ABSTRACT Airbnb is a digitally mediated short-term rental platform. Its presence in cities has generated impacts on the economy, society and urban space. Investigating the spatial distribution of Airbnb units is a path to understanding its presence and combat the externalities. Little has been described about Airbnb’s presence in Latin-American cities. This paper mainly aims to verify if there is a relationship between the location of the Airbnb market and the housing rental market. Drawing on demographic data and the Airbnb website, we identify the predominant regions of Airbnb and the rental market uses. We conclude that: (1) Airbnb predominates in touristy leisure cities; (2) Tourist activities are decisive for the location of Airbnb units; (3) Airbnb uses long-term rental inventory on a secondary basis; (4) The spatial distribution of the pre-existing vacation rental market determines Airbnb’s distribution.

RESUMO O Airbnb é uma plataforma de aluguel mediado digitalmente. Sua presença nas cidades gera impactos econômicos, sociais e no espaço urbano. Investigar a distribuição espacial dos anúncios do Airbnb é um caminho para compreensão da sua presença e combate às externalidades. Pouco foi descrito sobre a distribuição espacial do Airbnb nas cidades latino-americanos. O objetivo principal é verificar se há relação entre a localização do mercado Airbnb e os mercados de aluguel. Através de levantamento de dados demográficos e do site Airbnb, são identificadas as regiões de predominância dos usos Airbnb e as de mercado de aluguel. Concluiu-se: (1) o Airbnb predomina em cidades turísticas de lazer; (2) as atividades turísticas são determinantes para a localização do Airbnb; (3) o Airbnb utiliza o estoque de aluguel de longa duração de forma secundária; (4) a distribuição espacial do Airbnb é determinada pela distribuição do mercado de alugueis de curta duração.

ABSTRACT Promoting inclusive and effective governance in regional estuaries offers an encompassing challenge within the scope of Policy analysis and its interactions within socioecological research. The integrated approach for both theoretical elements has not easily been improved, despite the increase in analytical frameworks in this theme. The Paranaguá Bay Zone (PBZ) in the state of Paraná, Brazil, is composed of a few cities, several large, protected areas, and traditional communities. On the one hand, the intensification of real estate pressures in a low demographic region is creating a wave of value conversion regarding the trends of the coastal gentrification phenomenon, notwithstanding the lower degree of intensity when compared to other Brazilian estuaries. On the other hand, it shows a lack of political representation and institutional action at the subnational level. This asymmetrical process is strongly related to historical land development and the controversial process of implementing protected areas and zoning tools. Promoting the economic rise of the territory has affected traditional communities and conservation management, requiring permanent improvement in the ability for community mobilization and juridical vigilance in the face of impacts related to such pressure. In the meantime, scholars have considered knowledge building, which brings up assessment issues on how the decision-making process has been operated and what gaps and asymmetries can be revealed for further resilience analyses. This study is an effort to approach the performance of participative governance of the estuary and is restricted to a preliminary assessment of the participative management committees designed by legislation under area-based attributions. This study is not aimed at exploring the belief systems of different social groups/stakeholders. Results have a great emphasis on methodological building and testing, which revealed the importance of imposing an inventory and hierarchy model on the multiple committees of governance and their sectorization across adjacent areas. Results also underline variables of interest and pilot indicators in the subject under analysis. Preliminary results point to the need for overcoming methodological challenges, and findings that are useful as first evidence in the comprehension of the low performance by different committees, which often operate without any regular, systematic, integrated, transparent, legitimate, and permanent agenda of Policy activities for the PBZ fisheries territory. Qualitative data and institutional memoirs should be available and categorized in government programs, whereas research efforts that look to better recognize the idiosyncrasies of community realities under the pressures of non-transparent economic drivers are much needed. improved theme (PBZ Paraná Brazil cities large hand phenomenon level tools pressure meantime decisionmaking decision making analyses areabased area based attributions groupsstakeholders groups stakeholders groups/stakeholders testing challenges regular systematic transparent legitimate programs nontransparent non needed

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar los espacios de servicio de las viviendas en altura en la ciudad de São Paulo, más específicamente las áreas de servicio o lavaderos y las dependencias en los proyectos publicados en la revista Acrópole (1938-1971). A través de piezas gráficas, fotografías y textos presentados en los artículos, se verifica cómo se organizan aquellos espacios. A partir de esto, se busca comprender cómo ciertos principios de la domesticidad moderna desempeñaron un papel significativo en las orientaciones materiales y espaciales, y aproximarse a la visión de los profesionales de la arquitectura y del mercado inmobiliario sobre las actividades del trabajo doméstico y las relaciones serviles e interseccionales.

