Education systems are shaped by various internal and external contextual forces (De Beer, 2017). External contextual trends typically include language, demography, geography, technology, politics, and financial and economic trends. Religion represents one of these external contextual trends that can affect an education system (see Van der Walt, Potgieter & Wolhuter, 2010; Wolhuter & Van der Walt, 2018). Making use of established metabletic-comparative methodology, this article seeks to highlight the impact of religion as a formative factor of education in the BRICS countries. Religion is treated significantly differently in the education systems of the BRICS member states. In schools in India and China, no religious activities are allowed in accordance with the respective constitutions, while any religious activities may take place in schools in Brazil, Russia and South Africa, provided that the activities comply with particular guidelines. Broadly considered, any religious activities are conducted in primary schools in Brazil, provided that attendance is voluntary. Religion in Brazilian schools is influenced by the strong position of the Roman Catholic faith in Brazilian society, which could potentially be detrimental to minority groups in Brazil (Senefonte, 2018:440). Learners in Russia, according to Russian law, are free to choose for themselves the religious module in which they wish to receive education. Schools in Russia do not, however, always implement this legislation correctly, since a school's resources actually determine which module the learners should take. The manner in which religion is being dealt with, causes unhappiness among learners and parents as they do not really have freedom of choice regarding the religious module in which they wish to receive instruction (Zöllner, 2016). The legislation in China clearly states that no religious activities may take place in public schools, yet the ruling party of China intends to enshrine tenets of atheism in learners in schools (Vickers, 2022; Wang & Froese, 2020). Compared to the other BRICS member states, China has the most officially, constitutionally recognised ethnic groups. In terms of legislation and policy formulations, the ethnic minority groups obtain various benefits in terms of education. The wide variety of ethnic groupings poses various challenges to the government of China as the views of all these groups in the education system have to be taken into account. Various documents, including the South African Schools Act 76 of 1996, and other education policies provide clear guidelines as to how religion ought to be dealt with in South African schools. In South Africa, learners are taught various major deities worldwide. All learners in South Africa are exposed to the concept of religion through the subject Life Orientation (Grades 7-12). Teachers in South Africaface the challenge of respecting all kinds of religions and not preaching their own views on a religion. This challenge of respecting all religions can result in conflict in schools, as learners may feel that they will be discriminated against if one type of religion is singled out, for example during assembly. This underscores the role and value of South African teachers in inculcating citizenship values (see Wolhuter, Janmaat, Van der Walt & Potgieter, 2020). The Government of India faces opposition from minority groups with regard to religion in schools as the socio-political hegemony religion is especially preferred in terms of the drafting of academic textbooks (Traub, 2018). This preferential treatment of a particular religion is contrary to the Indian constitution, as no single religion may be singled out, nor should any religion be discriminated against (Majumdar, 2018). The preference given to a particular religion in textbooks can result in a negative impact on the education system of India. The analysis and interpretation show that there is still a close relationship between religion and education in the BRICS countries. However, all five BRICS member states face different problems regarding religion and each of the five member states also deals with its problems differently. This conclusion is now unpacked in this summary, and in detail defended in the ensuing full text. In terms of dealing with religion, South Africa appears to be more tolerant than Brazil, Russia, India and China, although this tolerance still causes more problems for the South African government, in the sense of opposition from various adherents of a wide variety of faith groupings who would like schools to play a role in strengthening the religious beliefs of their children. Several court cases have been fought in South Africa as schools struggle to accommodate the wishes of all religious groups in South Africa (see Nthontho, 2020). In contrast to forces in all the BRICS countries trying to separate religion and (public) education, the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, the proto-charter of Human Rights Charters in the contemporary world, Article 26 states that everyone has the right to education, education should be oriented towards the total development of the child's personality, and that parents have a preferential right to decide on the type of education their children should receive. The BRICS member states can learn from each other how to deal with religion in schools, even though none have yet managed to deal satisfactorily with religion in education. The common factor among all five BRICS countries is that religion is used again and again (consciously or unconsciously) to reinforce political or ideological hegemony. It seems that the shortcoming in all these countries is pointing to a lack of recognition of the place and role of religion in the lives of their citizens and that secular-political objectives, notably the forcing of official ideological hegemony, as well as the achievement of national unity above the full recognition of religious freedom, are also stated in the education system and in citizens 'choice of the kind of religious education of their children. As a result, the role of religion in creating a strong moral fibre for a society therefore never seems to come into its own. Moreover, judging by the United Nations Charter's Human Rights provisions on education, educative education (incl. teaching and learning), in accordance with its full scope of semantic value, does not currently come into its own. The same seems to be the case as regards the human right to parental advocacy with respect to religious education. The experience of the BRICS countries in terms of religion-in-education shows that it is sensible and even necessary, for example, along the path of enlarged parental speech in education and school autonomy, to allow more room for religious freedom in education. The BRICS countries are currently being proposed as the leading grouping of the Global South in a new formative world order. Against this background, current trends regarding religion-in-education in these countries therefore probably represent a bold example. However, it should nonetheless be denounced by the academic community and better examples should subsequently be extracted and presented from other national education systems from future research.

