Resumo A mobilidade acadêmica é um tema amplamente estudado em diferentes áreas. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a literatura sobre a mobilidade acadêmica internacional (MAI), nas modalidades inbound e outbound, identificando redes de colaboração de pesquisa, autores e periódicos mais influentes, bem como grupos de interesse retratados e estudantes, destacando tópicos e abordagens teóricas. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura bibliométrica e integrativa, no período de 2005 a 2022, na base de dados acadêmica Web of Science (WoS), resultando na análise bibliométrica de 851 artigos e na revisão integrativa dos 42 artigos mais citados entre os autores destacados. Como resultados, foram mostradas relações entre publicações, autores e temas, com destaque para alguns autores centrais e periódicos que têm sido, simultaneamente, produtivos e relevantes. Com a revisão integrativa, foram identificados os principais tópicos ‒ motivações e resultados da MAI, mercado de trabalho e carreira, aspectos socioeconômicos, políticas educacionais dos países e gestão de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), desigualdades na MAI, circulação de cérebros e impacto da COVID-19 ‒, as teorias mais usadas ‒ capital humano, capital social, escolha racional, motivações push-pull, educação e treinamento vocacional, tipos de mobilidade internacional ‒ e os grupos de interesse retratados nas publicações ‒ estudantes, graduados, docentes, pesquisadores, instituições de ensino superior e governos dos países. Sugerem-se estudos que integrem sujeitos e entidades participantes do processo, com foco em políticas educacionais e sociais, tendo soluções para diminuição das desigualdades e permitindo acompanhar as mudanças de contexto político, econômico e social. áreas MAI , (MAI) outbound pesquisa influentes estudantes teóricas 200 2022 WoS, WoS (WoS) 85 4 destacados temas sido simultaneamente relevantes carreira socioeconômicos IES, IES (IES) COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 humano social racional pushpull, pushpull push pull, pull push-pull vocacional graduados docentes pesquisadores Sugeremse Sugerem se processo sociais político (MAI 20 202 (WoS 8 (IES COVID1 1 COVID- 2

Resumen La movilidad académica es un tema ampliamente estudiado en diferentes campos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la literatura sobre Movilidad Académica Internacional (MAI), tanto entrante como saliente, identificando las redes de colaboración en investigación, los autores y revistas más influyentes, así como los grupos de interés retratados y los estudiantes, destacando temas y enfoques teóricos. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica bibliométrica e integradora, desde 2005 hasta 2022, en la base de datos académica Web of Science (WoS), que resultó en el análisis bibliométrico de 851 artículos y en la revisión integradora de los 42 artículos más citados entre los autores destacados. Los resultados mostraron relaciones entre publicaciones, autores y temas, destacando algunos autores y revistas centrales que han sido productivos y relevantes. Con la revisión integradora, se identificaron los principales temas ‒ motivaciones y resultados de la MAI, mercado de trabajo y carrera profesional, aspectos socioeconómicos, políticas educativas de los países y gestión de las instituciones de enseñanza superior, desigualdades en la MAI, circulación de cerebros e impacto de la COVID-19 ‒, las teorías más utilizadas ‒ capital humano, capital social, elección racional, motivaciones push-pull, educación y formación profesional, tipos de movilidad internacional ‒ y los grupos de interés retratados en las publicaciones ‒ estudiantes, graduados, profesores, investigadores, instituciones de enseñanza superior y gobiernos de los países ‒. Se proponen estudios que integren a los sujetos y organizaciones participantes en el proceso, con especial atención a las políticas educativas y sociales, que busquen soluciones para reducir las desigualdades y permitan hacer un seguimiento de los cambios en el contexto político, económico y social. campos MAI , (MAI) saliente investigación influyentes estudiantes teóricos 200 2022 WoS, WoS (WoS) 85 4 destacados relevantes profesional socioeconómicos COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 humano social racional pushpull, pushpull push pull, pull push-pull graduados profesores investigadores proceso sociales político (MAI 20 202 (WoS 8 COVID1 1 COVID- 2

