Resumen El carábido Abaris basistriata (Coleoptera: Carabidae) se destaca por su potencial depredador y por ser generalista en relación con el hábitat. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia de diferentes temperaturas en el desarrollo de A. basistriata y determinar sus exigencias térmicas. El insecto fue alimentado con larvas de Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) y mantenido a temperaturas de 18 °C, 22 °C, 25 °C y 28 ± 1 °C; 70 ± 10 % de humedad relativa y fotoperíodo de 14 horas. Hubo diferencias significativas en el tiempo de desarrollo de las etapas e instares de A. basistriata en función de la temperatura. Los límites para las etapas de huevo, larva, pupa y desarrollo pre-imaginal fueron 10,68 °C; 11,32 °C; 12,67 °C y 11,73 °C, y las constantes térmicas fueron 82,41; 264,83; 84,57 y 664,89, grados día, respectivamente. El mayor número de individuos de A. basistriata llegó a la fase adulta en el menor tiempo de desarrollo a los 28 °C, cuando se obtuvo 70 % de supervivencia, indicando que esta es la temperatura más favorable para la cría de este carábido en condiciones de laboratorio.

Abstract The carabid beetle Abaris basistriata (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is noteworthy for its predatory capabilities and its generalist function in the habitat. This study aimed to assess the influence of different temperatures on the development of A. basistriata and determine its thermal requirements. The insect was fed with larvae of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and maintained at 18, 22, 25, and 28 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10 % relative humidity, and 14-hour photoperiod. There were significant differences in the development time of stages and instars of A. basistriata as a function of temperature. Threshold temperatures for egg, larva, pupa, and preimaginal development were 10.68, 11.32, 12.67, and 11.73 °C, respectively. The thermal constants were 82.41, 264.83, 84.57, and 664.89 degree-days, respectively. The highest number of A. basistriata individuals reached the adult stage in the shortest time of development at 28 °C, where 70 % of survival was recorded. This finding suggests that 28 °C is the most favorable temperature for rearing this carabid species under laboratory conditions.

Abstract Was evaluated the development time, life tables and predation capacity of Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) on the corn aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), vector of the barley dwarf virus (BYDV). The life time of C. sexmaculata egg was 3.8±0.28 days, while the larva and pupa life time were 9.2±0.38 and 5.02±0.38 days respectively. The specific mortality rate (q ) remained low in the four larval instars and pupa, but during the egg stage its q increased. The instar IV (77.6±2.96 consumed aphids) followed by the instar III (31.1±2.22 consumed aphids) are exerting greater predation. The nymphs of R. padi are the more consumed compared to the adults. The results obtained establish for the first time the development time of C. sexmaculata fed with R. padi was 18,02±0,55 days under controlled conditions.

Resumen Se evaluó el tiempo de desarrollo, tablas de vida y capacidad de consumo de Cheilomenes sexmaculata (Fabricius) sobre el áfido del maíz Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), vector del virus del enanismo de la cebada (BYDV). El tiempo de vida del huevo de C. sexmaculata fue de 3,8±0,28 días, mientras que el tiempo de vida de la larva y pupa fue de 9,2±0,38 y 5,02±0,38 días respectivamente. La tasa de mortalidad específica (q ) permaneció baja en los cuatro instares larvales y pupa, pero durante el estado de huevo la q se incrementó. El instar IV (77,6±2,96 áfidos consumidos) seguido por el instar III (31,1±2,22 áfidos consumidos) ejercieron una mayor depredación. Las ninfas de R. padi son más consumidas en comparación con los adultos. Los resultados obtenidos establecen que por vez primera el tiempo de desarrollo de C. sexmaculata alimentado con R. padi fue de 18,02±0,55 días bajo condiciones controladas.

RESUMEN Plutella xylostella es una plaga de las más importantes en los cultivos de brassicaceas alrededor del mundo. El indoxacarb se utiliza ampliamente para el control de larvas de lepidópteros plaga. Este insecticida presenta una actividad lenta y efectos residuales prolongados los cuales impactan los hábitos y la fisiología de las plagas. Como objetivo se estableció la evaluación del efecto de concentraciones subletales de indoxacarb en la biología y tiempo de desarrollo de la palomilla dorso de diamante. Se realizó presión de selección del insecticida indoxacarb sobre P. xylostella, aplicando la CL20 de la generación anterior por las siguientes diez generaciones, se calculó la CL20 de la línea resistente (G10) y posteriormente se aplicó esta concentración a larvas de L3. Se evaluó el efecto en el porcentaje y peso de pupas, emergencia de adultos y oviposición para dos generaciones; además, del tiempo de desarrollo de huevo, larva, pupa y adulto. Los resultados mostraron que la resistencia y la exposición a CL20 de indoxacarb provocaron cambios en la biología y el desarrollo de P. xyllostella. Esto se manifestó en un aumento del porcentaje y peso de pupas formadas y emergencia de adultos, junto con una prolongación del tiempo de desarrollo de más de 10 días. Sin embargo, se observó una disminución de más del 50% en el número de huevos por hembra.

