inferior; limite superior) - dia 7: controle = 0,502 (0,437; 0,567) vs. MBC = 0,503 (0,426; 0,581), e dia 14: controle = 0,564 (0,482; 0,640) vs. MBC = 0,719 (0,650; 0,776)]. Conclusões: a MBC é uma intervenção de enfermagem que melhorou a autoeficácia materna percebida, favorecendo o envolvimento familiar e a interação entre mãe e filho.

Abstract Every year the number of Moroccan women who travel temporarily to Spain to work in the berry farm grows. In the year 2022 there were 19,000 women. However, this activity is accompanied by labor irregularities, complaints of sexual abuse and other problems that have drawn the attention of international organizations. The aim of this article is to expose the existing breach of labor rights based on the construction of a recruitment profile and the emerging response and attitude of resistance on the part of migrant women in the province. The methodology starts from a feminist point of view and an ethnographic study is carried out, from February to April 2022, where the main axis will be the stories of Moroccan women. Among the conclusions we discover how the search for a recruitment profile based on discriminatory elements that guarantee the return of women workers leads to serious consequences such as the systematic breach of their labor rights.

Resumen Cada año crece el número de mujeres marroquíes que se desplaza de forma temporal a España para trabajar en la explotación agrícola de frutos rojos. En el año 2022 fueron 19.000 mujeres. Sin embargo, esta actividad ha generado preocupación social debido a las denuncias continuas por parte de las trabajadoras por vulneración de derechos, así como por abusos sexuales. El objetivo de este artículo es la exposición de la violación de derechos laborales existente con base en la construcción de un perfil de contratación y la emergente respuesta de resistencia por parte de las mujeres migrantes en la provincia. La metodología parte de un punto de vista feminista y se realiza un estudio etnográfico, desde febrero a abril de 2022, donde el eje principal serán los relatos de las mujeres marroquíes. Entre las conclusiones descubrimos cómo la búsqueda de un perfil de contratación basado en elementos discriminatorios que garanticen el retorno de las trabajadoras.

Abstract This article focuses on examining the Integrated Human Talent Management System in the Ecuadorian Public Sector, with the purpose of analyzing its historical evolution and its current structure. To carry out this research, specific activities were carried out. Firstly, a compilation of historical information related to human resources management in the Ecuadorian public service was carried out. This included the review of documents, records and bibliographic sources to understand the evolution of this management over time. In addition, a literature survey related to personnel management in the public service was carried out, exploring previous research and academic articles. A thorough review of the current legislation related to this system was also carried out, allowing the identification of the legal frameworks and regulations that govern human resources management in the public sector. Finally, a detailed analysis of the components that make up the system was carried out, including human talent planning, job classification, recruitment and selection of personnel, training and professional development, performance evaluation and occupational health. This study provides a complete understanding of the human talent management system in the Ecuadorian public sector, from its historical background to its current structure and components. These findings are fundamental to understand the evolution and functioning of human resources management in the Ecuadorian government context, which can serve as a basis for future research and improvements in this area.

Resumen El presente artículo se enfoca en examinar el Sistema Integrado de Administración del Talento Humano en el Sector Público Ecuatoriano, con el propósito de analizar su evolución histórica y su estructura actual. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se realizaron actividades específicas. En primer lugar, se llevó a cabo una recopilación de información histórica relacionada con la gestión de recursos humanos en el servicio público ecuatoriano. Esto incluyó la revisión de documentos, registros y fuentes bibliográficas para comprender la evolución de esta gestión a lo largo del tiempo. Además, se realizó el levantamiento de literatura relacionada con la gestión de personal en el servicio público, explorando investigaciones previas y artículos académicos. También se realizó una revisión minuciosa de la legislación vigente relacionada a este sistema permitiendo identificar los marcos legales y regulaciones que rigen la gestión de recursos humanos en el sector público. Finalmente, se llevó a cabo un análisis detallado de los componentes que conforman el sistema, incluyendo la planificación del talento humano, la clasificación de los puestos, el reclutamiento y selección del personal, la capacitación y la formación profesional, la evaluación del desempeño y la salud ocupacional. Este estudio proporciona una comprensión completa del sistema de gestión de talento humano en el sector público ecuatoriano, desde sus antecedentes históricos hasta su estructura y componentes actuales. Estos hallazgos son fundamentales para entender la evolución y el funcionamiento de la gestión de recursos humanos en el contexto gubernamental ecuatoriano, lo que puede servir de base para investigaciones futuras y mejoras en este ámbito.