Abstract Academic mobility is a widely studied topic in different fields. The aim of this article is to analyse the literature on International Academic Mobility (IAM), both inbound and outbound, identifying research collaboration networks, the most influential authors and journals, as well as the interest groups portrayed and students, highlighting topics and theoretical approaches. A bibliometric and integrative literature review was carried out from 2005 to 2022 on the Web of Science (WoS) academic database, resulting in a bibliometric analysis of 851 articles and an integrative review of the 42 most cited articles among the authors highlighted. The results showed relationships between publications, authors, and themes, highlighting some central authors and journals that have been both productive and relevant. With the integrative review, the main topics were identified ‒ motivations and outcomes of the MAI, labour market and career, socio-economic aspects, educational policies of the countries and management of higher education institutions (HEIs), inequalities in the MAI, brain circulation and the impact of COVID-19 ‒, the most used theories ‒ human capital, social capital, rational choice, push-pull motivations, vocational education and training, types of international mobility ‒ and the interest groups portrayed in the publications ‒ students, graduates, teachers, researchers, higher education institutions and governments of the countries. Studies are suggested that integrate subjects and organisations participating in the process, with a focus on educational and social policies, finding solutions to reduce inequalities and enabling changes in the political, economic, and social context to be monitored. fields IAM, IAM , (IAM) outbound networks students approaches 200 202 WoS (WoS database 85 4 highlighted themes relevant MAI career socioeconomic socio economic aspects HEIs, HEIs (HEIs) COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 capital choice pushpull push pull training graduates teachers researchers process political monitored (IAM 20 8 (HEIs COVID1 1 COVID- 2

Résumé Cet article étudie l’évolution des attitudes des élites politiques depuis l’époque carolingienne jusqu’à l’émergence des communautés urbaines (XIIe siècle) dans la lutte contre la faim et les disettes, surtout dans les Pays-Bas du Sud. Le texte fait le bilan de l’action des Carolingiens, sur les plans économiques, spirituels et religieux, qui n’est pas le résultat de l’addition de deux logiques disjointes, une portée par les élites religieuses, l’autre par les acteurs pragmatiques laïcs : ces deux leviers sont mobilisés de manière simultanée par les mêmes individus. Cette juxtaposition s’observe vraisemblablement chez les paysans. L’article étudie ensuite le glissement vers les princes territoriaux de la gestion des réactions à la faim à l’époque post-carolingienne et ottonienne (Xe-XIe siècles). À l’aide d’un témoignage du début du XIIe siècle, l’article envisage ensuite comment les communautés urbaines commencent à autonomiser leurs pratiques de gestion de la faim, en s’émancipant le plus souvent des logiques d’action morales ou religieuses. Certains épisodes de crise aiguë provoquent toutefois un mouvement de résurrection des attitudes qui convoquent l’économique, le religieux et l’ordre moral. L’article conclut en évoquant des pistes de recherche sur la manière dont les institutions gardaient la mémoire des attitudes idéales en contexte de crise. lévolution l évolution lépoque époque jusquà jusqu lémergence émergence siècle disettes PaysBas Pays Bas Sud laction action Carolingiens économiques nest n est laddition addition disjointes religieuses lautre autre individus sobserve s observe paysans Larticle L postcarolingienne post XeXIe Xe XIe siècles. siècles . siècles) laide aide dun d larticle sémancipant émancipant daction léconomique, léconomique économique, économique l’économique lordre ordre moral