ABSTRACT Plutella xylostella is one of the most important pests of brassicaceous crops around the world. Indoxacarb is widely used to control lepidopteran pest larvae. This insecticide has slow activity and prolonged residual effects which impact the habits and physiology of pests. The objective was to evaluate the effect of sublethal concentrations of indoxacarb on the biology and development time of the diamondback moth. Selection pressure of the insecticide indoxacarb was carried out on P. xylostella, applying the LC20 of the previous generation for the next ten generations, the LC20 of the resistant line (G10) was calculated and this concentration was subsequently applied to L3 larvae. The effect on the percentage and weight of pupae, adult emergence and oviposition for two generations was evaluated; in addition, the development time of egg, larva, pupa and adult. The results showed that resistance and exposure to LC20 of indoxacarb caused changes in the biology and development of P. xyllostella. This was manifested in an increase in the percentage and weight of formed pupae and emergence of adults, along with a prolongation of development time of more than 10 days. However, a decrease of more than 50% in the number of eggs per female was observed.

ABSTRACT The present paper describes the immature stages of the Neotropical satyrine butterfly Euptychia boulleti (Le Cerf, 1919) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Eggs were laid singly on the under surface of the fronds of its host plant, Selaginella muscosa Spring (Lycopodiopsida: Selaginellaceae). Larvae are solitary in all instars, with a color pattern and shape that make them cryptic on their host plants. The pupa is short and smooth, green with black and white markings. Although the adults are very divergent in wing pattern, the immature stages are very similar to those of other species in the genus Euptychia Hübner, 1818. The present study added over 20 more records of E. boulleti, adding two additional sites for this species. Based on all available records, the EOO (extent of occurrence) has an increase of 13% and AOO (area of occupancy) an increase of 20% compared to previous estimates. Identifying additional E. boulleti populations could be important for conservation efforts of this species, especially if these are in fully protected areas. Le Cerf 1919 Forest plant Lycopodiopsida (Lycopodiopsida Selaginellaceae. Selaginellaceae . Selaginellaceae) instars plants smooth markings Hübner 1818 2 E extent occurrence 13 area occupancy estimates areas 191 181 1 19 18

RESUMO A lagarta Ascia monuste orseis (Godart) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), destaca-se como uma das principais pragas desfolhadoras das brássicas. Para mitigar os danos e reduzir os impactos na saúde humana e no meio ambiente, decorrentes do uso persistente e indiscriminado de inseticidas químicos, é crucial considerar a utilização de inseticidas botânicos como uma alternativa fundamental para seu controle. Deste modo, o objetivo foi investigar o estímuloresposta do extrato bruto hidroalcoólico de Ocimum campechianum e de sua fração diclorometano (DCM) sobre A. monuste orseis. Avaliou-se o consumo foliar (cm2) das lagartas expostas aos extratos, mortalidade de lagartas em 24 h, mortalidade total de lagartas, mortalidade de pupas, duração do período de pupa e malformação morfológica em adultos. A alimentação das lagartas de oito dias, com a couve impregnada com o extrato bruto e sua fração DCM, resultou em diminuição da alimentação das lagartas, aumento da mortalidade larval (90%), alongamento do período pupal (2 dias) e aumento da deformação em adultos (50%). Portanto, o extrato bruto e sua fração DCM de O. campechianum apresentam potencial para uso no controle alternativo de A. monuste orseis. Godart (Godart Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Pieridae, Pieridae , Pieridae) destacase destaca se brássicas ambiente químicos modo (DCM Avaliouse Avaliou cm2 cm (cm2 extratos 2 h pupas dias 90%, 90 90% (90%) ( 50%. 50 50% . (50%) Portanto O (cm 9 (90% 5 (50% (90 (50 (9 (5

ABSTRACT The caterpillar Ascia monuste orseis (Godart) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) stands out as one of the main defoliating pests of brassicas. To mitigate the damage and reduce the impact on human health and the environment that results from the persistent and indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides, it is crucial to consider the use of botanical insecticides as a fundamental alternative for pest control. The aim was therefore to investigate the stimulus-response of the hydroalcoholic crude extract of Ocimum campechianum and of its dichloromethane (DCM) fraction on A. monuste orseis. Leaf consumption (cm2) of caterpillars exposed to the extract, caterpillar mortality in 24 h, total caterpillar mortality, pupal mortality, pupal period duration, and morphological malformation in adults were evaluated. Feeding the caterpillars for eight days with cabbage impregnated with the crude extract and its DCM fraction resulted in decreased caterpillar feeding, increased larval mortality (90%), lengthening of the pupal period (two days), and an increase in adult deformation (50%). Therefore, the crude extract of O. campechianum and its DCM fraction have potential for use in the alternative control of A. monuste orseis. Godart (Godart Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Pieridae brassicas stimulusresponse stimulus response (DCM A cm2 cm (cm2 2 h duration evaluated feeding 90%, 90 90% , (90%) two days, days) 50%. 50 50% . (50%) Therefore O (cm 9 (90% 5 (50% (90 (50 (9 (5 (

