Résumé La littérature sur les réformes électorales en général, et les réformes du financement des campagnes en particulier, a peu bénéficié des contributions du domaine de l’analyse des politiques publiques, que ce soit en termes théoriques et/ou méthodologiques. Cet article propose un modèle d’analyse des réformes du financement des campagnes à partir du concept de cycle de politiques (policy cycle), en considérant la manière dont l’agenda des réformes est formé (1); la prise de décision (2); la mise en œuvre (3); et l’évaluation (4). J’utilise ce modèle pour observer empiriquement le cas de la régulation du financement propre aux élections au Brésil, en utilisant des méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives. Les résultats indiquent que la restriction du financement propre au Brésil est associée à une plus grande importance de ce type de ressources dans les campagnes électorales après l’interdiction des dons des entreprises. De plus, la réforme semble ne pas atteindre ses objectifs initiaux. Dans cette optique, l’article cherche à contribuer à la littérature de deux manières: en proposant un modèle d’analyse des réformes du financement des campagnes et en l’appliquant au cas brésilien. général particulier lanalyse l analyse publiques etou ou méthodologiques danalyse d policy cycle, , cycle) lagenda agenda 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) lévaluation évaluation 4. 4 . (4) Jutilise J utilise quantitatives linterdiction interdiction entreprises initiaux optique larticle manières lappliquant appliquant brésilien (1 (2 (3 (4 (

Abstract The literature regarding electoral reforms, in general, and campaign finance reforms, in particular, has benefited little from the contributions of the public policy field, whether in theoretical or methodological terms. This article proposes a model to analyze campaign finance reforms based on the concept of the policy cycle, considering how the formation of the agenda for reforms takes place, namely (1) decision-making (2) implementation (3) and evaluation. I use this model to examine the case of electoral self-financing regulation in Brazil in an empirical manner, employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results indicate that the restriction on self-financing in Brazil is associated with a greater reliance on this type of resource in campaigns after the prohibition of corporate donations. In addition, the reform seems to fall short of its initial objectives. Thus, this article seeks to contribute to the literature in two ways: by proposing a model to analyze campaign finance reforms and applying it to the Brazilian case. general particular field terms cycle place 1 (1 decisionmaking decision making 2 (2 3 (3 evaluation selffinancing self financing manner methods donations addition objectives Thus ways (

Resumo A literatura sobre reformas eleitorais, em geral, e reformas do financiamento de campanhas, em específico, tem se beneficiado pouco das contribuições do campo de análise de políticas públicas. Seja em termos teóricos e/ou metodológicos. Este artigo propõe um modelo de análise de reformas do financiamento de campanhas a partir do conceito de ciclo de políticas (policy cycle), considerando como se forma a agenda sobre reformas (1); tomada de decisão (2); implementação (3); e avaliação (4). Utilizo este modelo para observar empiricamente o caso da regulação do autofinanciamento eleitoral no Brasil, a partir de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos. Os resultados indicam que a restrição do autofinanciamento no Brasil está associada ao maior peso desse tipo de recurso nas campanhas após a proibição das doações empresariais. E, também, a reforma parece não cumprir seus objetivos iniciais. Neste sentido, o artigo busca contribuir com a literatura em dois sentidos: a proposição de um modelo de análise das reformas de financiamento de campanhas e sua aplicação ao caso brasileiro. eleitorais geral específico públicas eou ou metodológicos policy cycle, cycle , cycle) 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4. 4 . (4) quantitativos empresariais E também iniciais sentido sentidos brasileiro (1 (2 (3 (4 (

Resumen La literatura sobre las reformas electorales, en general, y las reformas de la financiación de las campañas, en particular, se ha beneficiado poco de las aportaciones del campo del análisis de las políticas públicas. Ya sea en términos teóricos y/o metodológicos. Este artículo propone un modelo para analizar las reformas de la financiación de las campañas electorales basado en el concepto de ciclo de políticas (policy cycle), considerando cómo se forma la agenda sobre reformas (1); la toma de decisiones (2); la aplicación (3); y la evaluación (4). Utilizo este modelo para analizar empíricamente el caso de la regulación de la autofinanciación electoral en Brasil, empleando métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Los resultados indican que la restricción de la autofinanciación en Brasil está asociada al mayor peso de este tipo de recursos en las campañas tras la prohibición de las donaciones empresariales. Y la reforma tampoco parece cumplir sus objetivos iniciales. En este sentido, el artículo pretende contribuir a la literatura de dos maneras: proponiendo un modelo para analizar las reformas de la financiación de las campañas y aplicándolo al caso brasileño. general particular públicas yo o metodológicos policy cycle, cycle , cycle) 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4. 4 . (4) cuantitativos empresariales iniciales sentido maneras brasileño (1 (2 (3 (4 (

