Abstract The production restructuring of Western metropolises in the last decades of the 20th century required national and local governments to debate and develop new urban planning instruments aimed at the physical and functional reconversion of spaces previously occupied by industrial activities. This article examines the cases of the King's Cross urban project in London and the Água Branca Urban Operation in São Paulo, both based on partnerships between the public sector and private initiative, particularly through the negotiation of urban assets. We found that in the international case, although elements of exclusion were observed, the design process aimed at integrated solutions for socio-environmental requalification. In the São Paulo case, the implementation process was characterized by the regulatory modeling of the space to the detriment of urban design. th activities Kings King s initiative assets case observed socioenvironmental socio environmental requalification

Resumo A reestruturação produtiva das metrópoles ocidentais, nas últimas décadas do século XX, exigiu dos governos nacionais e locais o debate e a elaboração de novos instrumentos urbanísticos voltados à reconversão física e funcional dos espaços então ocupados pela atividade industrial. Este artigo examina os casos do projeto urbano de King’s Cross, em Londres, e da Operação Urbana Água Branca, em São Paulo, ambos pautados na parceria entre poder público e iniciativa privada, especialmente por meio da negociação de ativos urbanos. Constatamos que no caso internacional, embora se observem elementos de exclusão, o processo projetual mirou soluções integradas de requalificação socioambiental. No caso paulistano, o processo de implementação foi caracterizado pela prevalência da modelagem regulatória do espaço em detrimento do projeto urbano. ocidentais XX industrial Kings King s Cross Londres Branca Paulo privada urbanos internacional exclusão socioambiental paulistano

Abstract This paper aims to understand and characterize the emergence of tertiary spaces in the post-industrial city, focusing on the spatial and production transformations they promote. We understand tertiary spaces as novel urban forms targeted at the spatial and production repurposing of consolidated areas that stimulate the growth of the tertiary sector, commercial vitality, and urban dynamism. The study focuses on the Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires. The methodological strategy is qualitative, and data were produced through a morpho-typological survey and interviews with municipal authorities and entrepreneurs in the sector. The results show the role played by those forms in the urban and production repurposing of previously industrial areas. postindustrial post city promote sector vitality dynamism Aires qualitative morphotypological morpho typological

Resumen Este artículo se propone comprender y caracterizar el surgimiento de espacios del terciario en la ciudad posindustrial, poniendo particular atención a las transformaciones productivas y espaciales que promueven. Entendemos a los espacios del terciario como figuras urbanas novedosas orientadas a la reconversión productiva y espacial de áreas consolidadas, estimulando el crecimiento del sector terciario, la vitalidad comercial y la dinamización urbana. La investigación está focalizada en la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. La estrategia metodológica es cualitativa y los datos fueron producidos mediante un relevamiento morfo-tipológico y la realización de entrevistas a funcionarios municipales y empresarios del sector. Los resultados evidencian el papel que juegan estas figuras en la reconversión productiva y urbana de áreas previamente industriales. posindustrial promueven consolidadas Aires morfotipológico morfo tipológico industriales

Resumen En este trabajo se abordará la renovación peronista platense a partir de la agrupación Liberación Nacional. La misma nació como parte de los procesos de politización de sectores católicos platenses y su reconversión militante en su modalidad político-partidaria. Esta organización fue parte central de la renovación peronista platense y al rastrear sus dinámicas, roles y disputas a lo largo de la década del ochenta es posible dar cuenta de este fenómeno y sus rasgos específicos a partir de un abordaje cualitativo centrado en entrevistas biográficas y análisis documental. De esta forma habrá cinco secciones. Las primeras cuatro, aluden a las cuatro elecciones que tuvieron lugar en la década del ochenta: 1983, 1985, 1987 y 1989. Allí se pensará el proceso local y la experiencia de la agrupación Liberación Nacional en diálogo con los fenómenos provinciales y nacionales. Del mismo modo, se abordarán la presentación de sus candidaturas principales, su propuesta de democratización y la disputa interna que tuvieron en La Plata Lugones y Alak que, de cierta forma, replicaba la acontecida entre Cafiero y Menem. En la quinta sección se profundizará en la territorialidad como un elemento constitutivo de la experiencia de la agrupación Liberación Nacional que permite dar cuenta de su ascenso, auge y caída.

