ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of attention and skepticism in the evaluation of false market discourse with an environmental appeal (greenwashing). The theoretical support for the research was based on the study of the attention process (understood in terms of pre-attention and attention), as well as the practice of greenwashing and consumer skepticism. The methodological procedure adopted a hypothetical-deductive approach, carried out through two face-to-face experiments (n=129 and n=159) with a 2 factorial design (attention/pre-attention) x 2 (present/absent skepticism), with the measurement of four interest metrics (attribute evaluation, judgment about the practice of greenwashing, emotional reaction to the advertisement, and environmental purchase behavior), added to eye tracking. One-way ANOVA was used for one-dimensional analyzes and general linear model (GLM) ANOVA for multivariate analyses, with Tukey's post hoc test. As a result, it was possible to observe a better evaluation of the practice of greenwashing when pre-attentiveness and the absence of skepticism were combined, which sets up a potential scenario for the influence of this false marketing discourse on consumer behavior. greenwashing. . (greenwashing) understood preattention pre attention, , attention) hypotheticaldeductive hypothetical deductive approach facetoface face n=129 n129 n 129 (n=12 n=159 n159 159 attention/preattention attentionpreattention attention/pre (attention/pre-attention present/absent presentabsent present absent skepticism, skepticism) attribute advertisement behavior, behavior behavior) tracking Oneway One way onedimensional one dimensional GLM (GLM analyses Tukeys Tukey s test result preattentiveness attentiveness combined (greenwashing n=12 n12 12 (n=1 n=15 n15 15 attentionpre n=1 n1 1 (n= n= (n

RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a influência da atenção e do ceticismo na avaliação do falso discurso mercadológico com apelo ambiental (greenwashing). O suporte teórico da pesquisa assentou-se no estudo do processo da atenção (compreendido em termos de pré-atenção e atenção), assim como da prática de greenwashing e o ceticismo do consumidor. O procedimento metodológico adotou uma abordagem hipotético-dedutiva, realizada por meio de dois experimentos presenciais (n=129 e n=159) com desenho fatorial 2 (atenção/pré-atenção) x 2 (ceticismo presente/ausente), com a mensuração de quatro métricas de interesse (avaliação dos atributos, julgamento acerca da prática de greenwashing, reação emocional ao anúncio e comportamento ambiental de compra), somada ao monitoramento ocular (eyetracker). Foram empregadas a ANOVA one-way para as análises unidimensionais e a ANOVA pelo modelo linear geral (GLM) para as análises multivariadas, com o teste post hoc de Tukey. Como resultado, foi possível observar uma melhor avaliação da prática de greenwashing quando da junção da pré-atenção e da ausência do ceticismo, o que configura um cenário de potencialidade da capacidade de influência desse falso discurso mercadológico no comportamento do consumidor. greenwashing. . (greenwashing) assentouse assentou se compreendido préatenção pré atenção, , atenção) consumidor hipotéticodedutiva, hipotéticodedutiva hipotético dedutiva, dedutiva hipotético-dedutiva n=129 n129 n 129 (n=12 n=159 n159 159 atenção/préatenção atençãopréatenção atenção/pré (atenção/pré-atenção presente/ausente, presenteausente presente/ausente presente ausente presente/ausente) atributos compra, compra compra) eyetracker. eyetracker (eyetracker) oneway one way GLM (GLM multivariadas Tukey resultado (greenwashing n=12 n12 12 (n=1 n=15 n15 15 atençãopré (eyetracker n=1 n1 1 (n= n= (n

Abstract This article analyzes abortion experiences with misoprostol during the first decade of the 21st century in Argentina, before the legalization of the practice and the publication of the World Health Organization manuals on medication dosage. Based on in-depth interviews with women who underwent medical abortions during those years, we inquire about the mechanisms of information circulation and clandestine purchase of the drug. In addition, the article delves into experiences on the use of medication, confidence in the procedure, and the pain felt by these women from the theoretical perspective of the sociology of emotions. Among the most relevant findings is that women build networks and links to overcome the problems surrounding the practice of abortion because of the difficulty of obtaining the medication in the context of legality and illegality and the lack of information about the procedure itself and to develop a reliable method based on their own experiences.

Resumen En el presente artículo se analizan experiencias de aborto con misoprostol durante la primera década del siglo XXI en Argentina, antes de la legalización de la práctica y de la publicación de los manuales de la Organización Mundial de la Salud respecto a la posología de la medicación. A partir de entrevistas en profundidad a mujeres que se practicaron abortos medicamentosos en esos años, se indaga acerca de los mecanismos de circulación de información y de compra clandestina de la droga. Además, se ahonda en las experiencias sobre el uso de la medicación, la confianza en el procedimiento y el dolor sentido por estas mujeres desde la perspectiva teórica de la sociología de las emociones. Entre los hallazgos más relevantes se encuentra la constatación de que las mujeres construyeron sus redes y vínculos para sortear los problemas en torno a la práctica del aborto, tanto por la dificultad de conseguir la medicación en el marco de la legalidad e ilegalidad como por la falta de información sobre el procedimiento en sí mismo y la construcción de un método confiable a partir de sus propias experiencias.

