The ability to argue is essential for the education of students, as it is fundamental to the presentation of ideas on a given topic. Several methods have been proposed in studies that support the development of argumentation in different teaching contexts, such as the heuristic diagram. It allows the organization and recording of activities that enable critical reflection through the analysis of the language used to express ideas. In this perspective, the diagrams produced for solving problems in an experimental chemistry subject offered in an undergraduate chemistry course were analyzed. Toulmin’s argument pattern was used as a basis to identify the structure of the arguments produced, and then, the quality of the arguments was evaluated. The results of the analysis showed a principle of progress in the argumentative capacity of undergraduates with the development of activities, verified by the presence of elements in students’ texts that, when present, validate an argument. Thus, the results can contribute to other researches in the field of chemical education by favoring a teaching process that considers the development of initial argumentative ability in the formation of students. students topic contexts diagram perspective analyzed Toulmins Toulmin s then evaluated present Thus

Abstract Differences in skills among graduates form the key explanation of meritocratic approaches to the unequal results observed in the labor market. In this study, we use data from Enade (2009-2011) and Rais (2013-2015) to analyze to what extent qualitative dimensions of higher education, including training quality, can structure formal employment and wages four years after graduation. The main result indicates the significance of the skills measured for the occupational destination of graduates, but also that the dichotomy between formal-informal employment does not seem to apply to the upper strata of the workforce: graduates with a privileged social background and high professional qualification in technically intensive areas tend to remain out of formal employment after graduation, which seems to be aggravated by deteriorating employment conditions in occupations that require higher education. Although skills matter for the transition between higher education and the labor market, we found evidence of the persistence of processes of social reproduction and social closure by diploma. market study 20092011 2009 2011 (2009-2011 20132015 2013 2015 (2013-2015 quality graduation formalinformal informal workforce diploma 2009201 200 201 (2009-201 2013201 (2013-201 200920 20 (2009-20 201320 (2013-20 20092 2 (2009-2 20132 (2013-2 (2009- (2013- (2009 (2013 (200 (201 (20 (2 (

Résumé différences de compétences entre les diplômés constituent l’explication clé des approches méritocratiques aux résultats inégaux observés sur le marché du travail. Dans cette étude, nous utilisons les données d’Enade (2009-2011) et de Rais (2013-2015) pour analyser dans quelle mesure les dimensions qualitatives de l’enseignement supérieur, y compris la qualité de la formation, ont une capacité distinctes de structurer l’emploi formel et les salaires quatre ans après l’obtention du diplôme. Le principal résultat indique la pertinence des compétences mesurées pour la destination professionnelle des diplômés, mais aussi que la dichotomie entre l’emploi formel et informel ne s’applique pas aux couches supérieures de la population active : Les diplômés d’origine sociale privilégiée et de haute qualification professionnelle dans les domaines techniquement intensifs ont tendance à rester en dehors de l’emploi formel après l’obtention de leur diplôme, ce qui semble aggravé par des conditions de détérioration de l’emploi dans les professions de niveau supérieur. Bien que les compétences importent pour la transition entre l’enseignement supérieur et le marché du travail, nous avons trouvé des preuves de la persistance des processus de reproduction sociale et de fermeture sociale par diplôme. lexplication l explication travail étude dEnade d Enade 20092011 2009 2011 (2009-2011 20132015 2013 2015 (2013-2015 lenseignement enseignement formation lemploi emploi lobtention obtention diplôme sapplique s applique dorigine origine 2009201 200 201 (2009-201 2013201 (2013-201 200920 20 (2009-20 201320 (2013-20 20092 2 (2009-2 20132 (2013-2 (2009- (2013- (2009 (2013 (200 (201 (20 (2 (

Resumo As diferenças de habilidades entre graduados compõem a explicação chave das abordagens meritocráticas para os resultados desiguais observados no mercado de trabalho. Neste estudo, utilizamos dados do Enade (2009-2011) e da Rais (2013-2015) para analisar em que medida dimensões qualitativas da educação superior, incluindo a qualidade da formação, têm capacidades distintas de estruturar o emprego formal e os salários quatro anos após a graduação. O principal resultado indica a relevância das habilidades mensuradas para o destino ocupacional dos graduados, mas também que a dicotomia entre o emprego formal-informal não se aplica aos estratos superiores da força de trabalho: os graduados com origem social privilegiada e elevada qualificação profissional em áreas tecnicamente intensivas tendem a permanecer fora do emprego formal após a graduação, o que parece agravado por condições de deterioração do emprego em ocupações de nível superior. Embora as habilidades importem para a transição entre educação superior e mercado de trabalho, encontramos evidências de persistência de processos de reprodução social e fechamento social por diploma. trabalho estudo 20092011 2009 2011 (2009-2011 20132015 2013 2015 (2013-2015 formação graduação formalinformal informal diploma 2009201 200 201 (2009-201 2013201 (2013-201 200920 20 (2009-20 201320 (2013-20 20092 2 (2009-2 20132 (2013-2 (2009- (2013- (2009 (2013 (200 (201 (20 (2 (