Abstract In this work, the peronist renovation of La Plata will be analized throw the politic party called Liberación Nacional. It was born as part of the politicization processes of third-world catholic sectors of La Plata and their militant reconversion in their political-party modality. This organization was a central part of the peronist renovation of La Plata and by tracing its dynamics throughout the eighties it is possible to account for this phenomenon and its specific features from a qualitative approach focused on biographical interviews and analysis. documentary. In this way there will be five sections. The first four refer to the four elections that took place in the eighties: 1983, 1985, 1987 and 1989. There the local process and the experience of Liberación Nacional will be thought in dialogue with provincial and national phenomen. In the same way, the presentation of the main candidates, its democratization proposal and the internal dispute that occurred in La Plata between Lugones and Alak, which, in a certain way, replicated the one that occurred between Cafiero and Menem. In the fifth section, territoriality will be analized as a constitutive element of the experience of Liberación Nacional.

Resumen En las últimas décadas del siglo XX los estudios sobre salud laboral comenzaron a indagar la situación específica de las mujeres y el impacto de las desigualdades sexogenéricas en la morbilidad producida por el trabajo. A mediados de los años noventa, y luego de un proceso de reconversión productiva, la agricultura latinoamericana fue objeto de diversas investigaciones en esta materia, especialmente por la feminización del sector. Distintos estudios identificaron que las nuevas oportunidades de empleo ofrecidas a las agricultoras de la región se acompañaron de una transformación y diversificación de los sufrimientos laborales. En ese contexto, este escrito se propone sistematizar los principales hallazgos sobre la salud de las trabajadoras agrícolas latinoamericanas y sugerir temáticas poco exploradas. Metodológicamente, el artículo se basa en la revisión y análisis documental de publicaciones alojadas en portales de divulgación científica relevantes para América Latina.

Abstract In the final decades of the 20th century, occupational health studies began to investigate the specific circumstances of women and the impact of gender inequalities on work-related morbidity. By the mid-1990s, following a process of productive restructuring, Latin American agriculture became the focus of numerous studies in this field, particularly due to the feminization of labor in the sector. Various studies identified that the new employment opportunities available to female agricultural workers in the region were accompanied by a transformation and diversification of occupational risks. In this context, this paper aims to systematize the principal findings on the health of Latin American female agricultural workers and to highlight underexplored themes. Methodologically, the article is based on a review and documentary analysis of publications hosted on scientific dissemination portals pertinent to Latin America.

Resumen En este artículo se analiza el proceso de recomposición libertaria que experimenta Argentina a partir del año 2023 y sus efectos sobre la educación pública. El objetivo es realizar una revisión conceptual. Se adopta una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa para comprender al libertarismo como corriente política. En primer lugar, se realiza una elucidación de libertario, para precisar su significado en términos políticos. En segundo lugar, se analizan las políticas de reconversión educativa derivadas de la moderna derecha en las décadas precedentes. A partir de ello se caracteriza a una de las propuestas del gobierno libertario argentino, el Programa de Vouchers Educativos, a la luz de sus antecedentes internacionales. Finalmente, se contrasta este programa de vouchers con el derecho a la educación y el marco normativo que posee la Argentina en la materia.

Abstract This article analyzes the libertarian process that Argentina is undergoing and its effects on public education. This began in December 2023. The objective is to carry out a conceptual review. A qualitative methodological perspective is adopted to understand libertarianism as a political current. Firstly, an explanation of libertarianism is carried out in order to clarify its meaning in political terms. Secondly, the educational reconversion policies derived from the modern right in the preceding decades are analyzed. On this basis, one of the proposals of the Argentine libertarian government, the Educational Voucher Program, is characterized according to its international antecedents. Finally, this voucher program is contrasted with the right to education and the normative framework that Argentina has in this matter.