Abstract The organic composition of 65 °% of urban solid waste of the Metropolitan District of Quito originates from food waste, which has negative environmental effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors related to food waste in homes in the capital and characterize urban solid waste management. The study is quantitative and exploratory. An association analysis was performed for the main categorical variables through calculation of statistical chi squared and an assessment of polychoric relation. A descriptive and multi-scale statistical analyses were performed for focus of the social metabolism to characterize waste management. A noteworthy element was the relation between expenses for purchase of food and non-alcoholic beverages in the last month-household income in the last month (p value < 5 %). Between 2012-2021, the most representative median for waste generation corresponded to the Eugenio Espejo administration, with 141470 t/ year, with a metabolic waste rate of 2.45E-05 (t/year). On the other hand, the Tumbaco administration obtained 30217 t/year and 1.22E-05 t/year, respectively.

Resumen La composición orgánica del 65 % de residuos sólidos urbanos del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito proviene de restos de alimentos, lo que provoca efectos medioambientales negativos. El propósito de esta investigación es evaluar los factores que inciden en el desperdicio de alimentos en los hogares capitalinos y caracterizar la gestión de sus residuos sólidos urbanos. La investigación es cuantitativa de tipo exploratoria. Se realizó un análisis de asociación entre las principales variables categóricas mediante el cálculo del estadístico chi-cuadrado y una evaluación de correlación policórica. Se aplicaron análisis estadístico descriptivo y multiescala del enfoque del metabolismo social para caracterizar la gestión de residuos. Destaca la relación entre el gasto en compra de alimentos y bebidas no alcohólicas en el último mes -ingreso del hogar en el último mes (p valor < 5 %). Entre 2012-2021, la mediana más representativa de generación de residuos corresponde a la administración Eugenio Espejo, con 141 470 t/año, y su tasa metabólica de residuos de 2,45E-05 t/año. En contraste, la administración Tumbaco obtuvo 30 217 t/año y 1,22E-05 t/año, respectivamente.

Resumo A composição orgânica do 65 °% dos resíduos sólidos urbanos do Distrito Metropolitano de Quito provém de restos de alimentos, o qual provoca efeitos negativos ao meio ambiente. O objetivo dessa investigação foi avaliar os fatores incidentes no desperdício de alimentos nos lares da capital e caracterizar a gestão dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. A pesquisa foi quantitativa e exploratória. Fez-se uma análise de associação das variáveis principais com o cálculo do chi-quadrado estatístico e uma avaliação da correlação policórica. Usaram-se análises estadísticos descritivos e multiescala do foco do metabolismo social para caracterizar a gestão dos resíduos. Destacou-se a relação do gasto para a compra de alimentos e bebidas não alcoólicas no último mês -rendas do lar no último mês (p valor < 5 %). Entre os anos 2012-2021, a mediana mais representativa de geração de resíduos foi da administração Eugenio Espejo, com 141 470 t/ano, e uma taxa metabólica de resíduos de 2,45E-05 t/ano. Em contraste, a administração Tumbaco teve 30 217 t/ano e 1,22E-05 t/ano, respetivamente.

Abstract In retail markets, analysis of perceived value in purchasing processes has been a topic of special interest as it focuses on perception of benefits beyond the product itself. In the face of such interest, an exhaustive bibliographical review was performed regarding its concept and components applied to retail dealers. The methodology is quantitative and cross-sectional, with a descriptive and explanative analysis through structural equation models to analyze the effect of dimensions in perceived value in the dependent variable of intent to purchase. Applied surveys on 390 recurring customers of retail dealers in Bogota. The results revealed that: functional value does have a positive effect on intent to purchase; and there is a relation between functional and symbolic value of purchase. The implications of management in the context of marketing are further discussed, focusing on functional value of a purchase. Actions related to quality, communication, employee training and customer service are recommended. These findings contribute to the literature on consumer behavior within the context of consumption by comparing functional and symbolic value.

Resumen En el ámbito del comercio minorista, el análisis del valor percibido en el proceso de compra ha sido objeto de especial interés por enfocarse en la percepción de beneficios que van más allá del producto en sí. Ante tal interés, se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica sobre su concepto y componentes aplicado a establecimientos minoristas. La metodología es cuantitativa y transversal, con un análisis descriptivo y explicativo a través de modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para analizar el efecto de las dimensiones del valor percibido en la variable dependiente de la intención de compra. Se aplicaron encuestas a 390 a clientes habituales de comercios minoristas en Bogotá. Los resultados revelaron que el valor funcional tiene un efecto positivo en la intención de compra; y existe una relación entre el valor funcional y el valor simbólico de la compra. Se discuten las implicaciones de la gestión en el ámbito del marketing, centrándose en el valor funcional de la compra. Se sugieren acciones relacionadas con la calidad, la comunicación, la capacitación de los empleados y el servicio al cliente. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la literatura sobre el comportamiento del consumidor en el contexto del consumo, al comparar el valor funcional y el valor simbólico.

