Abstract: The integration of electric mobility is real nowadays. Government policies increasingly focus on encouraging the use of electric vehicles (EVs); particularly, replacing conventional public mobility with electric buses. An adequate energy management of electric bus systems must optimize resource usage, and extend the lifespan of transport units and charging stations, while providing quality service to users. The performance of the EV transport system depends on various deterministic and stochastic variables that need to be accurately simulated to analyze its behavior as closely as possible to real conditions. In this study, a model for the energy analysis of EVs has been implemented, by using the software SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) and applying it to public transport routes in Quito, Ecuador. Through the executed simulations, energy consumption has been estimated and, a sensitivity analysis of the energy consumption of electric bus units to the variations in relevant parameters in the energy management of public transport systems, has been carried out. The impact of certain parameters on energy consumption has been verified, by indicating a significant decrease in the autonomy of EVs on the simulated route under very similar to reality operating conditions. For study case, autonomy reduction of electric bus is around 27% in comparison with manufacturer's specifications. The analysis of energy performance under various traffic scenarios will allow future optimizations of the electric public transport system operation, since traffic levels, variable traffic flow, and pronounced changes in terrain elevation, are considered.

Resumen: La integración de la movilidad eléctrica es una realidad en el mundo actual, las políticas gubernamentales se enfocan cada vez más en incentivar el uso de vehículos eléctricos (VE) particulares, pero, principalmente en reemplazar la movilidad pública convencional por el uso de buses eléctricos. Una adecuada gestión energética de los sistemas de buses eléctricos debe optimizar el uso de recursos, prolongando la vida útil de las unidades de transporte, estaciones de carga y brindando siempre un servicio de calidad a sus usuarios. El desempeño del sistema de transporte mediante VE depende de diversas variables determinísticas y estocásticas que necesitan ser debidamente simuladas a fin de analizar su comportamiento, lo más cercano a las condiciones reales. En el presente trabajo, mediante la aplicación del software SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility), se ha implementado un modelo para el análisis energético de VE y se lo ha aplicado en rutas de transporte público en Quito-Ecuador. A partir de las simulaciones realizadas se ha estimado el consumo energético y se ha efectuado un análisis de sensibilidad del consumo energético de las unidades de buses eléctricos ante variaciones de parámetros relevantes en la gestión energética de sistemas de transporte público. Para el caso de estudio se comprueba la reducción de la autonomía del bus eléctrico en 27% de acuerdo con la información del fabricante. El análisis del desempeño energético realizado bajo diversos escenarios de tráfico permitirá en futuros trabajos optimizar la operación de los sistemas de transporte público eléctrico, considerando niveles de tráfico, flujo vehicular variable y pronunciados desniveles en su relieve.

Abstract: Following the economic complexity methodology introduced by Hausmann et al. (2013), this study establishes an order of crime evolution in Mexico. This ordering is based on the complexity of crimes, as determined by the capabilities required to commit them. According to the study, the least complex crimes in Mexico include robbery in collective public transport, robbery in individual transport, counterfeiting, and auto parts theft. On the other hand, the crimes characterized by the highest complexity involve organized crime, intentional and unintentional homicide, and the trafficking of minors. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that femicide and rape exhibit the most significant centrality or influence within the criminal network. According to the model, crimes associated with violence against women are those that most increase the probability of committing another crime. Therefore, targeted prevention efforts aimed at reducing femicide and rape may substantially impact overall levels of criminality in Mexico. This study also highlights the importance of addressing violence against women in designing crime prevention policies in Mexico. Moreover, the methodology adopted in this study can be reinterpreted as a spectral clustering algorithm and thus also contributes to the literature on machine learning applications in public policy design.