Abstract: Driven by urban recovery policies and academic debates, in recent decades, there has been a renewed interest in Latin American city centers, which has been referred to as a return to the built city. In this paper we take the areas undergoing residential substitution processes in the Metropolitan Area of Mendoza (Mendoza, Argentina) to ask what are the features that define the reconversion of its central areas. By analysing statistical information and using the technique of direct observation, we recorded the different processes that explain the high-rise development of the city's central areas. The hypothesis we suggest is that the Metropolitan Area of Mendoza exhibits a new dynamism in its centrality linked to socio-demographic transformations and housing changes that promote residential densification in valued areas of the metropoli.

Resumen: Impulsado por las políticas de recuperación urbana y los debates académicos, en las últimas décadas existe un renovado interés por los centros de las ciudades latinoamericanas que la literatura especializada ha denominado como regreso a la ciudad construida. En este artículo tomamos las zonas que atraviesan procesos de sustitución residencial en el Área Metropolitana de Mendoza (Mendoza, Argentina) para preguntamos cuáles son los rasgos que definen la reconversión de sus áreas centrales. A partir del análisis de información estadística y el empleo de la técnica de la observación directa, registramos los distintos procesos que apuntalan el desarrollo en altura de las zonas centrales de la ciudad. La hipótesis que esbozamos es que el Área Metropolitana de Mendoza exhibe un nuevo dinamismo en su centralidad vinculado con transformaciones sociodemográficas y cambios habitacionales que promueven una densificación residencial en zonas valorizadas de la metrópoli.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic caused the stoppage of the movement of people globally, a situation that especially affected tourism as an economic activity. This article addresses the impact of the closure of the Peruvian-Chilean border during the COVID-19 pandemic on the hotel and gastronomic sector of Tacna. Through a qualitative methodology that included a bibliographic review, economic data analysis, and semi-structured interviews with hotel and restaurant owners and managers, we investigated the problems they had to face during the pandemic and the strategies to overcome them. The findings indicate that until March 2020 both items experienced strong growth within the framework of cross-border practices from Chileans to Tacna, within which enjoying Peruvian food was one of the main attractions. The pandemic forced small hotels and restaurants to deploy strategies such as layoffs and the provision of family labor to overcome the crisis and convert to delivery food. The largest and most formalized companies accessed subsidies and support from the state and in other cases, the reconversion was hand in hand with agreements with mining companies to house workers while the health emergency lasted.

Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19 produjo la detención de los desplazamientos de personas a nivel global, situación que afectó especialmente al turismo como actividad económica. Este artículo aborda el impacto que produjo el cierre de la frontera peruano-chilena durante la pandemia de COVID-19, en el rubro hotelero y gastronómico de Tacna. A través de una metodología cualitativa que incluyó revisión bibliográfica, análisis de datos económicos y entrevistas semiestructuradas a dueños y administradores de hoteles y restaurantes, indagamos los problemas que debieron afrontar durante la pandemia y las estrategias para superarlos. Los hallazgos indican que hasta marzo del 2020, ambos rubros experimentaron un fuerte crecimiento en el marco de prácticas transfronterizas de chilenos a Tacna, dentro de los cuales, disfrutar de la comida peruana era uno de los principales atractivos. La pandemia obligó a los hoteles y restaurantes pequeños a desplegar estrategias como el despido y la provisión de mano de obra familiar para superar la crisis y reconvertirse a la comida por entregas o delivery. Las empresas más grandes y con mayor formalización accedieron a subsidios y apoyos del Estado y en otros casos, la reconversión fue de la mano de convenios con empresas mineras para alojar a trabajadores mientras duró la emergencia sanitaria.