Resumen Las diferencias de competencias entre los titulados constituyen la explicación clave de los enfoques meritocráticos para los resultados desiguales observados en el mercado laboral. En este estudio, utilizamos datos de Enade (2009-2011) y Rais (2013-2015) para analizar en qué medida las dimensiones cualitativas de la educación superior, incluida la calidad de la formación, tienen diferentes capacidades para estructurar el empleo formal y los salarios cuatro años después de la graduación. El principal resultado indica la pertinencia de las competencias medidas para el destino profesional de los titulados, pero también que la dicotomía entre empleo formal e informal no se aplica a los estratos superiores de la población activa: los titulados procedentes de medios sociales privilegiados con altas cualificaciones profesionales en ámbitos técnicamente intensivos tienden a permanecer fuera del empleo formal tras su titulación, lo que parece agravarse por las condiciones de deterioro del empleo en las ocupaciones de nivel superior. Aunque las competencias son importantes para la transición entre la enseñanza superior y el mercado laboral, encontramos pruebas de la persistencia de procesos de reproducción social y de cierre social a través de los diplomas. laboral estudio 20092011 2009 2011 (2009-2011 20132015 2013 2015 (2013-2015 formación graduación activa titulación diplomas 2009201 200 201 (2009-201 2013201 (2013-201 200920 20 (2009-20 201320 (2013-20 20092 2 (2009-2 20132 (2013-2 (2009- (2013- (2009 (2013 (200 (201 (20 (2 (

Abstract Purpose: To describe the participatory process of community monitoring using aquatic insects as a tool to assess environmental quality in Cuitzmala y Purificacion basins. Methodological design: A participatory environmental monitoring model is proposed, which involves key actors, covering the upper, middle and lower part of each basin. A workshop was designed in appropriate way to the context of local actors and basin characteristics. The workshop consisted of four stages, involving theory and practice. Field diary was developed thought descriptive notes about what is seen and doing the participants. Results: Six community groups were formed, five in schools and one a Citizen Environmental Committee. Most participants found the workshop beneficial and expressed a desire for an increased number of monitoring sessions and additional monitoring sites. Participants successfully assessed their river section using aquatic insects, and it is recommended to provide technical support to strengthen monitoring skills and long-term monitoring. Research limitations: Still this action is considered an extracurricular activity. For this reason, is necessary work with professor to integrate these activities in the education program of the schools. Findings: Aquatic insects community monitoring strength and complement the scientific monitoring. The methodology used can be replicated in other coastal basins.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir el proceso participativo para el monitoreo comunitario a fin de evaluar la calidad ambiental de los ríos de las cuencas Cuitzmala y Purificación mediante un índice biótico multimétrico con insectos acuáticos previamente desarrollado para esta región. Diseño metodológico: Se propone un modelo de proceso participativo para el monitoreo ambiental. Con actores clave se seleccionaron localidades que abarcaron parte alta, media y baja de cada cuenca. Se diseñó un taller con base en protocolos para monitoreo, adecuado al contexto de las cuencas y actores elegidos. El taller consistió en cuatro etapas, en las que se capacitó con teoría y práctica. En un diario de campo se tomaron notas descriptivas respecto a lo que dijeron e hicieron los participantes. Resultados: Se conformaron seis grupos comunitarios, en cinco escuelas, y un Comité Ciudadano Ambiental. A la mayoría de los participantes les pareció bien el taller y les gustaría ampliar el número de monitoreos y los sitios a monitorear. Los participantes lograron evaluar su tramo de río con los insectos acuáticos y recomendaron continuar el acompañamiento técnico para fortalecer sus habilidades y asegurar el monitoreo a largo plazo. Limitaciones de la investigación: Aún esta actividad es considerada como extracurricular, por lo que es necesario trabajar con los docentes para que quede integrada en las materias del programa curricular de cada grado. Hallazgos: El monitoreo comunitario de los insectos acuáticos fortalece y complementa al monitoreo científico. Esta metodología puede ser replicada en otras cuencas costeras.