Resumen: Bajo la metodología de complejidad económica propuesta por Hausmann et al. (2013), esta investigación estableció un ordenamiento de la evolución del crimen en México. Este ordenamiento se basa en la complejidad de los delitos, determinada por las capacidades requeridas para cometerlos. De acuerdo con esta investigación, los delitos con menor complejidad en México incluyen el robo en transporte público colectivo, robo en transporte individual, falsificación y robo de autopartes. Por otro lado, los delitos con mayor complejidad están relacionados con el crimen organizado, el homicidio intencional e involuntario y el tráfico de menores. Además, el análisis reveló que el feminicidio y la violación exhiben la centralidad o influencia más significativa dentro de la red criminal. Según el modelo, los delitos asociados con la violencia contra las mujeres son los que más aumentan la probabilidad de cometer otro delito. Por lo tanto, los esfuerzos de prevención dirigidos a reducir el feminicidio y la violación pueden tener un impacto sustancial en los niveles generales de criminalidad en México. Este estudio también destaca la importancia de abordar la violencia contra las mujeres en el diseño de políticas de prevención del delito en México. Además, la metodología adoptada en este estudio puede ser reinterpretada como un algoritmo de agrupamiento espectral y, por lo tanto, también contribuye a la literatura sobre aplicaciones de aprendizaje automático en el diseño de políticas públicas.

Resumo A análise de componentes principais permite gerar uma redução das dimensões dos problemas com uma perda mínima de informação. Neste caso particular, consegue-se uma redução de ١٤ dimensões originais para três dimensões no caso do serviço de transporte de estudantes da universidade da costa rica e para quatro dimensões no caso do serviço de transporte público regular. A identificação destas dimensões da perceção da qualidade dos serviços de transportes públicos na perspetiva do utilizador pode ser utilizada como um contributo para a definição de prioridades nas intervenções e melhorias dos serviços prestados.

Résumé L’analyse des composantes principales permet de générer une réduction des dimensions des problèmes avec une perte minimale d’information. Dans ce cas particulier, on a atteint une réduction de 14 dimensions originales à 3 dimensions pour le service de transport des étudiants de l’université du costa rica et à 4 dimensions pour le service régulier de transport public. L’identification de ces dimensions, c’est à dire, de la perception ayant trait à la qualité des services de transport public, depuis la perspective de l’usager, peut être utilisée comme un facteur pour prioriser les interventions et améliorations des services fournis.

Abstract The analysis of the main components allows to generate a reduction of the dimensions of the problems with a minimum loss of information. In this particular case, a reduction is achieved from 14 original dimensions to 3 dimensions for the case of the student transport service of the university of costa rica and to 4 dimensions for the regular public transport service. The identification of these dimensions of the perception of the quality of public transport services from the user’s perspective could be used as an input to prioritize interventions and improvements in the services provided.

Resumen El análisis de componentes principales permite generar una reducción de las dimensiones de los problemas con una pérdida mínima de la información. En este caso en particular, se logró una reducción de ١٤ dimensiones originales a tres dimensiones para el caso del servicio de transporte de estudiantes de la universidad de costa rica y a cuatro dimensiones para el servicio regular de transporte público. La identificación de estas dimensiones, es decir, de la percepción en cuanto a la calidad de los servicios de transporte público, desde la perspectiva del usuario, puede ser utilizado como un insumo para priorizar las intervenciones y mejoras en los servicios brindados.

Abstract The general objective of this paper is to make an ex-post evaluation of the Mexico-Toluca Interurban Train project (TIMT) more than nine years after the beginning of its construction stage. The present study is based on the cost-benefit analysis approach, through which some analysis scenarios have been built and whose results are contrasted with the official project evaluations. The present research has focused on the analysis of the TIMT as a microcosm of the scarce efficiency of public investment in Mexico, resulting in a waste of social resources. According to the results of the study, the combination of delays and cost overruns (186% in nominal terms, 114% in real terms, and 90% in dollars) has configured a project (across two Federal Government Administrations) with negative social profitability, with losses valued at more than 550 million dollars, placing it in the most problematic quartile of train projects in the world.