Resumen Para el año 2018 entra en vigor la ley 1930 que plantea la reconversión productiva agroecológica de las actividades agrícolas en los páramos de Colombia. Esta ley exige la inclusión de las personas que viven y mantienen actividades agropecuarias en el páramo en los procesos de reconversión, pero no plantea mecanismos para reconocer las diferentes formas de agricultura que existen en este ecosistema. Por ende, se diseñó una herramienta con el objetivo de clasificar fincas a partir de 9 criterios y 16 indicadores, como parte de su validación, la herramienta fue comparada con un método de clasificación estadístico empleado comúnmente. Con el método propuesto se obtuvieron cuatro tipologías de finca donde el 6% de la muestra fue clasificada como agroecológico próximo, el 35% como campesino tradicional, el 10% como agroindustrial incipiente y el 48% como productor transicional. Estadísticamente no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el campesino tradicional y el agroindustrial incipiente porque emplean un manejo agronómico similar. La herramienta propuesta prioriza la cosmovisión y el arraigo tanto como la productividad, a diferencia del método estadístico que redujo los criterios para la clasificación priorizando indicadores productivos. La herramienta propuesta permite definir rutas particularizadas a escala finca y planificar procesos de transición cumpliendo la ley, pero incorporando capacidades locales reales, el conocimiento disponible y la cosmovisión de la familia en torno al futuro de la finca.

Abstract For the year 2018, law 1930 comes into force, which proposes the agroecological productive reconversion of agricultural activities in the moorlands of Colombia. This law requires the inclusion of people living and maintaining agricultural activities in the moorland in the reconversion processes but does not propose mechanisms to recognize the different forms of agriculture that exist in this ecosystem. Therefore, a tool was designed with the objective of classifying farms based on 9 criteria and 16 indicators. As part of its validation, the tool was compared with a commonly used statistical classification method. With the proposed method, four farm typologies were obtained where 6% of the sample was classified as near agroecological, 35% as traditional farmer, 10% as incipient agro-industrial and 48% as transitional producer. Statistically, no significant differences were found between the traditional farmer and the incipient agro-industrial farmer because they use similar agronomic management. The proposed tool prioritizes worldview and rootedness as much as productivity, unlike the statistical method that reduced the criteria for classification by prioritizing productive indicators. The proposed tool makes it possible to define particularized routes at the farm scale and to plan transition processes in compliance with the law, but incorporating real local capacities, available knowledge, and the family’s cosmovision of the farm’s future.

Abstract: This article seeks to provide theoretical, empirical and reflexive elements to discuss, denaturalise and highlight the implication of racist power relations in forms of migration governance, based on the political-institutional use of the category of ‘extraregional’ migration in South America and Mesoamerica between 2010 and 2021. A qualitative methodological approach has been adopted, based on a documentary review and interviews of key informants. In a context hegemonised by south-north movements of migrants from the Caribbean, Africa and Asia now occurring, it has been argued that the IOM has played an active role in the political production of racialised subjects through various interventionist designs targeting ‘migrants in transit’. It is suggested that migration governance constructs (and relies on) a ‘technical racism’ which, based on the denial of racial and geopolitical hierarchies that stratify mobility, confers an appearance of neutrality on classifications and political practices that co-produce the subordination of such movements. It is concluded that the analysis of the configuration and reconversion of the category of extra-regional migrants reveals historical specificities of south-north migrations which, changing and disputed geopolitically, allow us to witness how global processes of racialisation of migration and border control in the region are taking shape.

Resumen: Este artículo busca aportar elementos teóricos, empíricos y reflexivos para discutir, desnaturalizar y visibilizar la implicación de relaciones racistas de poder en los modos de gobierno de la migración, partiendo del uso político-institucional que recibe la categoría de migración “extrarregional” en Sudamérica y Mesoamérica entre 2010 y 2021. Se adopta un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, basado en revisión documental y entrevistas a informantes claves. En el contexto hegemonizado por movimientos sur-norte de migrantes del Caribe, África y Asia que impera en este periodo, se argumenta que la OIM ha desempeñado un papel activo en la producción política de sujetos racializados mediante diversos diseños de intervención dirigidos a “migrantes en tránsito”. Se sugiere que la gobernanza migratoria construye (y se apoya en) un “racismo técnico” que, basado en la negación de jerarquías raciales y geopolíticas que estratifican la movilidad, permite conferir apariencia de neutralidad a clasificaciones y prácticas políticas que coproducen la subordinación del movimiento. Se concluye que el análisis de la configuración y reconversión de la categoría de migrantes extrarregionales está revelando especificidades históricas de las migraciones sur-norte que, siendo geopolíticamente cambiantes y disputadas, permiten advertir cómo se plasman procesos globales de racialización del control migratorio y fronterizo en la región.

