Abstract This article intends to propose a methodology to characterize the Financial (In)Sustainability of Brazilian municipalities − materialized through the Municipal Financial Sustainability Index (ISFM) − as opposed to the methodology suggested by the Proposed Amendment to the Constitution (PEC) No. 188, whose agenda is to incorporate small municipalities considered unsustainable. Regarding the methods, we used quantitative, applied, descriptive and explanatory research, of the bibliographical and documentary type, in addition to descriptive statistics and correlation/linear regression. The results demonstrate that the ISFM is more robust compared to the methodology proposed by the PEC. The Index was applied to 5,570 Brazilian municipalities and the national average resulted in 56%. Most Brazilian municipalities classified themselves as “Sustainable” and the statistical analysis significantly demonstrated the existence of a positive correlation between the variables ISFM and Local Development. The contributions of the work turn to the production of research on the subject, still incipient nationally. InSustainability In (ISFM PEC (PEC No 188 unsustainable methods quantitative type correlationlinear linear regression 5570 5 570 5,57 56 56% Sustainable “Sustainable Development subject nationally 18 557 57 5,5 1 55 5,

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es proponer una metodología para caracterizar la (In)Sostenibilidad Financiera de los municipios brasileños - materializada a través del Índice de Sostenibilidad Financiera Municipal (ISFM) - en contraposición a la metodología sugerida por la Propuesta de Enmienda a la Constitución (PEC) no 188, que tiene como agenda la incorporación de pequeños municipios considerados insostenibles. Los métodos utilizados fueron cuantitativos, aplicados, descriptivos y explicativos, bibliográficos y documentales, así como la estadística descriptiva y la correlación/regresión lineal. Los resultados muestran que el ISFM es más robusto que la metodología propuesta por el PEC. El Índice se aplicó a 5.570 municipios brasileños y la media nacional fue del 56%. La mayoría de los municipios brasileños fueron clasificados como “Sostenibles” y los análisis estadísticos mostraron una correlación positiva significativa entre las variables ISFM y Desarrollo Local. Las aportaciones de este trabajo se dirigen a la producción de investigaciones sobre el tema, aún incipiente a nivel nacional. InSostenibilidad In (ISFM PEC (PEC 188 insostenibles cuantitativos aplicados explicativos documentales correlaciónregresión regresión lineal 5570 5 570 5.57 56 56% Sostenibles “Sostenibles Local tema 18 557 57 5.5 1 55 5.

Résumé Le but de cet article est de proposer une méthodologie pour caractériser la (In)Durabilité Financière des municipalités brésiliennes - concrétisée par le biais de l’Indice de Durabilité Financière Municipale (ISFM) - en opposition à la méthodologie suggérée par la Proposition d’Amendement Constitutionnel (PEC) n° 188, qui vise à incorporer les petites municipalités considérées comme insoutenables. Les méthodes utilisées comprennent la recherche quantitative, appliquée, descriptive et explicative, de type bibliographique et documentaire, ainsi que la statistique descriptive et la corrélation/régression linéaire. Les résultats montrent que l’ISFM est plus robuste que la méthodologie proposée par la PEC. L’indice a été appliqué aux 5 570 municipalités brésiliennes et la moyenne nationale s’est élevée à 56%. La plupart des municipalités brésiliennes ont été classées comme “Durables” et les analyses statistiques ont démontré de manière significative l’existence d’une corrélation positive entre les variables ISFM et Développement Local. Les contributions de ce travail se concentrent sur la production de recherches sur le sujet, encore peu développé au niveau national. InDurabilité In lIndice l Indice (ISFM dAmendement d Amendement PEC (PEC n 188 insoutenables quantitative appliquée explicative documentaire corrélationrégression régression linéaire lISFM Lindice L indice 57 sest s 56 56% Durables “Durables lexistence existence dune Local sujet national 18 1

Resumo O propósito do presente artigo é propor uma metodologia para caracterização da (In)Sustentabilidade Financeira de municípios brasileiros − materializada por meio do Índice de Sustentabilidade Financeira Municipal (ISFM) − em contraponto à metodologia sugerida pela Proposta de Emenda à Constituição (PEC) no 188, que traz como pauta a incorporação de pequenos municípios considerados insustentáveis. Como métodos utilizou-se pesquisa quantitativa, aplicada, descritiva e explicativa, do tipo bibliográfica e documental, além de estatística descritiva e correlação/regressão linear. Os resultados demonstram que o ISFM possui maior robustez comparado à metodologia proposta pela PEC. O Índice foi aplicado aos 5.570 municípios brasileiros e a média nacional resultou em 56%. A maior parcela dos municípios brasileiros se classificou como “Sustentável” e as análises estatísticas demonstraram, significativamente, a existência de correlação positiva entre as variáveis ISFM e Desenvolvimento Local. As contribuições do trabalho se voltam para a produção de pesquisa sobre a temática, ainda incipiente nacionalmente. InSustentabilidade In (ISFM PEC (PEC 188 insustentáveis utilizouse utilizou quantitativa aplicada explicativa documental correlaçãoregressão regressão linear 5570 5 570 5.57 56 56% Sustentável “Sustentável demonstraram significativamente Local temática nacionalmente 18 557 57 5.5 1 55 5.