Abstract Following the end of the authoritarian regime and the increase in elementary and secondary education in the 1990s, there was a rise in demands for broader access to higher education and for public universities to become more inclusive to historically underrepresented groups. This article explores how USP responded to them by discussing the expansion of recruitment and the adoption of affirmative actions and retention policies. Furthermore, we examine the changes in the composition of the student body. Our analysis highlights the gains, contradictions, and asymmetries that have emerged during this university’s recent democratization process. 1990s s groups policies Furthermore body gains contradictions universitys university process

Resumo Com o final do regime autoritário e a expansão do ensino fundamental e médio nos anos 1990, cresceram as demandas por maior acesso ao ensino superior e por maior abertura das universidades públicas aos grupos historicamente menos representados. O artigo explora a forma como a USP respondeu a essas demandas, discutindo a expansão de vagas, a adoção de ações afirmativas e de políticas de permanência. Em seguida, examinamos as mudanças na composição do corpo estudantil. Ao descrever essas transformações, nossa análise documenta os ganhos, as contradições e as assimetrias do processo recente de democratização dessa universidade. 1990 representados vagas permanência seguida estudantil transformações ganhos universidade 199 19 1

Resumo O presente artigo é resultado de uma análise comparada entre as diversas espécies de sistemas eleitorais, com o fim de estabelecer as bases para uma justiça eleitoral. São estudadas as principais características de sistemas eleitorais, no que diz respeito às suas funções normativas, executivas e jurisdicionais, bem como a independência e autonomia entre elas; à sua alocação em uma das três esferas de poder estatal; ao recrutamento, à carreira e às prerrogativas dos membros que a integram; e aos princípios fundamentais e diretrizes que orientam suas decisões. O objeto da pesquisa contempla direitos nacionais representativos de sistemas jurídicos de influência do common law e do civil law e, com lastro em normas internacionais, a justiça eleitoral é situada como uma instituição indispensável para a salvaguarda de direitos fundamentais, sob a ótica dos direitos humanos. De modo qualitativo, com suporte legislativo e doutrinário, enseja-se uma exposição e a reflexão sobre as conformações da justiça eleitoral, seus estândares mínimos e o papel que ela desempenha na manutenção de uma democracia. eleitorais normativas jurisdicionais elas estatal recrutamento integram decisões internacionais humanos qualitativo doutrinário ensejase enseja se democracia

Abstract This article is the result of a comparative analysis of the various types of electoral systems, with the aim of establishing the foundations of electoral justice. The main characteristics of electoral systems are studied in terms of their normative, executive and adjudicative functions, as well the independence and autonomy among them; the allocation of such functions to one of the three spheres of state power; the recruitment, career and prerogatives of their members; and the main principles and guidelines orienting their decisions. The research is focused on national rights representative of legal systems influenced by common law and civil law. Based on international norms, electoral justice is contextualized as an indispensable mechanism of safeguarding fundamental rights from a human rights perspective. With a qualitative approach, supported by legislation and legal doctrine, the paper presents and reflects on the forms of electoral justice, its minimum standards, and the role played by such justice in the maintenance of a democracy. The research is focused on the subject of national rights representative of legal systems influenced by common law and civil law; with support from international norms, electoral justice is contextualized as an indispensable institution to safeguard fundamental rights from the perspective of human rights. In a qualitative approach, with support from legislative and doctrinal texts, the article provides an exposition and reflection on the forms of electoral justice, the minimum standards and the role played by such justice in maintaining a democracy. normative them power recruitment members decisions norms approach doctrine democracy texts

Abstract: This article delves into the professional identity of teachers working in second-chance schools in Chile. Utilizing a qualitative, exploratory design, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 teachers. Additionally, focus groups were held with different members of the educational communities in which these professionals taught: two with students, two with mothers, fathers, and guardians, one with professionals from the school integration program, and two with the administrative team. The gathered data undergoes thematic analysis of narratives, revealing four distinct dimensions of teachers' professional identity within these educational recovery contexts: the motivation to teach individuals rather than students, the emotional connection with young learners to ensure the educational process, the multidimensional adaptation in the service of learning, and a deep connection with one's own emotions. This study deepens our understanding of the identity of teachers working in contexts that are markedly different from regular educational settings, an area that has been under-researched both nationally and internationally. The findings are valuable contribution to the development of more effective strategies for the training, recruitment, and retention of teachers in second-chance schools.