'n Onderwysstelsel word deur verskeie samelewingskontekstuele kragte gevorm. Hierdie kontekstuele faktore sluit taal, demografie, geografie, tegnologie, politiek en finansiële en ekonomiese tendense in. Godsdiens is een van die laasgenoemde tendense wat 'n onderwys-stelsel kan beïnvloed. Die BRICS-organisasie bestaan uit Brasilië, Rusland, Indië, Sjina en Suid-Afrika en is 'n supra-nasionale blok wat baie aandag in die openbare sowel as akademiese diskoers oor internasionale politiek en maatskaplike kwessies trek (De Beer, 2017). Godsdiens word wyd geag as 'n omstrede en sensitiewe faktor in onderwysstelsels (sien Van der Walt, Potgieter & Wolhuter, 2010). In hierdie artikel word godsdiens as vormgewende faktor van die onderwysstelsels in die BRICS-lande ondersoek, om die waarde daarvan as 'n aanskouingsles vir Suid-Afrika en ander lande te bepaal. Die BRICS-lidlande is doelbewus vir hierdie navorsing gekies weens die besondere waarde van hierdie lande as vertoonvenster van onderwysstelsels se antwoord op samelewingstendense van die een-en-twintigste eeu. Dokumentontleding is uitgevoer ten opsigte van beleidsdokumente, wetgewing, artikels en staatspublikasies, ten einde inligting in te samel. In die verwerking en interpretasie van inligting is die metableties-vergelykende metode gebruik ten einde beste praktyke ten opsigte van die hantering van godsdiens in die onderwysstelsels vanuit die BRICS-lidlande te identifiseer. Die ondersoek het ernstige tekortkominge in al die BRICS-lande se hantering van godsdiens in onderwys aan die lig gebring. Nie een van die lande se beleid of praktyk slaag die toets, soos gemeet aan die Verenigde Nasies se Handves van Menseregte nie. Die noodsaak van voortgesette navorsing oor die plek van godsdiens in die onderwysstelsels van die wêreld word ten slotte verduidelik.

RESUMEN El fenómeno inmigratorio que vive el Ecuador, es un hecho que obliga al establecimiento de políticas públicas y educación para una sana convivencia entre ciudadanos nacionales y extranjeros. Se presenta un estudio desde la perspectiva constitucional, determinando el papel desarrollado por la función legislativo para proteger a este grupo social, parte del conocimiento teórico general sobre las políticas públicas respecto a los migrantes en la República del Ecuador y reconoce la migración como un concepto holístico ligado a intervenciones gubernamentales, se analiza la producción legislativa respecto a las políticas públicas del país desde el año 2017 al 2022, en especial los que brindan garantías fundamentales y como resultado el conocer que todas las personas consideradas refugiadas y migrantes son un grupo de atención prioritaria y de decisiones y programas de gobierno para garantizar los principios de ciudadanía universal, que les permita a los migrantes alcanzar mejores condiciones de vida en relación con los derechos humanos.

ABSTRACT The immigration phenomenon that Ecuador is experiencing is a fact that requires the establishment of public policies and education for a healthy coexistence between nationals and foreigners. A study is presented from the constitutional perspective, determining the role developed by the legislative function to protect this social group, part of the general theoretical knowledge about public policies regarding migrants in the Republic of Ecuador and recognizes migration as a holistic concept linked to government interventions, legislative production is analyzed with respect to public policies in the country from 2017 to 2022, especially those that provide fundamental guarantees and as a result the knowledge that all persons considered refugees and migrants are a group of priority attention and government decisions and programs to ensure the principles of universal citizenship, allowing migrants to achieve better living conditions in relation to human rights.

Resumen Este artículo aborda las reglas generales del deporte en Brasil y Portugal, desde una perspectiva comparada. Se parte del supuesto de que el deporte debe ser el foco de atención estatal y de las políticas públicas como estrategia de desarrollo de la ciudadanía. El objetivo principal es analizar comparativamente la legislación deportiva en Brasil y Portugal, especialmente las leyes que establecieron las reglas generales para este sector a nivel nacional. Para ello, se realizó una investigación descriptivo-analítica con enfoque cualitativo y alcance exploratorio, organizada a partir del trabajo de campo y el análisis y tratamiento de material empírico y documental. El análisis de contenido de los documentos confirmó que en Brasil el financiamiento es el tema principal en la acción normativa del Estado, mientras que en Portugal el ejercicio regulatorio es la principal preocupación. En ambos países se pudo observar el impacto de megaeventos en el ámbito legislativo, con la producción de actos excepcionales. comparada ciudadanía nacional ello descriptivoanalítica descriptivo analítica exploratorio documental Estado preocupación legislativo excepcionales