This work developed an effective and eco-friendly analytical method to support quality control for Brazilian Bill proposal No. 5332/2009. The bill advocates the creation of the “Brazilian bread” by mandating the incorporation of cassava byproducts into wheat flour, with the aim of reducing Brazil’s external dependency on wheat imports and promoting domestic cassava family farming. For this, a handheld near-infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer was utilized for on-site determination of cassava starch in commercial wheat flour. The quantitative analysis, which utilized NIR spectra pre-processed with offset correction (OFF) combined with linear baseline correction (LBC), alongside the successive projections algorithm for interval selection in partial least squares (iSPA-PLS), exhibited superior predictive capability, achieving a relative error of prediction below 8%. Furthermore, the classification process, which involved NIR spectra pre-processed with LBC and iSPA-PLS for discriminant analysis (iSPA-PLS-DA), yielded an impressive 94% overall accuracy, with only 3 misclassifications in the test set. ecofriendly eco friendly No 53322009 5332 2009 5332/2009 bread flour Brazils Brazil s farming this nearinfrared near infrared (NIR onsite site preprocessed pre processed OFF (OFF LBC, , (LBC) iSPAPLS, iSPAPLS iSPA PLS (iSPA-PLS) capability 8 8% Furthermore process iSPAPLSDA, iSPAPLSDA DA (iSPA-PLS-DA) 94 accuracy set 5332200 533 200 5332/200 (LBC (iSPA-PLS (iSPA-PLS-DA 9 533220 53 20 5332/20 53322 5 2 5332/2 5332/

Exploring the triacylglycerols composition in milk samples from different ruminant species is crucial for dairy product development. Identifying the fatty acid (FA) composition in human milk is essential and is usually performed using gas chromatography (GC). Heat maps are useful for visualizing these results, aiding in pattern identification and relationships between samples and variables. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides important qualitative and quantitative information about fatty acids (FA). In the present study, we compare the fatty acid composition in samples of HM, cow milk, and goat milk, as well as to demonstrate their positional distribution in triacylglycerols (TAGs). Human milk contains 49.21% saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 34.32% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and 16.47% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including 2.14% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 13.02% linoleic acid (LA). On the other hand, cow and goat milk have higher proportions of SFAs (56.2 and 58.02%, respectively) and MUFAs (40.56 and 40.95%, respectively), but lower amounts of PUFAs (3.24 and 1.03%, respectively), with significantly lower quantities of DHA (0.03 and 0.43%, respectively) and LA (1.46 and 2.76%, respectively). Additionally, fatty acids in ruminant milk mainly consist of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), with oleic acid being the most abundant. development FA (FA GC. GC . (GC) results variables Additionally NMR (NMR FA. study HM TAGs. TAGs (TAGs) 4921 49 21 49.21 SFAs, , (SFAs) 3432 34 32 34.32 MUFA, MUFA (MUFA) 1647 16 47 16.47 PUFA, PUFA (PUFA) 214 2 14 2.14 (DHA 1302 13 02 13.02 LA. (LA) hand 56.2 562 56 (56. 5802 58 58.02% respectively 40.56 4056 40 (40.5 4095 95 40.95% respectively, 3.24 324 3 24 (3.2 103 1 03 1.03% 0.03 003 0 (0.0 043 43 0.43% 1.46 146 46 (1.4 276 76 2.76% respectively. longchain long chain LCFAs, LCFAs (LCFAs) abundant (GC (TAGs 492 4 49.2 (SFAs 343 34.3 (MUFA 164 16.4 (PUFA 2.1 130 13.0 (LA 56. 5 (56 580 58.02 40.5 405 (40. 409 9 40.95 3.2 (3. 10 1.03 0.0 00 (0. 04 0.43 1.4 (1. 27 7 2.76 (LCFAs 49. 34. 16. 2. 13. (5 58.0 40. (40 40.9 3. (3 1.0 0. (0 0.4 1. (1 2.7 ( 58. (4

ABSTRACT Desertification is the degradation process caused by climatic conditions and human activities that results in loss of soil productivity and decline in vegetation growth in the long term. Several indices related to vegetation, soil and climate are used to monitor desertification, but few studies explore qualitative and quantitative aspects of indices on desertification on spatial and hierarchical scale. This study aims to identify and measure indices related to increased risk of desertification on global, local and hierarchical scales using multinomial logistic regression models. Images from TM, ETM+ and OLI sensor from 1997 to 2018 in the end of dry and rainy seasons were used to quantify NDVI, TGSI, albedo, temperature, aridity index, evapotranspiration and precipitation on global spatial scale (Irauçuba Centro Norte) and local spatial scale (Miraíma, Canindé, Irauçuba and Santa Quitéria). GISD was calculated by geometric mean of weighted indices and segmented into 8 classes of susceptibility to desertification (hierarchical scale). The results showed that the best models were obtained on local scale and for the end of the rainy season. Temperature proved to be the most important variable for increased risk of desertification on global, local and hierarchical scales. Therefore, the increase in the risk of desertification in the studied areas is due to human activities of deforestation, overgrazing and fire. These factors contributed to reduction of vegetation cover and increase in temperature, changing the microclimatic, which led to decline in precipitation and worsening of desertification. term TM ETM 199 201 NDVI TGSI albedo temperature index Norte Miraíma, Miraíma (Miraíma Canindé Quitéria. Quitéria . Quitéria) scale) season Therefore deforestation fire microclimatic 19 20 1 2