Abstract Purpose: To describe the participatory process of community monitoring using aquatic insects as a tool to assess environmental quality in Cuitzmala y Purificacion basins. Methodological design: A participatory environmental monitoring model is proposed, which involves key actors, covering the upper, middle and lower part of each basin. A workshop was designed in appropriate way to the context of local actors and basin characteristics. The workshop consisted of four stages, involving theory and practice. Field diary was developed thought descriptive notes about what is seen and doing the participants. Results: Six community groups were formed, five in schools and one a Citizen Environmental Committee. Most participants found the workshop beneficial and expressed a desire for an increased number of monitoring sessions and additional monitoring sites. Participants successfully assessed their river section using aquatic insects, and it is recommended to provide technical support to strengthen monitoring skills and long-term monitoring. Research limitations: Still this action is considered an extracurricular activity. For this reason, is necessary work with professor to integrate these activities in the education program of the schools. Findings: Aquatic insects community monitoring strength and complement the scientific monitoring. The methodology used can be replicated in other coastal basins.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir el proceso participativo para el monitoreo comunitario a fin de evaluar la calidad ambiental de los ríos de las cuencas Cuitzmala y Purificación mediante un índice biótico multimétrico con insectos acuáticos previamente desarrollado para esta región. Diseño metodológico: Se propone un modelo de proceso participativo para el monitoreo ambiental. Con actores clave se seleccionaron localidades que abarcaron parte alta, media y baja de cada cuenca. Se diseñó un taller con base en protocolos para monitoreo, adecuado al contexto de las cuencas y actores elegidos. El taller consistió en cuatro etapas, en las que se capacitó con teoría y práctica. En un diario de campo se tomaron notas descriptivas respecto a lo que dijeron e hicieron los participantes. Resultados: Se conformaron seis grupos comunitarios, en cinco escuelas, y un Comité Ciudadano Ambiental. A la mayoría de los participantes les pareció bien el taller y les gustaría ampliar el número de monitoreos y los sitios a monitorear. Los participantes lograron evaluar su tramo de río con los insectos acuáticos y recomendaron continuar el acompañamiento técnico para fortalecer sus habilidades y asegurar el monitoreo a largo plazo. Limitaciones de la investigación: Aún esta actividad es considerada como extracurricular, por lo que es necesario trabajar con los docentes para que quede integrada en las materias del programa curricular de cada grado. Hallazgos: El monitoreo comunitario de los insectos acuáticos fortalece y complementa al monitoreo científico. Esta metodología puede ser replicada en otras cuencas costeras.

Abstract: The bioclimatic quality of three buildings by architect Gilberto Gatto Sobral at Universidad Central del Ecuador was evaluated with two objectives: to find problems that might affect users’ health and productivity, and to establish if climate had a significant role in the design of these buildings The buildings included two faculties: Law and Economics, and the General Administration. Bioclimatic quality was established by comparing existing levels of temperature, relative humidity, and natural light against comfort standards and the local climate. Data were measured over two years in space samples using data loggers. It was concluded that all buildings have spaces outside of comfort being too cold and dark; and climate played a minor role because despite attempts to control natural light, the thermal behavior of materials and the sun's apparent movement were ignored.

Resumen: Se hizo una evaluación de la calidad bioclimática de tres edificios del arquitecto Gilberto Gatto Sobral en la Universidad Central del Ecuador con dos objetivos: encontrar evidencia sobre posibles problemas en los espacios que podrían afectar la salud y productividad de sus usuarios, y determinar si el clima tuvo un papel significativo en el diseño de estos edificios. Los edificios eran dos facultades: Jurisprudencia y Economía, y la Administración General. La calidad bioclimática se estableció a través de la comparación de los niveles existentes de temperatura, humedad relativa y luz natural contra estándares de confort y el clima local. Los datos fueron medidos en muestras de espacios usando data-loggers. Se concluyó que todos los edificios tienen espacios fuera del confort siendo demasiado fríos y oscuros; y el clima tuvo un rol menor debido a que se ignoró el comportamiento térmico de los materiales y el movimiento aparente del sol, pero se intentó controlar la luz natural.

Abstract Introduction: The malnutrition-inflammation process is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), influencing quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify the inflammatory and nutritional status of elderly hemodialysis (HD) and its association with quality of life. Methods: This study was carried out in health services in three different cities. The Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (MIS) was used to assess the inflammatory and nutritional status, with anthropometric measurements, protein status, lean mass and function. The quality of life was assessed using KDQOL-SFTM. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis and the Poisson model to evaluate the factors that increased the risk of developing malnutrition and inflammation. Results: The MIS identified a 52.2% prevalence of malnutrition and inflammation in the population. In univariate analysis, most KDQOL-SFTM domains presented higher scores for nourished elderly. Anthropometric measures associated with muscle mass and functionality were lower in the malnourished elderly. Multivariate modeling revealed a higher nutritional risk of 50.6% for women and older age, since with each additional year of life the risk of malnutrition increased by 2.4% and by 0.4% with each additional month on HD. Greater arm muscle circumference (AMC) and higher serum albumin were factors for reducing malnutrition by 4.6% and 34.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Higher serum albumin and preserved AMC have been shown to be good indicators of better nutritional status. Higher MIS was associated with poorer quality of life, older age, lower income and education, longer time on dialysis, and presence of comorbidities. Introduction malnutritioninflammation CKD, CKD , (CKD) HD (HD Methods cities MalnutritionInflammation Malnutrition Inflammation (MIS measurements function KDQOLSFTM. KDQOLSFTM KDQOL SFTM. SFTM Results 522 52 2 52.2 population 506 50 6 50.6 age 24 4 2.4 04 0 0.4 (AMC 46 4.6 347 34 7 34.7% respectively Conclusion education dialysis comorbidities (CKD 5 52. 50. 2. 0. 4. 3 34.7 34.