Resumo Dentro do âmbito do comercio de retalho, a análise do valor percebido no processo de compra tem sido objeto de interesse especial por se focalizar em a percepção de benefícios que vão mais longe do produto direito. Com esse interesse, fez-se uma revisão exaustiva da literatura de seu conceito e componentes aplicados aos estabelecimentos de retalho. A metodologia é quantitativa e transversal, com uma análise descritiva e explicativa por meio de modelos de equações estruturares para analisar o efeito das dimensões do valor percebido na variável dependente da intenção de compra. Fizeram-se pesquisas em 390 clientes usuais de lojas de retalho em Bogotá. Os resultados revelaram que: o valor funcional tem um efeito positivo na intenção de compra; e existe uma relação entre o valor funcional e o valor simbólico da compra. Discutem-se as implicações da gestão no âmbito do marketing, focalizando-se no valor funcional da compra. Sugerem-se ações relacionadas à qualidade, comunicação, capacitação dos empregados y serviço ao cliente. Os resultados contribuem à literatura com relação ao comportamento do consumidor no contexto do consumo, ao comparar o valor funcional e o valor simbólico.

RESUMEN Los Centennials presentan más disposición para comprar en redes sociales, aunque son evidentes las diferencias sobre el uso y consumo de contenidos e información de Instagram entre los miembros de esta generación, lo que sugiere que su comportamiento de compra también puede diferir Por ello en esta investigación se propone clasificar el comportamiento de compra de los Z en esta red social basados en su actitud hacia la publicidad y el uso de la aplicación. Se abordó un enfoque cuantitativo a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio seguido de una prueba de conformación de clúster jerárquicos en una muestra de 494 participantes entre los 18 a 29 años de ciudades y municipios colombianos y de diversos niveles socioeconómicos. Se encontró que las dimensiones de uso, acciones de compra, consumo de contenidos, interés social, agrado por la publicidad, atencionalidad a la publicidad y seguridad están presentes en el comportamiento de los usuarios en la red social. Estas variables se usaron para exponer tres tipologías de comportamiento concluyendo que existen diversos comportamientos de compra y actitud hacia la publicidad desplegada en el medio digital.

RESUMO Os Centennials estão mais dispostos a comprar nas redes sociais, embora existam diferenças evidentes na utilização e consumo do Instagram entre os membros desta geração, o que sugere que o seu comportamento de compra também pode ser diferente. Portanto, nesta pesquisa, propõe-se classificar o comportamento de compra do Z no Instagram com base na sua atitude em relação à publicidade e ao uso do aplicativo. Abordou-se uma abordagem quantitativa por meio de análise fatorial confirmatória seguida de teste hierárquico de formação de cluster em uma amostra de 494 participantes entre l8 e 29 anos das principais cidades intermediárias e pequenas do país e de diversos níveis socioeconómicos. Verificou-se que as dimensões uso, ações de compra, consumo de conteúdo, interesse social, gosto pela publicidade, atenção à publicidade e segurança estão presentes no comportamento dos usuários na rede social. Estas variáveis foram utilizadas para expor três tipologias de comportamento, concluindo que existem diversos comportamentos de compra e atitudes face à publicidade veiculada no meio digital.

ABSTRACT Centennials are more willing to buy on social networks, although not all of them have the same behavior differences observed by inner members of this generation, which suggests that their buying behavior may also differ For this reason, in this research it was proposed to classify the purchasing behavior of generation Z in the social network Instagram based on their attitude towards advertising and the use of the application. A quantitative approach was used through a confirmatory factor analysis followed by a hierarchical cluster confirmation test in a sample of 494 participants from 18 to 29 years old, residents in main, intermediate and small cities in the country and of various socioeconomic levels. It was found that the dimensions of use, purchase actions, content consumption, social interest, liking for advertising, attention to advertising and security are present in the behavior of users on the social network. These variables were used to expose three types of behavior, concluding that there are different purchasing behaviors and attitudes towards advertising displayed in digital media.

Abstract: The purpose of this research study is to describe the factors that influence consumers' purchasing decisions in live shopping broadcasts. The proposed research methodology is based on the qualitative paradigm with an interpretative approach. A semi-structured questionnaire is applied to interview 25 people who had participated in live shopping transmissions at least once. The results show eight families codes: (1) motivation, (2) participation, (3) trust, (4) influence of social networks, (5) time pressure, (6) customer satisfaction, (7) distrust and problems, and (8) quality of service. The aesthetic aspect of the seller and the endorsement of a celebrity have no valorization. In conclusion, the purchase decision variables of live shopping broadcasts do not differ significantly with respect to what has been found in previous literature.