ABSTRACT Purpose: The epithelial–mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells plays a role in posterior capsule opacification, a fibrotic process that leads to a common type of cataract. Hyaluronic acid has been implicated in this fibrosis. Studies have investigated the role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 in epithelial–mesenchymal transition. However, the role of TGF-β2 in hyaluronic acid-mediated fibrosis of lens epithelial cell remains unknown. We here examined the role of TGF-β2 in the hyaluronic acid-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells. Methods: Cultured human lens epithelial cells (HLEB3) were infected with CD44-siRNA by using the Lipofectamine 3000 transfection reagent. The CCK-8 kit was used to measure cell viability, and the scratch assay was used to determine cell migration. Cell oxidative stress was analyzed in a dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate assay and by using a flow cytometer. The TGF-β2 level in HLEB3 cells was examined through immunohistochemical staining. The TGF-β2 protein level was determined through western blotting. mRNA expression levels were determined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Treatment with hyaluronic acid (1.0 μM, 24 h) increased the epithelial–mesenchymal transition of HLEB3 cells. The increase in TGF-β2 levels corresponded to an increase in CD44 levels in the culture medium. However, blocking the CD44 function significantly reduced the TGF-β2-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition response of HLEB3 cells. Conclusions: Our study showed that both CD44 and TGF-β2 are critical contributors to the hyaluronic acid-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells, and that TGF-β2 in epithelial-mesenchymal transition is regulated by CD44. These results suggest that CD44 could be used as a target for preventing hyaluronic acid-induced posterior capsule opacification. Our findings suggest that CD44/TGF-β2 is crucial for the hyaluronic acid-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells. Purpose epithelialmesenchymal mesenchymal opacification cataract TGFβ2 TGFβ TGF β2 β (TGF)-β However TGF-β acidmediated mediated unknown Methods HLEB (HLEB3 CD44siRNA CDsiRNA siRNA CD 300 reagent CCK8 CCK 8 CCK- viability migration dichlorodihydrofluorescein dichloro dihydro fluorescein cytometer staining blotting realtime real time reaction Results 1.0 10 1 0 (1. μM 2 h CD4 medium TGFβ2mediated TGFβmediated Conclusions acidinduced induced CD44/TGFβ2 CD44TGFβ2 CDTGFβ CD44/TGF CD44/TGF-β (HLEB 30 1. (1 CD44/TGFβ CD44TGFβ CD44TGF CDTGF 3 (

The inhibition of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an endocannabinoid system component, emerged as a potentially new therapeutic target for a range of clinical disorders such as acute and chronic pain. Some α-ketoheterocycle derivatives demonstrated interesting analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. Ligand-Based Drug Design techniques such as knowledge graph convolutional networks (kGCN) and hologram quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR) using α-ketoheterocycle derivatives from five different datasets were generated to discover the relation between the chemical structures and the inhibition activity. Meanwhile, structure-based drug design simulations as interaction fields (MIF), molecular docking, and ligand sites studies (LSI) from FAAH were performed using Autogrid software and FTmap/FTsite servers. The results of both studies were merged to propose predictive models. The resulting kGCN model demonstrated adequate accuracy area under the curve by receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC 0.7922). From contribution maps of the Ligand-Based Drug Design (LBDD) models and the generated probes using MIF and LSI, it was observed that the oxazole ring, the ketone group, and the apolar chain present in the structures of the inhibitors are important, besides the evidence of the Cys269 and Val270 residues importance for the potential interaction, confirmed by carried docking studies. These fragments and structural information can be used to carry out new FAAH potential inhibitors studies and report kGCN as an accurate classification technique. FAAH, , (FAAH) component pain αketoheterocycle α ketoheterocycle antiinflammatory anti inflammatory vitro LigandBased Ligand Based (kGCN structureactivity structure activity HQSAR (HQSAR Meanwhile structurebased based MIF, (MIF) LSI (LSI FTmapFTsite FTmap FTsite servers AUCROC AUC ROC 0.7922. 07922 0.7922 . 0 7922 0.7922) LBDD (LBDD ring group important Cys Cys26 Val Val27 technique (FAAH (MIF 0792 0.792 792 Cys2 Val2 079 0.79 79 07 0.7 7 0.