Resumen El objetivo general de este trabajo es hacer una evaluación ex-post del proyecto del Tren Interurbano México-Toluca (TIMT) a más de nueve años del inicio de su etapa de construcción. El presente estudio se basa en el enfoque del análisis costo-beneficio, mediante el cual se han construido algunos escenarios de análisis cuyos resultados se contrastan con las evaluaciones oficiales del proyecto. El presente trabajo se ha enfocado en el análisis del TIMT como un microcosmos de la poca eficiencia de la inversión pública en México y, consecuentemente, del dispendio de los recursos sociales. Según los resultados del estudio, la combinación de retrasos y sobrecostos (186% en términos nominales, 114% en términos reales, y 90% en dólares) ha configurado un proyecto trans sexenal con rentabilidad social negativa, con pérdidas valoradas en más de 550 millones de dólares, ubicándolo en el cuartil más problemático de los proyectos de trenes en el mundo.

Abstract The arrival of ride-hailing apps in Brazil has raised concerns about their negative impacts on urban mobility. However, it was expected that they could serve as a complement to public transport and as a substitute for private cars, theoretically improving urban accessibility and potentially reducing inequalities in urban mobility. This study assessed this hypothesis in the city of Porto Alegre/State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and described the access of different socioeconomic groups to the city's main destinations using an accessibility indicator composed of time and monetary cost. Results indicate that ride-hailing apps significantly exacerbate inequality between income groups, particularly for frequent trips. However, they can be a viable option for occasional trips even for low- -income communities. ridehailing ride hailing mobility However cars AlegreState Alegre State RS (RS citys s cost low communities

Resumo A chegada dos aplicativos de transporte ao Brasil gerou preocupações quanto a seus impactos negativos na mobilidade urbana, porém havia a expectativa de um serviço complementar aos sistemas públicos e de substituição dos automóveis privados, aumentando, em tese, a acessibilidade das cidades e podendo reduzir as desigualdades na mobilidade urbana. Este estudo avaliou essa hipótese em Porto Alegre/RS, descrevendo o acesso de diferentes grupos socioeconômicos aos principais destinos da cidade por meio de um indicador de acessibilidade composto por tempo e custo monetário. Os resultados indicam que os aplicativos aumentam fortemente a desigualdade entre os estratos, especialmente em viagens frequentes. Porém, eles podem ser uma opção viável para deslocamentos ocasionais até para a população de baixa renda. urbana privados aumentando tese AlegreRS Alegre RS Alegre/RS monetário estratos frequentes Porém renda

Abstract The aging of the world population intensifies discussions about the inadequacy of cities to meet the needs of older people. Free public transport is not enough to provide greater inclusion for this age group. This article aims to present reflections on the effectiveness of free public transport for the inclusion of older people in the city of São Paulo. Qualitative, exploratory research and a documentary survey were carried out. As a result, complementary items are suggested for the implementation of free public transport for older people, relating to public policies, infrastructure, transport systems, education, and incorporation of technologies. It is concluded that these suggestions contribute to the proposition of aspects to be addressed in future studies and the new Legal Framework for Collective Public Transport, aiming at more inclusive cities. group Paulo Qualitative out result policies infrastructure systems education technologies Transport

Resumo O envelhecimento da população mundial acirra as discussões sobre a inadequação das cidades às suas necessidades. A gratuidade no transporte público não basta para proporcionar maior inclusão da pessoa idosa. Este artigo visa apresentar reflexões acerca da efetividade do transporte público gratuito para a inclusão de pessoas idosas na cidade de São Paulo. Realizaram-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, e um levantamento documental. Como resultado, sugerem-se itens complementares à implementação da gratuidade no transporte público para pessoas idosas, relativos a políticas públicas, infraestrutura, sistemas de transporte, educação e incorporação de tecnologias. Conclui-se que essas sugestões contribuem para a proposição de aspectos a serem endereçados em estudos futuros e no novo Marco Legal do Transporte Público Coletivo, visando a cidades mais inclusivas. necessidades idosa Paulo Realizaramse Realizaram se qualitativa exploratória documental resultado sugeremse sugerem públicas infraestrutura tecnologias Concluise Conclui Coletivo inclusivas