Resumo Introdução: O processo de desnutrição-inflamação é uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade em pacientes com DRC, influenciando a qualidade de vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o estado inflamatório e nutricional de idosos em hemodiálise (HD) e sua associação com qualidade de vida. Métodos: Estudo realizado em serviços de saúde de três cidades diferentes. O Escore de Desnutrição-Inflamação (MIS, por sua sigla em inglês) foi utilizado para avaliar estado inflamatório e nutricional, com medidas antropométricas, estado proteico, massa magra e funcionalidade. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada com KDQOL-SFTM. Os dados foram analisados utilizando análise multivariada e modelo de Poisson para avaliar fatores que aumentaram o risco de desenvolver desnutrição e inflamação. Resultados: O MIS identificou prevalência de 52,2% de desnutrição e inflamação na população. Na análise univariada, a maioria dos domínios do KDQOL-SFTM apresentou escores maiores para idosos nutridos. Medidas antropométricas associadas à massa muscular e funcionalidade foram menores em idosos desnutridos. A modelagem multivariada revelou maior risco nutricional de 50,6% para mulheres e idosos pois o risco de desnutrição aumentou em 2,4% para cada ano adicional de vida e em 0,4% para cada mês adicional de HD. Maior circunferência muscular do braço (CMB) e maior albumina sérica foram fatores de redução da desnutrição em 4,6% e 34,7%, respectivamente. Conclusão: Demonstrou-se que albumina sérica mais elevada e CMB preservada são bons indicadores de melhor estado nutricional. Maior MIS foi associado a pior qualidade de vida, idade mais avançada, menor renda e escolaridade, maior tempo em diálise e presença de comorbidades. Introdução desnutriçãoinflamação DRC HD (HD Métodos diferentes DesnutriçãoInflamação Desnutrição Inflamação MIS, (MIS inglês proteico KDQOLSFTM. KDQOLSFTM KDQOL SFTM. SFTM Resultados 522 52 2 52,2 população univariada nutridos desnutridos 506 50 6 50,6 24 4 2,4 04 0 0,4 (CMB 46 4,6 347 34 7 34,7% respectivamente Conclusão Demonstrouse Demonstrou se avançada escolaridade comorbidades 5 52, 50, 2, 0, 4, 3 34,7 34,

Abstract In 2017, Decree 1421 was issued in Colombia, according to which all schools in the country were to welcome students with disabilities and offer them quality opportunities for their entry, permanence and graduation. The Ministry of Education (MEN, 2017a) gave a deadline of five years for this policy to be implemented in the national territory, counted from its approval. The objective of this research is to characterize the pedagogical practices, knowledge and institutional conditions (pedagogical and administrative type) in which a sample of Colombian teachers work, six years after the decree was issued. For this purpose, a transectional non-experimental quantitative design was used and a scale was applied to 249 teachers of early childhood education, elementary school, junior high school and vocational middle school. Based on the findings obtained, it can be concluded that there is a positive change in the pedagogical practices and knowledge of those teachers who have training in inclusion and who work in private schools that receive students with these life trajectories. Even so, the institutional conditions of the teachers surveyed still do not respond to inclusive institutional projects. Since, at the time of writing this paper, we did not find other similar studies in the country, these results are discussed in the light of international research on the subject and in the framework of national policy, and allow extrapolating the challenges faced by the Colombian educational system in welcoming students with disabilities.

Resumen En 2017 se expidió en Colombia el decreto 1421, según el cual todas las escuelas del país debían acoger estudiantes con discapacidad y ofrecerles oportunidades de calidad para su ingreso, permanencia y egreso. El Ministerio de Educación dio un plazo de cinco años, contados a partir de su aprobación, para que esta política se implementara en todo el territorio nacional. El objetivo de esta investigación es caracterizar las prácticas pedagógicas, los conocimientos y las condiciones institucionales (de tipo pedagógico-administrativo), en las que labora una muestra de docentes colombianos, seis años después de expedido el decreto. Para ello, se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo no experimental transeccional y la aplicación de una escala a 249 maestros y maestras de distintos niveles educativos. Con base en los hallazgos obtenidos, puede concluirse que hay un cambio positivo en las prácticas pedagógicas y los conocimientos de aquellos docentes que cuentan con formación en inclusión y que laboran en colegios que acogen alumnado con estas trayectorias de vida. Aun así, las condiciones institucionales del profesorado encuestado todavía no responden a proyectos inclusivos. Estos resultados se discuten a la luz de los retos que enfrenta el sistema educativo colombiano en pro de atender alumnado con discapacidad.