In this work, using the PM3 semi-empirical method, the oxidation of the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was studied by sulfuric and nitric acid for the incorporation of carbonyl (C=O), phenol (OH) and carboxylic (COOH) groups in the C=C bonds present on the surface of the nanotube. Subsequently, the crosslinking of the oxidized SWCNT (SWCNTox) and chitosan (Q) was observed through hydrogen bonds of the C=O and OH bonds with 2.34 Å, the process was endothermic and soluble in polar solvents due to the presence of OH and NH groups in the structure of SWCNTox/Q. The Monte Carlo modeling allowed to study the adsorption of pesticides in the SWCNTox/Q at different temperatures, where the QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) properties allowed predicting the behavior of the pesticides, that is, the degree of hydrophobicity (log P) and accessible surface area (ASA) were important parameters in the evaluation of SWCNTox/Q as an adsorbent and surface interacting with pesticides respectively. Finally, the adsorption was a physisorption process due to the electronegativity of the CO, OH, NH2, NH and C=O bonds. work PM semiempirical semi empirical method singlewalled single walled (SWCNT C=O, CO , C O (C=O) (OH COOH (COOH CC Subsequently SWCNTox (SWCNTox Q (Q 234 2 34 2.3 Å SWCNToxQ temperatures quantitative relationship is log P ASA (ASA respectively Finally NH2 (C=O 23 3 2.

RESUMO Este artigo propõe um modelo conceitual para avaliar como a motivação materialista dos consumidores impacta as características sociais (prestígio e conspicuidade) que geram Status para produtos tecnológicos inovadores, que podem levar à intenção de consumo. O estudo utilizou uma abordagem quantitativa para testar um modelo conceitual utilizando a modelagem de equações estruturais com o uso do PLS - SEM. Os resultados indicam que o prestígio do produto e a percepção de conspicuidade do produto medeiam a motivação materialista dos consumidores, o que afeta o status social proporcionado pelo produto ao indivíduo. Da mesma forma, a percepção de inovação e o status do produto medeiam a relação entre conspicuidade e prestígio percebido em relação à intenção de consumo. Esta pesquisa fornece insights importantes sobre as fortes relações entre as características sociais do produto tecnológico que levam em conta os valores dos indivíduos. Como consequência, este estudo contribui diretamente na compreensão de status e valores sociais influenciando a intenção de consumo de produtos tecnológicos, demonstrando o quanto a inovação traz elementos de valoração do indivíduo que a possui. inovadores SEM forma indivíduos consequência possui

ABSTRACT This article proposes a conceptual model to assess how consumers' materialistic motivations impact social characteristics (prestige and conspicuity) that generate status for innovative technological products, which can lead to consumption intention. The study used a quantitative approach to test a conceptual model using structural equation modeling through PLS - SEM. The results indicate that product prestige and perception of product conspicuity mediate consumers’ materialistic motivations, which affects the social status provided to the individual by the product. Likewise, perception of innovation and product status mediate the relationship between conspicuity and perceived prestige in relation to consumption intention. This research yields important insights regarding the strong relations between the social characteristics of technological products that take into account individuals’ values. Consequently, this study enhances understanding of how status and social value influence the intention to consume technological products, demonstrating the extent to which innovation brings elements of value to individuals who own the product in question. consumers SEM Likewise values Consequently question

RESUMO As pimenteiras ornamentais apresentam variabilidade genética que pode ser acessada por meio de caracteres morfológicos e moleculares. A seleção de genótipos para formação de população base para o melhoramento pode ser realizada por meio de análise conjunta de vários tipos de dados, proporcionando maior precisão na seleção. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a diversidade entre acessos de pimenta com base na análise de características fenotípicas e marcadores moleculares e selecionar os melhores para serem utilizados como parentais em programas de melhoramento. O trabalho foi realizado no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraíba, Brasil. Foram utilizados 16 genótipos de pimenteiras ornamentais, e caracterizados quanto a oito caracteres quantitativos, nove qualitativos e 18 pares de iniciadores microssatélites. As análises simultâneas das variáveis foram realizadas usando o método de agrupamento de Tocher, agrupamento do algoritmo de Ward e a matriz de dissimilaridades. Os métodos de agrupamentos foram eficientes na separação dos genótipos, identificando variabilidade genética e precisão na seleção por meio da análise conjunta de dados quantitativos, qualitativos e moleculares. Diferentes grupos foram formados entre os genótipos pelo método de Tocher (seis grupos) e pelo método de Ward (três grupos). Existe variabilidade genética entre os genótipos de pimenteiras ornamentais, considerando análise conjunta de dados quantitativos, qualitativos e moleculares. Características qualitativas são importantes na identificação de divergência genética entre acessos de pimenteira ornamental. Os genótipos UFPB 46, 134, 137, 443 e 449, o mini pimentão Akamu e a cultivar Calypso são indicados para seleção, podem ser utilizados para realizar cruzamentos e dar continuidade ao programa de melhoramento genético. perspectiva Paraíba Brasil 1 quantitativos microssatélites dissimilaridades seis três grupos. . ornamental 46 134 137 44 449 genético 4 13