Abstract This article examines the evolution of interpretative attitudes and practices shared by political elites from the Carolingian era to the rise of urban communities (12th century) in responding to hunger and famine, with a particular focus on the Southern Low Countries. It begins by analyzing the political actions of the Carolingians, which affected the economic, spiritual and religious realms. Their presence in the capitularies was not the result of the addition of two disjointed logics, one driven by religious elites, the other by pragmatic lay players: these two levers were mobilised simultaneously by the same individuals. This juxtaposition is particularly evident among peasants. The article then discusses the shift towards new actors, as the territorial princes took on a greater role in managing hunger crises in the post-Carolingian and Ottonian periods (10th-11th centuries). With the help of a chronicle from the early 12th century, the article then analyzes how urban communities began to assert their own hunger management practices, often by freeing themselves from moral or religious logics of action. However, certain episodes of acute crisis (plagues and epidemics, large-scale famines) triggered a reverse movement, marked by a resurgence of attitudes grounded in economic, religious, and moral principles. The article concludes by suggesting avenues for future research into how institutions preserved the memory of ideal attitudes and effective solutions amidst crises, through literary topoi and the use of institutional archives. th century famine Countries Carolingians economic realms players individuals peasants actors postCarolingian post 10th11th thth 10th 11th centuries. centuries . centuries) action However plagues epidemics largescale large scale famines movement principles archives

Abstract This paper describes an isogeometric analysis of the boundary element method, called IGABEM, applied to anisotropic 2D plane elastic problems. The Lekhnitskii's anisotropic fundamental solution is used and the singular integral terms is regularized. For the weak singularity kernel, the Telles transform is used. On the other hand, in the strong singularity term, the Singularity Subtraction Technique - SST is used. The shape functions used are the Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline - NURBS. Thus, the same mathematical representation of Computer Aided Design - CAD is used in the implemented computational code. This avoids the generation of meshes and provides an exact representation of most complex geometries. As a reflection of this isoparametric concept, errors from geometric interpolation are excluded, improving numerical results. Furthermore, to increase the numerical efficiency of the code, the NURBS are decomposed into Bézier curves. To evaluate the accuracy of the formulation, complex problems using high-order isogeometric boundary elements are analyzed. Their results are compared to analytical solutions showing good agreement. method IGABEM D Lekhnitskiis Lekhnitskii s regularized kernel hand term NonUniform Non Uniform BSpline B Spline Thus code geometries concept excluded Furthermore curves formulation highorder high order analyzed agreement

Abstract The Critical Shear Crack Theory (CSCT) has been developed since 1985 to assess the shear resistance of members without shear reinforcement and the punching shear resistance of reinforced concrete slabs in a rational manner. The main idea of the CSCT is that the shear resistance is governed by the development of a critical shear crack, its geometry and its kinematics. Recent shear tests with detailed measurements have confirmed that the shear force can be carried through the critical shear crack by a combination of aggregate interlocking, residual tensile strength of concrete, dowel action of the longitudinal reinforcement, inclination of the compression zone and activation of the shear reinforcement crossed by the critical shear crack if present. On the basis of advanced constitute laws, all these contributions can be calculated as a function of the crack geometry and its kinematic. Simplifications of the resulting general formulations have been implemented in several standards including the fib Model Code 2010 and, in its recent closed-form format, in the second generation of the European Standard for Concrete Structures. The generality of the models allows accounting for several materials and cases, as for instance the presence of axial forces, fiber reinforced concrete, non-metallic reinforcements and designing strengthening using several techniques. This document presents the historical framework of the development of the theory, followed by a short presentation of its most up-to-date refined models. The derivation of closed-form solutions based on the CSCT and how it leads to expressions in a format similar to the current European Standard for Concrete Structures is also discussed. Eventually, for the case of punching, some recent developments are shown in what refers the capability of the refined mechanical model to capture the relationship between the acting punching load, the rotation and the shear deformation during loading and at failure. (CSCT 198 manner kinematics interlocking present laws kinematic 201 closedform closed form cases forces nonmetallic non metallic techniques theory uptodate up date discussed Eventually load failure 19 20 1 2