Abstract This article addresses the general rules of sport in Brazil and Portugal, from a comparative perspective. It starts from the assumption that sport should be the focus of state attention and public policies as a citizenship development strategy. The main objective is to comparatively analyze the sports legislation in Brazil and Portugal, especially the acts that established the general rules for this sector at the national level. For this, a descriptive-analytical research with a qualitative approach and exploratory scope was carried out, organized from field work and analysis and treatment of empirical and documental material. The content analysis of the documents confirmed that in Brazil financing is the main issue in the State's normative action, while in Portugal the regulatory exercise is the main concern. In both countries, it was possible to observe the impact of mega-events in the legislative sphere, with the production of exceptional acts. perspective strategy level descriptiveanalytical descriptive analytical out material States State s action concern countries megaevents mega events sphere

Resumo Este artigo aborda as normas gerais do esporte no Brasil e Portugal a partir de uma perspectiva comparativa. Parte-se do pressuposto que o esporte deve ser foco de atenção estatal e das políticas públicas como estratégia de desenvolvimento da cidadania. O objetivo principal é analisar comparativamente a legislação esportiva de Brasil e Portugal, sobretudo os atos que estabeleceram as normas gerais para este setor em âmbito nacional. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritivo-analítica de abordagem qualitativa e abrangência exploratória, organizada a partir de trabalho de campo e análise e tratamento do material empírico e documental. A análise de conteúdo dos documentos confirmou que no Brasil o financiamento é o tema de destaque na atuação normativa do Estado, ao passo que em Portugal o exercício regulatório é a principal preocupação. Nos dois países foi possível observar o impacto dos megaeventos na esfera legislativa, com a produção de atos excepcionais. comparativa Partese Parte se cidadania nacional isso realizouse realizou descritivoanalítica descritivo analítica exploratória documental Estado preocupação legislativa excepcionais

Abstract After the interruption of the Territories of Citizenship (TC) Program by the Brazilian federal government, Bahia was one of the few Brazilian states that maintained the territorial approach, the “Territories of Identity”. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of territorial management for the TC-Bahia (treatment group) in comparison to TC-Brazil (control group). A Rural Development Index for Family Agriculture (RDI-FA) was developed for two time periods to calculate its evolution for each group. The results showed that the RDI-FA had a significantly higher evolution for TC-Bahia in relation to TC-Brazil (p-value < 0.01). In ten years, TC-Bahia index increased by 0.07 while the rest of TC-Brazil grew by 0.04. We concluded that institutionalization and improvements of Bahian territorial approach has benefited family farmers, especially in the institutional dimension of territorial heritage. TC (TC government Identity. Identity . Identity” TCBahia treatment group TCBrazil Brazil control RDIFA RDI FA (RDI-FA pvalue p value 0.01. 001 0.01 0 01 0.01) years 007 07 0.0 004 04 0.04 farmers heritage 00 0.

Resumo Após a paralisação do programa federal Territórios da Cidadania (TC), a Bahia foi um dos poucos estados brasileiros que manteve a abordagem territorial, por meio dos Territórios de Identidade. Assim, o objetivo do estudo é avaliar o efeito da gestão territorial para os TC do estado da Bahia (grupo tratamento) em comparação com os demais TC do Brasil (grupo controle). Para tanto, um Índice de Desenvolvimento Rural da Agricultura Familiar (IDR-AF) foi desenvolvido para dois períodos, permitindo calcular a sua evolução para os dois grupos. Os resultados evidenciaram uma evolução significativamente superior do IDR-AF nos TC da Bahia em comparação com os TC do Brasil (p-valor < 0,01). Em dez anos, o índice da Bahia cresceu em 0,07, enquanto que o restante do Brasil progrediu em 0,04. Concluiu-se que a institucionalização e os aprimoramentos da abordagem territorial baiana beneficiaram a agricultura familiar, especialmente na dimensão institucional do patrimônio territorial. TC, , (TC) Identidade Assim grupo tratamento controle. controle . controle) tanto IDRAF IDR AF (IDR-AF períodos grupos pvalor p valor 0,01. 001 0,01 0 01 0,01) anos 007 07 0,07 004 04 0,04 Concluiuse Concluiu se familiar (TC 00 0,0 0,

Abstract Income policies are fundamental in times of social exclusion and socioeconomic difficulties. In this context, this study evaluates the influence of public income policies, in particular social security and pension, conditional transfer and unemployment assistance, on development conditions, income equality and poverty, in addition to the role of tax systems on these. The literature review addresses citizenship, the welfare state, income and tax policies, development, inequality and poverty, as well as the results of income policy action. In methodological terms, this is a quantitative study that uses panel data, involving 43 OECD countries and the years 2000 to 2019. Operationally, exploratory data analyzes and System GMM regressions are carried out. The results indicate public income policies mainly as mitigating income concentration and promoting child health and citizenship conditions, walking as a social investment for development. difficulties context pension assistance conditions poverty these state action terms 4 200 2019 Operationally out 20 201 2