RESUMO O artigo tem por objetivo examinar os espaços de serviços das habitações verticalizadas da cidade de São Paulo, mais especificamente a área de serviço ou lavanderia e as dependências para empregados nos projetos de edifícios paulistanos publicados na revista Acrópole (1938-1971). Com base nas peças gráficas, fotografias e textos apresentados nas matérias, verifica-se como se dá a organização daqueles compartimentos. A partir disso, busca-se entender como certos predicados da domesticidade moderna assumem um papel significativo na orientação dos arranjos materiais e espaciais, e aproximar a visão dos profissionais da arquitetura e do mercado imobiliário acerca das atividades de trabalho doméstico e das relações servis e interseccionais.

ABSTRACT The article aims to examine the service spaces of vertical housing in the city of São Paulo, more specifically the service area or laundry room and the maid’s rooms in the projectspublished in Acrópole magazine (1938-1971). The way in which these compartments are organized is studied through the graphic pieces, photographs and texts presented in the articles. From there on, the research seeks to understand how certain predicates of modern domesticity assume a significant role in guiding material and spatial arrangements, and to grasp the vision of architectural professionals and of the real estate market about housework activities and the servile and intersectional relations.

ABSTRACT The occupation of peri-urban areas in the eight largest Amazonian cities is studied, along with its impact on forest conservation, in order to identify conditions associated with greater or lesser loss of peri-urban forests. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of demographic and spatial indicators is conducted, as well as a spatial analysis of recent urban growth over forested areas. Furthermore, challenges for the conservation of peri-urban forests are discussed based on key territorial dynamics and existing mechanisms for territorial planning and management. It is identified that the greater pressure from urban growth on peri-urban forests is mainly linked to migratory processes and regional economic dynamics related to mining and tourism activities. Likewise, the trend towards reduced population and housing density in new expansion areas, along with an increase in the real estate supply for secondary residences, poses a threat to sustainability. Peri-urban roads concentrate deforestation areas and future urban expansion, highlighting the need to enhance mechanisms for environmental impact assessment of road infrastructure and focus efforts on sustainable land management measures in these zones.

RESUMEN Se estudia la ocupación de las zonas periurbanas de las ocho ciudades amazónicas de mayor tamaño y su afectación a la conservación de bosques con el fin de identificar las condiciones que se relacionan con una mayor o menor pérdida de bosques periurbanos. Para ello, se realiza el análisis comparativo de indicadores demográficos y espaciales, así como el análisis espacial del crecimiento urbano reciente sobre zonas forestales. Además, se discuten los desafíos para la conservación de bosques periurbanos a partir de las principales dinámicas territoriales y los mecanismos existentes para la planificación y gestión del territorio. Se identifica que la mayor presión del crecimiento de las ciudades sobre los bosques periurbanos se relaciona principalmente a procesos migratorios y dinámicas económicas regionales ligadas a actividades de minería y turismo. Asimismo, la tendencia a la reducción de la densidad de población y vivienda en las nuevas zonas de expansión y el incremento de la oferta inmobiliaria de residencia secundaria resultan en una amenaza para la sostenibilidad. Las carreteras periurbanas concentran las áreas de deforestación y futura expansión urbana, por lo que es necesario mejorar los mecanismos de evaluación de impacto ambiental de la infraestructura vial y concentrar los esfuerzos en medidas de gestión sostenible del territorio en estas zonas.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore the spatial-temporal depth of a sector of the Güemes neighborhood (Córdoba) where a new real estate project is currently under construction, in an area that was populated until the end of the 1990s by villa El Pocito, and until the mid-1940s by the La Cañada stream. Around this place where new constructions, ruins and absences coexist, we ask ourselves what memories and temporalities emerge among the different materialities and absences that cross this place, what do they tell us about those who gave life to this space in the past through their relationships and activities, and what do they reveal about the present? From a perspective that connects ethnography and archaeology, I will use the material collected and produced in a collective project on the history and transformations in this neighborhood, which included the collection and classification of current and old photographs; the consultation of local oral archives; the realization of photographic tours through the sector and interviews with neighbors.