Resumo A Teoria da Fissura de Corte Crítica (CSCT, referindo-se à sua definição Critical Shear Crack Theory na língua Inglesa) tem sido desenvolvida desde 1985 para avaliar a resistência ao corte de elementos de betão armado sem armadura de esforço transverso assim como a resistência ao punçoamento de lajes e fundações de betão armado. A principal ideia desta teoria é a de que a resistência é condicionada pelo desenvolvimento de uma fissura de corte crítica, nomeadamente pela sua geometria e cinemática. Ensaios experimentais realizados recentemente demonstram que o esforço transverso pode ser transmitido através da fissura de corte crítica devido à soma de várias contribuições, nomeadamente: engrenamento dos agregados, resistência à tração residual do betão, efeito de ferrolho das armaduras longitudinais, contribuição da zona comprimida e activação da armadura de esforço transverso atravessada pela fissura crítica (nos casos em que esta exista). Todas estas contribuições podem ser devidamente quantificadas em função da geometria e cinemática da fissura de corte crítica, usando para o efeito relações constitutivas adequadas. Versões simplificadas das formulações mais refinadas e gerais dos modelos mecânicos da CSCT foram introduzidas em diversos documentos normativos, tais como o Código Modelo 2010 da fib ou, mais recentemente, a segunda geração da Norma Europeia para Estruturas de Betão Armado. A generalidade dos modelos da teoria permite utilizá-los para outros casos particulares, tais como seja a presença de esforço normal, o caso de elementos de betão com fibras, armaduras não metálicas ou o dimensionamento de soluções de reforço estrutural. Este documento apresenta um enquadramento histórico do desenvolvimento da teoria, seguido de uma apresentação muito sucinta dos seus modelos refinados mais atuais. É ainda discutida a derivação de expressões de forma fechada baseada na CSCT, o que conduz a expressões com um formato idêntico às que constam no atual Eurocódigo 2. Finalmente, para o caso de punçoamento, alguns dos desenvolvimentos mais recentes da teoria são apresentados, nomeadamente no que se refere à capacidade do modelo refinado de relacionar a carga, a rotação e a deformação por corte, não somente na rotura mas também durante o carregamento. (CSCT referindose referindo Inglesa 198 agregados longitudinais nos exista. exista . exista) adequadas normativos 201 Armado utilizálos utilizá los particulares normal fibras estrutural atuais 2 Finalmente apresentados carga carregamento 19 20 1

ABSTRACT This paper explores the concept of geoethics and its application in the professional practice of geosciences. Geoethics involves research and reflection on the values and principles that underpin appropriate behaviours wherever human actions interact with the earth system. It advocates for solutions to the problems of human-Earth interaction and contributes to protecting humanity and citizens in the professional field and everyday life. After evaluating the common geoethical problem in Latin America, provide examples from three South American countries: Peru, Chile and Brazil. The synergistic action of the geoscientific community in promoting a geoethical framework is discussed. The need for transparent, quantitative, rational and repeatable analyses is highlighted to ensure high professionalism in conducting studies. The importance of providing role models for young and beginning geoscientists and correctly disseminating geoscientific information to the public is further emphasized. The ability to communicate effectively is a fundamental requirement to train engineers, geologists and geoscientists capable of addressing global issues such as environmental management, geological hazards, and energy transition. Additionally, the implementation of geoethics in geological engineering and geoscience careers is proposed to promote social and environmental responsibility among young graduates and scientists starting their careers to prevent unethical professional practices and improve the visibility of geosciences and its benefits to society. The article concludes by calling for the involvement of geoscientists in public policies for the protection of geological heritage and the promotion of geoethical values, as well as the creation of a professional group to develop and promote geoscience didactics to improve educational quality in the field.