Resumen: Este artículo explora la identidad profesional de docentes que trabajan en escuelas de segunda oportunidad en Chile. Utilizando un diseño exploratorio cualitativo, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 12 docentes y se sostuvieron grupos focales con distintos miembros de las comunidades educativas donde enseñan: dos con estudiantes, dos con madres, padres y apoderados, una con profesionales del programa de inclusión escolar, y dos con miembros del equipo directivo. La información recolectada se analiza mediante un análisis temático de narrativas, del cual emergen cuatro dimensiones de la identidad profesional docente (IPD) en estos contextos de recuperación de trayectorias educativas: la motivación por educar personas antes que estudiantes, la vinculación afectiva con los jóvenes para asegurar el proceso formativo, la adaptación multidimensional en función del aprendizaje, y la conexión profunda con la propia emocionalidad. Este estudio ahonda en la comprensión de la identidad de docentes educando a niñas, niños, y jóvenes que, a la alta vulnerabilidad presente también en contextos de modalidad regular, le suman rezago escolar. La IPD ha sido poco abordada por la investigación a nivel nacional y también internacional, por lo que los resultados son un insumo para innovar en mejores estrategias de formación, atracción y retención de docentes para escuelas de segunda oportunidad.

RESUMEN Introducción: La pandemia del COVID-19 alteró la vida de la población infantil. Según UNICEF, 1 de cada 7 niños se ha visto directamente afectado por los confinamientos en todo el mundo. Objetivo: Describir las características de la consulta y los diagnósticos de los pacientes que acudieron al departamento de salud mental del Hospital General Pediátrico Niños de Acosta Ñu, durante la pandemia COVID-19. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron a los pacientes que acudieron al Departamento de Salud Mental del Hospital General Pediátrico Niños de Acosta Ñu con diagnósticos psicopatológicos durante la pandemia COVID-19 en el periodo de marzo 2020 a marzo 2021. Las variables fueron: edad, sexo, procedencia, áreas de reclutamiento, tipo de consulta, modalidad de consulta, motivo de evaluación en salud mental, diagnóstico, tratamiento, hospitalización. Los datos se analizaron en IBM SPSS v.21 (demo) utilizando estadística descriptiva. El protocolo fue aprobado por el comité de ética. Resultados: Fueron incluidos 130 participantes, la mediana de edad fue de 13.5 años. El 81.5% procedían del Departamento Central y el 53.8% eran de sexo femenino. El 87.7% eran pacientes en seguimiento y el 69.2% realizaron la consulta de manera presencial. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron, la depresión en un 51.5% y la negligencia o abandono en 27.7%. Se observó asociación de diagnósticos en 58.1%. El 70.8% requirió tratamiento y 10.8% requirió internación. Conclusión: Consultaron con mayor frecuencia adolescentes de sexo femenino. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue la depresión, acompañados de antecedentes de abuso sexual y/o de negligencia o abandono.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic altered the lives of the children's population. According to UNICEF, 1 in 7 children has been directly affected by lockdowns around the world. Objective: Describe the characteristics of the consultation and the diagnoses of the patients who attended the Mental Health Department of the Children General Pediatric Hospital “Acosta Ñu”, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective study that included those patients who attended the Mental Health Department of the Children Pediatric Hospital “Acosta Ñu” with psychopathological diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in the period from March 2020 to March 2021. The variables were: age, sex, origin, recruitment areas, type of consultation, mode of consultation, reason for mental health evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, hospitalization. Data were analyzed in IBM SPSS v.21 (demo) using descriptive statistics. The protocol was approved by the ethics committee. Results: 130 participants were included with a median age of 13.5 years. 81.5% came from the Central Department and 53.8% were female. 87.7% were patients in follow-up and 69.2% had the consultation in person. The most frequent diagnoses were depression in 51.5% and neglect or abandonment in 27.7%. Association of diagnoses was observed in 58.1%. 70.8% required treatment and 10.8% required hospitalization. Conclusion: Female adolescents consulted more frequently. The most frequent diagnosis was depression, accompanied by a history of sexual abuse or neglect or abandonment.