Abstract In the pursuit of more sustainable and just mobilities, academic debates have regarded public participation as a fundamental component in transport and mobility planning. However, little has been discussed about the role of participation in mobility justice in the Global South, where mobilities are not always fair and inclusive. Against this backdrop, this paper adopts an innovative theoretical and methodological framework to investigate the practices, dynamics, and significance of participation within and outside state-led mobility planning in Brazil. The findings from Rio de Janeiro and Porto Alegre provide evidence of a range of spaces for participation and their importance in combating mobility injustices in informal settlements. However South inclusive backdrop practices dynamics stateled state led Brazil settlements

Resumo Na busca por uma mobilidade urbana mais sustentável e justa, os debates acadêmicos têm considerado a participação da sociedade como um componente fundamental no planejamento de transporte e mobilidade. No entanto, pouco se discutiu sobre o papel da participação na justiça da mobilidade no Sul Global, onde a mobilidade nem sempre é justa e inclusiva. Diante desse cenário, este artigo adota um referencial teórico e metodológico inovador para investigar as práticas, as dinâmicas e os significados da participação dentro e fora do planejamento da mobilidade estatal no Brasil. As descobertas do Rio de Janeiro e de Porto Alegre fornecem evidências sobre diferentes espaços de participação e sua importância no combate a injustiças da mobilidade em assentamentos informais. entanto Global inclusiva cenário práticas Brasil informais

ABSTRACT Based on the application of the first pilot mobility survey in households and at strategic points of land and sea public transport in the islands of the Chiloé Archipelago, this article aims to describe and analyze the mobility dynamics of those who inhabit these territories, highlighting the modes of transport, reasons for travel, times and other factors related to island mobilities. Through a statistical-descriptive presentation of the data, the main results are identified: the importance of the use of interurban terrestrial transport, the attractiveness of intermediate cities as concentrators of services and activities; the relevance of marine transport in the minor islands of Chiloé; work, studies and health as the main reasons for travel; and the intermodality in the use of transport to access destinations of interest in this insular territory.

RESUMEN A partir de la aplicación de la primera encuesta piloto de movilidad en hogares y en puntos estratégicos del transporte público terrestre y marítimo en las islas del archipiélago de Chiloé, este artículo tiene por objetivo describir y analizar las dinámicas de movilidades de quienes habitan estos territorios, enfatizando en los modos de transporte, motivos de viaje, tiempos y otros factores relacionados con las movilidades isleñas. A través de una presentación estadística descriptiva de los datos, se identifican como principales resultados la importancia del uso de transporte terrestre interurbano; el carácter atractor de las ciudades intermedias, en tanto concentradoras de servicios y actividades; la relevancia del transporte marítimo en islas menores de Chiloé; el trabajo, los estudios y la salud como principales motivos de viajes; y la intermodalidad en el uso de transportes para acceder a destinos de interés en este territorio insular.

ABSTRACT The growing need for information of economic agents is not always satisfied by public administration’s open data sources. Furthermore, the increasingly changing conditions require updated and frequent control. The digitization of society, particularly in the real estate sector, offers many information alternatives, such as the prices featured in portals used to search for housing on the Internet. Based on data from the Spanish Ministry of Transport, Mobility and Urban Agenda, this study analyzes the relationship between portals’ prices and rental market prices, for 177 geographical areas of different characteristics in the Community of Madrid. The results empirically demonstrate a high degree of correlation between the offer and rental series, thus the data featured in these portals is a valid source candidate for conducting detailed and updated analyses of rental markets.