Resumo As políticas de renda são fundamentais em tempos de complexidades sociais e dificuldades socioeconômicas. Nesse contexto, este estudo avalia a influência das políticas públicas de renda, em particular previdência e pensão, transferência condicionada e auxílio-desemprego, sobre condições de desenvolvimento, igualdade de renda e pobreza, além do papel de sistemas fiscais sobre elas. Na revisão de literatura, abordam-se cidadania, Estado de bem-estar social, políticas de renda e fiscais, desenvolvimento, desigualdade e pobreza, assim como resultados da ação das políticas renda. Em termos metodológicos, este é um estudo quantitativo que se utiliza de dados em painel, envolvendo 43 países da OCDE e os anos de 2000 a 2019. Operacionalmente, realizam-se análises exploratórias de dados e regressões pelo método System GMM. Os resultados indicam as políticas públicas de renda principalmente como mitigadoras de concentração de renda e promotoras de condições de saúde infantil e cidadania, caminhando como investimento social para o desenvolvimento. socioeconômicas contexto pensão auxíliodesemprego, auxíliodesemprego auxílio desemprego, desemprego auxílio-desemprego desenvolvimento pobreza elas literatura abordamse abordam cidadania bemestar bem estar metodológicos painel 4 200 2019 Operacionalmente realizamse realizam GMM 20 201 2

Resumo As relações entre democracia, cidadania e saúde permearam a conformação e a trajetória do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) nas últimas quatro décadas. Em que pesem dificuldades estruturais, conflitos entre projetos e diferenças entre momentos, até 2016 observou-se o fortalecimento da democracia e a expansão de direitos sociais. O SUS permitiu avanços no acesso e melhorias nas condições de saúde. Entre 2016 e 2022, os retrocessos nas políticas econômicas, sociais e de saúde foram expressivos. A situação foi agravada pela crise multidimensional associada à pandemia de COVID-19 a partir de 2020. A atuação do SUS, de universidades e de instituições científicas públicas foi fundamental para o enfrentamento da crise. A partir de 2023, os desafios de retomada de um projeto nacional democrático e voltado ao bem-estar social são imensos. O fortalecimento do SUS depende do caráter das políticas sociais e da democracia, e de transformações nas relações Estado-mercados-sociedade, para superar limites que persistiram mesmo durante governos progressistas. O SUS, como política universal ancorada em uma concepção ampla de saúde e em valores democráticos, é um pilar fundamental para a consolidação de um padrão de desenvolvimento orientado para a redução das desigualdades e a construção de uma sociedade mais justa. (SUS décadas estruturais momentos 201 observouse observou se 2022 econômicas expressivos COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 2020 2023 bemestar bem estar imensos Estadomercadossociedade, Estadomercadossociedade Estado mercados sociedade, Estado-mercados-sociedade progressistas democráticos justa 20 202 COVID1 1 COVID- 2

Abstract Relations among democracy, citizenship and health have shaped the Unified Health System (SUS) over the past four decades. Until 2016, democracy was strengthened and social rights extended, despite structural difficulties, conflicts between projects, and unevenly over time. The SUS has allowed advances in access and improvements to health conditions. Between 2016 and 2022, there were significant reversals in economic, social, and health policies. Since 2020, the situation has been aggravated by the multidimensional crisis associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The work of the SUS, universities and public scientific institutions was fundamental in tackling the crisis. From 2023 onwards, Brazil has faced enormous challenges in restoring a democratic national project focused on social welfare. Strengthening the SUS depends on the character of social policies and democracy, and on transforming relations among State, market and society, to overcome constraints that have persisted even during progressive governments. The SUS, a universal policy rooted in a broad concept of health and democratic values, is fundamental to establishing a pattern of development aimed at reducing inequalities and building a more just society. (SUS decades extended difficulties projects time conditions 201 2022 economic 2020 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic 202 onwards welfare State society governments values 20 COVID1 1 COVID- 2

Abstract Relations among democracy, citizenship and health have shaped the Unified Health System (SUS) over the past four decades. Until 2016, democracy was strengthened and social rights extended, despite structural difficulties, conflicts between projects, and unevenly over time. The SUS has allowed advances in access and improvements to health conditions. Between 2016 and 2022, there were significant reversals in economic, social, and health policies. Since 2020, the situation has been aggravated by the multidimensional crisis associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The work of the SUS, universities and public scientific institutions was fundamental in tackling the crisis. From 2023 onwards, Brazil has faced enormous challenges in restoring a democratic national project focused on social welfare. Strengthening the SUS depends on the character of social policies and democracy, and on transforming relations among State, market and society, to overcome constraints that have persisted even during progressive governments. The SUS, a universal policy rooted in a broad concept of health and democratic values, is fundamental to establishing a pattern of development aimed at reducing inequalities and building a more just society.