RESUMEN Este artículo explora el concepto de geoética y su aplicación en la práctica profesional de las geociencias. La geoética involucra la investigación y reflexión sobre los valores y principios que sustentan los comportamientos apropiados dondequiera que las acciones humanas interactúen con el sistema terrestre. Aboga por soluciones a los problemas de la interacción humano-Tierra y contribuye a la protección de la humanidad y de los ciudadanos en el ámbito profesional y en la vida cotidiana. Luego de una evaluación de la problemática geoética común en América Latina, proporcionando ejemplos de tres países sudamericanos: Perú, Chile y Brasil. Se discute la acción sinérgica de la comunidad geocientífica en la promoción de un marco geoético. Se destaca la necesidad de análisis transparentes, cuantitativos, racionales y repetibles para asegurar un alto nivel de profesionalismo en la realización de estudios en geociencias. Se enfatiza además la importancia de proporcionar modelos a seguir para geocientíficos jóvenes y principiantes y la correcta difusión de información geocientífica al público en general. La capacidad de comunicarse de manera efectiva es un requisito fundamental para formar ingenieros geólogos y geocientíficos capaces de abordar problemas globales como la gestión ambiental, los riesgos geológicos y la transición energética. Adicionalmente, se propone la implementación de la geoética en las carreras de ingeniería geológica y geociencias para promover la responsabilidad social y ambiental entre las y los jóvenes graduados y científicos que inician su carrera, a fin de prevenir prácticas profesionales negativas y mejorar la visibilidad de las geociencias y sus beneficios para la sociedad. El artículo concluye llamando al involucramiento de los geocientíficos en las políticas públicas para la protección del patrimonio geológico y la promoción de los valores geoéticos, así como la creación de un grupo profesional para desarrollar y promover la didáctica de las geociencias para mejorar la calidad educativa en el campo.

Resumen Las curvas de absorción de los nutrientes permiten elaborar planes de fertilización óptimos para alcanzar un mejor rendimiento y calidad de los tubérculos en papa. La investigación se desarrolló en la Estación Experimental Santa Catalina (EESC) del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIAP - Ecuador). El objetivo fue determinar las curvas de absorción de los nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg y S) en la producción de semilla de papa prebásica con diferentes soluciones nutritivas en condiciones de invernadero, en suelo como sustrato y con plántulas provenientes de esquejes de la variedad Superchola. Se estudiaron cinco soluciones nutritivas: Testigo (T1), Método Racional (T2), INIAP (T3), Steiner (T4) y Pilvicsa (T5). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar. Se evaluó la biomasa seca total, absorción de nutrientes (cuatro etapas fenológicas) y rendimiento. Los resultados principales mostraron que: i) la mayor cantidad de biomasa se obtuvo en T5 con 205.68 g planta-1; ii) la absorción de nutrientes en T5 presentó los mayores valores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg y S, con 4.4, 0.97, 8.25, 1.57, 0.52 y 0.55 g planta-1, respectivamente; iii) T5 presentó un rendimiento de 10.73 t ha-1 y T4, 10.63 t ha-1, y iv) el modelo logístico utilizado presentó coeficientes de determinación del 90%. En conclusión, el tratamiento T5 (Pilvicsa) presentó mejores resultados en biomasa, absorción de nutrientes y rendimiento.

Abstract Nutrient uptake curves are essential in fertilization planning to achieve high yield and production quality. The research was carried out at the Santa Catalina Experimental Station (EESC) of the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP - Ecuador). The research objective was to determine the nutrient absorption curves (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) in the production of pre-basic potato seed with different nutrient solutions under greenhouse conditions, evaluated in soil as the substrate and with seedlings obtained from cuttings of the Superchola variety. Five nutritional solutions were evaluated: The control (T1), Rational Method (T2), INIAP method (T3), Steiner method (T4) and Pilvicsa method (T5). These treatments were implemented in a completely randomized design. Variables evaluated were: total dry plant biomass, nutrient absorption (in four phenological stages) and yield. The highest amount of plant biomass was obtained with the nutritional solution T5 with 205.68 mg plant-1. The highest nutrient absorption of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S of 4.4, 0.97, 8.25, 1.57, 0.52 and 0.55 g plant-1, respectively, were also obtained with the nutritional solution T5. The highest yield of 10.73 t ha-1 and 10.63 t ha-1 were obtained with the nutrient solutions of T5 and T4, respectively. The logistic model presented a determination coefficient of around 90%. In conclusion, the nutrient solution T5 (Pilvicsa) presented the highest plant biomass, nutrient uptake and yield.