Resumen: El propósito de esta investigación es describir los factores que influyen en la decisión de compra de los consumidores en transmisiones de compras en vivo. La metodología está fundamentada en el paradigma cualitativo con enfoque interpretativo. Se ocupa un cuestionario semi-estructurado para realizar entrevistas a 25 personas que han participado en las transmisiones de compra en vivo al menos una vez. El análisis de los datos se realiza mediante la teoría fundamentada de Glaser y Strauss. Los resultados muestran ocho familias de códigos: (1) motivación, (2) participación, (3) confianza, (4) influencia redes sociales, (5) presión por tiempo, (6) satisfacción del cliente, (7) desconfianza y problemas, y (8) calidad del servicio. El aspecto estético del vendedor y la determinación de una celebridad no son valorizables. En conclusión, las variables de decisión de compra de las transmisiones de compra en vivo, en general, no difieren respecto con lo encontrado en la literatura previa.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto de la atmósfera, definida como el diseño consciente del ambiente de la tienda para crear ciertas respuestas en los compradores, en los valores de compra, la actitud hacia la compra y las emociones sobre la intención de recompra en una tienda online, basado en el modelo Estímulo-Organismo-Respuesta (S-O-R, por sus siglas en inglés). Aunque estos elementos han sido estudiados ampliamente en el contexto de tiendas físicas, artículos recientes que analizan la influencia de estos elementos en el ambiente online muestran la relevancia de estudios como este en investigaciones académicas actuales de mercadeo. Los resultados de una encuesta realizada a 306 usuarios de una tienda farmacéutica online, residentes de Venezuela y otros países de América Latina, se analizaron usando ecuaciones estructurales. Los hallazgos permiten concluir que el uso del modelo S-O-R es apropiado en la predicción del comportamiento de compra online, y confirman que el valor de compra hedónico tiene un impacto directo significativo tanto en la actitud hacia las compras como en la compra emocional. Por otra parte, el valor de compra utilitario afecta negativamente la compra emocional y el factor informático favorece la actitud hacia las compras. Por último, la actitud hacia las compras y la compra emocional predicen la intención de recompra. Se discuten las implicaciones para los especialistas en marketing.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the online store atmosphere, shopping values, attitude toward online shopping and emotions on the repurchase intention in an online store, based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response model (S-O-R). Although these elements have been studied in the context of brick-and-mortar stores, recent articles that analyze the influence of these elements in the online environment demonstrate the relevance of this study in current marketing research. The results of an online survey conducted with 306 users of an online pharmaceutical store, which included residents of Venezuela and of other Latin American countries, were analyzed using structural equations, evaluating both the measurement model and the relationship model. The findings allow us to conclude that the use of the S-O-R model is appropriate in predicting online purchase behavior, having achieved an adequate fit, and confirm that the hedonic purchase value has a significant direct impact on both the attitude toward online shopping and the emotional purchase. On the other hand, the utilitarian purchase value negatively affects the emotional purchase and the computer factor favors the attitude toward online purchase. Finally, the attitude toward online shopping and the emotional purchase predicts the repurchase intention. Implications for marketers are discussed.

Resumen: El comercio electrónico del sector de la moda ha aumentado en los últimos años en Latinoamérica, especialmente a raíz de la pandemia, sin embargo, todavía existen problemas en la aceptación de este canal de compra. La presente investigación se centra en algunos factores que podrían influir en la intención de compra y tiene como objetivos comprobar cómo en ella influyen la confianza, los riesgos percibidos, los costos y la conveniencia. Para esto, se suministró un cuestionario a 223 estudiantes de cuatro universidades del Ecuador. Para el análisis de los datos obtenidos se desarrolló un modelo PLS-SEM, en el cual la confianza en el vendedor actúa como variable mediadora en la relación entre los otros tres factores y la intención de compra. Los resultados muestran que dicho modelo tiene un aceptable poder predictivo y explicativo. Asimismo, se comprueba que los riesgos, la conveniencia y la confianza afectan significativamente a la intención de compra, pero no los costos. Además, la confianza mediaría la relación entre las tres variables y la intención de compra en línea. Se concluye que el modelo propuesto puede servir de base para estudios similares y, a su vez, se considera que los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados por las empresas en el sector de la moda que quieren vender a través de plataformas de e-Commerce para el desarrollo de estrategias de marketing.

Abstract: E-commerce in the fashion sector has increased in recent years in Latin America, especially in the wake of the pandemic, however, there are still issues in the acceptance of this shopping channel. The present research focuses on some factors that could influence purchase intention and aims to test how it is influenced by trust, perceived risks, costs and convenience. For this purpose, a questionnaire was given to 223 students from four universities in Ecuador. A PLS-SEM model was developed for the analysis of the data, in which trust in the seller has a mediating role in the relationship between the other three factors and purchase intention. Results show that this model has acceptable predictive and explanatory power. Likewise, it validates that risks, convenience and trust significantly affect intention, but not costs. In addition, trust would mediate the relationship between the other variables and online shopping intention. It is concluded that the proposed model can serve as a basis for similar studies, and, at the same time, it is considered that the results obtained can be used by business in the fashion sector that pursue to sell through e-commerce platforms for marketing strategies development.