Resumo As mudanças antropogênicas têm causado profundas repercussões, que levaram a uma degradação progressiva dos recursos naturais. No caso da Amazônia equatoriana, a alta taxa de desmatamento, as mudanças no uso da terra e o manejo extensivo da pecuária têm levado a baixas taxas de produção, com uma ameaça iminente ao conforto térmico dos ruminantes. O presente estudo teve como objetivo contrastar como o uso de sistemas silvipastoris (SPs) representa uma opção viável para a reconversão da pecuária extensiva. O presente estudo comparou o uso de sistemas silvipastoris versus um sistema pastoral convencional, como alternativa para a recuperação de áreas degradadas. Portanto, sob um delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados, Brachiaria decumbens foi avaliada com três tratamentos: Controle = pastoral convencional, SPs1 = densidade 100 árvores/ha-1 e SPs2 = 150 árvores/ha-1. Todas as variáveis ambientais e indicadores bioclimáticos [temperatura e carga de calor radiante (RHL)] mostraram-se mitigados sob SPs (P < 0,001), o que se traduz em melhor conforto térmico para ruminantes (RHL; 638 vs. 1.749 ± 40; P < 0,001). Embora os tratamentos tenham afetado todas as variáveis agronômicas de Brachiaria decumbens (P < 0,001 a 0,004), o mês condicionou a maioria das determinações químicas (P < 0,001). Isso significa que o uso de SPs em médio ou longo prazo pode contribuir para a recuperação de pastagens em processos de degradação. Consequentemente, os SPs como alternativa de produção limpa ajudariam a melhorar alguns aspectos, como qualidade do solo e rendimentos agronômicos, bem como maior qualidade nutricional das pastagens. De qualquer forma, estudos de longo prazo devem ser realizados para contrastar nossas respostas. repercussões naturais equatoriana desmatamento (SPs extensiva convencional degradadas Portanto casualizados 10 árvores/ha1 árvoresha1 árvoresha árvores/ha 1 árvores ha árvores/ha- 15 árvores/ha1. 1. temperatura RHL (RHL) mostraramse mostraram 0,001, 0001 , 0 001 0,001) (RHL 63 vs 1749 749 1.74 40 0,001. . 0,00 0,004, 0004 0,004 004 0,004) Consequentemente aspectos agronômicos forma respostas ha1 000 00 6 174 74 1.7 4 0,0 17 7 0,

Abstract Athropogenic changes have caused profound repercussions, which have led to a progressive degradation of natural resources. In the case of the Ecuadorian Amazon, the high rate of deforestation, changes in land use and extensive livestock management have led to low production rates with an eminent threat to the thermal comfort of ruminants. The present study aimed to contrasts how the use of SPs represents a viable option for the reconversion of extensive livestock farming. The current study compared the use of silvopastoral systems (SPs) versus a conventional pastoral system, as an alternative for the recovery of degraded areas. Therefore, under a completely randomized block design, Brachiaria decumbens was evaluated with three of treatments, such as Control = conventional pastoral, SPs1 = density 100 trees/ha-1 and SPs2 = 150 trees/ha-1. All environmental variables and bioclimatic indicators (temperature and radiant heat load: RHL) were shown to be mitigated under SPs (P < 0.001), which translates into better thermal comfort for ruminants (RHL; 638 vs. 1749 ± 40; P < 0.001). Although, the treatments affected all the agronomic variables of Brachiaria decumbens (P < 0.001 to 0.004), the month conditioned most of the chemical determinations (P < 0.001). This means that the use of SPs in the medium or long term could contribute to the recovery of pastures in degradation processes. Consequently, SPs as a clean production alternative would help improve aspects such as soil quality, agronomic yields, as well as greater nutritional quality of pastures. In any case, long-term studies should be performed to contrast our responses. repercussions resources Amazon deforestation farming (SPs system areas Therefore design 10 trees/ha1 treesha1 treesha trees/ha 1 trees ha trees/ha- 15 trees/ha1. 1. temperature load RHL 0.001, 0001 , 0 001 0.001) (RHL 63 vs 174 40 0.001. . Although 0.00 0.004, 0004 0.004 004 0.004) processes Consequently yields longterm responses ha1 000 00 6 17 4 0.0 0.