ABSTRACT Ornamental pepper plants have genetic variability, which can be accessed through morphological and molecular traits. Genotype selection to form the base population for breeding can be performed through the joint analysis of several types of data, providing greater selection accuracy. From this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity among pepper accessions based on analysis of phenotypic traits and molecular markers and to select the best ones to use as parents in breeding programs. The study was carried out at the Centro de Ciências Agrárias of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraíba, Brazil. Sixteen ornamental pepper genotypes were used and characterized for eight quantitative traits, nine qualitative traits, and 18 pairs of microsatellite primers. Simultaneous variable analyses were performed using Tocher’s clustering method, Ward’s clustering algorithm, and the dissimilarity matrix. The clustering methods were efficient in separating the genotypes, identifying genetic variability, and accuracy in the selection through the joint analysis of quantitative, qualitative, and molecular data. Different groups were formed among the genotypes by Tocher’s method (six groups) and Ward’s method (three groups). There is genetic variability among ornamental pepper genotypes considering the joint analysis of quantitative, qualitative, and molecular data. Qualitative traits are important in the identification of genetic divergence among ornamental pepper accessions. The UFPB genotypes 46, 134, 137, 443 and 449, the mini pepper Akamu, and the cultivar Calypso are indicated for selection and can be used to carry out crosses and continue the breeding program. data perspective programs Paraíba Brazil 1 primers Tochers Tocher s Wards Ward algorithm matrix six three groups. . 46 134 137 44 449 Akamu program 4 13

Hair can provide chemical information about drug use. This study employed matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) to detect drugs in hair samples. The technique was used to detect cocaine (COC, molecular weight (Mw) = 303.14 Da) and its main metabolites, benzoylecgonine (BZE, Mw = 289.13 Da), cocaethylene (COCE, Mw = 317.16 Da) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME, Mw = 199.12 Da) in hair strands using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB, 7.0 mg mL-1) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA, at concentrations of 1.5, 3.0, 7.0, and 10 mg mL-1) as the evaluated matrices. Among these, CHCA was selected. Subsequently, the qualitative results obtained by MALDI(+) MS were correlated with the quantitative analyses of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), demonstrating a significant correlation in responses (70%), with the detection of analytes by MALDI(+) MS even at low concentrations, determined by GC-MS. The concentration ranges obtained by GC MS analysis were from 0.6 to 4.1 ng mg-1 of COC, and from 0.05 to 0.4 ng mg-1 of COCE. The effect of pre-washing on the detection of COC and its metabolites was also evaluated, and the results indicated less influence from the pre-washing stage and confirmed the reduction in COC detection in hair exposed to bleaching. use matrixassisted matrix assisted MALDIMS MALDI (MALDI-MS samples (COC (Mw 30314 303 14 303.1 Da BZE, BZE (BZE 28913 289 13 289.1 Da, , COCE, COCE (COCE 31716 317 16 317.1 EME, EME (EME 19912 199 12 199.1 2,5dihydroxybenzoic 25dihydroxybenzoic dihydroxybenzoic 2,5 2 5 DHB, DHB (DHB 70 7 0 7. mL1 mL 1 mL-1 αcyano4hydroxycinnamic αcyanohydroxycinnamic α cyano 4 hydroxycinnamic CHCA, (CHCA 15 1.5 30 3 3.0 matrices these selected Subsequently MALDI+ + MALDI(+ chromatographymass chromatography GCMS, GCMS (GC-MS) 70%, 70% (70%) GCMS. MS. GC-MS 06 6 0. 41 4. mg1 mg- 005 05 0.0 04 prewashing pre washing bleaching 3031 303. 2891 28 289. 3171 31 317. 1991 19 199. 5dihydroxybenzoic 25 2, mL- αcyano 1. 3. MALDI( (GC-MS (70% 00 (70 (7 (

Abstract The literature regarding electoral reforms, in general, and campaign finance reforms, in particular, has benefited little from the contributions of the public policy field, whether in theoretical or methodological terms. This article proposes a model to analyze campaign finance reforms based on the concept of the policy cycle, considering how the formation of the agenda for reforms takes place, namely (1) decision-making (2) implementation (3) and evaluation. I use this model to examine the case of electoral self-financing regulation in Brazil in an empirical manner, employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results indicate that the restriction on self-financing in Brazil is associated with a greater reliance on this type of resource in campaigns after the prohibition of corporate donations. In addition, the reform seems to fall short of its initial objectives. Thus, this article seeks to contribute to the literature in two ways: by proposing a model to analyze campaign finance reforms and applying it to the Brazilian case. general particular field terms cycle place 1 (1 decisionmaking decision making 2 (2 3 (3 evaluation selffinancing self financing manner methods donations addition objectives Thus ways (