Resumen: Cuando las empresas comprenden las variables que impulsan la satisfacción de los clientes, pueden establecer mejores puntos de referencia y perfeccionar sus estrategias. En la actualidad, existe un crecimiento exponencial de las compras de ropa de moda a través de plataformas digitales. Esta investigación evalúa si la orientación a la moda rápida y a la moda lenta, la conciencia ambiental y las experiencias del producto, emocional y con el sitio web inciden sobre la satisfacción con la compra en línea. Además, se analiza la importancia y el rendimiento de las experiencias sobre la satisfacción. Las técnicas estadísticas utilizadas son un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales basados en mínimos cuadrados parciales y una matriz de importancia-desempeño. El diseño de investigación fue cuantitativo, explicativo y transversal, desarrollado en la frontera norte de México y aplicado a 539 compradores de ropa en plataformas web o aplicaciones digitales. Los resultados evidencian que solo la orientación a la moda lenta influye sobre la conciencia ambiental, a diferencia de la orientación a la moda rápida que no tiene efecto en ella, la conciencia ambiental tiene un impacto positivo sobre los tres tipos de experiencia y éstos inciden favorablemente sobre la satisfacción con la compra de ropa en línea. La matriz importancia-desempeño evidenció que la experiencia con el sitio web/app es el factor más relevante para la satisfacción en línea. En conclusión, la satisfacción con la compra en línea depende en gran medida de la experiencia con el sitio web.

Abstract: Companies that understand which variables drive customer satisfaction can establish stronger metrics and refine their strategies. Currently, there is an exponential growth in fashion shopping through digital platforms. Our research assesses if fast fashion and slow fashion orientation, environmental awareness, and product, emotional, and website experiences have an effect on satisfaction with online shopping. Moreover, the importance and performance of experiences on satisfaction is analyzed. Statistical techniques used are a structural equation model based on partial least squares and an importance-performance matrix. The research design was quantitative, explanatory, and cross-sectional, conducted in the northern border of Mexico and applied to 539 clothing shoppers on web platforms or digital applications. The results show that only the slow fashion orientation influences environmental awareness, unlike the fast fashion orientation that does not have an effect on it, environmental awareness has a positive impact on the three types of experience, and they favorably impact satisfaction with the purchase of clothing online. The importance-performance matrix revealed that the website/app experience is the most relevant factor for online satisfaction. In conclusion, satisfaction with online shopping is highly dependent on the website experience.

Heelwat navorsing is al gedoen in 'n poging om 'n greep op aspekte van goeie en slegte plaaslike regering te kry. 'n Kernvraag wat steeds onbeantwoord bly is die volgende: Wat is "plaaslike regering", en hoe kan die werklikheid waarna die begrip verwys, verstaan en herken word? 'n Begripsraamwerk van "plaaslike regering" is onlangs ontwikkel bestaande uit die herkenbare eienskappe van die begrip om dit te identifiseer. Gepaardgaande daarmee is 'n sosiale ontologie van sorg vir "plaaslike regering" ontwikkel. Die veronderstelling is dat plaaslike regerings in Suid-Afrika en ander lande aan die hand van daardie eienskappe herken sal word. Binne die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks is daar egter 'n moontlike nietipiese voorbeeld van plaaslike regering, naamlik Orania, 'n bestaande dorp binne die geografiese gebied van die Thembelihle Plaaslike Munisipaliteit in die Noord-Kaapprovinsie. Orania is nie 'n muni-sipaliteit ingevolge die Suid-Afrikaanse grondwet en wetlike raamwerk nie. Die vraag is gevolglik of Orania wel as 'n "plaaslike regering" beskou kan word. In antwoord op die vraag gee hierdie artikel 'n ontiese¹ beskrywing van Orania aan die hand van die gekose begripsraamwerk en sosiale ontologie van sorg. Dit blyk uit die beskrywing en ontleding daarvan dat Orania wel aan die institusionele, funksionele en territoriale eienskappe van die begrip "plaaslike regering" voldoen en op 'n outentieke wyse as plaaslike regering funksioneer. Die gevallestudie wys dat 'n outentieke plaaslike regering een is wat 'n integrerende deel uitmaak van sy plaaslike gemeenskap en omsluitende wêrelde, wat voortdurende ongemak met die hede beleef en met sorg, besorgdheid en sorgsaamheid daarop reageer.