RESUMEN Diseño del estudio: identificar una mejor estrategia de estiramiento estático (EE), estiramiento dinámico (ED) y facilitación neuromuscular propioceptiva (FNP) en relación con el rendimiento de sus aplicaciones en salto vertical con contramovimiento (SCM). Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en mayo y junio de 2021, en las bases de datos Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, LILACS, SPORTDiscus y Embase. Se utilizó la checklist PRISMA-2020. Para el análisis del riesgo de sesgo se utilizaron la Cochrane handbook y la escala de Downs y Black. Se incluyeron 17 estudios para el análisis cualitativo. El reclutamiento de Unidad Motora y su frecuencia de estimulación favorece los factores neurales y el desempeño de la fuerza muscular durante la contracción. Son necesarias investigaciones detalladas sobre los factores neurales que modifican las respuestas reflejas y el control motor considerando las características biológicas y las deformaciones plásticas. El EE es un predictor negativo para el rendimiento de la salto vertical (SV) y las mejoras se reducen cuando el tiempo de estiramiento es mayor a 60 segundos, y cuando se asocia con FNP no revela resultados significativos. Se sugiere utilizar el EE antes del ED en periodos cortos de 20 segundos y no más de 60 segundos en la preactividad al SV. En tramos cortos, la gama de movimientos se incrementó tanto en la rodilla como en la cadera, y los músculos isquiotibiales, cuando están en tensión, son desfavorables en deportes que utilizan frecuentemente el SV. Por tanto, la FNP mediante la técnica que implica un proceso de contracción y relajación debe investigarse de forma aislada y específica, preconizando el grupo antagonista. Por lo tanto, la disminución de la fuerza del antagonista puede ser favorable para la ganancia de altura, aunque se necesitan estudios contemporáneos para minimizar los predictores de menor estabilidad y/o control muscular. Nível de Evidencia II; Estudio de Revisión Sistematica. estudio EE, , (EE) (ED (FNP SCM. SCM . (SCM) 2021 PubmedMEDLINE Pubmed MEDLINE Pubmed/MEDLINE Scopus LILACS Embase PRISMA2020. PRISMA2020 PRISMA 2020. 2020 PRISMA-2020 Black 1 cualitativo plásticas SV (SV 6 significativos 2 cadera isquiotibiales tensión específica altura yo o II Sistematica (EE (SCM 202 PRISMA202 PRISMA-202 PRISMA20 PRISMA-20 PRISMA2 PRISMA-2 PRISMA-

ABSTRACT Study design: identify a better strategy for static stretching (SS), dynamic stretching (DS), and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) concerning the performance of their applications in countermovement vertical jump (CVJ). A systematic literature review was conducted in May and June 2021 in the Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, LILACS, SPORTDiscus, and Embase databases. The PRISMA-2020 checklist was used. The Cochrane handbook scale and the Downs and Black scale were used for risk of bias analysis. Seventeen studies were included for qualitative analysis. Motor Unit recruitment and its stimulation frequency favor neural factors and muscle strength performance during contraction. Detailed investigations are necessary on the neural factors that modify the reflex responses and motor control, considering the biological characteristics and plastic deformations. The SS is a negative predictor of vertical jump (VJ) performance. The improvements are reduced when the stretching time is longer than 60 seconds, and when associated with PNF, did not reveal significant results. Using the SS before the DS in short periods of 20 seconds and no more than 60 seconds in the pre-activity to the VJ is suggested. In short stretches, the ROM increased both in the knee and the hip, and the hamstring muscles, when in tension, are unfavorable in sports that frequently use the VJ. Therefore, PNF using the technique that involves a process of contracting and relaxing must be investigated in an isolated and specific way, advocating the antagonist group. Thus, decreasing antagonist strength may be favorable for height gain, although contemporary studies are needed to minimize lower stability and muscle control predictors. Level of Evidence II; Systematic Review Study. design SS, , (SS) DS, (DS) (PNF CVJ. CVJ . (CVJ) 202 PubmedMEDLINE Pubmed MEDLINE Pubmed/MEDLINE Scopus LILACS SPORTDiscus databases PRISMA2020 PRISMA 2020 PRISMA-202 analysis contraction deformations (VJ 6 results 2 preactivity pre activity suggested stretches hip muscles tension Therefore way group Thus gain predictors II (SS (DS (CVJ PRISMA202 PRISMA-20 PRISMA20 PRISMA-2 PRISMA2 PRISMA-