Resumo As relações entre democracia, cidadania e saúde permearam a conformação e a trajetória do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) nas últimas quatro décadas. Em que pesem dificuldades estruturais, conflitos entre projetos e diferenças entre momentos, até 2016 observou-se o fortalecimento da democracia e a expansão de direitos sociais. O SUS permitiu avanços no acesso e melhorias nas condições de saúde. Entre 2016 e 2022, os retrocessos nas políticas econômicas, sociais e de saúde foram expressivos. A situação foi agravada pela crise multidimensional associada à pandemia de COVID-19 a partir de 2020. A atuação do SUS, de universidades e de instituições científicas públicas foi fundamental para o enfrentamento da crise. A partir de 2023, os desafios de retomada de um projeto nacional democrático e voltado ao bem-estar social são imensos. O fortalecimento do SUS depende do caráter das políticas sociais e da democracia, e de transformações nas relações Estado-mercados-sociedade, para superar limites que persistiram mesmo durante governos progressistas. O SUS, como política universal ancorada em uma concepção ampla de saúde e em valores democráticos, é um pilar fundamental para a consolidação de um padrão de desenvolvimento orientado para a redução das desigualdades e a construção de uma sociedade mais justa.

Resumen Este artículo da cuenta de los resultados principales de un estudio sobre la construcción de la protesta social en Río Cuarto, una mediana ciudad argentina, a partir de la prensa como fuente principal de registro. Particularmente, nos detenemos a analizar el ciclo de protesta 1998-2000. Este periodo se caracteriza por la presencia de gobiernos de distintos signos políticos a nivel nacional, provincial y local que trae cambios en políticas públicas, sobre todo de tipo económicas, las cuales repercuten en el funcionamiento de las dependencias públicas y en la comunidad que asisten. Nos detenemos en las acciones de protesta protagonizadas por los trabajadores estatales y en los llamados “desocupados”, por la presencia mediática que van marcando en la antesala al estallido del 2001. A lo largo del periodo analizado, notamos que, así como se diversifican los actores, lo mismo sucede con las maneras en que visibilizan sus demandas en el espacio público, que van desde los repertorios más tradicionales a otros más creativos e innovadores.

Abstract This article reports the main results of a study on social protest in Río Cuarto, a medium-sized Argentine city, using the press as the main source of record. Particularly, we stop to analyze the 1998-2000 protest cycle. This period is characterized by the presence of governments of different political groups at the national, provincial and local levels that bring changes in public policies, especially economic ones, which have an impact on the functioning of public agencies and the community they serve. We focus on the protest actions carried out by state workers and the so-called "unemployed", due to the media presence that they marked in the run-up to the outbreak of 2001. Throughout the period analyzed, we note that, just as the actors, the same happens with the ways in which they make their demands visible in the public space, which range from the most traditional repertoires to more creative and innovative ones.

Abstract This article makes use of a critical-reflexive reading of the pedagogical projects of the Law courses of two Brazilian educational institutions to promote a reflection that investigates the level of objective effectiveness in the application of public policies aimed at the curricularization of university extension, enshrined in the Resolution of MEC No. 7 of 2018, article 4. It uses a quantitative-qualitative approach and exploratory objectives, based on the hypothetical-deductive method, taking into account the need to reinterpret the data obtained from the comparison of the two pedagogical experiences. It points to the fact that the two experiences beeing demarcated by very specific solutions and sheds light on the possibilities of curricularization of the legal extension implemented in the country and the existing possibilities, based on the implementation of a university extension dedicated to citizenship, culminating in recognizing the consecration of this intent by both institutions of higher education.

Resumo Este artigo vale-se da leitura crítico-reflexiva dos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos de Direito de duas instituições de ensino brasileiras para promover uma reflexão que perquire o nível de eficácia objetiva na aplicação das políticas públicas voltadas para a curricularização da extensão universitária, consagradas na Resolução do MEC n° 7 de 2018, artigo 4°. Vale-se da abordagem quanti-qualitativa e objetivos exploratórios, a partir do método hipotético-dedutivo, tendo em conta a necessidade de reinterpretação dos dados obtidos do cotejo das duas experiências pedagógicas. Aponta para o fato das duas experiências serem demarcadas por soluções muito próprias e lança luzes sobre as possibilidades da curricularização da extensão jurídica implantada no País e as possibilidades existentes, a partir da implementação de uma extensão universitária vocacionada para a cidadania, culminando por reconhecer a consagração desse intento por ambas as instituições de ensino superior.