RESUMO A pitaya (Selenicereus spp.) é uma frutífera pertencente à família das cactáceas, nativa das regiões tropicais da América Central e do Sul. O cultivo dessa fruta vem sendo considerado promissor devido às características organolépticas e sua alta aceitação no mercado, que desperta o interesse dos produtores. No entanto, há poucas informações disponíveis sobre pragas associadas à pitaya no nordeste brasileiro. Assim, objetivou-se nesse estudo divulgar a ocorrência de Aricoris campestris em um plantio de pitaya na Caatinga. As lagartas desse lepidópetero foram coletadas diretamente de partes das plantas de pitaya, no mês de janeiro de 2021, no município de São João do Cariri - PB (7°23’27” S, 36° 31’57” W), com auxílio de uma pinça, acondicionadas em recipientes plásticos e transportadas para o Laboratório de Invertebrados do Departamento de Biociências no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, no município de Areia - PB. No laboratório, as lagartas foram alimentadas com brotos de pitaya e mantidas sob condições controladas de temperatura e umidade. Ao atingirem a fase de pupa, foram transferidas para uma gaiola de criação, enquanto aguardou-se a emergência dos adultos, para posterior identificação. A identificação do adulto foi realizada por especialista, por comparação com exemplares da Coleção de referência do Laboratório de Ecologia e Interações de Insetos da Caatinga (CLEIIC), Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Patos, PB. O lepidóptero trata-se de Aricoris campestris (Bates, 1868), pertencente à família Riodinidae, tribo Nymphidiini. Selenicereus spp. spp cactáceas Sul mercado produtores entanto brasileiro Assim objetivouse objetivou se 2021 7°2327 72327 7°23 27 7 23 (7°23’27 S 36 3157 31 57 31’57 W, W , W) pinça Paraíba laboratório umidade pupa criação aguardouse aguardou adultos especialista CLEIIC, CLEIIC (CLEIIC) Grande Patos tratase trata Bates, Bates (Bates 1868, 1868 1868) Riodinidae Nymphidiini 202 2327 7°232 7232 723 7°2 2 (7°23’2 3 315 5 31’5 (CLEIIC 186 20 232 72 7° (7°23’ 31’ 18 (7°23 1 (7°2 (7° (7 (

ABSTRACT Pitaya (Selenicereus spp.) is a tropical fruit tree belonging to the Cactaceae family, native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. Your cultivation has been considered promising due to its organoleptic characteristics and its high acceptance in the market. However, little information is available about pests associated with pitaya in northeastern Brazil. Here, we aim to communicate the identification and record of the occurrence of a pest insect in a pitaya plantation in the Caatinga. Caterpillars of this lepidopteran were collected from parts of pitaya plants, in January 2021, in the municipality of São João do Cariri, PB (7° 23'27” S, 36°31'57” W), placed in plastic containers and transported to the Invertebrates Laboratory of the Biosciences Department at the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Paraíba, in the municipality of Areia, PB. Under laboratory conditions, the caterpillars were fed with pitaya shoots and kept in an environment with controlled conditions of temperature and humidity. When they reached the pupal stage, they were transferred to a cage and kept until the adults emerged. Identification of the adult was carried out by a specialist, by comparison with specimens from the Reference Collection of the Laboratory of Ecology and Interactions of Insects of the Caatinga (CLEIIC), belonging to the Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, PB. The lepidopteran is Aricoris campestris (Bates, 1868), belonging to the Riodinidae family, Nymphidiini tribe, which also attacks other cacti in the region and has already been recorded in other areas in northeastern Brazil. Selenicereus spp. spp family America market However Brazil Here plants 2021 Cariri 7° 7 (7 2327 23 27 23'27 S 36°3157 363157 36°31 57 36 31 36°31'57 W, W , W) Paraíba Areia humidity stage emerged specialist CLEIIC, CLEIIC (CLEIIC) Grande Patos Bates, Bates (Bates 1868, 1868 1868) tribe 202 ( 232 2 23'2 3157 36°315 36315 3631 36°3 5 3 36°31'5 (CLEIIC 186 20 23' 315 363 36° 36°31' 18 1