RESUMEN La creciente necesidad de información de los agentes económicos no siempre se ve satisfecha por las fuentes de datos abiertas de la Administración Pública. La digitalización de la sociedad, en particular en el sector inmobiliario, ofrece un gran número de alternativas informativas, como los precios de los portales para la búsqueda de vivienda en internet. Este estudio analiza la relación entre los precios de oferta de los portales y los precios de mercado de alquiler, a partir de los datos del Ministerio de Transportes, Movilidad y Agenda Urbana de España, para 177 áreas geográficas en la Comunidad de Madrid. Los resultados demuestran empíricamente que las series de oferta y de alquiler guardan un alto grado de correlación; por tanto, se confirma que los datos de portales son un candidato válido para el análisis detallado y actualizado del mercado del alquiler.

Abstract This article has the objective of study the inter-island aerial accessibility in the Azores Islands (Portugal). As a space with a particular territorial fragmentation and, furthermore, distant between the different islands, air transport is of vital importance for the socioeconomic development of the Archipelago, promoting the mobility of residents and the increase in tourism. This is penalized in the Azores by the low demographic and economic weight, and also by the notorious imbalance between islands. Methodologically, we study several accessibility parameters, focusing on hourly operations, since it is the one that we detected that presents the worst ratios. For this, we take the inter-island air schedules of 12 years (2009-2020) of the winter seasons, with a greater probability of use by residents and, therefore, for reasons of travel related to business, health, administration, etc. As a result of this article, we discovered that although positive work has been done with the introduction of air public service obligations, imposing a certain number of frequencies, seats, rate caps, etc., the little interest in working in an adaptation of the operating hours based on demand, is leading to availability of time for travelers at destination - in a round-trip operation on the same day, very frequent in inter-island mobility, hardly positive for travelers in more than 70% of the operational routes.