Much research has been conducted to grasp aspects of good and bad local governance. A central question that remains unanswered is: What constitutes "local government" and how can the reality to which this concept refers be understood and recognised? Recently, a conceptual framework was developed by identifying recognisable characteristics of this concept's reference. The assumption is that local governments in South Africa and other countries will be recognised based on these characteristics. Alongside this, a social ontology of care for "local government" was established. However, within the South African context, a potentially atypical example of local government is found, namely Orania, an existing town situated within the geographical area of the Thembelihle Local Municipality in the Northern Cape province. Orania is not a municipality in terms of the South African constitution and legal framework. The question thus arises whether Orania can indeed be considered a "local government". In response to this query, this article provides a description of Orania using the chosen conceptual framework and social ontology of care as part of a case study design. The analysis and ontological description ofOrania, by means of the conceptual framework, reveal that the phenomenon of Orania does indeed possess a territorial jurisdictional sphere (the Orania Overlay Zone), a democratically elected representative council (the OVR), and a Town Council and its administration that performs a range of local functions and responsibilities. While the territory of a municipality is generally determined by authorising measures or decisions by other jurisdictions (such as province, state, and national government), the territorial area known as the Orania Overlay Zone results from the purchase and cultivation of land by members of a homogeneous cultural community. Therefore, the territory is not only a demarcation of jurisdiction, but the place to which this community is connected. The institutional aspect of local government is likely a universal feature. The nature and scope of the institutional structure of local governments are often also the result of standardised external authorising measures or decisions by other jurisdictions. Consequently, the structures may not necessarily resonate with the needs and resources of the sometimes diverse society that constitutes the inhabitants of such an area. In the case of Orania, the institutional structure of local government (the OVR and the Town Council) is directly determined by the community, as represented by various land entities, based on the community's specific needs and available resources. The performance of a limited range of local functions can also be considered a universal feature of local government. In this particular case, the functions of the relevant local government are determined by its decision-making bodies, such as the Town Council, in consultation with the community as represented by the various land entities. Consequently, typical local government functions are performed according to the community's needs and available resources. Non-typical local government functions, such as residence rights, are performed within the general scope of the 1996 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and other national legislation. The analysis confirmed that Orania meets the characteristics consistent with the concept of "local government" as outlined in the conceptual framework. Additionally, viewing Orania through the theoretical lens of social ontology of care highlights that it is a human construct, making objective observation and description challenging. Orania is a network of interconnected individuals and social institutions situated within overlapping human, spiritual, natural, territorial, and political worlds. The authenticity of this existence lies in its concern for the affairs of the world in which it is situated and the conscientiousness with which it carries out its functions in conjunction with others. The case study shows that an authentic local government is one that forms an integral part of its local community and surrounding worlds, continually experiencing discomfort (anxiety) with the present, and responding to that anxiety with care, concern, and nurturing for society and its things.

Resumen Este trabajo analiza la influencia del capital de marca desde la perspectiva del consumidor en la decisión de compra de productos de consumo de alta rotación, en Ecuador. Estimando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales por mínimos cuadrados parciales y un modelo de regresión logística, con una muestra de 120 estudiantes universitarios ecuatorianos, se encontró que la notoriedad de la marca y fuerza de las asociaciones se relaciona positivamente con la calidad percibida, la calidad percibida influye en la lealtad actitudinal, y la lealtad influye en el capital de marca global. Además, una vez que se controla por precios referenciales, se demuestra que el capital de marca tiene un efecto positivo en la decisión de compra de los consumidores. La principal implicación para los administradores de marcas es que los esfuerzos e inversiones hacia acciones que mejoren las dimensiones del capital de marca, con énfasis en la lealtad, es un mecanismo relevante para incrementar las ventas y generar mayor valor financiero de la marca.

Abstract This work analyses the influence of consumer-based brand equity on the purchase decision of fast-moving consumer goods in Ecuador. By estimating a partial least squares structural equation model and a logit model on a sample of 120 Ecuadorian university students, it was found that brand awareness with a strength of association is positively related to perceived quality, perceived quality influences attitudinal loyalty, and loyalty influences overall brand equity. In addition, after controlling for reference prices, overall brand equity has a direct positive effect on consumers' purchase decisions. For brand managers, the main implication of these findings is that investments to improve the dimensions of brand equity, with an emphasis on loyalty, is a relevant mechanism to increase sales and generate greater brand value.

Abstract This article is based on a qualitative methodology sustained by in-depth interviews with 76 migrant women victims of sexual slavery in Mexico selected through chain sampling. The objective is to analyse the modus operandi used by criminal groups involved in the sexual enslavement of migrant women in Mexico. Six categories of perpetrators profit from sexual slavery in Mexico: drug cartels, prostitution networks, nightclub owners, pseudo-modeling agencies, freelance slavers and boyfriendpimps. Their modus operandi involves the recruitment of victims through internet advertisements, deception, infatuation, purchase or kidnapping, and the subjugation of slaves through imprisonment, domination by means of threats, extortion, rape or torture. These groups exercise the right of ownership over the victims in order to buy, sell, abuse or kill them. Some victims are released, but most do not escape. Those who try to flee or refuse to obey the perpetrators are severely disciplined.