Resumen: La pandemia por COVID-19 influyó en el proceso de educación superior generando una transición entre la modalidad presencial a la modalidad en línea-emergente en la que se identificaron varias dificultades para el acceso debido a la inequidad, problemas tecnológicos, crisis de salud y económica a nivel mundial, y en Ecuador a nivel de docentes y estudiantes. El descubrimiento de conocimiento en bases de datos de KDD - Educacional, el análisis de técnicas de minería de datos de clasificación y agrupación, y el complemento de análisis de datos con la inteligencia de negocios determinaron los factores desde la perspectiva de la institución, del docente y de los estudiantes que inciden en el proceso de educación en línea, donde se demuestra además, la importancia del modelo de educación, la metodología del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, el entorno de aprendizaje y el bienestar de los docentes y estudiantes que garantizan una educación superior en línea de calidad con igualdad de oportunidades en el acceso.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted higher education, forcing a rapid transition from face-to-face modality to the emerging online learning modality. This transition exposed several challenges, including, inequitable access to technology, global health and economic crisis, and specific difficulties faced by both teachers and students in Ecuador. Knowledge discovery in KDD - Educational databases, the analysis of classification and clustering data mining techniques and the complement of data analysis with business intelligence determined the factors from the perspective of the institution, teachers and students that influence the online education process. In addition, the importance of the education model, the teaching-learning process methodology, the learning environment, and the well-being of teachers and students that guarantee quality online higher education with equal access opportunities is demonstrated.

Resumo: Introdução: A warfarina é um dos medicamentos mais prescritos para o tratamento e prevenção de doenças tromboembólicas. O benefício na prevenção de eventos trombóticos e na redução da mortalidade está amplamente documentado. No entanto, problemas de segurança limitaram seu uso. O acompanhamento dos pacientes, com atenção especial à informação e educação sobre suas patologias, hábitos saudáveis, adesão ao tratamento e compreensão dos riscos, é fundamental para o alcance de bons resultados, reduzindo a morbimortalidade e internações. Informações sobre o perfil de segurança e a qualidade da anticoagulação em um programa de intervenção educacional são escassas no Uruguai. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o efeito de um plano de intervenção educacional aprimorado com assistência farmacêutica (IEPAF) , na qualidade da anticoagulação com warfarina em pacientes ambulatoriais na unidade multidisciplinar de insuficiência cardíaca (UMIC), e comparar a eficácia e segurança de tratamento e avaliar a utilidade do escore SAMeTT2R2. Metodologia: Ensaio clínico randomizado. Pacientes em acompanhamento em UMIC em tratamento com warfarina foram recrutados e randomizados para controle médico usual versus controle médico com ajustes de dose de acordo com protocolo estabelecido, além IEPAF. Resultados: Após 24 meses de seguimento, ambos os grupos mantiveram um bom nível de anticoagulação, com tempo na faixa terapêutica (TTR) de 83,15% e 83,80% para os grupos controle e intervenção, respectivamente. A intervenção educacional aprimorada e o protocolo de ajuste de dose de warfarina forneceram resultados comparáveis ao monitoramento de anticoagulação convencional. Conclusões: O IEPAF com assistência farmacêutica promoveu resultado comparável em segurança, eficácia e adesão em relação ao acompanhamento convencional. Ambos os grupos alcançaram um excelente nível de anticoagulação avaliado pela TTR. Da análise post hoc emerge uma associação estatisticamente significativa dos valores 4 e 6 do SAMeTT2R2 com a ocorrência de eventos, com risco relativo 5 vezes maior para o sexo feminino.

Resumen: Introducción: La warfarina es uno de los medicamentos más prescritos en el tratamiento y prevención de enfermedades tromboembólicas. El beneficio en la prevención de eventos trombóticos y en la reducción de la mortalidad está ampliamente documentado. Sin embargo, los aspectos relacionados con la seguridad han limitado su uso. El acompañamiento de pacientes, con especial atención en la información y educación sobre sus patologías, hábitos saludables, cumplimiento de tratamientos y comprensión de riesgos, es fundamental para conseguir buenos resultados, disminuyendo la morbi-mortalidad y las internaciones. La información respecto al perfil de seguridad y la calidad de la anticoagulación bajo un programa de intervención educativa es escasa en Uruguay. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el efecto de un plan de intervención educativa potenciada con atención farmacéutica (IEPAF), sobre la calidad de anticoagulación con warfarina de pacientes ambulatorios de la unidad multidisciplinaria de insuficiencia cardíaca (UMIC), comparar la efectividad y seguridad del tratamiento, y evaluar la utilidad del score SAMeTT2R2. Metodología: Ensayo clínico randomizado. Se reclutaron pacientes en seguimiento en la UMIC tratados con warfarina y se randomizaron a control médico habitual vs control médico con ajustes de dosis según un protocolo establecido, más IEPAF. Resultados: Luego de 24 meses de seguimiento, ambos grupos mantuvieron buen nivel de anticoagulación, con tiempo en rango terapéutico (TTR) de 83,15% y 83,80% para grupo control e intervención respectivamente. La intervención educativa potenciada y el protocolo de ajuste de dosis de warfarina, aportó un resultado equiparable al seguimiento convencional de la anticoagulación. Conclusiones: La IEPAF promovió un resultado equiparable en seguridad, efectividad y adherencia con respecto al seguimiento convencional. Ambos grupos lograron un excelente nivel de anticoagulación evaluado por TTR. Del análisis post hoc surge una asociación estadísticamente significativa de los valores de SAMeTT2R2 4 y 6, con la aparición de eventos, con un riesgo relativo 5 veces mayor para el sexo femenino.