Abstract Recently, fractional calculus has considerable attention from researchers since many problems in natural sciences and engineering are modelled with differential equations having fractional order. The nonlinear coupled time-fractional Boussinesq-Burger (B-B) equation, the nonlinear time-fractional approximate long water wave (ALW) equation, and the nonlinear (2 + 1)-dimensional space-time fractional generalized Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov (GNNV) equation are used to express the structure of shallow water waves (SWWs) with different distributions. The analytical solutions of these equations play a substantial role in explaining the properties of complex phenomena in applied sciences. In the current work, we utilize the exponential rational function (ERF) method with the definition of fractional derivative in the conformable sense to achieve new exact traveling wave solutions of these fractional systems. The correctness, validity, and graphics of the new traveling wave solutions are achieved with the aid of Mathematica. Results demonstrate the effectiveness and strength of this technique to solve the system of fractional differential equations (FDEs).

Abstract In this article, a proposed solution is developed for a resolutive care model with an excellent cost-benefit ratio, congruent with the latest solutions in integrated care for the older population. The theory and concepts underlying the proposed model are outlined in detail, together with the epidemiological assessment instruments used. The article provides the context behind the global growth of the older population and, more specifically for Brazil, showing the social and financial impacts of this shift on society. Drawing on this analysis, we advocate that care provision for the older population be rethought, with greater priority given to disease prevention and health promotion actions. We also propose judicious use of technology for consultations, monitoring and preventive strategies, and for coordinating new care approaches. We believe the emphasis on care for the older population should take a low-complexity approach to reduce wastefulness, ensure rational use of health system resources, and make optimal use of the professionals involved. costbenefit cost benefit ratio detail used Brazil society analysis rethought actions consultations strategies approaches lowcomplexity low complexity wastefulness resources involved

Resumo Proposta de um modelo assistencial resolutivo e com excelente relação custo-benefício, em linha com o que há de mais contemporâneo no cuidado integral para o grupo etário dos idosos. Apresentou-se em detalhes a teoria e os conceitos que fundamentam o modelo proposto, bem como os instrumentos de avaliação epidemiológica utilizados. O artigo contextualiza o crescimento desse contingente populacional no mundo e, em particular, no Brasil, mostrando seus impactos sociais e financeiros para a sociedade. A partir dessa análise, defende-se que o cuidado prestado à população idosa seja repensado, valorizando cada vez mais as ações de prevenção de agravos e de promoção da saúde. Propõe-se também o uso inteligente da tecnologia para consultas, monitoramento, atitudes preventivas e na coordenação dos novos cuidados. Acredita-se que a ênfase da atenção ao público idoso deve se dar nas instâncias leves de cuidado, de forma a minimizar desperdícios, usando com racionalidade os recursos disponíveis no sistema de saúde e valorizando os profissionais envolvidos. custobenefício, custobenefício custo benefício, benefício custo-benefício idosos Apresentouse Apresentou proposto utilizados particular Brasil sociedade análise defendese defende repensado Propõese Propõe consultas monitoramento cuidados Acreditase Acredita desperdícios envolvidos

Abstract This work presents two fast isogeometric formulations of the Boundary Element Method (BEM) applied to heat conduction problems, one accelerated by Fast Multipole Method (FMM) and other by Hierarchical Matrices. The Fast Multipole Method uses complex variables and expansion of fundamental solutions into Laurant series, while the Hierarchical Matrices are created by low rank CUR approximations from the k−Means clustering technique for geometric sampling. Both use Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) as shape functions. To reduce computational cost and facilitate implementation, NURBS are decomposed into Bézier curves, making the isogeometric formulation very similar to the conventional BEM. A description of the hierarchical structure of the data and the implemented algorithms are presented. Validation is performed by comparing the results of the proposed formulations with those of the conventional BEM formulation. The computational cost of both formulations is analyzed showing the advantages of the proposed formulations for large scale problems.