Resumen El trabajo se propone explorar la profundidad espacio-temporal de un sector de barrio Güemes (Córdoba) donde actualmente se construye un nuevo proyecto inmobiliario, en un predio que fue poblado hasta finales de los ‘90 por villa El Pocito, y hasta mediados de la década del ‘40 por el arroyo La Cañada. En torno a este lugar donde conviven nuevas construcciones, ruinas y ausencias nos preguntamos ¿qué memorias y temporalidades emergen entre las diferentes materialidades y ausencias que atraviesan este lugar?, ¿qué nos cuentan ellas sobre quienes daban vida a este espacio en el pasado a través de sus relaciones y actividades?, ¿y qué revelan sobre el presente? Desde una perspectiva que enlaza la etnografía y la arqueología, recurro al material recolectado y producido en un proyecto colectivo sobre la historia y las transformaciones en este barrio, que incluyó la recolección y clasificación de fotografías actuales y antiguas; la consulta de archivos orales locales; la realización de recorridos fotográficos por el sector y de entrevistas a vecinos y vecinas.

Abstract: Studies on extractivism have focused their attention on rural spaces, analyzing the specific sites where the extraction of primary goods takes place and establishing an exclusive association between extractive activities and rurality. Likewise, in the formulations around urban extractivism, cities emerge without other articulations with rural extractivism, while it would be, strictly speaking, a real estate extractivism. Faced with this state of the matter, the article constitutes a theoretical contribution in which we carry out a critical approach to the concept of extractivism, investigating the logics under which accumulation and territory are linked in Latin American cities. To do this, we build a perspective that seeks to go beyond the rural-urban dichotomy that responds to the binary logic that marks modern/colonial science and, simultaneously, seeks to go beyond the centrality of the real estate market in the explanation of these urbanization processes where extractivism, capitalism and coloniality are inseparable. As a result, extractivism emerges as the hegemonic territorial ordering of capital where the rural-city binomial is diluted in a territory-network vertically integrated into production chains on a global scale and intervenes in the social production of cities, making the coloniality of its territory.

Resumen: Los estudios sobre el extractivismo han centrado su atención en espacios rurales, analizando los sitios específicos donde tiene lugar la extracción de bienes primarios y estableciendo una asociación exclusiva entre actividades extractivas y ruralidad. Asimismo, en las formulaciones en torno al extractivismo urbano, las ciudades emergen sin demás articulaciones con el extractivismo rural, al tiempo que se trataría, en rigor, de un extractivismo inmobiliario. Ante este estado de la cuestión, el artículo constituye una contribución teórica con la cual abordamos críticamente el concepto de extractivismo, indagando las lógicas bajo las cuales enlaza acumulación y territorio en las ciudades latinoamericanas. Para ello, construimos una perspectiva que busca ir más allá de la dicotomía rural-urbana que responde a la lógica binaria que marca a la ciencia moderna/colonial y que, simultáneamente, procura ir más allá de la centralidad del mercado inmobiliario en la explicación de estos procesos de urbanización donde extractivismo, capitalismo y colonialidad resultan indisociables. Como resultado, el extractivismo emerge como ordenamiento territorial hegemónico del capital donde el binomio campo-ciudad se diluye en un territorio-red verticalmente integrado a cadenas productivas de escala mundial e interviene en la producción social de las ciudades haciendo a la colonialidad de su territorio.

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, o papel dos governos locais foi reformulado: maiores responsabilidades e menos recursos determinaram a intensificação da competição interurbana pela atração de investimentos. Essa lacuna é mais perceptível nas cidades do sul global. As cidades intermediárias, especialmente aquelas com perfil turístico, viram parcelas limitadas, mas relevantes, de seu território incorporadas aos fluxos globais de investimentos em atividades relacionadas ao desenvolvimento imobiliário, turismo e serviços. Nesse quadro, aprofundam-se as tensões inerentes ao processo de planejamento urbano e evidenciam-se as limitações dos governos locais para regular efetivamente as dinâmicas urbanas e habitacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a política de planejamento em San Carlos de Bariloche vis-à-vis o crescimento urbano no período pós-crise de 2001. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa, baseada em análise documental e estatística. Conclui-se que no período estudado vigorava uma política de planejamento urbano por setores e exceções, que tendia a aprofundar a fragmentação do território. O trabalho contribui para a compreensão do papel dos governos locais em cidades intermediárias com perfil turístico na regulação do crescimento urbano. décadas reformulado global limitadas relevantes imobiliário serviços quadro aprofundamse aprofundam se evidenciamse evidenciam habitacionais visàvis vis à póscrise pós crise 2001 qualitativa estatística Concluise Conclui exceções 200 20 2