Résumé La littérature sur les réformes électorales en général, et les réformes du financement des campagnes en particulier, a peu bénéficié des contributions du domaine de l’analyse des politiques publiques, que ce soit en termes théoriques et/ou méthodologiques. Cet article propose un modèle d’analyse des réformes du financement des campagnes à partir du concept de cycle de politiques (policy cycle), en considérant la manière dont l’agenda des réformes est formé (1); la prise de décision (2); la mise en œuvre (3); et l’évaluation (4). J’utilise ce modèle pour observer empiriquement le cas de la régulation du financement propre aux élections au Brésil, en utilisant des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives. Les résultats indiquent que la restriction du financement propre au Brésil est associée à une plus grande importance de ce type de ressources dans les campagnes électorales après l’interdiction des dons des entreprises. De plus, la réforme semble ne pas atteindre ses objectifs initiaux. Dans cette optique, l’article cherche à contribuer à la littérature de deux manières: en proposant un modèle d’analyse des réformes du financement des campagnes et en l’appliquant au cas brésilien. général particulier lanalyse l analyse publiques etou ou méthodologiques danalyse d policy cycle, , cycle) lagenda agenda 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) lévaluation évaluation 4. 4 . (4) Jutilise J utilise quantitatives linterdiction interdiction entreprises initiaux optique larticle manières lappliquant appliquant brésilien (1 (2 (3 (4 (

Resumo A literatura sobre reformas eleitorais, em geral, e reformas do financiamento de campanhas, em específico, tem se beneficiado pouco das contribuições do campo de análise de políticas públicas. Seja em termos teóricos e/ou metodológicos. Este artigo propõe um modelo de análise de reformas do financiamento de campanhas a partir do conceito de ciclo de políticas (policy cycle), considerando como se forma a agenda sobre reformas (1); tomada de decisão (2); implementação (3); e avaliação (4). Utilizo este modelo para observar empiricamente o caso da regulação do autofinanciamento eleitoral no Brasil, a partir de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Os resultados indicam que a restrição do autofinanciamento no Brasil está associada ao maior peso desse tipo de recurso nas campanhas após a proibição das doações empresariais. E, também, a reforma parece não cumprir seus objetivos iniciais. Neste sentido, o artigo busca contribuir com a literatura em dois sentidos: a proposição de um modelo de análise das reformas de financiamento de campanhas e sua aplicação ao caso brasileiro. eleitorais geral específico públicas eou ou metodológicos policy cycle, cycle , cycle) 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4. 4 . (4) quantitativos empresariais E também iniciais sentido sentidos brasileiro (1 (2 (3 (4 (

Resumen La literatura sobre las reformas electorales, en general, y las reformas de la financiación de las campañas, en particular, se ha beneficiado poco de las aportaciones del campo del análisis de las políticas públicas. Ya sea en términos teóricos y/o metodológicos. Este artículo propone un modelo para analizar las reformas de la financiación de las campañas electorales basado en el concepto de ciclo de políticas (policy cycle), considerando cómo se forma la agenda sobre reformas (1); la toma de decisiones (2); la aplicación (3); y la evaluación (4). Utilizo este modelo para analizar empíricamente el caso de la regulación de la autofinanciación electoral en Brasil, empleando métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los resultados indican que la restricción de la autofinanciación en Brasil está asociada al mayor peso de este tipo de recursos en las campañas tras la prohibición de las donaciones empresariales. Y la reforma tampoco parece cumplir sus objetivos iniciales. En este sentido, el artículo pretende contribuir a la literatura de dos maneras: proponiendo un modelo para analizar las reformas de la financiación de las campañas y aplicándolo al caso brasileño. general particular públicas yo o metodológicos policy cycle, cycle , cycle) 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4. 4 . (4) cuantitativos empresariales iniciales sentido maneras brasileño (1 (2 (3 (4 (

ABSTRACT Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a spectroscopy technique widely used by chemists and physicists to determine the chemical structure of molecules that was adapted to generate imaging, known as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is widely used in medical diagnosis. The importance of NMR in chemistry, physics, medicine, materials, and agriculture has been recognized with several Nobel Prizes in Physics, 1952, Chemistry, 1991 and 2002, and Medicine in 2003. Therefore, NMR can be applied to obtain: i) imaging of the human body, animal and materials; ii) high-resolution spectra to obtain structural and dynamical information of chemicals, materials etc.; and iii) quantitative and qualitative information of chemical composition of products such as food and agricultural products, using low-resolution relaxometry. High-resolution NMR and MRI have been applied in agri-food products, mostly as a research tool as they typically rely on expensive and bulk instruments, which restrict their uses in routine applications. The NMR sensors that have been more frequently used in agri-food products are based on low-resolution or low-field or time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) instruments. These low-cost instruments have been used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of agri-food products such as intact seeds and grains, intact fruits, meat, oils, and processed foods. In this paper, an overview of the NMR techniques and its main instrumentation aspects are presented, and some applications of TD-NMR and MRI in the non-invasive analysis of food, seeds, and others agricultural products are discussed. (NMR MRI, , (MRI) diagnosis chemistry physics medicine Physics 1952 Chemistry 199 2002 2003 Therefore i body ii highresolution high resolution chemicals etc. etc iii lowresolution low relaxometry Highresolution High agrifood agri lowfield field timedomain time domain TDNMR TD (TD-NMR lowcost cost grains fruits meat oils foods paper presented noninvasive non invasive discussed (MRI 195 19 200 1 20 2