Resumo O reúso de soluções nutritivas em hidroponia se torna alternativa ao descarte de água e nutrientes no ambiente, já que a escassez desses recursos e a contaminação do solo por fertilizantes são problemas, tanto econômicos quanto ambientais. Este trabalho avaliou a viabilidade da reposição de nutrientes para o reúso das soluções nutritivas descarte durante o desenvolvimento da cultura da alface em hidroponia. O experimento foi realizado em estufa agrícola, em sistema hidropônico NFT utilizando a cultivar de alface Milena. O experimento foi dividido em duas etapas, sendo a primeira: monitoramento e coleta de dados e proposição de manejo da reposição de nutrientes e a segunda: validação do manejo de reposição proposto. O monitoramento do consumo da solução nutricional da cultura, na primeira etapa, serviu como base para o manejo de reposição nutricional proposto. O manejo foi validado na segunda etapa através da avaliação das massas fresca e seca, o estado nutricional da cultura e a quantidade de fertilizantes aplicados nos tratamentos, T1 - reposição de nutrientes com reaproveitamento da solução nutritiva e T2 - reposição de nutrientes sem reaproveitamento da solução nutritiva. Os dados de massa fresca e seca e a quantidade de nutrientes absorvidos pelas plantas foram submetidos ao teste estatístico T ao nível de 5% de significância, mostrando não haver diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, sendo possível concluir que a reposição de nutrientes proporcionou o reúso da solução nutritiva durante o desenvolvimento da cultura da alface.

Abstract In order to address issues of limited resources and contamination by fertilizers, nutrient solutions may be reused in hydroponics as an alternative to their disposal in the environment. This work evaluated the feasibility of nutrient replacement for the nutrient solutions reused during lettuce hydroponic cultivation. The experiment was carried out in an agricultural greenhouse in an NFT hydroponic system using the “Milena” lettuce cultivar. The experiment was divided into two stages: 1) monitoring and data collection and proposition of nutrient replacement management; and 2) validation of the proposed replacement management. Monitoring the consumption of the crop's nutritional solution in the first stage served as the basis for the proposed nutritional replacement management. Management was validated in the second stage through the evaluation of fresh and dry mass, crop nutritional status, and the amount of the fertilizer applied in the treatments: T1 - nutrient replacement with nutrient solution reuse; and T2 - nutrient replacement without nutrient solution reuse. The fresh and dry mass data and the amount of nutrients absorbed by the plants were submitted to the t-test at 5% probability, showing no significant difference between the treatments, making it possible to conclude that the nutrient solution reuse provided nutrient replacement during the lettuce crop cultivation.

Abstract One of the most significant tools for expressing physical phenomena in the world around us is to express problems using differential equations with partial derivatives. The result of these considerations has been the invention and application of various analytical and numerical methods in solving this category of equations. In this work, we make use of a newly-developed technique called the generated exponential rational function method to compute the exact solution of the Davey-Stewartson equation. According to all the conducted research studies so far, results similar to those found in the present paper have not been published. The results attest to the efficiency of the proposed method. The method used in this paper has the ability to be implemented in other cases in solving equations with relative derivatives.

Abstract This study describes the discrepancy between the current use of the land and its capacity of use; and at the same time it looks for viable solutions to reach a rational use of the territory. The objective of this research was is to analyze and determine the incompatibilities of land use in the parroquia Lodana in Santa Ana canton. The research was developed in an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory level, thematic maps were used with spatial analysis techniques in a GIS environment; in addition, surveys and interviews were applied, which helped us to identify the different environmental and social impacts that have been generated in the territory, due to the inadequate use of the soil. The purpose of this research is to draw guidelines oriented to provide a rational use of the soil in origin to its nature, in order to have a better territorial planning directed to the economic activities that are carried out in the territory; generating a planned urban expansion and therefore an ordered area, thus avoid avoiding environmental impacts and social conflicts.