Abstract In recent decades, the role of local governments has been reformulated: greater responsibilities and fewer resources determined the intensification of inter-urban competition for attracting investment. This gap is more noticeable in cities of the global south. Intermediate cities, especially those with a tourist profile, saw limited but relevant portions of their territory incorporated into global investment flows in activities related to real estate development, tourism and services. In this framework, the tensions inherent in the urban planning process deepen and the limitations of local governments to effectively regulate urban and housing dynamics become evident. The objective of this work is to analyze the planning policy in San Carlos de Bariloche vis-à-vis urban growth in the post-crisis period of 2001. The methodology used is qualitative, based on documentary analysis and statistics. It is concluded that in the study period an urban planning policy by sectors and exceptions was in force, which tended to deepen the fragmentation of the territory. The work makes a contribution to the understanding of the role of local governments in intermediate cities with a tourist profile in the regulation of urban growth. decades reformulated interurban inter south development services framework evident visàvis vis à postcrisis post crisis 2001 qualitative statistics force 200 20 2

Resumen En las últimas décadas se reformuló el rol de los gobiernos locales: mayores responsabilidades y menores recursos determinaron el recrudecimiento de la competencia interurbana por la captación de inversiones. Este desfasaje es más notorio en ciudades del sur global. Las ciudades intermedias, en especial de perfil turístico, vieron incorporarse porciones acotadas pero relevantes de su territorio a los flujos de inversión global en actividades vinculadas al desarrollo inmobiliario, el turismo y los servicios. En este marco, las tensiones inherentes al proceso de planeamiento urbano se profundizan y quedan en evidencia las limitaciones de los gobiernos locales para regular eficazmente la dinámica urbana y habitacional. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la política de planeamiento en San Carlos de Bariloche vis a vis el crecimiento urbano en el período de la poscrisis de 2001. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa, basada en el análisis documental y estadísticas. Se concluye que en el período de estudio tuvo vigencia una política de planeamiento urbano por sectores y excepciones, que tendió a profundizar la fragmentación del territorio. El trabajo realiza una contribución a la comprensión del rol de los gobiernos locales de ciudades intermedias de perfil turístico en la regulación del crecimiento urbano. inversiones inmobiliario servicios marco habitacional 2001 cualitativa estadísticas excepciones 200 20 2

Abstract The Revitaliztion Program, established by Municipal Law Nº 9.215/2017, provide tax benefits on houses and activities to those who are willing to carry out different forms of interventions in the Area of Cultural and Landscape Protection (APCP) of the Old Center of Salvador. In parallel, it is understood that The Statute of the City fixed the instruments of urban policy that, if well applied, can reduce the inequalities related to housing and idleness of real estate. From the review on the concept of re-functionalization and the evaluation of the urban instruments of the Old Center, It was sought to evaluate the impacts of the relationship between the properties deferred by Revitalizar and the production of urban space in the traditional center of Salvador. The main findings were: There was no consolidation of a public policy that sought to reduce inequalities through actions to preserve urban heritage and tax incentives did not meet a social aspect that has broken with the trajectory of accumulation of wealth that has been strengthening the national and foreign capitalist classes through taxation. Program 92152017 9 215 2017 9.215/2017 APCP (APCP Salvador parallel applied estate refunctionalization re functionalization were taxation 9215201 21 201 9.215/201 921520 2 20 9.215/20 92152 9.215/2 9215 9.215/ 921 9.215 92 9.21 9.2 9.

Resumo O Programa Revitalizar, instituído pela Lei Municipal nº 9.215/2017, concede benefícios fiscais sobre imóveis e atividades àqueles que se dispuserem a realizar distintas formas de intervenções na Área de Proteção Cultural e Paisagística (APCP) do Centro Antigo de Salvador (CAS). Em paralelo, entende-se que o Estatuto da Cidade consolidou os instrumentos de política urbana que, se bem aplicados, podem ser redutores das desigualdades relacionadas à moradia e à ociosidade dos imóveis. A partir da revisão sobre o conceito de refuncionalização e da avaliação dos instrumentos urbanísticos do Centro Antigo, buscou-se avaliar os impactos da relação entre os imóveis deferidos pelo Revitalizar e a produção do espaço urbano no centro tradicional soteropolitano. Os principais resultados encontrados foram: não houve a consolidação de uma política pública capaz reduzir as desigualdades mediante ações de preservação do patrimônio urbano e os incentivos fiscais que, sobretudo, não atenderam às camadas populares dessa sociedade urbana, ou seja, não houve rompimento com a trajetória de acumulação de riquezas que vêm fortalecendo as classes capitalistas nacionais e estrangeiras através da tributação. 92152017 9 215 2017 9.215/2017 APCP (APCP CAS. CAS . (CAS) paralelo entendese entende aplicados buscouse buscou soteropolitano foram sobretudo seja tributação 9215201 21 201 9.215/201 (CAS 921520 2 20 9.215/20 92152 9.215/2 9215 9.215/ 921 9.215 92 9.21 9.2 9.