Abstract The objective of the text is to discuss and problematize industrial reconversion strategies triggered by productive territories under processes of “deindustrialization”. The empirical reference will be the institutional and political experience of the ABC region of São Paulo, which occurred in the period 2009-2015, throughout the process of negotiation and acquisition of new Gripen supersonic fighters by the Brazilian Air Force (FAB). We want to demonstrate that the final option of the Brazilian government for the Swedish equipment, accompanied by the installation of a research center in São Bernardo do Campo (SP), was directly related to the search for concrete alternatives to the regional economic crisis and opened space for the creation of new dynamics of development and partnerships, both for companies and universities, as for workers and public administration. deindustrialization. deindustrialization . “deindustrialization” Paulo 20092015, 20092015 2009 2015, 2015 2009-2015 FAB. FAB (FAB) equipment SP, SP , (SP) partnerships universities administration “deindustrialization 2009201 200 201 2009-201 (FAB (SP 200920 20 2009-20 20092 2 2009-2 2009-

Resumo O objetivo do texto é discutir e problematizar estratégias de reconversão industrial acionadas por territórios produtivos sob processos de “desindustrialização”. A referência empírica será a experiência institucional e política da região do ABC Paulista, ocorrida no período de 2009 a 2015, ao longo do processo de negociação e aquisição de novos caças supersônicos Gripen pela Força Aérea Brasileira (FAB). Queremos demonstrar que a opção final do governo brasileiro pelo equipamento sueco, acompanhado pela instalação de um centro de pesquisa em São Bernardo do Campo (SP), teve relação direta com a busca de alternativas concretas à crise econômica regional e abriu espaço para a criação de novas dinâmicas de desenvolvimento e parcerias, tanto para empresas e universidades, como para os trabalhadores e para a administração pública. desindustrialização. desindustrialização . “desindustrialização” Paulista 200 2015 FAB. FAB (FAB) sueco SP, SP , (SP) parcerias universidades pública “desindustrialização 20 201 (FAB (SP 2

Abstract This article discusses the transformations and restructuring of the city of Lens, located in the department of Pas-de-Calais, in the administrative region of Hauts-de-France, northern France. This discussion pertains to the spatial transformations of the form and function during the evolution of industrial capitalism and, subsequently, globalization. The “Territorial Reconversion” process implemented in the area through state planning from the 1960s to 1990 (the year of the closure of the last coal mine) aimed to change the region’s specialization in response to the serious issues of unemployment and economic recession. Thus, through the establishment of infrastructure and urban remodeling, the French state, in association with policies of the European Union, involving private companies and civil organizations in the region, organized itself to transform the area by changing the economic profile linked to mining and textile production to more dynamic and productive activities. These strategies influenced the transformations of the urban space of Lens, reshaping it towards cultural activities (especially music and cinema workshops) and tourism. Among the latter, the installation of a branch of the Louvre Museum stands out. This article aims to reflect on these transformations in Lens, based on the analysis of the introduction of new forms and functions and the re-signification of old forms enveloped by new functions. Lens PasdeCalais, PasdeCalais Pas de Calais, Calais Pas-de-Calais HautsdeFrance, HautsdeFrance Hauts France, France Hauts-de-France subsequently globalization Territorial Reconversion s 199 mine regions recession Thus remodeling Union especially workshops tourism latter out resignification re signification 19 1