Resumo Este artigo baseia-se em uma metodologia qualitativa baseada em entrevistas em profundidade com 76 mulheres migrantes vítimas de escravidão sexual no México, selecionadas por meio de amostragem em cadeia. O objetivo é analisar o modus operandi usado por grupos criminosos envolvidos na escravidão sexual de mulheres migrantes no México. Seis categorias de perpetradores lucram com a escravidão sexual no México: cartéis de drogas, redes de prostituição, donos de boates, pseudoagências de modelos, escravizadores freelancers e “namoradocafetão”. Seu modus operandi implica o recrutamento de vítimas por meio de anúncios na internet, engano, conquista, compra ou sequestro, e a subjugação das escravas por meio de prisão, da dominação por meio de ameaças, da extorsão, do estupro ou da tortura. Esses grupos exercem o direito de propriedade sobre as vítimas para comprá-las, vendê-las, abusá-las ou matá-las. Algumas vítimas são libertadas, mas a maioria não consegue escapar. Aquelas que tentam fugir ou se recusam a obedecer aos vitimários são severamente punidas.

Resumen Este artículo está basado en una metodología cualitativa sustentada en entrevistas (Anexo 1) en profundidad con 76 mujeres migrantes víctimas de esclavitud sexual en México seleccionadas por el procedimiento del muestreo en cadena. El objetivo es analizar los modus operandi utilizados por los grupos criminales involucrados en México en la esclavitud sexual de mujeres migrantes. Seis categorías de victimarios se lucran en México con la esclavitud sexual: los cárteles de las drogas, las redes de prostitución, los propietarios de locales nocturnos, las seudoagencias de modelos, los esclavistas freelancers y los novios-padrotes. Sus modus operandi implican la captación de las víctimas mediante anuncios en internet, el engaño, el enamoramiento, la compra o el secuestro, y el sometimiento de las esclavas haciendo uso de la reclusión, la dominación por medio de amenazas, la extorsión, la violación o la tortura. Estos grupos ejercen el derecho de propiedad sobre las víctimas para comprarlas, venderlas, maltratarlas o quitarles la vida. Algunas víctimas son liberadas; pero la mayor parte no logran escapar. Quienes tratan de huir o se niegan a obedecer a los victimarios son disciplinadas de modo severo.

ABSTRACT: The National School Feeding Program (PNAE) is the oldest and most extensive food and nutrition program in Brazil. Art. 14 of Law 11.947 stipulate that at least 30% of its operational resources need be used to purchase family farming products. However, there are important barriers that hinder the application of this law. The present article developed a conceptual model that described and analyzed the barriers to this requirement. A systematic literature review identified twelve barriers, divided into three constructs political administrative infrastructure and human capital, which enables PNAE management to develop mitigation strategies, including a larger number of farmers in the program, thereby increasing its efficiency. ABSTRACT (PNAE Brazil Art 1 11947 11 947 11.94 30 products However law requirement capital strategies efficiency 1194 94 11.9 3 119 9 11.

RESUMO: O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) é considerado o programa de alimentação e nutrição mais antigo e de maior abrangência do Brasil. O art. 14 da Lei n. 11.947 determina que um percentual mínimo de 30% dos seus recursos operacionais deva ser empregado na compra de produtos da agricultura familiar. Contudo, existem barreiras importantes que dificultam a aplicação dessa Lei. Este artigo tem como objetivo desenvolver um modelo conceitual que permita descrever e analisar as barreiras impeditivas à esta exigência. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura permitiu identificar doze barreiras que se agrupam em três constructos: político-administrativo, infraestrutura e capital humano, que possibilita aos gestores do PNAE o desenvolvimento de estratégias de mitigação, inserindo um maior quantitativo de agricultores no programa, aumentando sua eficiência. RESUMO (PNAE Brasil art 1 n 11947 11 947 11.94 30 familiar Contudo exigência constructos políticoadministrativo, políticoadministrativo político administrativo, administrativo político-administrativo humano mitigação eficiência 1194 94 11.9 3 119 9 11.

Abstract This article delves into the considerable influence of generation Y, or millennials, on purchase behaviour and brand interactions. Their focus on creating a better world, combined with their status as digital natives, has spurred changes in e-commerce and corporate practices. This generation prioritises environmental and social concerns, compelling companies to adopt honesty and transparency in their products, processes, and values. Millennials are inclined to support brands that demonstrate social responsibility, sustainability, and ethical practices. Consequently, brand values have become pivotal, shaping consumer perceptions and behaviours. These values reflect the beliefs and principles a brand embodies, significantly impacting consumer perceptions and behaviours toward it. The study aims to investigate how IKEA’s brand values influence the purchase decisions of Portuguese millennial consumers. A questionnaire survey was conducted, employing a quantitative methodology, yielding 402 responses from IKEA consumers. The primary findings reveal that IKEA Portugal’s values notably influence the purchase decisions of millennial consumers, particularly those related to value for money, sustainability, social responsibility, and community support.