Abstract: Introduction: Warfarin is one of the most prescribed drugs for the treatment and prevention of thromboembolic diseases. The benefit of the prevention of thrombotic events and the reduction of mortality is widely documented. However, security issues have limited its use. Monitoring patients, with special attention to information and education about their pathologies, healthy habits, compliance with treatment, and understanding of risks, is essential to achieve good results, reducing morbidity, mortality and hospitalizations. Information regarding anticoagulation’s safety profile and quality under an educational intervention program is scarce in Uruguay. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of an enhanced educational intervention plan with pharmaceutical care (IEPAF), on the quality of anticoagulation with warfarin in outpatients in the multidisciplinary heart failure unit (UMIC), and to compare the effectiveness and safety of treatment, and to evaluate the usefulness of the SAMeTT2R2 score. Methodology: Randomized clinical trial. Patients under follow-up in UMIC treated with warfarin were recruited and randomized to usual medical control vs medical control with dose adjustments according to an established protocol, plus enhanced educational intervention IEPAF. Results: After 24 months of follow-up, both groups maintained a good level of anticoagulation, with time in therapeutic range (TTR) of 83,15% and 83,80% for the control and intervention groups, respectively. The enhanced educational intervention and the warfarin dose adjustment protocol provided results comparable to conventional anticoagulation monitoring. Conclusions: The IEPAF with pharmaceutical care promoted a comparable result in safety, effectiveness, and adherence concerning conventional follow-up. Both groups achieved an excellent level of anticoagulation as assessed by TTR. From the post hoc analysis, a statistically significant association of SAMeTT2R2 values 4 and 6 emerges with events, with a relative risk 5 times greater for the female sex.

Abstract: This study proposes a model to evaluate the impact of a quality management system on the processes linked to teaching and learning in students recently graduated from the Faculty of Engineering at the Autonomous University of Baja California (Mexico). The perceptions of youth about the influence of processes directly related to their learning are gathered by using an online survey. The survey is evaluated by experts in academic areas and with experience implementing a quality system in the educational field. The sample consists of 82 participants at the end of the 2023-1 cycle. The results highlight a positive influence on student training and reveal areas for improvement to enrich future educational experience. It is concluded that this analysis allows identifying risks in quality management, opening the way to continuous improvement.

Resumen: Este estudio propone un modelo para evaluar el impacto de un sistema de gestión de calidad en los procesos vinculados con la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en estudiantes recién egresados de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (México). Se recogen las percepciones de los jóvenes sobre la influencia de los procesos directamente relacionados con su aprendizaje utilizando una encuesta en línea. La encuesta es evaluada por expertos en áreas académicas y con experiencia en implementación de un sistema de calidad en el ámbito educativo. La muestra es de 82 participantes al final del ciclo 2023-1. Los resultados destacan una influencia positiva en la formación estudiantil y señalan áreas de mejora para enriquecer la experiencia educativa futura. Se concluye que este análisis permite identificar riesgos en la gestión de calidad, abriendo camino a la mejora continua.

Abstract: The present study examines the practices promoting self-regulated learning of university professors who teach basic sciences and social sciences courses in Chile, Argentina, and Cuba. The methodology applies a quantitative approach with a non-experimental cross-sectional design and descriptive-correlational design of variables. The sample consists of 299 university professors from Chile (41.1%), Argentina (31.1%), and Cuba (27.8%), with 18.8 years on average of university teaching experience. The results show that the basic sciences teaching group declares self-efficacy, knowledge, and beliefs to a lesser extent than social sciences professors, but this does not influence the practices of promoting self-regulation of learning. In conclusion, the variables are related to each other and the ones with the greatest effect are beliefs and teaching experience, the latter independent of the professor's country of origin.