RESUMO Design do estudo: identificar uma melhor estratégia de alongamento estático (AE), Alongamento dinâmico (AD) e facilitação neuromuscular proprioceptiva (FNP) em relação ao rendimento de suas aplicações no salto vertical contramovimento (SCM). Desenvolveu-se uma revisão sistemática da Literatura nos meses de maio e junho de 2021, nas bases de dados Pubmed/MEDLINE, Scopus, LILACS, SPORTDiscus e Embase. Utilizou-se o checklist PRISMA-2020. Para análise de risco de viés utilizou-se a escala do Cochrane handbook e a escala de Downs and Black. 17 estudos foram incluídos para análise qualitativa. O recrutamento da Unidade Motora e a sua frequência de estimulações favorecem os fatores neurais e o desempenho da força muscular durante a contração. Investigações circunstanciadas são necessárias sobre os fatores neurais que modificam as respostas reflexas e controle motor considerando as características biológicas e deformações plásticas. O AE é um preditor negativo para o desempenho do salto vertical (SV) e, as melhorias são reduzidas quando o tempo de alongamento é superior a 60 segundos, e quando associado a FNP não revelou resultados significativos. Sugere-se a utilização do AE antes do AD em períodos curtos de 20 segundos e não mais que 60 segundos na pré-atividade ao SV. Nos alongamentos curtos a gama de movimentos aumentou tanto no joelho quanto no quadril e, a musculatura isquiotibial, quando em tensão, é desfavorável em esportes que utilizam frequentemente o SV. Portanto, a FNP com a utilização da técnica que envolve um processo de contrair e relaxar deve ser investigada de forma isolada e específica preconizando o grupo antagonista. Desta forma, diminuir a força do antagonista pode ser favorável para o ganho de altura, embora estudos atualizados sejam necessários para minimizar os preditores de menor estabilidade e/ou controle muscular. Nível de evidência II; Estudo de Revisão Sistemática. estudo AE, , (AE) (AD (FNP SCM. SCM . (SCM) Desenvolveuse Desenvolveu se 2021 PubmedMEDLINE Pubmed MEDLINE Pubmed/MEDLINE Scopus LILACS Embase Utilizouse Utilizou PRISMA2020. PRISMA2020 PRISMA 2020. 2020 PRISMA-2020 utilizouse utilizou Black 1 qualitativa contração plásticas SV (SV 6 significativos Sugerese Sugere 2 préatividade pré atividade isquiotibial tensão Portanto altura eou ou II Sistemática (AE (SCM 202 PRISMA202 PRISMA-202 PRISMA20 PRISMA-20 PRISMA2 PRISMA-2 PRISMA-

Resumen Este es un estudio de sociología de las profesiones jurídicas desarrollado con el objetivo de identificar la construcción de la identidad "concurseira" (la identidad de alguien que aspira a ser funcionario público en Brasil) a partir del análisis de la presentación del self en el espacio social virtual de Instagram. Llevamos a cabo un análisis dramatúrgico, inspirado en Goffman, de las interacciones ocurridas durante el mes de junio de 2022 en 44 perfiles de Instagram. El trabajo interpretativo consistió en la búsqueda de valores compartidos por los miembros del grupo. Llegamos a identificar una disposición constante del grupo para presentar el papel de trabajador y persona ordenada que evita el conflicto y materializa los "valores familiares". Etiquetamos esos rasgos de personalidad como "trabajador" y "familiar". Concluimos que existen diferencias significativas entre los valores "profesionales" y los valores de los "concurseiros" en el campo. Comprendimos que (1) hay una diferencia significativa entre los valores de los concurseiros y los valores "profesionales" en el ámbito jurídico, y (2) esto conduce a una gran posibilidad de ver problemas concretos en los sistemas institucionales de educación jurídica y control ético. concurseira "concurseira Brasil Instagram dramatúrgico Goffman 202 4 familiares. familiares . familiares" "trabajador familiar. familiar "familiar" profesionales "profesionales "concurseiros campo 1 (1 jurídico 2 (2 ético 20 "familiar (