Abstract: Contemporary migrations reveal displacements of populations between territories, with greater prominence for the contexts of war, political conflicts or mitigation of fundamental rights, or that calls for international concern for the promotion of the effectiveness of global citizenship and corresponding rights. The present article aims to promote an analysis of the current migratory panorama, with emphasis on the forced displacement of black women in Brazil, in order to assess their relationship with racial necropolitics. It is proposed to identify the normative categories of the two migratory rights and to analyze the national and international regulations related to the central theme. It was used in the literature review, from a research with a qualitative approach, of an explanatory and applied nature, with a view to the production of knowledge that could offer support to the implementation of public policies that reduce the deleterious effects of necropolitics and racial misogyny. Foram used as databases by the platforms SCieLo, Google Scholar and Scopus, being inclusion criteria scientific articles published in the Portuguese, English and Spanish languages, the last thirty years, involving topics necropolitics, migration, racism, black women, from the combinations two descriptors and boolean and/or operators. From the research, it was possible to observe that contemporary migratory flows encounter various causal factors, which can be considered a phenomenon from an intersectional perspective, due to the perpetuation of racism, recalling the effects of colonization and slavery of African peoples, and of machismo, in virtue of the consideration of the body of the black woman as an object, resulting from the historical misogenic racial necropolitics.

Resumo As migrações contemporâneas revelam deslocamentos de populações entre territórios, com maior destaque para os contextos de guerra, conflitos políticos ou mitigação de direitos fundamentais, o que reclama a preocupação internacional para a promoção da efetividade da cidadania global e de direitos decorrentes. O presente artigo objetiva promover uma análise do panorama migratório hodierno, com ênfase nos deslocamentos forçados de mulheres negras no Brasil, a fim avaliar sua relação com a necropolítica racial. Propõe-se a identificação das categorias normativas dos direitos migratórios e a análise das normativas pátria e internacional atinentes à temática central. Utilizou-se da revisão de literatura, a partir de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa, de natureza explicativa e aplicada, tendo em vista a produção de conhecimento que poderá oferecer suporte à implantação de políticas públicas que minorem efeitos deletérios da necropolítica e da misoginia racial. Foram utilizadas como base de dados as plataformas SCieLo, Google Acadêmico e Scopus, sendo critérios de inclusão artigos científicos publicados nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, nos últimos trinta anos, envolvendo temas necropolítica, migração, racismo, mulheres negras, a partir das combinações dos descritores e operadores booleanos and/or. A partir da pesquisa, foi possível obervar que os fluxos migratórios contemporâneos encontravam diversos fatores causais, podendo ser considerado um fenônemo a partir de uma perspectiva interseccional, em razão da perpetuação do racismo, rememorando os efeitos da colonização e da escravização de povos africanos, e do machismo, em virtude da consideração do corpo da mulher negra como objeto, resultante da necropolítica racial misógena histórica.

Resumen La gobernanza es un concepto aplicado al estudio de las ciencias políticas y sociales para explicar las regulaciones y buenas prácticas del Estado en temas de la ciudadanía y la administración pública. La gobernanza de los datos de investigación engloba el desarrollo de políticas para propiciar el efectivo manejo de los datos; como parte de este manejo, la sistematización y la organización son dos procesos que intervienen en la recuperación y accesibilidad a dichos datos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo consiste en identificar los atributos de la gobernanza de los datos de investigación, para comprender su interacción en el contexto de su organización y sistematización. A través de una metodología basada en dos etapas, la primera de ellas, de carácter documental, apoyada en la hermenéutica del discurso, y la segunda en el método analítico-sintético para describir y representar a los datos de investigación, se presentan los hallazgos obtenidos en este estudio. Se estima que la creación y adaptación de un perfil de metadatos diseñado ex profeso para este tipo de datos puede contribuir a establecer un mecanismo interoperable para describir y representar a los datos de investigación en un sistema disponible en el contexto digital.

Abstract Governance is a concept applied to the study of political and social sciences to explain the regulations and good practices of the State in matters of citizenship and public administration. The governance of research data encompasses the development of policies to promote effective data management, as part of this management, systematization and organization are two processes involved in the recovery and accessibility of said data. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to identify the attributes of research data governance in order to understand their interaction in the context of their organization and systematization. Through a methodology based on two stages, the first of which is documentary based on the hermeneutics of discourse and the second on the analytic-synthetic method to describe and represent research data, the findings obtained in this study are presented. It is estimated that the creation and adaptation of a metadata profile designed specifically for this type of data can contribute to establishing an interoperable mechanism to describe and represent research data in a system available in the digital context.

ABSTRACT The following pages summarize thoughts brought about by the author’s participation in the 2000 International Conference on the Future of Indigenous Peoples, organized in 2000 by the Center for Bedouin Studies at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel. Multiple topics intertwine, in brief brushstrokes. The condition of the Bedouins, little known in Brazil, is similar to that of indigenous peoples, in their clash with the State and their exclusion in an unequal society. The author draws attention to her discovery of the power of Bedouin oral poetry, in part also written by the poems’ pr otagonists themselves, or in an Arabic/English version by scholar Clinton Bailey. Between the lines, the conflicting feelings of a Jew, granddaughter of immigrants from Odessa (who were still fugitives from tsarism), brought up believing in the utopia of unconditional defense of all peoples of the world and the condemnation of any holocaust. Writing about this journey is to express, even with decades of delay, admiration for the Bedouins and especially for Ismael Abu-Saad, director of the Center, whose books, articles and defense of the rights of all peoples and the socially excluded are fundamental in this essay. authors s 200 Peoples BenGurion Ben Gurion Negev Beersheba Israel intertwine brushstrokes Brazil society poetry poems themselves ArabicEnglish Arabic English Bailey lines Jew who tsarism, tsarism , tsarism) holocaust express delay AbuSaad, AbuSaad Abu Saad, Saad Abu-Saad books essay 20 2