RESUMO A ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) é uma técnica de espectroscopia amplamente utilizada pelos químicos e físicos para determinar a estrutura química de moléculas que foi adaptada para gerar imagens, conhecidas como tomografia por imagem de ressonância magnética nuclear (IRM), amplamente utilizada em diagnóstico médico. A importância da RMN na química, física, medicina, materiais e agricultura tem sido reconhecida por vários Prémios Nobel de Física, 1952, Química, 1991 e 2002, e Medicina em 2003. Portanto, a RMN pode ser aplicada para obter: i) imagens do corpo humano, animais e materiais; ii) espectros de alta resolução para obtenção de informações estruturais e dinâmicas de produtos químicos, materiais etc.; e iii) obter informações quantitativas e qualitativas da composição química de alimentos, produtos agrícolas, utilizando relaxometria de baixa resolução. A IRM e a RMN de alta resolução tem sido aplicadas em produtos agroalimentares, principalmente na pesquisa, uma vez que normalmente dependem de instrumentos caros de grandes dimensões, o que restringe a sua utilização em aplicações rotineiras. Sensores de RMN que têm sido utilizados com mais frequência em produtos agroalimentares baseiam-se em instrumentos de baixa resolução ou de baixo campo ou domínio de tempo TD-NMR. Esses instrumentos de baixo custo tem sido utilizados para análises qualitativas e quantitativas de produtos agroalimentares, como sementes e grãos intactos, frutas intactas, carnes, óleos e alimentos processados. Neste artigo, é apresentada uma revisão das técnicas de RMN, seus principais aspectos da instrumentação, e discutidas algumas aplicações de TD-RMN e IRM na análise não invasiva de alimentos, sementes e outros produtos agrícolas. (RMN IRM, , (IRM) médico física medicina Física 1952 Química 199 2002 2003 Portanto i humano ii etc. etc iii agrícolas pesquisa dimensões rotineiras baseiamse baseiam se TDNMR. TDNMR TD NMR. NMR TD-NMR intactos intactas carnes processados artigo instrumentação TDRMN (IRM 195 19 200 1 20 2

The way Family Health teams work can encourage sharing between different fields of knowledge and the development of interprofessional collaborative practices. The objective was to understand how interprofessional collaborative practices are built in the work process in Family Health units. Exploratory, descriptive research, with quantitative and qualitative approaches, carried out with Family Health teams from 26 municipalities in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, using secondary data and semi-structured interviews. From the analysis, two thematic categories emerged: the development of interprofessional work and aspects related to the team. The construction of interprofessional collaborative practices permeates collective spaces in moments of professional integration. However, there are weaknesses arising from the fragmentation of professional practices and the lack of user-centeredness.

O modo de trabalhar das equipes de Saúde da Família pode favorecer o compartilhamento entre diferentes campos de saberes e o desenvolvimento de práticas colaborativas interprofissionais. Objetivou-se compreender como se dá a construção de práticas colaborativas interprofissionais no processo de trabalho em unidades de Saúde da Família (USF). Investigação exploratória, descritiva, com abordagens quantitativa e qualitativa, realizada com equipes de Saúde da Família de 26 municípios do interior paulista, utilizando dados secundários e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Da análise, emergiram duas categorias temáticas: o desenvolvimento do trabalho interprofissional e aspectos relacionados com a equipe. A construção das práticas colaborativas interprofissionais perpassa os espaços coletivos em momentos de integração dos profissionais. Porém, existem fragilidades decorrentes da fragmentação das práticas profissionais e da não centralidade no usuário.

El modo de trabajar de los equipos de Salud de la Familia puede favorecer la compartición entre diferentes campos de saberes y el desarrollo de prácticas colaborativas interprofesionales. El objetivo fue comprender cómo se realiza la construcción de prácticas colaborativas interprofesionales en el proceso de trabajo en unidades de Salud de la Familia. Una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, con abordajes cuantitativo y cualitativo, realizada con equipos de Salud de la Familia de 26 municipios del interior del Estado de São Paulo, utilizando datos secundarios y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Del análisis surgieron dos categorías temáticas: el desarrollo del trabajo interprofesional y aspectos relacionados con el equipo. La construcción de las prácticas colaborativas interprofesionales atraviesa los espacios colectivos, en momentos de integración de los profesionales. No obstante, hay fragilidades provenientes de la fragmentación de las prácticas profesionales y de la no centralidad en el usuario.

Resumen Marco contextual: La alfabetización en salud (AS) es la capacidad de una persona para obtener y traducir información con el fin de mantener y mejorar su salud. Objetivo: Caracterizar el nivel de AS de las personas ingresadas en un hospital oncológico; evaluar la fiabilidad del instrumento European Health Literacy Survey in Portuguese (HLS-EU-PT). Metodología: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo, descriptivo y metodológico. Muestra de 188 personas ingresadas en un servicio de cirugía oncológica entre mayo y septiembre de 2020, se recogieron datos mediante un formulario de caracterización sociodemográfica y de salud, y una herramienta de evaluación de AS. Resultados: El HLS-EU-PT mostró un alto nivel de consistencia interna. Todos los dominios y niveles de procesamiento del instrumento correlacionaron positivamente entre sí. Por término medio, los participantes tienen un nivel problemático de AS. Conclusión: Los resultados indican la necesidad de una mayor inversión en formación en AS. Son necesarios más estudios en esta y otras poblaciones, y en entornos sanitarios para orientar la práctica asistencial hacia una respuesta eficaz a los problemas de salud.