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise da acessibilidade aérea inter-ilhas nas ilhas dos Açores (Portugal). Enquanto espaço afetado pela fragmentação territorial e, ainda por cima, distante entre as diferentes ilhas, o transporte aéreo assume uma importância vital para o desenvolvimento socioeconómico do Arquipélago, facilitando a mobilidade dos residentes e o aumento do turismo. Esta situação é agravada nos Açores pelo baixo peso demográfico e económico, para além do notório desequilíbrio entre ilhas. Metodologicamente, analisamos vários parâmetros de acessibilidade, focando-nos nas operações horárias, pois é onde detetámos os piores rácios. Para tal, tomamos como base os horários das conexões aéreas inter-ilhas de 12 anos (2009-2020) das épocas de inverno, com maior probabilidade de utilização por residentes e, portanto, por motivos de deslocação relacionados com negócios, saúde, administração, etc. Como resultado do artigo, detetamos que embora se tenha trabalhado positivamente com a introdução de obrigações de serviço público aéreo, impondo um certo número de frequências, lugares, tetos tarifários, etc., o pouco interesse em trabalhar num ajustamento dos horários de funcionamento em função da procura está a levar a uma disponibilidade de tempo no destino - numa operação de ida e volta no mesmo dia, muito recorrente na mobilidade inter-ilhas, pouco favorável paraos viajantes em mais de 70% das rotas operacionais.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo la realización de un análisis de la accesibilidad aérea interinsular en las Islas Azores (Portugal). Como espacio afectado por una fragmentación territorial y, además, distante entre las diferentes islas, el transporte aéreo es de vital importancia para el desarrollo socioeconómico del Archipiélago, facilitando la movilidad de los residentes y creciente turismo. Ello se ve agravado en Azores por el escaso peso demográfico y económico, además con notorio desequilibrio entre islas. Metodológicamente, analizamos varios parámetros de accesibilidad, centrándonos en la operativa horaria, ya que es la que detectamos que presenta peores ratios. Para ello tomamos los horarios aéreos interinsulares de 12 años (2009-2020) de las temporadas de invierno, con mayor probabilidad de uso por residentes y, por ende, por motivos de desplazamiento relacionados con negocios, sanitarios, administración, etc. Como resultados del artículo, detectamos que si bien se ha trabajado positivamente con la introducción de las obligaciones de servicio público aéreo, imponiendo un determinado número de frecuencias, asientos, tope de tarifas, etc., el escaso interés en la mejora de los horarios de operatividad en función de la demanda, está llevando a disponibilidades de tiempo en destino - en una operativa de ida y vuelta en la misma jornada, muy recurrente en la movilidad interinsular, escasamente favorable para los viajeros en más del 70% de las rutas operativas.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud primario conforman estructuras sociales que agravan la situación de salud de los adolescentes, impactando negativamente en el ejercicio pleno de la salud sexual reproductiva, situando a los adolescentes en una población de riesgo social. Objetivo: Determinar las barreras en el acceso a los servicios primarios de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva de atención diferenciada a los adolescentes del Centro de Salud I - 4 Pampa Grande Tumbes 2018. Metodología: Estudio analítico de caso control, se entrevistaron a 288 adolescentes del tercero, cuarto y quinto de secundaria de la institución educativa pública Túpac Amaru del centro poblado Pampa Grande de Tumbes en el año 2019, entre experimento y control con una razón de 1 a 1. Se aplicaron cuestionarios anónimos para evaluar las barreras de accesibilidad a los servicios primarios de salud. Se recogieron variables: características sociodemográficas y culturales que son consideradas, como barreras de acceso a los servicios de salud. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial con el programa SPSS® v.23. Resultados: La edad, sexo e ingreso económico están directa y significativamente relacionadas con la accesibilidad a los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva (p<0.01 IC 95 %); La disposición de recursos económicos para asumir los costos de traslado al centro de salud (OR = 4,23); la utilización del transporte público (OR = 1,58), el conocimiento de los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva (OR = 1,15) incrementan la probabilidad de acceder a los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva de los adolescentes. Discusión: Las barreras socioeconómicas a los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva de los adolescentes son modificables y dependen de la gestión en salud pública.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The barriers to access to primary health services make up social structures that aggravate the health situation of adolescents, negatively impacting the full exercise of reproductive sexual health, placing adolescents in a population at social risk. Objective: To determine the barriers in the access to the primary services of Sexual and Reproductive Health of differentiated attention to the adolescents of the Health Center I - 4 Pampa Grande Tumbes 2018. Methods: Analytical case control study, 288 adolescents from the third, fourth and fifth grade of secondary school of the public educational institution Túpac Amaru in the Pampa Grande de Tumbes town center were interviewed in 2019, between experiment and control with a ratio of 1 to 1. Anonymous questionnaires were applied to assess accessibility barriers to primary health services. Variables were collected: sociodemographic and cultural characteristics that are considered as barriers to access to health services. A descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out with the SPSS® v.23 program. Results: Age, sex and economic income are directly and significantly related to accessibility to sexual and reproductive health services (p<0.01 95% CI); The availability of economic resources to assume the costs of transportation to the health center (OR = 4.23); the use of public transport (OR = 1.58), knowledge of sexual and reproductive health services (OR = 1.15) increase the probability of accessing sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents. Discussion: Socioeconomic barriers to sexual and reproductive health services for adolescents are modifiable and depend on public health management.

RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la incidencia de la inversión pública sobre la recaudación del impuesto predial en gobiernos locales provinciales de la macrorregión sur del Perú durante el período 2010-2020. El tipo de estudio es aplicado, bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, tipo longitudinal de panel, de carácter descriptivo y explicativo. Los datos para cada municipalidad provincial fueron extraídos del portal informativo del Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (MEF) segmentadas mediante el análisis de conglomerados. El método de estimación econométrica toma en cuenta la metodología para datos longitudinales de panel. Teniendo en cuenta el análisis de conglomerados y las estimaciones econométricas, los resultados muestran que un incremento del 1% en la inversión pública en transportes, saneamiento y cultura y deporte, provocó un aumento en la recaudación del impuesto predial de aproximadamente 0,3182%, 0,1208% y 0,0923% respectivamente (primer clúster); un incremento del 1% en la inversión pública en transportes, cultura y deporte, provocó un aumento en la recaudación del impuesto predial de aproximadamente 0,2588% y 0,1434% respectivamente (segundo clúster); y un incremento del 1% en la inversión pública en transportes y saneamiento, provocó un aumento en la recaudación del impuesto predial de aproximadamente 0,2923% y 0,1377% respectivamente (tercer clúster).