Abstract This is a study on the sociology of juridical professions developed with the aim to identify the construction of an “concurseira’s” identity (the identity of a public servant “wannabe” in Brazil) from the analysis of the presentation of the self in the virtual social space of Instagram. We carried on a dramaturgical analysis, inspired by Ervin Goffman, of the interactions occurred during the month of June in 2022 in 44 Instagram’s profile. The interpretative work consisted in the search for values shared by members of the group. We came to identify a constant group’s disposition for the presentation of a role of a worker and orderly person that avoid the conflict and that materialize “family values”. We labeled those traces of personality as “worker” and “family”. We concluded that there are significant differences between “professional” values and “concurseiro’s” values in the field. We understood that (1) there is a significant difference between the concurseiro’s values and the “professional” values in the juridical field, and (2) this leads to a great chance of seeing concrete problems in the institutional systems of juridical education and ethics’ control. concurseiras concurseira s “concurseira’s wannabe “wannabe Brazil Instagram Goffman 202 4 Instagrams profile group groups family values. . values” “worker family. “family” professional “professional concurseiros concurseiro “concurseiro’s field 1 (1 2 (2 ethics control 20 (

Resumo Esta é uma pesquisa desenvolvida no âmbito da sociologia das profissões jurídicas com o objetivo de identificar o processo de construção da identidade concurseira a partir da análise das representações do eu no espaço de socialização virtual do Instagram. Realizou-se análise “dramatúrgica” inspirada nas pesquisas de Ervin Goffman das interações ocorridas nos perfis de Instagram de 44 atores em representação no mundo dos concursos durante o mês de junho de 2022. O trabalho interpretativo consistiu na busca pela identificação de valores compartilhados pelos integrantes do heterogêneo grupo de análise. Percebemos uma disposição de grupo constante para a representação de um tipo trabalhador e ordeiro, avesso ao conflito aberto e materializador dos “valores familiares”. Rotulamos esses traços de identidade como os de uma pessoa “trabalhadora” e “família”. Concluímos que (1) há uma grande diferença entre os valores “profissionais” das carreiras jurídicas e os valores “concurseiros” em circulação no espaço social e que (2) isso nos permite diagnosticar a existência de problemas significativos no contexto do exercício concreto das atividades institucionais de formação e controle da “moral oficial” dentro do campo jurídico profissional, nas escolas de formação, nas corregedorias e nos tribunais de ética. Realizouse Realizou se dramatúrgica “dramatúrgica 4 2022 ordeiro familiares. familiares . familiares” trabalhadora “trabalhadora família. família “família” 1 (1 profissionais “profissionais concurseiros “concurseiros 2 (2 moral oficial profissional ética 202 “família ( 20

Abstract Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) is an errant segmented worm from the Nereididae family (Annelida) and is broadly distributed around the greater Atlantic basin. A. succinea is a resilient mobile omnivore that plays an important role in connecting lower and upper levels of the food web. Like many other nereidids, A. succinea metamorphoses into reproductive swimming forms, called epitokes, before entering the water column to spawn. In Galveston, Texas the species A. succinea is commonly found in fouling communities attached to artificial structures in marinas. This study presents a two-year survey of a population found in the Texas A&M University at Galveston Boat Basin. Over the two-year period, we collected over 2,000 A.succinea individuals for a gross comparison of population dynamics and morphometrics. During the summer, we found high numbers of small individuals, indicating a primary recruitment period. This was further corroborated by the high number of epitokes in the summer compared to the winter and spring. During the summer and fall, the observed epitokes were significantly smaller than those found in the winter and spring, which supports previous research that shows a positive relationship between temperature and developmental rates. The continual presence of epitokes indicates the existence of a recruitment process that occurs continuously throughout the year. In terms of morphometrics, atokes and epitokes, both females and males, had their own unique profiles. As we expected, epitokes have larger eyes and wider posterior segments compared to atokes. Interestingly, we found females to be significantly larger than males, no matter the season. This study presents an updated approach to staging sexually reproductive individuals to help standardize taxonomic descriptions. Leuckart, Leuckart (Leuckart 1847 Annelida (Annelida basin A web nereidids forms spawn marinas twoyear two year AM M Basin period 2000 2 000 2,00 Asuccinea morphometrics spring fall rates males profiles expected Interestingly season descriptions 184 200 00 2,0 18 20 0 2, 1