Resumen: En el presente estudio se analizan las prácticas de promoción de la autorregulación del aprendizaje (ARA) de docentes universitarios que imparten clases a carreras de ciencias básicas y ciencias sociales en Chile, Argentina y Cuba. La metodología tiene un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental transversal y diseño descriptivo-correlacional de las variables. La muestra consiste de 299 docentes universitarios de Chile (41.1%), Argentina (31.1%) y Cuba (27.8%), con un promedio de 18.8 años de experiencia ejerciendo docencia universitaria. Los resultados muestran que el grupo docente de ciencias básicas declara en menor medida autoeficacia, conocimiento y creencias que docentes de ciencias sociales, pero esto no influye sobre las prácticas de promoción de la autorregulación del aprendizaje. En conclusión, las variables se relacionan entre sí y las que tienen mayor efecto son las creencias y experiencia docente, esta última independiente del país de origen de los docentes.

The water resources within the lower section of the Upper Vaal catchment, where the Vaal Barrage is situated, are highly utilised and developed, and water quality regulation has become a contested space between resource users and the regulators. The credibility and scientific defensibility of discharge standards in water-use licences (WULs), the relationship between upstream and downstream waste loads, the relationship between flows and water quality standards in WUL, and the water quality components of the resource quality objectives (RQOs) are being contested. This study explores the perceptions and motivations underlying these contestations as a contribution to scientific understanding of water quality management in a highly developed system. Perceived unrealistic RQOs, perceived lack of scientific credibility of the methods for deriving water quality standards in WUL, data inadequacy, as well as poor institutional capacity were identified as the top motivations for contesting applicable regulatory instruments in the catchment. Punitive measures, incentives, and education and awareness-raising were identified as key to accelerating compliance. Overall, this paper contributes to our general understanding of the intricacies of water quality management within a contested space. SIGNIFICANCE: Water quality management in South Africa is increasingly becoming a contested space, particularly in catchments that are highly developed and utilised. The findings in this study imply that (1) there is a need for a multi-pronged approach to increase water quality compliance, (2) there is a need for trust within the regulatory system to foster confidence among actors and stakeholders, and (3) transparent, open processes and scientifically credible and defensible methods, and data are needed for deriving standards in water-use licences (WULs).

SUMMARY: The denomination of the "ulna" bone as "cubitus" bone is an error in terminology still observed in anatomy study texts and Chilean school textbooks, even though the term ulna was established as the official term in the 20th century. This problem is a reflection of the slow progressive change in academic communities and the population in general, through the traditional transfer of knowledge. Scientific dissemination allows for accelerating such a process, and in recent years, it has been enhanced through social networks and virtual platforms such as TikTok. Few studies relate the use of TikTok with anatomical learning. This research describes school students' perception of an informative video on correctly using the term "ulna." It analyzes the possible scope as a complementary activity to anatomical teaching for the school community and society. A TikTok video was developed and published four months before showing it to 17 11th-grade students from Viña del Mar, and then they were asked to complete a perception survey. In addition, statistical data provided by the TikTok platform itself was recorded. The results revealed a favorable reception of the informative content among the participating students, with a high percentage expressing total or partial agreement in all the statements evaluated (up to 82.4 %). The metrics delivered by the platform show an international reach, the main viewers being people from Chile (35.5 %), Mexico (25.3 %), and Colombia (7.2 %). Among the aspects mentioned by the students that need improvement, are the quality of visual editing and the fluency of the explanation. Given the positive perception obtained from the video, we consider that using these complementary tools can improve human anatomy's teaching and learning processes and broaden our practices' impact on the educational community and society.