ABSTRACT This article presents an analysis of the urbanization vector of Pari - a neighborhood located in the East Zone of the city of São Paulo - at the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, based on the elaboration of a Geographic Information System (GIS), based on the spatialization of data found in real estate transcription books (property purchase and sale records), between 1890 and 1900. Composed basically of farms and vacant land, the locality experienced, at that time, the beginning of its urbanization, due to the transformations that affected the city as a whole, motivated by the development of the coffee economy, the end of slavery, mass immigration and the beginning of its industrialization. In a short period of time, the capital of São Paulo expanded in size, number of people, buildings and functions. In this scenario, the rural and floodplain areas around the city center became the focus of occupation, including Pari. Cut by the railway that connected the city of Santos to Jundiaí in 1867, the neighborhood was gradually cut by a series of streets, occupied by industries, activities, services and residents of different social classes, boosting the real estate market. Understanding aspects of the process of appropriation and production of the spaces of this locality, and the different social groups involved, helps us to understand the nature of the urbanization process of São Paulo as a whole, its specificities and the relationship with other regions of the city. th century GIS, GIS , (GIS) property records, records records) 189 1900 land experienced time whole economy slavery industrialization size people functions scenario occupation 1867 streets industries activities classes market involved (GIS 18 190 186 1 19

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta uma análise sobre o vetor de urbanização do Pari - bairro localizado na Zona Leste da cidade de São Paulo - na virada do século XIX para o XX, a partir da elaboração de um sistema de informação geográfica (SIG), com base na espacialização dos dados encontrados em livros de transcrição de imóveis (registros de compra e venda de propriedades), entre 1890 e 1900. Composta basicamente por chácaras e terras devolutas, a localidade viveu, naquele momento, o início da sua urbanização, em razão das transformações que atingiam a cidade como todo, motivadas pelo desenvolvimento da economia cafeeira, pelo fim da escravidão, pela imigração em massa e início da sua industrialização. Em um curto espaço de tempo, a capital paulista se expandiu em tamanho, número de pessoas, edifícios e funções. Nesse cenário, as áreas rurais e de várzea ao redor do centro da cidade passaram a ser foco de ocupação, entre elas o Pari. Cortado pela estrada de ferro que ligava a cidade de Santos à de Jundiaí, em 1867, o bairro foi sendo, paulatinamente, retalhado por uma série de ruas, ocupado por indústrias, atividades, serviços e moradores de diferentes classes sociais, impulsionando o mercado de imóveis. Compreender aspectos do processo de apropriação e produção dos espaços dessa localidade, assim como os diferentes grupos sociais envolvidos, auxilia-nos a entender a natureza do processo de urbanização de São Paulo como um todo, suas especificidades e a relação com outras regiões da cidade. XX SIG, SIG , (SIG) registros propriedades, propriedades propriedades) 189 1900 devolutas viveu momento todo cafeeira escravidão industrialização tempo tamanho pessoas funções cenário ocupação Jundiaí 1867 sendo paulatinamente ruas indústrias atividades envolvidos auxilianos auxilia nos (SIG 18 190 186 1 19

Resumen La gentrificación no es un fenómeno exclusivamente urbano, sino también se presenta en ámbitos rurales. En la localidad rural de El Triunfo, Baja California Sur, México, el proceso de remodelación de los edificios antiguos del lugar, el crecimiento de actividades inmobiliarias, comerciales y culturales expresan un proceso inicial de gentrificación. Dicha dinámica sugiere elementos iniciales de transformación del espacio y de las relaciones sociales que coinciden con el elemento más destacable de la gentrificación, aunque no directo e inmediato: el desplazamiento de un grupo social por otro.