RESUMO Duponchelia fovealis é uma praga severa no cultivo do morangueiro. Na busca de uma alternativa de agente de controle biológico, avaliamos o impacto de uma dieta composta por ovos de Ephestia kuehniella ou D. fovealis oferecidas às larvas de Chrysoperla externa em seu subsequente desenvolvimento e sobrevivência, sob condições controladas. Foram avaliados os parâmetros biológicos e reprodutivos de C. externa e a predação diária de ovos de D. fovealis por C. externa. Por fim, foi construída a tabela de vida de fertilidade. A duração do período do ovo à pupa diferiu significativamente entre as dietas. O peso das pupas de C. externa foi significativamente maior quando alimentadas com ovos de D. fovealis para machos de primeira e segunda geração. Os machos tenderam a viver mais tempo com uma dieta baseada em ovos de D. fovealis, mas não foram detectadas diferenças significativas entre as dietas para as fêmeas. O período de oviposição tendeu a ser mais longo em C. externa alimentada com ovos de D. fovealis. A predação média diária da primeira geração de C. externa foi afetada pela dieta. O tempo entre cada geração e a taxa líquida de reprodução foram maiores para C. externa alimentada com ovos de D. fovealis do que quando alimentada com ovos de E. kuehniella. Nossos resultados comprovaram que os ovos de D. fovealis são uma dieta adequada para o desenvolvimento de C. externa. Esta informação é valiosa no desenvolvimento de protocolos para o uso de C. externa como agente de controle desta praga. morangueiro biológico D sobrevivência controladas C fim fertilidade fêmeas E

ABSTRACT Duponchelia fovealis is an important pest in strawberry crops. In search of an alternative biological control method, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of a diet composed of Ephestia kuehniella or D. fovealis eggs offered to Chrysoperla externa larvae on their subsequent development and survival under controlled conditions. Biological and reproductive parameters of C. externa were assessed. Additionally, the daily predation of D. fovealis eggs by C. externa was analyzed. Finally, a fertility life table was constructed. The egg-to-pupa development time differed significantly between diets. The weights of firstand second-generation male C. externa pupae were significantly higher when fed on D. fovealis eggs. Males tended to live longer on a diet based on D. fovealis eggs, but females presented no significant differences between diets. The oviposition period tended to be longer for C. externa fed on D. fovealis eggs. The time between generations and the net reproductive rate were greater for C. externa fed on D. fovealis eggs. The results showed that D. fovealis eggs are a suitable diet for the development of C. externa. This information is important for developing protocols for the use of C. externa as a biocontrol agent against this pest. crops method D conditions C assessed Additionally analyzed Finally constructed eggtopupa egg pupa diets secondgeneration second generation

ABSTRACT Great advances were made in recent years regarding the description of immatures of Cassidinae and their taxonomy as a whole, but many taxa remain undescribed. This study focuses on updating morphological data for Hybosa acutangula Spaeth, 1913 (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Ischyrosonychini), a tortoise beetle native of South America, which was collected in Fridericia florida (DC.) L. G. Lohmann in the Brazilian Cerrado. We provide descriptions and illustrations of the morphology of the larva, pupa, and genitalia of adults, all of which are novel for this genus. The main discerning features for this species among other Ischyrosonychini are the lack of dark patterns in the dorsum of either the larvae, being limited to the dark scoli and the cranium, or the pupae, and a much reduced anal fork. We also present the first record of parasitism by Chalcididae wasps, Brachymeria sp. Westwood, 1832 and Conura sp. Spinola, 1837. Morphological comparisons remain limited demanding further studies with other species of Ischyrosonychini, as to better understand the placement of this species within the taxonomy of tortoise beetles. whole undescribed Spaeth 191 Chrysomelidae (Chrysomelidae , Ischyrosonychini) America DC. DC (DC. L G Cerrado larva pupa adults genus larvae cranium pupae fork wasps sp Westwood 183 Spinola 1837 beetles 19 (DC 18 1

RESUMO O mosquito da febre amarela, Aedes aegypti, tem sido associado a várias doenças humanas graves. As larvas e os adultos do Ae. aegypti foram amplamente estudados, mas as pupas não receberam muita atenção. Neste estudo, a morfologia externa e a caetotaxia das pupas de Ae. aegypti foram investigadas por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) para determinar características morfológicas adicionais para a identificação adequada da espécie. As pupas de Ae. aegypti apresentam alta mobilidade com rápida submersão em resposta a distúrbios externos. As pupas entram em contato com o ar por meio de chifres respiratórios emparelhados. O corpo da pupa é coberto por uma cutícula translúcida composta por um cefalotórax e um abdômen estreito e articulado. A região anterior do cefalotórax é ocupada por peças bucais e uma cabeça achatada. Os olhos compostos do adulto são visíveis em ambos os lados da cabeça. Antes dos olhos compostos, as antenas emergem na parte superior e são dobradas em sentido inverso ao longo das laterais do tórax. O primeiro segmento abdominal tem dois feixes palmados retos, essenciais para manter o corpo da pupa acima da superfície da água. Comparado com os outros oito segmentos abdominais, o nono é relativamente pequeno; ele possui dois apêndices móveis chamados pás, que são órgãos fundamentais no movimento da pupa, e uma nervura mediana os sustenta. Essa análise morfológica dos atributos das pupas do Ae. aegypti é fundamental para o controle de doenças transmitidas por mosquitos e para a taxonomia. amarela graves Ae estudados atenção estudo MEV (MEV espécie externos emparelhados articulado achatada tórax retos água abdominais pequeno pás sustenta taxonomia