RESUMO Trata-se de uma reflexão despertada pela participação da autora em uma Conferência Internacional sobre o Futuro dos Povos indígenas, organizada no ano 2000 pelo Centro de Estudos Beduínos da Universidade Ben-Gurion, em Beer Sheva, no Negev, em Israel. Múltiplos temas se entrelaçam, em breves pinceladas. A condição dos beduínos, pouco conhecida no Brasil, apresenta semelhanças com a de povos indígenas, no embate com Estados nacionais e exclusão em uma sociedade desigual. A autora aponta sua descoberta do poder da poesia oral beduína, em parte também escrita por protagonistas orais ou em versão árabe/inglês pelo estudioso Clinton Bailey. Nas entrelinhas, os sentimentos conflitantes de uma judia, neta de imigrantes de Odessa, fugitivos ainda do czarismo, educada com a utopia da defesa incondicional de todos os povos do mundo e da condenação de qualquer holocausto. Escrever sobre essa viagem é expressar, mesmo com décadas de atraso, a admiração pelos Beduínos e em especial por Ismael Abu-Saad, diretor do Centro, por seus livros, artigos e defesa dos direitos dos povos e excluídos, fundamentais para este ensaio. Tratase Trata indígenas 200 BenGurion, BenGurion Ben Gurion, Gurion Ben-Gurion Sheva Negev Israel entrelaçam pinceladas beduínos Brasil desigual beduína árabeinglês árabe inglês Bailey entrelinhas judia Odessa czarismo holocausto expressar atraso AbuSaad, AbuSaad Abu Saad, Saad Abu-Saad livros excluídos ensaio 20 2

Abstract This article presents the result of an investigation whose purpose was to determine if the training plans for teachers of Preschool Education, Primary Education and some Secondary Education careers (Mathematics, Spanish, Sciences and English) of three public and three private universities are coherent with the Curricular Policy Educate for a new citizenship and the Educational Policy The Person: center of the educational process and transformative subject of society, approved by the Higher Education Council (CSE), in Costa Rica. The research was carried out in the period 2021-2022. A mixed study was carried out with a naturalistic and exploratory socio-critical approach that analyzed the proposal of the study plans of said universities to find, objectively, evidence in this regard, a questionnaire was also elaborated to meet the criteria of teachers and of those who coordinate these university careers, to which 77 of them responded. The results showed that the public universities included the reflective and critical analysis of both policies in the study plans of the Education careers and presented greater coherence with them than the private universities. Likewise, it was evidenced that the accredited careers are consistent with the policies and that both the coordinators of plans and the teaching staff of public and private universities knew about them and indicated that they are part of the study plans. Once the investigation was concluded, it was considered relevant to define guidelines so that the Ministry of Public Education (MEP), the highest employer, works jointly with public and private universities. Likewise, it is necessary to dialogue, integrate experiences and encourage a reflection that invites the redesign of the teacher training study plans based on the National Framework of Qualifications of Education careers in accordance with the exposed scenario and within the framework of university autonomy.

Resumen Este artículo presenta el resultado de una investigación cuyo propósito fue determinar si los planes de formación de docentes de Educación Preescolar, Educación Primaria y algunas carreras de Educación Secundaria (Matemática, Español, Ciencias e Inglés) de tres universidades públicas y tres privadas son coherentes con la Política Curricular Educar para una nueva ciudadanía y la Política Educativa La Persona: centro del proceso educativo y sujeto transformador de la sociedad, aprobadas por el Consejo Superior de Educación (CSE), en Costa Rica. La investigación se desarrolló en el periodo 2021-2022. Se realizó un estudio mixto con un enfoque socio-crítico naturalista y exploratorio que analizó la propuesta de los planes de estudio de dichas universidades para encontrar, de manera objetiva evidencias al respecto, también se elaboró un cuestionario para atender el criterio de las personas docentes y de quienes coordinan esas carreras universitarias, el cual respondieron 77 de ellas. Los resultados mostraron que las universidades públicas incluyeron el análisis reflexivo y crítico de ambas políticas en los planes de estudio de las carreras de Educación y presentaron mayor coherencia con estas que las universidades privadas. Igualmente se evidenció que las carreras acreditadas son congruentes con las políticas y que tanto las coordinadoras de planes como el profesorado de universidades públicas y privadas las conocían e indicaron que estas forman parte de los planes de estudio. Concluida la investigación, se consideró relevante definir lineamientos para que el Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP), máximo empleador, trabaje de manera conjunta con las universidades públicas y privadas. Así mismo, se hace necesario dialogar, integrar experiencias e incentivar una reflexión que invite al rediseño de los planes de estudio de formación docente con base en el Marco Nacional de Cualificaciones de las carreras de Educación en concordancia con el escenario expuesto y en el marco de la autonomía universitaria.