Abstract Gentrification is not an exclusively urban phenomenon but occurs in rural settings as well. In the rural town of El Triunfo, Baja California Sur, Mexico, the remodeling process of old buildings, the growth of real estate and of commercial and cultural activities indicate an initial process of gentrification. This dynamic suggests incipient elements of transformation of space and social relations that coincide with the most notable -though not direct and immediate- element of gentrification: the displacement of one social group by another.

Abstract: Santiago de Chile has experienced processes of urban expansion characterized by the proliferation of closed residential spaces in its metropolitan periphery. These mega real estate projects encompass large areas of land and urban-scale facilities, a new housing typology that aspires to be a city in itself. Despite the abundant literature in Latin America, in Chile there is little research that explores —from the voice of its own inhabitants— the relationship between this peri-urban residential product and the ways of living of its residents. Through an ethnographic approach based on participant observation sessions and semi-structured interviews, four dimensions are evidenced in which a group of residents has seen their ways of living transformed after arriving in a closed residential space on the metropolitan periphery of Santiago: 1) daily mobility; 2) sociability; 3) daily activities and access to services; 4) neighborhood coexistence and structuring of living. The classic visions of fear of crime and social distinction as engines of residential enclosure are stressed and it is concluded around the growing weight that real estate holdings acquire in the configuration of the peripheries and their modeling effects on the ways of inhabiting contemporary metropolises.

Resumen: Santiago de Chile ha experimentado procesos de expansión urbana caracterizados por la proliferación de espacios residenciales cerrados en su periferia metropolitana. Estos megaproyectos inmobiliarios abarcan grandes superficies de terreno y equipamientos de escala urbana, una nueva tipología habitacional que aspira ser una ciudad en sí misma. Pese a la abundante literatura en Latinoamérica, en Chile son escasas las investigaciones que exploran —desde la voz de sus propios habitantes— la relación entre este producto residencial periurbano y los modos de habitar de sus residentes. Mediante un abordaje etnográfico basado en jornadas de observación participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas, se evidencian cuatro dimensiones en las que un grupo de residentes ha visto transformados sus modos de habitar tras la llegada a un espacio residencial cerrado en la periferia metropolitana de Santiago: 1) movilidad cotidiana; 2) sociabilidad; 3) actividades cotidianas y acceso a servicios; 4) convivencia vecinal y estructuración del habitar. Se tensionan las visiones clásicas del miedo al crimen y la distinción social como motores del cerramiento residencial y se concluye en torno al creciente peso que adquieren los holdings inmobiliarios en la configuración de las periferias y sus efectos modeladores sobre los modos de habitar las metrópolis contemporáneas.

Abstract: Based on documentary findings traced in the Provincial Archive of the city of Tocopilla and in the archive of the Ministry of National Assets, we provide antecedents and some explanatory proposals regarding the heterogeneity and internal transformations of Chinese migration in this city. Although this group was the object of discrimination and racism, especially related to its presence and activities in marginal and criminal spaces of the city, the documents analyzed show the existence of close networks with different social segments, which led to the elitization of a highly visible piece of the Chinese world. This process of elitization was concentrated in a group of "big men" -especially from the 1930s on- and saw its consolidation in the following decades, as evidenced by the relevant participation of this community in the transmission and sale of real estate towards the end. from the first half of the 20th century.

Resumen: A partir de hallazgos documentales rastreados en el Archivo Provincial de la ciudad de Tocopilla y en el archivo del Ministerio de Bienes Nacionales, entregamos antecedentes y algunas propuestas para explicar la heterogeneidad y transformaciones internas de la migración china en esta ciudad. Si bien dicho colectivo fue objeto de discriminación y racismo, en especial relacionado con su presencia y actividades en espacios marginales y delictuales de la ciudad, los documentos analizados dan cuenta de la existencia de estrechas redes con diferentes segmentos sociales, que derivaron en la elitización de un fragmento muy visible del mundo chino. Este proceso de elitización estuvo concentrado en un grupo de “grandes hombres” -en especial a partir de los años 30- y vio su consolidación en las décadas siguientes, como lo demuestra la relevante participación de esta comunidad en la transmisión y compraventa inmobiliaria hacia fines de la primera mitad del siglo XX.