Abstract The exploited mangrove crab Ucides cordatus, an important ecosystem engineer in South American mangroves, has a biphasic lifecycle with pelagic larvae developing offshore. Megalopae return to the mangrove forest to settle, i.e., metamorphose into benthic juveniles but its environmental drivers remain poorly understood. We postulate that conspecific crabs facilitate recruitment. In the field, we investigated whether the number of recruits is higher near conspecific burrows than in areas without conspecific bioturbation. Recruit sampling was conducted monthly from April 2008 to May 2009 along an environmental gradient. First, U. cordatus recruits of that year emerged from March to July. Intraspecific facilitation was indicated by significantly higher recruit numbers in bioturbated than in non-bioturbated substrates. Recruits were most abundant in zones with intermediate conditions of inundation, leaf litter standing stock, sediment consistency, luminosity, temperature, salinity, and pH. Avoidance of more inundated zones likely reduces predation by fishes and of less inundated zones helps individuals escape more stressful, drier environmental conditions. The observed habitat-specific recruitment pattern must be considered when designing field assessments of the population structure of U. cordatus (which should include sampling recruits) and enhancing stocks by releasing laboratory-cultivated larvae and first juveniles into the wild. mangroves offshore settle ie i e i.e. understood bioturbation 200 gradient First U July nonbioturbated non substrates inundation stock consistency luminosity temperature salinity pH stressful habitatspecific habitat specific which laboratorycultivated laboratory cultivated wild i.e 20 2

Abstract Small joints are the primary target for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, few studies have investigated the quantitative aspects of these changes using a design-unbiased stereological method. Eight male Lewis rats were randomized to either an arthritis group (complete Freund’s adjuvant at the base of the tail) or a control group (saline solution). After 28 days the 5th metatarsophalangeal joints (5MTP joint) were decalcified and embedded in methylmethacrylate. The fingers were systematically sectioned perpendicular to the joint cartilage surface to produce 10-12 vertical sections. We quantified the morphological changes in four steps: (i) determination of the Cavalieri volume of joints, (ii) ascertainment of the volume density of tissues, (iii) estimation of the cartilage surface area, and (iv) 3-D counting of chondrocytes and mast cells. Arthritic joints were edematous due to a significant increase in the periarticular region. Synovium volume was inversely related to synovial space. Stereological analysis provided details of changes induced by chronic inflammation, particularly edema, synovial space narrowing, synovitis, mast cell recruitment, bone remodeling, and chondrocyte loss in 5MTP joints. These interrelated pathological changes in chronic inflammation collectively contribute to the progressive joint damage and dysfunction seen in arthritis. RA. RA . (RA) However designunbiased design unbiased method complete Freunds Freund s tail saline solution. solution solution) 2 th MTP methylmethacrylate 1012 10 12 10-1 sections steps i (i ii (ii tissues iii (iii area iv (iv 3D D 3 cells region edema narrowing synovitis recruitment remodeling (RA 101 1 10-

Resumo Este artigo analisa as trajetórias, competências e práticas das elites do Ministério do Interior na Argentina durante a presidência de Mauricio Macri. Apoiado em entrevistas em profundidade e num levantamento de material oficial e da imprensa escrita, mostra as credenciais desses agentes e a sua relevância para lidar com as provações específicas da pasta. No entanto, descreve o poder díspar que os seus membros tinham antes e depois de chegarem ao governo, e defende a importância de estudar as apostas e práticas concretas dos grupos dirigentes, complementando o exame analítico das propriedades sociais com uma perspectiva comportamental das elites. trajetórias Macri escrita pasta entanto governo dirigentes

Abstract This article analyzes the trajectories, skills and practices of the elites of the Ministry of Interior in Argentina during the presidency of Mauricio Macri. Supported by in-depth interviews and the survey of official material and written press, the credentials of these agents and their relevance in facing the specific tests of the portfolio are shown. Nevertheless, it describes the disparate power that its members had before and after coming to government, and argues the importance of studying the concrete stakes and practices of the ruling groups, complementing the analytical look of social properties with a behavioral perspective of the elites. trajectories Macri indepth depth press shown Nevertheless government groups

Resumen Este artículo analiza las trayectorias, destrezas y prácticas de las elites del Ministerio del Interior en Argentina durante la presidencia de Mauricio Macri. Apoyado en entrevistas en profundidad y en el relevamiento de material oficial y prensa escrita, muestra las credenciales de estos agentes y su relevancia para enfrentar las pruebas específicas de la cartera. No obstante, describe el poder dispar que tuvieron antes y después de llegar al gobierno, y sostiene la importancia de estudiar las apuestas y prácticas concretas de los grupos dirigentes, complementando la mirada analítica de las propiedades sociales con una perspectiva comportamental de las elites. trayectorias Macri escrita cartera obstante gobierno practicas pra cticas dirigentes analitica anali tica