ABSTRACT Yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, has been associated with several severe human diseases. Larvae and adults of Ae. aegypti has been widely studied, but pupae have not received much attention. In this study, external morphology and chaetotaxy of Ae. aegypti pupae were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine additional morphological characteristics for proper species identification. Ae. aegypti pupae exhibit high mobility with rapid submergence in response to external disturbances. Pupae contact air through paired respiratory horns. A pupal body is covered with a translucent cuticle composed of a cephalothorax and a narrow, articulated abdomen. Anterior region of cephalothorax is occupied by mouthparts and a flattened head. Adult's compound eyes are visible on both sides of their head. Before compound eyes, antennae emerge in upper part and are bent in reverse along sides of thorax. First abdominal segment has two straightforward palmate bundles, essential for maintaining pupal body above water's surface. Compared to other eight abdominal segments, ninth is relatively tiny; it holds a couple of movable appendages called paddles which are fundamental organs in pupal movement, and a midrib supports them. This morphological analysis of pupae attributes of Ae. aegypti is critical for controlling mosquito-borne diseases and taxonomy. mosquito Ae studied attention study SEM (SEM identification disturbances horns narrow abdomen head Adults Adult s thorax bundles waters water surface segments tiny movement them mosquitoborne borne taxonomy

Resumo Zatrephina lineata (Fabricius, 1787) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) é um inseto fitófago, principalmente de plantas dos gêneros Ipomoea e Mikania. O objetivo foi estudar o desenvolvimento, a sobrevivência e descrever as fases de vida de Z. lineata alimentada com folhas de Ipomoea pes-caprae. Observações biológicas foram feitas diariamente com auxílio de microscópio estereoscópico e os ínstares desse inseto identificados pela exúvia deixada entre uma muda e outra. A duração do desenvolvimento e sobrevivência dos estágios de ovo, larva e pupa e dos primeiro, segundo, terceiro, quarto e quinto ínstares e do periodo ninfal de Z. lineata diferiu, mas não entre os sexos deste inseto. A duração do desenvolvimento de Z. lineata foi maior na fase larval e no quinto ínstar, e sua sobrevivência maior nas fases de ovo e pupa e no primeiro e quinto ínstares. Os ovos de Z. lineata, de cor creme, são elipsoides e depositados em grupos na superfície adaxial das folhas mais velhas de I. pes-caprae. As larvas desse inseto passam por cinco ínstares, sendo os três primeiros gregários com defesas quimio-comportamentais. As pupas exaradas de Z. lineata, de cor amarelo claro e formato oval achatado dorsoventralmente, fixam-se na superfície abaxial das folhas de I. pes-caprae. O formato dos adultos deste inseto é oval, de cor amarelo palha com listras longitudinais mais claras e as fêmeas são ligeiramente maiores que os machos. Fabricius, Fabricius (Fabricius 1787 Coleoptera (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae fitófago Mikania Z pescaprae. pescaprae pes caprae. caprae pes-caprae outra segundo terceiro diferiu ínstar creme I quimiocomportamentais. quimiocomportamentais quimio comportamentais. comportamentais quimio-comportamentais dorsoventralmente fixamse fixam se machos 178 17 1

Abstract Zatrephina lineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a phytophagous insect, mainly of plants of the genera Ipomoea and Mikania. The objective was to study the development, survival and to describe the life stages of Z. lineata fed on leaves of Ipomoea pes-caprae. Biological observations were made daily with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope and the instars of this insect identified by the exuvia left between one moulting and the next. The duration of development and survival of the egg, larva and pupa stages and the first, second, third, fourth and fifth instars and of the nymph stage of Z. lineata differed, but not between sexes of this insect. The duration of development of Z. lineata was longer in the larval stage and in the fifth instar, and its survival greater in the egg and pupa stages and in the first and fifth instars. Zatrephina lineata eggs, cream-colored, are ellipsoid and deposited in groups on the adaxial surface of older I. pes-caprae leaves. The larvae of this insect go through five instars, with the first three being gregarious with chemo-behavioral defenses. The exarated pupae of Z. lineata, light yellow in color and with an oval shape flattened dorsoventrally, attach to the abaxial surface of the I. pes-caprae leaves. The shape of adults of this insect is oval, straw yellow in color with lighter longitudinal stripes and females are slightly larger than males. Coleoptera (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Mikania Z pescaprae. pescaprae pes caprae. caprae next second third differed instar eggs creamcolored, creamcolored cream colored, colored cream-colored I chemobehavioral chemo behavioral defenses dorsoventrally males