ABSTRACT The objective of the research is to analyze the incidence of public investment on property tax collection in provincial local governments of the southern macro region of Peru during the period 2010 to 2020. The type of study is applied, under the quantitative approach, design non-experimental, longitudinal panel type, descriptive and explanatory. The data for each provincial municipality were extracted from the information portal of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) segmented through cluster analysis. The econometric estimation method takes into account the methodology for longitudinal panel data. Taking into account the cluster analysis and econometric estimates, the results show that a 1% increase in public investment in transportation, sanitation, and culture and sports, caused an increase in property tax collection of approximately 0.3182%, 0.1208%. and 0.0923% respectively (first cluster), a 1% increase in public investment in transport, culture and sports, caused an increase in property tax collection of approximately 0.2588% and 0.1434% respectively (second cluster) and an increase in the 1% in public investment in transportation and sanitation, caused an increase in property tax collection of approximately 0.2923% and 0.1377% respectively (third cluster).

ABSTRACT Foundation: Taking care of the mental health of vehicle drivers is essential for them to be competitive and to prevent traffic accidents because one of the causes of accidents is the poor mental health of drivers. Objective: Determine the relevance of mental health care for vehicle drivers to avoid accidents and to make them competitive. Methods: The sample was 219 drivers and collectors of land transportation in Trujillo, La Libertad, Peru; who answered the General Well-being Test-5, previously applied in Peru by other researchers, made up of 5 composite questions. The null (Ho) and alternate (Ha) hypothesis test; were raised with a respect to the decisive score of 54.75 points. Results: For questions 2 and 4, the alternative hypothesis was approved with the indication that mental health care for drivers is pertinent so that they can be relaxed; also so that they rest well and start the day feeling well rested. For questions 1, 3 and 5, the null hypothesis was accepted. Conclusions: It is perceived that the lowest averages correspond to questions 2 and 4, then mental health care is pertinent for public transport drivers, so that they can receive psychological assistance to feel relaxed and rested. For the other questions, the null hypothesis is accepted.

RESUMEN Fundamento: Cuidar la salud mental de los conductores de vehículos, es indispensable para que estos sean competitivos y para prevenir accidentes de tránsito, debido a que una de las causas de los accidentes, es la deficiente salud mental de los conductores. Objetivo: Determinar la pertinencia de la atención en salud mental de conductores de vehículos para evitar accidentes y para que sean competitivos. Métodos: La muestra fue de 219 conductores y cobradores de transporte terrestre en Trujillo, La Libertad, Perú; que contestaron el Test de Bienestar General-5, anteriormente aplicado en el Perú por otros investigadores, conformado por 5 preguntas compuestas. La prueba de Hipótesis nula (Ho) y alterna (Ha); se plantearon con una respecto al puntaje decisorio de 54,75 puntos. Resultados: Para las preguntas 2 y 4 se aprobó la hipótesis alterna con la indicación de que es pertinente la atención de salud mental para conductores para que puedan estar relajados; descansen bien e inicien el día sintiéndose sosegados. Para las preguntas 1, 3 y 5 se aceptó la hipótesis nula. Conclusiones: se percibe que los promedios más bajos se corresponden con las preguntas 2 y 4, entonces es pertinente la atención en salud mental para que los conductores de transporte público, puedan recibir asistencia psicológica para sentirse relajados y descansados. Para las demás preguntas se acepta la hipótesis nula.