RESUMEN: La denominación del hueso "ulna" como hueso "cúbito" es un error de terminología aún observado en textos de estudio de anatomía y en textos escolares chilenos, pese a que desde el siglo XX se ha establecido el término ulna como el oficial. Esto refleja la lentitud del proceso de cambio en las comunidades académicas y en la población general mediante la transmisión tradicional de conocimientos. La divulgación científica permite acelerar dicho proceso, y en los últimos años se ha potenciado por medio de redes sociales y plataformas virtuales como TikTok. Existen pocos estudios que relacionan el uso de TikTok con el aprendizaje anatómico. Esta investigación describe la percepción de estudiantes escolares frente a un vídeo divulgativo sobre el correcto uso del término "ulna" y analiza los posibles alcances como actividad complementaria de la enseñanza anatómica hacia la comunidad escolar y la sociedad. Se desarrolló un vídeo de TikTok publicado 4 meses antes de mostrarlo a 17 estudiantes de 3° de enseñanza secundaria, y luego se les solicitó completar una encuesta de percepción. Además, se registraron datos estadísticos entregados por la misma plataforma. Los resultados obtenidos revelan una favorable acogida del contenido divulgativo entre los estudiantes participantes, con un alto porcentaje expresando acuerdo total o parcial en todas las afirmaciones evaluadas (hasta un 82,4 %). Las métricas entregadas por la plataforma demuestran un alcance internacional, siendo los principales espectadores personas de Chile (35,5 %), México (25,3 %) y Colombia (7,2 %). Entre los aspectos a mejorar mencionados por los estudiantes está la calidad de edición visual y la fluidez de la explicación. Dada la positiva percepción obtenida frente al vídeo, consideramos que usar estas herramientas complementarias puede mejorar los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la anatomía humana y ampliar el impacto de nuestras prácticas en la comunidad educativa y la sociedad.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between bone mineral density, vitamin D level, and sleep quality in female patients with osteoporosis. METHODS: This descriptive correlational study included a total of 318 women diagnosed with osteoporosis. The data were collected using a patient identification form, including items for the plasma vitamin D level and bone mineral density score obtained by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry method, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. RESULTS: The mean age of the women was 56.49±5.68 years, and their femoral neck T mean score, an indicator of bone mineral density, was −2.94±0.31. Only 6.3% of the women had adequate vitamin D levels. In addition, according to their Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, 85.8% of the women had poor sleep quality. In the study, no significant difference was found between the women's bone mineral densities and vitamin D levels according to sleep quality (p>0.05). However, there was a weak negative correlation between the duration of osteoporosis, body mass index, and sleep quality (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: There was no association between the vitamin D level, bone mineral density, and sleep quality, but the duration of osteoporosis was negatively associated with sleep quality. Accordingly, it may be recommended to provide education and counseling to postmenopausal women diagnosed with osteoporosis on issues such as sunbathing, vitamin D and calcium preparation intake, weight control, and non-pharmacological treatment approaches by making necessary individual-specific plans to improve sleep quality. OBJECTIVE METHODS 31 form dualenergy dual energy Xray X ray method RESULTS 5649568 56 49 5 68 56.49±5.6 years 294031 2 94 0 −2.94±0.31 63 6 3 6.3 addition scores 858 85 8 85.8 womens s p>0.05. p005 p p>0.05 . 05 (p>0.05) However index p<0.05. p<0.05 (p<0.05) CONCLUSION Accordingly sunbathing intake control nonpharmacological non pharmacological individualspecific individual specific 564956 4 56.49±5. 29403 9 −2.94±0.3 6. 85. p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 p<0.0 (p<0.05 56495 56.49±5 2940 −2.94±0. p0 p>0. (p>0.0 p<0. (p<0.0 5649 56.49± 294 −2.94±0 p>0 (p>0. p<0 (p<0. 564 56.49 29 −2.94± p> (p>0 p< (p<0 56.4 −2.94 (p> (p< 56. −2.9 (p −2. −2 −

Abstract: This paper analyzes the ethical aspects related to telemedicine. A literature search on the topic was conducted, based on a systematic review of the specific ethical aspects of telemedicine using thirteen articles selected from the Web of Science and PubMed databases. The findings were grouped into the following categories: access; principles; quality of care; privacy, confidentiality, cybersecurity; commercialization, conflict of interest; trust and doctor-patient relationship; education, training and licensing; professional malpractice, telenegligence; virtual prescription of medications; shared decisions, patient empowerment; informed consent; governance and policies. The ethical aspects of telemedicine are important not only for adequate health care, but also for the construction of adequate public policies.

Resumen: Este trabajo analiza los aspectos éticos relacionados con telemedicina. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura sobre el tema, basada en una revisión sistemática de los aspectos éticos específicos, utilizando trece artículos seleccionados de las bases de datos Web of Science y PubMed. Los hallazgos se agruparon en las siguientes categorías: acceso; principios; calidad de atención; privacidad, confidencialidad, ciberseguridad; comercialización, conflicto de interés; confianza y relación médico-paciente; educación, entrenamiento y licenciamiento; mala práctica profesional, telenegligencia; prescripción virtual de medicamentos; decisiones compartidas, empoderamiento de pacientes; consentimiento informado; gobernanza y políticas. Los aspectos éticos de la telemedicina son importantes no solo para una adecuada atención de salud, sino también para la construcción de políticas públicas adecuadas.

Resumo: Este trabalho analisa os aspectos éticos relacionados com telemedicina. Realizou-se um levantamento da literatura sobre o tema, baseado em uma revisão sistemática dos aspectos éticos específicos, utilizando treze artigos selecionados das bases de dados Web of Science e PubMed. Agruparam-se os achados nas seguintes categorias: acesso; princípios; qualidade da atenção; privacidade, confidencialidade, ciberseguridade; comercialização, conflito de interesse; confiança e relação médico-paciente; educação, treinamento e licenciamento; má prática profissional, tele-negligência; prescrição virtual de medicamentos; decisões compartilhadas, empoderamento de pacientes; consentimento informado; governança e políticas. Os aspectos éticos da telemedicina são importantes não somente para uma adequada atenção à saúde, como também para a construção de políticas públicas adequadas.