RESUMEN Las moscas Sarcophagidae tienen gran importancia forense, ya que diferentes etapas de su desarrollo larvario son utilizadas en la determinación del intervalo post mortem (IPM) de cadáveres. Sin embargo, para muchas especies los datos sobre el desarrollo intrapupal son escasos. Aquí analizamos el desarrollo intrapupal del sarcofagido Peckia pexata y describimos los cambios cronológicos y morfológicos que ocurren durante la metamorfosis. Criamos aproximadamente 330 especímenes originarios de la Amazonía colombiana en laboratorio. Prepupas se identificaron por la reducción de tamaño y cambio de color. Durante los primeros cinco días se tomaron muestras de cuatro individuos cada tres horas, y posteriormente cada seis horas hasta la emergencia de los adultos. Los especímenes se fijaron en alcohol al 96%, posteriormente se sumergieron en solución Carnoy durante 24 horas y en ácido fórmico (5%) durante 48 horas, para disección y el análisis de los cambios morfológicos. Observamos cuatro etapas del desarrollo intrapupal de P. pexata: 1) larva pupa apolisis, que duró, en promedio, 9 h; 2) pupa criptocefálica, 6 h; 3) pupa fanerocefálica, 6.5 h; y 4) adulto farado (ojos transparentes, 48 h; ojos amarillos, 216 h; ojos rosados, 35 h; y ojos rojos, 52 h). El adulto farado se formó completamente a las 340 h y la emergencia del adulto se produjo a las 372.5 h o 15,5 días. También describimos la formación de la prepupa, la pupariación y la metamorfosis final para el imago y lo comparamos con los eventos conocidos para Peckia intermutans, Peckia lambens (Sarcophagidae) y Lucilia eximia (Calliphoridae). forense IPM (IPM cadáveres embargo escasos 33 laboratorio color adultos 96 96% 2 5% 5 (5% 4 P 1 apolisis duró promedio criptocefálica 3 fanerocefálica 65 6. transparentes amarillos 21 rosados rojos h. . h) 34 3725 372 372. 155 15 15, prepupa intermutans (Sarcophagidae Calliphoridae. Calliphoridae (Calliphoridae) (5 37 (Calliphoridae (

ABSTRACT Sarcophagidae flies have great forensic importance, since different instars of their larval development are used in the determination of the postmortem interval (PMI) of corpses. However, for many species, intrapuparial developmental data are scarce. Here we analyzed the intrapuparial development of the sarcophagid Peckia pexata and describe the chronological and morphological changes that occur during metamorphosis. We reared approximately 330 specimens originating from the Colombian Amazon in the laboratory. Prepupae were identified by size reduction and coloration change. During the first five days of the study, four individuals were sampled every three hours, then every six hours until adult emergence. Specimens were fixed in 96% alcohol, then immersed in Carnoy solution for 24 hours and in formic acid (5%) for 48 hours for dissection and analysis of morphological changes. Four morphological phases of intrapuparial development of P. pexata were observed: 1) larva pupa apolysis, which lasted, in average, 9 h; 2) cryptocephalic pupa, 6 h; 3) phanerocephalic pupa, 6.5 h; and 4) pharate adult (transparent eyes, 48 h; yellow eyes, 216 h; pink eyes, 35 h; and red eyes, 52 h). The pharate adult was fully formed at 340 h and adult emergence occurred at 372.5 h or 15.5 days. We also described the formation of the prepupa, the pupariation and the final metamorphosis for the imago and compared it with the known events for Peckia intermutans, Peckia lambens (Sarcophagidae) and Lucilia eximia (Calliphoridae). importance PMI (PMI corpses However species scarce 33 laboratory change study 96 alcohol 2 5% 5 (5% 4 P observed 1 apolysis lasted average 3 65 6. transparent eyes 21 h. . h) 34 3725 372 372. 155 15 15. prepupa intermutans (Sarcophagidae Calliphoridae. Calliphoridae (Calliphoridae) (5 37 (Calliphoridae (