Resumo A borda atlântica da Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS), Bahia, sofreu e vem sofrendo grandes transformações, sobretudo nas últimas décadas, reflexo das atividades imobiliárias e turísticas que estão em crescente ascensão e são os principais fomentadores desta área. Nesse contexto, o objetivo central da pesquisa foi analisar como ocorreu o processo de produção do espaço neste litoral, mediante o turismo, e sobre quais foram os principais elementos que influenciaram essa produção, utilizando como estudo de caso o município de Mata de São João. Em relação aos aspectos conceituais e metodológicos, o trabalho fundamenta-se nos conceitos de espaço e turismo, e foi desenvolvido em uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio dos métodos de procedimentos monográfico-descritivo e histórico, bem como análises através de observação direta in loco. Os resultados evidenciaram que as áreas urbanas isoladas, Praia do Forte, Imbassaí e Sauípe foram as mais afetadas pelas atividades turísticas e, consequentemente, sofreram profundas mudanças sócio-espaciais. Isto ocorreu, principalmente, por causa da construção da BA-099, além de outras infraestruturas criadas pelo Estado.

Abstract The Atlantic coast of the Salvador Metropolitan Region (RMS), Bahia, has undergone, and still is undergoing, major transformations, especially in recent decades, reflecting the growing of real estate and tourism activities that are the main promoters of this area. Given the background, the main objective of this study was to analyze how the process of space production occurred on this coast, through tourism, and what were the main elements that influenced this production, using as a case study the municipality of Mata de São João. Regarding the conceptual and methodological aspects, the work is based on the concepts of space and tourism, and was developed in a qualitative approach, through the methods of monographic-descriptive and historical procedures, as well as in situ observation. The results showed that isolated urban areas, Praia do Forte, Imbassaí, and Sauípe were the most affected by tourist activities and, consequently, underwent profound socio-spatial changes. This was mainly due to the construction of the BA-099 highway, as well as other state-built infrastructure.

Resumen La frontera atlántica de la Región Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS), Bahía, ha sufrido y ha sufrido grandes transformaciones, especialmente en las últimas décadas, reflejando las crecientes actividades inmobiliarias y turísticas que son los principales promotores de esta área. En este contexto, el objetivo principal de la investigación fue analizar cómo se produjo el proceso de producción espacial en esta costa, a través del turismo, y cuáles fueron los principales elementos que influyeron en esta producción, utilizando como caso de estudio el municipio de Mata de São João. En cuanto a los aspectos conceptuales y metodológicos, el trabajo se basa en los conceptos de espacio y turismo, y se desarrolló en un enfoque cualitativo, a través de los métodos de procedimientos monográficos descriptivos e históricos, así como el análisis a través de la observación directa in loco. Los resultados mostraron que las áreas urbanas aisladas, Praia do Forte, Imbassaí y Sauípe fueron las más afectadas por las actividades turísticas y, en consecuencia, sufrieron profundos cambios socio-espaciales. Esto se debió principalmente a la construcción de BA-099, así como a otra infraestructura creada por el estado.

ABSTRACT The research was based on the problematic situation of abandonment in which most historical monuments are located real estate. It is a non-experimental - transversal research, taking a population of 40 owners, taking to awareness, conservation and value as dependent variables. The data of the variables in their different dimensions are obtained through techniques such as the survey, according to results we can say that the owners consulted recognize and value their importance, however, the economic factor limits their actions, indicating that they have few resources and indicate that they have never had the technical support of the Ministry of Culture. This research proposes the implementation of effective management strategies to increase collaboration and dissemination in the short term, being necessary to articulate the strategic guidelines with an awareness plan following activities such as: designing the path of action of the awareness plan, determine actions for the awareness strategy, identify actions for the training / education plan, determine the skills by measuring the degree of knowledge acquired, stipulate actions for Effective communication workshops, set actions for real estate rescue programs, indicate actions to support property owners.

RESUMEN La investigación se basó en la situación problemática del abandono en que se encuentran la mayoría los monumentos históricos inmuebles. Es una investigación no experimental - transversal, tomando una población de 40 propietarios, teniendo a la concientización, a la conservación y puesta en valor como variables dependientes. Los datos de las variables en sus diferentes dimensiones se obtienen a través de técnicas como la encuesta, según resultados podemos decir que los propietarios consultados reconocen y valoran su importancia, sin embargo, el factor económico limita su accionar, indicando que cuentan con pocos recursos e indican que nunca han contado con el apoyo técnico del ministerio de cultura. Esta investigación plantea la puesta en marcha de estrategias de gestión efectivas para aumentar la colaboración y difusión en un corto plazo, siendo necesario articular los lineamientos estratégicos con un plan de concientización siguiendo actividades como: diseñar la ruta de acción del plan de concientización, determinar acciones de estrategia para sensibilización, identificar acciones para plan de capacitación / educación, determinar habilidades midiendo el grado de conocimiento adquirido, estipular acciones para talleres de comunicación efectiva, fijar acciones para programas de rescate del patrimonio inmueble, señalar acciones para el apoyo a los propietarios de inmuebles patrimoniales.