RESUMEN La participación ciudadana en las políticas públicas en los últimos años ha ganado relevancia debido, al rol central que ejerce el estudiante en la mejora de la calidad educativa y su relación con la construcción de una ciudadanía democrática, plural e inclusiva. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la participación ciudadana en la educación pública. Se tuvo en cuenta las bases de datos como Scopus, Redalyc, Scielo, Google académico, y Web of Science en el mundo de los últimos 5 años. Para el desarrollo de la presente investigación se optó por la revisión sistemática, utilizando 50 artículos de diversos países. Dentro de los principales hallazgos se identificó que la participación ciudadana en relación a la comunidad educativa, docente, gestión educativa y participación familiar y ciudadana. Finalmente, se evidenció un incremento de producción científica sobre la participación ciudadana en los últimos años, lo cual sugiere la importancia y relevancia a nivel académico y político de los mecanismos participativos en la construcción de ciudadanía para generar cambios en la sociedad.

RESUMO A participação cidadã nas políticas públicas tem ganhado relevância nos últimos anos devido ao papel central desempenhado pelos alunos na melhoria da qualidade da educação e sua relação com a construção de uma cidadania democrática, plural e inclusiva. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a participação cidadã na educação pública. Foram levados em conta bancos de dados como Scopus, Redalyc, Scielo, Google Scholar e Web of Science no mundo nos últimos 5 anos. Para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, optamos por uma revisão sistemática, utilizando 50 artigos de diferentes países. Entre os principais resultados, identificou-se que a participação cidadã em relação à comunidade educacional, aos professores, à gestão educacional e à família e à participação cidadã. Por fim, evidenciou-se um aumento da produção científica sobre participação cidadã nos últimos anos, o que sugere a importância e a relevância, em nível acadêmico e político, dos mecanismos participativos na construção da cidadania para gerar mudanças na sociedade.

ABSTRACT Citizen participation in public policies has gained relevance in recent years due to the central role played by students in improving the quality of education and its relationship with the construction of a democratic, pluralistic and inclusive citizenship. The aim of the study was to analyze citizen participation in public education. Databases such as Scopus, Redalyc, Scielo, Google Scholar, and Web of Science in the world for the last 5 years were taken into account. For the development of this research, a systematic review was chosen, using 50 articles from different countries. Among the main findings, it was identified that citizen participation in relation to the educational community, teachers, educational management, and family and citizen participation. Finally, there was evidence of an increase in scientific production on citizen participation in recent years, which suggests the importance and relevance at the academic and political level of participatory mechanisms in the construction of citizenship to generate changes in society.

If there is a widely known fact, it is that information technology has completely transformed our lives in recent decades. This essay presents an agenda consisting of 8 actions for the reinvention of university libraries considering the impact of these changes not only on the infrastructure of products and services, but also to consider the strategic review of the access to the collections as mission in the traditional library at two levels: the information access beyond their own collections and the education for information literacy. These missions will be identified in the essay as a reinvention of the traditional library in order to consider, respectively, two more libraries: one technological and the other educational. The actions presented in the Agenda seek to show how this reinvention is necessary for the effective fulfillment of the social function of university libraries. The eighth and final action calls on librarians for the “Revolution”, in a process of participatory management, which needs to be started from the inside out, given the scarcity of public policies for investment in libraries. It concludes with an invitation for librarians to share their own Agendas as an exercise in strategic management and open science, using a preprint repository as a production and communication platform.

Se existe fato amplamente conhecido é o de que a tecnologia da informação transformou por completo nossas vidas nas últimas décadas. Esse ensaio apresenta uma agenda constituída de 8 ações para a reinvenção das bibliotecas universitárias considerando o impacto dessas mudanças não apenas na infraestrutura de produtos e serviços, mas também para considerar a revisão estratégica da missão de acesso às coleções da biblioteca tradicional em dois níveis: o acesso à informação para além de suas próprias coleções e a formação de competências informacionais. Essas missões serão identificadas no ensaio como uma reinvenção da biblioteca tradicional para passar a abrigar dentro de si, respectivamente, mais duas bibliotecas: uma tecnológica e outra educadora. As ações apresentadas na Agenda buscam mostrar como essa reinvenção é necessária para o efetivo cumprimento da função social das bibliotecas universitárias. A oitava e última ação faz um chamamento dos bibliotecários para a “Revolução”, em um processo da gestão participativa, que precisa ser iniciado de dentro para fora, tendo em vista a precarização de políticas públicas de investimento em bibliotecas. Conclui com um convite de compartilhamento de “Agendas para Reinvenção de Bibliotecas Universitárias” como um exercício de gestão estratégica e de ciência aberta pela disponibilização do ensaio em um repositório de pré-prints para revisão aberta dos pares.