Abstract The members of the Calliphoridae family (Insecta: Diptera) have a meaningful impact on human and animal health, and they also have forensic significance. The objective of this work was to provide information to the health system (medical-veterinary) about the life cycle of Lucilia purpurascens (Walker) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) by obtaining life tables that allow analysing its population fluctuations under various environmental conditions in the field and laboratory. For this aim, three replicates of each experience were generated, each consisting of full oviposition. Throughout all seasons of the year, the daily mortality of individuals, from eggs to adults, has been monitored in the field. This was contrasted with laboratory experiences using average seasonal climate data. Using the gathered information, life tables for both sexes were constructed. Most stages of development differed between the seasons investigated in the field and the laboratory, with Postfeeding Larvae and Pupa exhibiting a greater mortality. In all seasons, feeding larval mortality was extremely low. This study demonstrates that imago populations in nature are less abundant than those obtained by laboratory breeding. Despite this, the larvae are successful while eating, and this is the condition that has the biggest impact on the medical-veterinary environment. Insecta (Insecta Diptera significance medicalveterinary medical veterinary (medical-veterinary Walker (Walker (Diptera aim generated oviposition year individuals adults data constructed low breeding eating environment

Resumen Introducción. Spodoptera frugiperda tiene la capacidad de formar grandes poblaciones y su alta tasa de diseminación, convierten a esta especie en una plaga de impacto económico. Las pérdidas debido a plagas y enfermedades se estiman en un 37 % de la producción agrícola mundial, con un 13 % a causa de los insectos. Objetivo. Evaluar el ataque, establecimiento y dinámica poblacional de orugas de cogollero en líneas de maíz. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en laboratorio del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias y en el Instituto Tecnológico de Roque, ubicado en Celaya, Guanajuato, en 2019. Se estableció la siembra manual y cuando las plántulas alcanzaron V4, a los veinticinco días después de la siembra, se infestaron con larvas estadio IV. Para medir la dinámica poblacional, se realizaron muestreos a partir del día veintiséis, lo que cubrió todo el ciclo biológico (huevecillos, larva I, larva II, larva III, larva IV, larva V, pupa y adulto). Se empleó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con diez genotipos y diez repeticiones. Resultados. Los estadios de S. frugiperda que generaron mayor variabilidad en las líneas de maíz fueron larvas IV y V. La dinámica poblacional mostró diferencias entre genotipos tolerantes con una población acumulada de cuatro a siete orugas en estadio IV y V, mientras que los susceptibles presentaron siete a veintiuna larvas IV y catorce a veintiuna larvas estadio V. Las líneas sobresalientes de maíz presentaron un acumulado de dos a seis larvas IV y cuatro a cinco orugas en estadio V por planta. Conclusión. La variabilidad fue mayor en los estadios larvarios IV y V de Spodoptera frugiperda, que sucedió entre los 26 y 54 días después de la siembra. En los genotipos tolerantes de maíz se encontraron hasta siete larvas por planta, mientras que en los susceptibles presentaron veintiún orugas.

Abstract Introduction. Spodoptera frugiperda has the ability to form large populations, and its high dissemination rate makes this species an economically impactful pest. Losses due to pests and diseases are estimated at 37 % of global agricultural production, with 13 % caused by insects. Objective. To evaluate the attack, establishment, and population dynamics of fall armyworm larvae in maize lines. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the laboratories of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias and the Instituto Tecnológico de Roque, located in Celaya, Guanajuato, in 2019. Manual sowing was performed, and when the seedlings reached V4 stage, twenty-five days after sowing, they were infested with IV instar larvae. Population dynamics were measured starting from day twenty-six, covering the entire biological cycle (eggs, larva I, larva II, larva III, larva IV, larva V, pupa, and adult). A completely randomized experimental design with ten genotypes and ten replicates was employed. Results. S. frugiperda instar stages that showed the highest variability in maize lines were larvae IV and V. The population dynamics exhibited differences among tolerant genotypes, with an accumulated population of four to seven larvae in stages IV and V, while susceptible genotypes showed seven to twenty-one larvae in stage IV and fourteen to twenty-one in stage V. The outstanding maize presented an accumulation of two to six larvae in stage IV and four to five in stage per plant. Conclusion. The highest variability was observed in S. frugiperda larval stages IV and V, occurring between 26 and 54 days after planting. In the tolerant maize genotypes up to seven larvae were found per plant, while the susceptible ones showed twenty-one caterpillars.

ABSTRACT The whitefly Aleurothrixus floccosus is one of the main foliar pests in citrus orchards at the Pica Oasis, Tarapacá Region. In this regard, the predator Clitostethus arcuatus naturally colonizes infested orchards; however, additional releases are required, making it necessary to rear them with artificial diets. The present study evaluated the effect of three artificial diets, two meridic and one oligidic, and natural diet (A. floccosus) on the postembryonic development and longevity of C. arcuatus under laboratory conditions. The results obtained indicate that embryonic development ranged bet^een 3-4 days (3.25 ± 0.44) with a survival at 100%. Furthermore, there were no significant differences. On the other hand, the four larval stages fed with A. floccosus took a total of 15.13 days [first larval stage (L1), 2.79 ± 0.41 days; second larval stage (L2) 3.63 ± 0.10 days; third larval stage (L3) 4.46 ± 0.51 days; and fourth larval stage (L4) 4.25 ± 0.53 days]; while thepupal stage lasted 4.75 ± 0.53 days. Thus, the development from egg to adult was 23.13 days. In contrast, L1 larvae fed with: meridic diet, meridic diet + tyrosine and oligidic diet recorded a mortality of 100%, without obtaining developed adult individuals. On the other hand, C. arcuatus fed with prey recorded a longevity of 53.13 days. Therefore, the natural diet was the most suitable for the devglopment of the predator. Howe^ver, the data obtained from artificial diets could be attributed to texture and/or consistency, since it is known that C. arcuatus larvae prefer feeding on eggs and nymphs of A. floccosus, requiring further studies of composition and texture diets; subsequently, to develop augmentative biological control programs, within the context of sustainable production and food security.