Abstract On a global scale, tourist mobilities have increased exponentially since World War II. The Caribbean region is one of the most attractive spaces. The Yucatan Peninsula is a laboratory to study the tourist phenomenon. Whilst for about a decade the tourist phenomenon was previously concentrated on the coast, the inland areas have become touristified, as shown in the case of the Mainland Caribbean and particularly for the Yucatan Peninsula, which is clearly marked by an accelerated tourism. In terms of intensity, tourist activity shows its highest levels long the coast of Quintana Roo, tends to decrease towards the west and south, and registers its lowest values in Campeche, southern Yucatan and southern (inland) Quintana Roo. This regionalization proposal allows us to explain glimpse these differences in greater detail. Thus, the Cancun-Riviera Maya traspaís is a region that reveals a production model showing the differentiated space of the Caribbean coast. Starting from a critical review of the production of space in the Cancun region -the Riviera Maya and its interior hinterland- this article argues for the existence of two opposing models, and reveals specific nuances between them. Cancun and the Riviera Maya, located in the Mexican Caribbean, concentrate the largest tourist region in Latin America, developed over the last fifty years. With Cancun as the “integrally planned” center, the tourism market spreads across the territory giving rise to a new region defined by this activity. This is the case of the hinterland region of Cancun-Riviera Maya, which for the last fifteen years has known a great tourist effervescence; in many Mayan towns in this region, local societies have chosen tourism as a complementary or main economic activity. The territorial structure model in the Mexican Caribbean has the following characteristics: a) occupying a large space, usually in a linear manner, and linked to a real estate business that is developed as the central axis for capital accumulation, that becomes even more important than the tourism; b) the privatization of resources destined for tourism, and specifically, the beaches; and c) a complete functional and social segregation of space. The incorporation of the hinterland, however, modifies the dominant paradigm for the production of touristic spaces in the region: while the coastal model relies on the privatization of spaces that were previously public, in the hinterland, the companies involved in the collective production of tourism transform privately owned spaces into public ones. The rural communities of predominantly Mayan origin in the Cancun-Riviera Maya region, enter into the tourist activity claiming authenticity as an argument for the tourism. In a similar manner, tourism activities coexist alongside the local population, in their everyday and residential spaces. The development of this model across the territory is not linked to real estate and therefore the use of space is precise and opportune. Without denying the existence of nuances between these two antithetical conceptions, the case of the Cancun-Riviera Maya transfer presents the ways in which the indigenous population is inserting itself into tourism, by means of a concept that integrates it into their daily life and activities and that allows for an intercultural coexistence that can be beneficial for both groups of actors.

Resumen A partir de la reflexión acerca de la producción del espacio en la región de Cancún-Riviera Maya y su traspaís, este trabajo plantea la existencia de dos modelos contrapuestos, así como matices intermedios presentes en el lugar. Cancún y la Riviera Maya en el Caribe mexicano constituyen la región más turística de América Latina, la cual fue construida en el transcurso de los últimos cincuenta años. Desde Cancún, centro “integralmente planeado”, se expande en el territorio la oferta turística, que da origen a una nueva región definida por esta actividad. El modelo de estructura territorial del Caribe mexicano tiene las siguientes características: a) gran consumo de espacio, generalmente lineal, vinculado al negocio inmobiliario como eje dominante de la acumulación, incluso ante la propia actividad turística; b) privatización de los recursos ofertados al turismo, en particular, de las playas, y c) una absoluta segregación funcional y social del espacio. La incorporación del traspaís en la oferta turística modifica el paradigma que domina la producción de los espacios turísticos en la región: mientras que en el modelo del litoral se privatizan los espacios antes públicos, en las empresas de producción social se convierten en públicos los espacios privados; de igual manera, la actividad turística coexiste con la población local en su ámbito residencial y su vida cotidiana. La expansión en el territorio, por su parte, no se vincula con la especulación inmobiliaria y, por ende, el consumo de espacio es puntual.