Resumo Enquadramento: A literacia em saúde (LS) é a capacidade da pessoa obter e traduzir informações a fim de manter e melhorar a saúde. Objetivo: Caracterizar o nível de LS da pessoa internada num hospital oncológico; avaliar a fiabilidade do instrumento European Health Literacy Survey in Portuguese (HLS-EU-PT). Metodologia: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, descritivo e metodológico. Amostra de 188 pessoas internados num serviço de cirurgia oncológica entre maio e setembro de 2020, os dados foram colhidos através de formulário de caracterização sociodemográfica, de saúde e instrumento de avaliação da LS. Resultados: O HLS-EU-PT apresentou elevado nível de consistência interna. Todos os domínios e níveis de processamento do instrumento se correlacionam positivamente entre si. Os participantes apresentam em média um nível problemático de LS. Conclusão: Os resultados indiciam a necessidade de um maior investimento na capacitação da LS. São necessários mais estudos nesta e noutras populações e contextos de prestação de cuidados de saúde, de forma a direcionar a prática de cuidados na resposta eficaz aos problemas de saúde.

Abstract Background: Health literacy (HL) is the ability of an individual to obtain and translate information in order to maintain and improve their health. Objective: To characterize the level of HL of patients admitted to an oncology hospital and assess the reliability of the Portuguese version of the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU-PT). Methodology: Cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive, and methodological study. Sample of 188 patients admitted to a surgical oncology unit between May and September 2020. Data were collected through a sociodemographic and health characterization form and a HL assessment tool. Results: The HLS-EU-PT had a high level of internal consistency. All domains and information-processing levels correlated positively with each other. Participants had on average a problematic level of HL. Conclusion: The results indicate the need for greater investment in HL training. Further studies are needed in this population and in other populations and healthcare settings to provide an effective response to health problems.

Resumen Marco contextual: Se ha reportado la participación de distracciones en errores clínicos y fallos de procedimiento. Objetivo: Analizar las distracciones del personal de enfermería durante la preparación y administración de fármacos de alto riesgo. Metodología: Estudio transversal desarrollado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos y una unidad de hospitalización. Se observaron distracciones del personal de enfermería durante el proceso de medicación a través de dos listas de control. La muestra fue seleccionada por conveniencia (abril-mayo 2019). Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva (IBM SPSS Statistics, versión 24.0). Los datos cualitativos se analizaron mediante análisis de contenido. Resultados: Hubo 137 distracciones en 193 procesos de medicación. La mayoría de las distracciones fueron iniciadas por otros miembros del equipo sanitario a través de conversaciones. La mayoría se produjeron en la fase de preparación y fueron negativas y se gestionaron mediante la estrategia multitarea. Conclusión: Las distracciones durante el proceso de medicación se referían principalmente a las comunicaciones profesionales y sociales. La importancia de esas distracciones variaba en función de la fase del proceso.

Resumo Enquadramento: Estudos indicam que as interrupções contribuem para erros clínicos e falhas em procedimentos. Objetivo: Analisar as interrupções vivenciadas pelos enfermeiros durante a preparação e administração de medicamentos de alto risco. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo transversal numa unidade de cuidados intensivos e numa unidade de internamento. As interrupções vivenciadas pelos enfermeiros durante o processo de medicação foram observadas com a ajuda de duas checklists. A amostra foi selecionada por conveniência em abril e maio de 2019. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados através de estatística descritiva no programa IBM SPSS Statistics, versão 24.0, enquanto os dados qualitativos foram tratados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Observaram-se 137 interrupções em 193 processos de medicação. A maioria das interrupções foi iniciada por outros membros da equipa de cuidados de saúde por meio de conversas. Estas interrupções foram maioritariamente prejudiciais e ocorreram durante a fase de preparação. A estratégia multitarefa foi utilizada para as gerir. Conclusão: As interrupções ocorridas durante o processo de medicação eram maioritariamente associadas com comunicações profissionais e sociais. A sua relevância diferiu consoante a fase do processo.

Abstract Background: Interruptions have been reported to contribute to clinical errors and procedural failures. Objective: To analyze the interruptions experienced by nurses during the preparation and administration of high-risk medications. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an intensive care and inpatient unit. The interruptions experienced by nurses during the medication process were observed through two checklists. The sample was selected by convenience in April-May 2019. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze quantitative data in IBM SPSS Statistics software, version 24.0, while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. Results: In 193 medication processes, there were 137 interruptions. Other members of the healthcare team initiated most interruptions through conversations. These interruptions were mostly negative and occurred during the preparation phase. The multitasking strategy was used to manage them. Conclusion: Interruptions during the medication process were primarily associated with professional and social communications. The impact of these interruptions varied depending on the phase of the process.