RESUMEN La mosquita blanca Aleurothrixus floccosus es una de las principales plagas foliares en huertos de cítricos del Oasis de Pica, región de Tarapacá. El depredador Clitostethus arcuatus coloniza naturalmente huertos infestados, sin embargo, se requieren liberaciones adicionales, y es necesaria su crianza basada en dietas artificiales. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de tres dietas artificiales, dos merídicas y una oligídica, y una natural (A. floccosus) sobre el desarrollo postembrionario y longevidad de C. arcuatus en condiciones de laboratorio. Los resultados indican que el desarrollo embrionario varió entre 3-4 días (3,25 ± 0,44) con una supervivencia del 100%. Además, no se registraron diferencias significativas. Por otro lado, los cuatro estadios larvales alimentados con A. floccosus demoraron en total 15,13 días [primer estadio larval (L1), 2,79 ± 0,41 días; segundo estadio larval (L2) 3,63 ± 0,10 días; tercer estadio larval (L3) 4,46 ± 0,51 días; y cuarto estadio (L4) 4,25 ± 0,53 días]. El estado de pupa duró 4,75 ± 0,53 días. Así, el desarrollo desde huevo hasta adulto fue de 23,13 días. En contraste, las larvas L1 alimentadas con dieta merídica, dieta merídica + tirosina y dieta oligídica registraron una mortalidad del 100%, sin obtener individuos adultos desarrollados. Por el contrario, C. arcuatus alimentados con presas mostraron una longevidad de 53,13 días. Según estos resultados, la dieta natural fue la más adecuada para el desarrollo del depredador. Sin embargo, los datos obtenidos de las dietas artificiales podrían atribuirse a la textura o consistencia, ya que las larvas de C. arcuatus prefieren depredar huevos y ninfas de A. floccosus. Por lo tanto, se necesitan estudios adicionales de composición y textura de dietas, para luego desarrollar programas de control biológico aumentativo, dentro del contexto de producción sostenible y seguridad alimentaria.

RESUMEN: Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. es una leguminosa cultivada en zonas tropicales y subtropicales del mundo y fuente de proteínas de bajo costo. Durante su almacenamiento, los granos son infestados por Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab. 1775). El objetivo fue determinar en laboratorio y durante tres generaciones la duración del ciclo de desarrollo, capacidad reproductiva, longevidad y realizar una descripción morfológica de sus estados de desarrollo. El estado de huevo durante las tres generaciones, duró en promedio 3,5 días, en larva 13,0 días la primera y segunda generación y 14,0 días la tercera, la pupa 5,0 días en la primera y segunda y 5,5 días en la tercera. El ciclo de desarrollo durante la primera y segunda generación duró 23,0 días y 24, 5 días en la tercera. El número de huevos promedio total por hembra en la primera generación fue 51,6 ± 3,9; 90,2 ± 3,6 en la segunda y 93,2 ± 10,5 en la tercera. En lo que corresponde a la longevidad de los adultos, esta fue mayor en las hembras que en los machos. Lo realizado nos permite contar con una metodología básica para posteriores estudios de biología en granos almacenados de otras especies de leguminosas que son infestados por este gorgojo en nuestra región.

ABSTRACT: Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. is a legume cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas of the world and a low-cost source of protein. During storage, the grains are infested by Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab. 1775). The aim of this study was to determine in the laboratory and during three generations the duration of the development cycle, reproductive capacity, longevity and to make a morphological description of their development stages. The egg stage during the three generations lasted an average of 3.5 days, in the larva 13.0 days in the first and second generation and 14.0 days in the third, the pupa 5.0 days in the first and second and 5, 5 days in the third. The development cycle for the first and second generations lasted 23.0 days and 24.5 days for the third. The total average number of eggs per female in the first generation was 51.6 ± 3.9; 90.2 ± 3.6 in the second and 93.2 ± 10.5 in the third. Regarding adult longevity, it was higher in females than in males. What has been done allows us to have a basic methodology for subsequent biological studies in stored grains of other legume species that are infested by this weevil in our region.