Resumo O presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma discussão a respeito das transformações e reestruturação da cidade de Lens, localizada no departamento de Pas-de-Calais, na região administrativa de Hauts-de-France, no norte da França. Essa discussão compete às transformações espaciais das categorias forma e função durante a evolução do capitalismo industrial e, posteriormente, à globalização. O processo de “Reconversão Territorial” implementado na área, via planejamento estatal, desde os anos de 1960 até 1990 (ano do fechamento da última mina de carvão) teve como objetivo alterar a especialização da região, em vista do grave problema de desemprego e de recessão econômica. Assim, por meio da instalação de infraestruturas e da remodelação urbana, o Estado francês, em associação com políticas próprias da União Europeia, com a participação de empresas privadas e de organizações civis da região em questão, organizou-se no sentido de transformar a região alterando o perfil econômico ligado às atividades da mineração e da produção têxtil para atividades mais dinâmicas e produtivas. Essas estratégias influenciaram as transformações do espaço urbano da cidade de Lens, remodelando-a segundo atividades culturais (ateliês de música e de cinema, sobretudo) e atividades turísticas. Entre estas últimas destaca-se a instalação de uma unidade do Museu do Louvre. Este artigo tem como propósito fazer uma reflexão acerca dessas transformações de Lens, baseando-se na análise da introdução de novas formas e funções, bem como na ressignificação de velhas formas envoltas por novas funções. Lens PasdeCalais, PasdeCalais Pas Calais, Calais Pas-de-Calais HautsdeFrance, HautsdeFrance Hauts France, France Hauts-de-France França posteriormente globalização Reconversão Territorial área estatal 196 199 ano carvão econômica Assim urbana francês Europeia questão organizouse organizou se produtivas remodelandoa remodelando ateliês cinema sobretudo turísticas destacase destaca Louvre baseandose baseando funções 19 1

RESUMEN Sesenta y dos especies de hongos de Argentina han sido incluidas en diferentes categorías de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de las Especies (UICN). Rickiella edulis (Speg.) Pfister es conocida como una especie formadora de ascomas de tamaño considerable, de fácil identificación y reconocimiento a campo y aun así el número de registros de esta especie es bajo en Argentina. Los dos ecosistemas na- turales en los que ha sido registrada se encuentran en alarmante estado de retroceso por su reconversión para actividades agrícola-ganaderas y por el crecimiento urbano; por lo cual la especie ha sido categorizada como Amenazada (Endangered) por la UICN en 2020. El presente trabajo proporciona la primera revisión de las especies Argentina incluidas en la Lista Roja de Especies de la UICN revisadas en la unidad “The Global Fungal Red List Initiative”, con énfasis en las especies relevantes; y contribuye con nueva información respecto a la distribución geográfica de R. edulis en la Argentina, que no contaba con nuevos aportes desde el año 2016, incorporando el primer registro para la Reserva de la Biosfera de las Yungas en la provincia de Jujuy, NO de Argentina.

ABSTRACT Sixty-two species of fungi from Argentina have been listed in different categories of the International Union for Conservation of Species (IUCN). Rickiella edulis (Speg.) Pfister is known as an ascoma-forming species of considerable size, easy to identify and recognize in the field. The number of records of this species in Argentina is still scarce. The two natural ecosystems in which it has been record- ed are in alarming decline due to their conversion to agricultural and livestock activities and urban growth. Those factors led the IUCN to categorize R. edulis as an Endangered species in 2020. Additionally, other sixty-two species of fungi from Argentina are currently included in different IUCN categories. This paper provides the first review of the Argentine species included in the IUCN Red List of Species reviewed in the unit “The Global Fungal Red List Initiative”, with emphasis on relevant species. This work also provides new information on the geographic distribution of R. edulis in Argentina, which has had no new contributions since 2016, incorporating the first record for the Yungas Biosphere Reserve in the province of Jujuy, NW Argentina.

Resumen El artículo estudia cómo entre 1950 y 1970 la Oficina de Estudios Especiales –institución de la Secretaría de Agricultura de México cofinanciada por la Fundación Rockefeller– participó de la formación de una agricultura forrajera intensiva y de la reorganización de la geografía lechera mexicana. Para ello, se analiza el caso del Estado de México, que hasta 1936 abastecía de leche al Distrito Federal, capital del país y principal centro de demanda. En la década siguiente, sin embargo, la sequía, la fiebre aftosa y el aumento de la demanda crearon un cuello de botella en la oferta. Para impulsar la producción de forraje y de leche, la Oficina realizó investigaciones en alfalfa y maíz en dicho estado. No obstante, la reconversión de la economía norteña del algodón hacia la leche en la década de 1950, así como la expansión metropolitana de la ciudad de México, malogró con los proyectos agronómicos y productivos mexiquenses. En la década de 1970, la leche proveniente del norte del país abastecía la mayor parte de la demanda de esa ciudad.