Resumo O presente artigo aborda a influência significativa da geração Y ou dos millennials no comportamento de compra e nas interações com a marca. O foco desta geração num mundo melhor e o facto de serem nativos digitais impulsionou mudanças no e-commerce e na forma como as empresas operam. Esta trata-se de uma geração preocupada com o planeta e com o futuro, que conseguiu forçar honestidade e transparência das empresas acerca dos seus produtos, processos e valores. Os millennials estão mais propensos a apoiar marcas que priorizam a responsabilidade social, a sustentabilidade e as práticas éticas. Os valores da marca ganharam destaque, moldando as perceções e o comportamento do consumidor. Esses valores representam as crenças e os princípios que a marca defende e têm um impacto significativo nas perceções dos consumidores sobre esta e o comportamento em relação a ela. O objetivo deste estudo é explorar como os valores da marca IKEA afetam as decisões de compra dos consumidores millennials portugueses. Foi utilizada uma metodologia quantitativa, com a aplicação de um inquérito por questionário, através do qual se obteve 402 respostas junto dos consumidores da marca IKEA. As principais conclusões indicam que os valores da IKEA Portugal impactam significativamente as decisões de compra dos consumidores millennials, especialmente as relacionadas com a relação qualidade-preço, sustentabilidade, responsabilidade social e apoio às comunidades.

Ser capaz de ler a mente do consumidor e saber o que ele deseja tornou-se um aspecto essencial para desenhar estratégias de marketing de sucesso, por isso se utiliza o conhecimento fornecido pelas neurociências. Assim, pretendeu-se incorporar ao exercício dialógico elementos relacionados ao neuroconsumidor e ao neuroconsumo, com ênfase na perspectiva mente-corpo-emoção; e seus níveis de processamento para identificar o que está acontecendo na mente do comprador. O objetivo da revisão sistemática (RS) foi descrever os elementos que relacionam o neuroconsumo ao neuroconsumidor a partir de uma perspectiva apoiada na literatura existente, portanto foi realizada uma RS da literatura para revelar e caracterizar os elementos vinculativos ao objeto de estudo . O processo foi apoiado pelo método PRISMA, foram selecionadas as bases de dados: WoS, Scopus e SciELO e inicialmente foram escolhidos 150 documentos aos quais foram aplicados critérios de seleção; Foram obtidos 20 artigos. Concluiu-se que a experiência emocional tornou-se uma proposta de valor para os usuários e o design de produto é uma das ferramentas que facilita a criação de produtos para fornecer soluções às necessidades emocionais.

Conseguir leer la mente del consumidor y saber qué desea se ha convertido en un aspecto esencial para diseñar estrategias de marketing exitosas, motivo por el cual se emplean conocimientos brindados por las neurociencias. Así, se pretendió incorporar al ejercicio dialógico los elementos relacionados con el neuroconsumidor y neuroconsumo, con énfasis en la perspectiva mente-cuerpo-emoción; y sus niveles de procesamiento para identificar lo que sucede en la mente del comprador. El objetivo de la revisión sistemática (RS) fue describir los elementos que relacionan al neuroconsumo con el neuroconsumidor desde una mirada sustentada en la literatura existente, por lo que se realizó una RS de la literatura para develar y caracterizar los elementos vinculantes al objeto de estudio. El proceso se apoyó en el método PRISMA, fueron seleccionadas las bases de datos: WoS, Scopus y SciELO y fueron escogidos inicialmente 150 documentos a los que se aplicó criterios de selección; se obtuvieron 20 artículos. Se concluyó que la experiencia emocional se ha convertido en una propuesta de valor respecto a los usuarios y el diseño del producto se conforma como una de las herramientas que facilita crear productos para dar solución a las necesidades emocionales.

Being able to read the consumer's mind and know what they want has become an essential aspect for designing successful marketing strategies, which is why the knowledge provided by neurosciences is being used. Thus, it was intended to incorporate elements related to the neuroconsumer and neuroconsumption into the dialogic exercise, with emphasis on the mind-body-emotion perspective; and their processing levels to identify what is happening in the buyer's mind. The objective of the review was to describe the elements that relate neuro consumption to the neuroconsumer from a perspective supported by existing literature, so a systematic review of the literature was carried out to reveal and characterize the elements linked to the object of study. The process was supported by the PRISMA method, the databases were selected: WoS, Scopus and SciELO and initially 150 documents were chosen to which selection criteria were applied, obtaining 20 articles. It was concluded that the emotional experience has become a value proposition with respect to users and product design becomes one of the tools that facilitates creating products to provide solutions to emotional needs.