Resumen El presente estudio describe la discrepancia entre el uso actual del suelo y su capacidad de uso; y a su vez busca soluciones viables para llegar a un uso racional del territorio. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar y determinar las incompatibilidades del uso de suelo en la parroquia Lodana del cantón Santa Ana. La investigación fue desarrollada en un nivel exploratorio, descriptivo y explicativo, se emplearon mapas temáticos con técnicas de análisis espacial en un entorno SIG; además se aplicaron entrevistas, las cuales ayudaron a identificar los diferentes impactos ambientales y sociales que se han generado en el territorio, por el inadecuado uso del suelo. La finalidad de la investigación es trazar lineamientos orientados a brindar un uso racional del suelo en origen a su naturaleza, para así tener una mejor planificación territorial dirigida a las actividades económicas que se realizan en el territorio; generando una expansión urbana planificada y por ende un área ordenada, que evite de esta manera impactos ambientales y conflictos sociales.

Abstract This paper investigates exact voyaging (2 + 1) dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain solutions with conformable fractional derivatives, an important family of nonlinear equations from Schrödinger (NLSE) for the construction of hyperbolic, trigonometric and complex function solutions. The detailed rational sine-cosine system and rational sinh-cosh system were used to locate dim, special and periodic wave solutions successfully. These findings suggest that the proposed approaches may be useful to investigate a range of solutions inside a repository of applied sciences and engineering, with success, quality, and trust. In addition, graphical representations and physical expresses of such solutions are represented by a set of the required values of the parameters involved. The methods are essentially adequate and can be extended to different dynamic models that create the nonlinear processes in today’s research.

Abstract We obtain closed-form solutions of several inhomogeneous Liénard equations by the factorization method. The two factorization conditions involved in the method are turned into a system of first-order differential equations containing the forcing term. In this way, one can find the forcing terms that lead to integrable cases. Because of the reduction of order feature of factorization, the solutions are simultaneously solutions of first-order differential equations with polynomial nonlinearities. The illustrative examples of Liénard solutions obtained in this way generically have rational parts, and consequently display singularities.

RESUMO As motivações para a busca de soluções e alternativas que podem diminuir o estresse hídrico são evidentemente importantes. Mesmo que renováveis, os recursos hídricos de qualidade e potabilidade são escassos. Como alternativa, o reúso pode ajudar a diminuir o uso de águas potáveis para atividades que não necessitam de potabilidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre água de reúso a partir da definição de alternativa sustentável e racional para o uso da água. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico do período de julho a dezembro de 2017 nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MedLine), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Embase e Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Com a revisão bibliográfica foi possível identificar que o tema “reúso” vem sendo debatido para a gestão, a padronização e os riscos associados à utilização. No Brasil, não há uma legislação a nível nacional que regule o uso e determine os padrões de qualidade da água de reúso. No entanto, nas quatro regiões brasileiras foi observado que há sete estados com legislações e normas sobre o tema. Legislações internacionais apresentam uma relação abrangente de parâmetros que podem ser utilizados no debate para a legislação brasileira. Trabalhos produzidos pela comunidade acadêmica fundamentam os riscos sobre esse tipo de água. Publicações científicas sobre água de reúso devem ser estimuladas, assim como legislações mais detalhadas descrevendo os tipos de água de reúso, assim como os padrões de riscos relacionados.

ABSTRACT The motivations for seeking solutions and alternatives that can reduce water stress is clearly important. Even though renewable, water resources of quality and potability are scarce. As an alternative, reuse can help reduce the use of drinking water for activities that do not require drinking. The objective was to carry out a review of the literature on reuse water based on the definition of a sustainable and rational alternative for water use. A bibliographical survey was carried out from July to December 2017 in the MedLine, Lilacs, Embase, and ISI databases. The bibliographic review showed that the reused topic has been discussed with notes to the management, standardization, and risks associated with its use. There is no national Brazilian legislation that regulates the use and quality standards of reuse water. However, in the four Brazilian regions, the literature points to only seven Brazilian states with legislation and norms on the subject. International legislations present a comprehensive list of parameters that can be used in the discussion of Brazilian national legislation. Works have been produced by the academic community, basing the risks of this type of water. Scientific publications on reuse water should be encouraged, as well as more detailed legislation describing the types of reuse water and related risk patterns.