Abstract The article studies how, between 1950 and 1970, the Office of Special Studies, an institution co-financed by the Mexican government and the Rockefeller Foundation, participated in the formation of an intensive forage agriculture, as well as in the reorganization of the Mexican dairy geography. To do this, we will address the case of the State of Mexico, an entity that until 1936 supplied milk to Mexico City, the capital of the country and the main center of demand. In the following decade, however, drought, foot-and-mouth disease and increased demand created a bottleneck supply. To boost forage and milk production, the Office conducted research on alfalfa and corn in that state. However, the reconversion of the northern economy from cotton to milk in the 1950s, as well as the metropolitan expansion of Mexico City, gave way to the deal with Mexiquense agronomic and productive projects. In the 1970s, milk from the north of the country supplied most of the demand in Mexico City.

Resumo O artigo estuda como entre 1950 e 1970 o Escritório de Estudos Especiais – uma instituição do Ministério da Agricultura do México, cofinanciada pela Fundação Rockefeller – participou da formação de uma agricultura forrageira intensiva e a reorganização geográfica da indústria leiteira mexicana. Para isso, analisa-se o caso do Estado do México, que até 1936 fornecia leite ao Distrito Federal, capital do país e principal centro de demanda. Na década seguinte, contudo, a seca, a febre aftosa e o aumento da demanda criaram um estrangulamento na oferta. Para aumentar a produção de forragem e leite, a Secretaria realizou pesquisas com alfafa e milho naquele estado. No entanto, a reconversão da economia do norte do algodão para o leite na década de 1950, bem como a expansão metropolitana da Cidade do México, fez que os projetos agronômicos e produtivos mexicanos fracassassem. Na década de 1970, o leite do norte do país atendia, porém, a maior parte da demanda daquela cidade.

Resumen La industria del vino argentino atravesó dos etapas de cambio estructural desde su integración al mercado mundial. En la primera, iniciada en la década de 1880, un exitoso proceso de modernización tecnológica y reconversión productiva dejó atrás una reducida producción artesanal de vino “carlón” (de uvas criollas) e inauguró un esquema de producción industrial de vino tipo “francés” para un mercado masivo. Argentina emergió como uno de los principales países productores de vinos comunes del mundo. En la segunda, desencadenada en 1980 por la crisis terminal de la vitivinicultura “tradicional”, emprendió el segundo proceso de reconversión productiva que le permitió adaptar la producción del vino doméstico a las nuevas preferencias del consumidor y, con ello, frenar el descenso del consumo per cápita en el mercado interno que había comenzado en 1970, e insertarse (aunque tímidamente) en el mercado internacional como un país exportador de vinos diferenciados, con identidad propia y el Malbec como varietal emblema. Las contribuciones que integran este dossier invitan a reflexionar sobre los desafíos y los cambios que enfrentó la vitivinicultura argentina en clave regional en los últimos sesenta años, así como sobre los aspectos todavía pendientes.

Abstract The Argentine wine industry went through two stages of structural change since its integration into the world market. In the first, begun in the 1880s, a successful process of technological modernization and productive reconversion left behind a reduced artisanal production of “Carlón” wine (from Creole grapes) and inaugurated an industrial production scheme of “French” type wine for a massive market. Argentina emerged as one of the main common wine producing countries in the world. In the second, triggered in 1980 by the terminal crisis of “traditional” winegrowing, it undertook the second process of productive reconversion that allowed it to adapt domestic wine production to new consumer preferences and, thereby, stop the decline in consumption. per capita in the domestic market that had begun in 1970 and insert itself (albeit timidly) into the international market as a country that exports differentiated wines, with its own identity and Malbec as its emblematic varietal. The contributions that make up this dossier invite us to reflect on the challenges and changes that Argentine viticulture has faced regionally in the last sixty years, as well as on the aspects still pending.