Abstract The participation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in recreation and leisure activities can be influenced by environmental factors. The recognition and understanding of these factors as barriers or facilitators of these activities are essential to guarantee the right of these children to participate on equal terms with other people in society. In this context, the objective of this integrative review was to identify environmental barriers and facilitators in the participation of children with CP in recreation and leisure activities. The integrative review method proposed by Whittemore and Knafl (2005) was used. Studies published between 2011 and 2022 in Portuguese and/or English were selected from MEDLINE indexing sources via PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS, SCOPUS and Web of Science. Nine studies were included in the review – most of them cross-sectional in design and qualitative in approach. The following participation facilitators were identified: support from parents, peers and teachers; interaction with adults; therapies; material conditions; activities at home, school and in the community; diversity of toys; and cultural activities. The following barriers to participation were identified: lack of access to public transport; negative attitudes; lack of choice and less parental interaction; and lack of adequacy of activities. The Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and the concepts of participation pyramid and family of constructs were fundamental in identifying environmental barriers and facilitators in the participation of children with CP. It is suggested that future studies be conducted to assess the quality and strength of the evidence for participants under 11 years of age. (CP society context 2005 (2005 used 201 202 andor PubMed EMBASE SciELO LILACS Science crosssectional cross sectional approach identified parents teachers adults therapies conditions home community toys transport attitudes Functioning ICF (ICF 1 age 200 (200 20 (20 2 (2 (

Resumo A participação de crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC) em atividades de recreação e lazer pode ser influenciada por fatores ambientais. O reconhecimento e compreensão desses fatores como barreiras ou facilitadores dessas atividades são essenciais para garantir o direito de participação dessas crianças em condições de igualdade com as demais pessoas da sociedade. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi identificar as barreiras e facilitadores ambientais na participação de crianças com PC em atividades de recreação e lazer. Utilizou-se o método de revisão integrativa proposto por Whittemore e Knafl (2005). Estudos publicados entre 2011 e 2022 nos idiomas português e/ou inglês foram selecionados a partir das fontes de indexação MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, SciELO, LILACS, SCOPUS e Web of Science. Nove estudos foram incluídos na revisão – a maioria de desenho transversal e abordagem qualitativa. Os seguintes facilitadores da participação foram identificados: apoio dos pais, pares e professores; interação com adultos; terapias; condições materiais; atividades em casa, na escola e na comunidade; diversidade de brinquedos; e atividades culturais. As seguintes barreiras à participação foram identificadas: falta de acesso a transportes públicos; atitudes negativas; falta de escolha e menor interação dos pais; e falta de adequação das atividades. A Classificação de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) e os conceitos pirâmide de participação e família de constructos foram fundamentais para identificar as barreiras e facilitadores ambientais na participação de crianças com PC. Sugere-se que estudos futuros sejam conduzidos para avaliar a qualidade e a força da evidência para participantes com 11 anos de idade incompletos. (PC sociedade contexto Utilizouse Utilizou se 2005. 2005 . (2005) 201 202 eou PubMed EMBASE SciELO LILACS Science qualitativa identificados pais professores adultos terapias materiais casa comunidade brinquedos culturais identificadas públicos negativas Funcionalidade CIF (CIF Sugerese Sugere 1 incompletos 200 (2005 20 (200 2 (20 (2 (

ABSTRACT In this study, optimization models for the production and logistics tactical planning of the corn supply chain are presented and several outputs are explored. They consider the domestic market for animal consumption, ethanol production, and the international market. They are mainly oriented to support policies and decisions of public agents who have some interference in the supply chain. To evaluate the consistency and effectiveness of the models, they were applied to solve realistic problem instances of the Brazilian corn supply chain considering different scenarios and using data collected from several sources. The outcomes demonstrated that models can produce analysis considering aspects that have not been fully addressed in the literature before, such as some opportunities to use different modes of transport for corn distribution, to contract extra capacity for stocking and the impacts of some state taxes on its production and logistic systems. Other important aspects explored in the scenario analysis are the identification of capacity bottlenecks and investment opportunities. The conclusions and insights are converted into practical interpretations to support relevant supply chain decisions. study consumption sources before distribution systems