ABSTRACT In Ecuador, deficiencies in collection procedures and the lack of instruments to guarantee credit recovery contribute to the increase in delinquencies in public banks, generating liquidity problems and affecting credit risk control. This study analyzes the trend of the credit portfolio of the National Corporation for Popular and Solidarity Finance between 2018 and 2022, evaluating its impact on the total debt. The descriptive statistics show a significant proportion of the portfolio to mature, evidencing effective management, although delinquency persists as a challenge. The need for policies to mitigate late payment and improve debt recovery is highlighted. These findings can serve as a basis for the design of public policies and institutional strategies aimed at strengthening the popular and solidarity sector in the Ecuadorian financial sphere.

RESUMEN En Ecuador, las deficiencias en los procedimientos de cobro y la falta de instrumentos para garantizar la recuperación de créditos contribuyen al aumento de la morosidad en los bancos públicos, generando problemas de liquidez y afectando el control de riesgo crediticio. Este estudio analiza la tendencia de la cartera de crédito de la Corporación Nacional de Finanzas Populares y Solidarias entre 2018 y 2022, evaluando su impacto en la deuda total. La estadística descriptiva muestra una proporción significativa de cartera por vencer, evidenciando una gestión eficaz, aunque la morosidad persiste como desafío. Se destaca la necesidad de políticas para mitigar la morosidad y mejorar la recuperación de deudas. Estos hallazgos pueden servir como base para el diseño de políticas públicas y estrategias institucionales destinadas a fortalecer el sector popular y solidario en el ámbito financiero ecuatoriano.

Abstract Objective: To estimate the direct costs of treating excess body weight in children and adolescents attending a public children’s hospital. Methods: This study analyzed the costs of the disease within the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) for 2,221 patients with excess body weight using a microcosting approach. The costs included operational expenses, consultations, and laboratory and imaging tests obtained from medical records for the period from 2009 to 2019. Healthcare expenses were obtained from the Table of Procedures, Medications, Orthoses/Prostheses, and Special Materials of SUS and from the hospital’s finance department. Results: Medical consultations accounted for 50.6% (R$703,503.00) of the total cost (R $1,388,449.40) of treatment over the period investigated. The cost of treating excess body weight was 11.8 times higher for children aged 5–18 years compared to children aged 2–5 years over the same period. Additionally, the cost of treating obesity was approximately 4.0 and 6.3 times higher than the cost of treating overweight children aged 2–5 and 5–18 years, respectively. Conclusion: The average annual cost of treating excess body weight was R$138,845.00. Weight status and age influenced the cost of treating this disease, with higher costs being observed for individuals with obesity and children over 5 years of age. Additionally, the important deficit in reimbursement by SUS and the small number of other health professionals highlight the need for restructuring this treatment model to ensure its effectiveness, including a substantial increase in government investment. Objective childrens s hospital Methods (SUS 2221 2 221 2,22 approach 200 2019 Procedures Medications OrthosesProstheses Orthoses Prostheses Orthoses/Prostheses hospitals department Results 506 50 6 50.6 R$703,503.00 R70350300 R 703 503 00 (R$703,503.00 $1,388,449.40 138844940 1 388 449 40 investigated 118 11 8 11. 518 18 5–1 25 2– Additionally 4 0 4. 63 3 6. respectively Conclusion R13884500 138 845 R$138,845.00 effectiveness investment 222 22 2,2 20 201 50. R$703,503.0 R7035030 70 (R$703,503.0 $1,388,449.4 13884494 38 44 51 5– R1388450 13 84 R$138,845.0 2, R$703,503. R703503 7 (R$703,503. $1,388,449. 1388449 R138845 R$138,845. R$703,503 R70350 (R$703,503 $1,388,449 138844 R13884 R$138,845 R$703,50 R7035 (R$703,50 $1,388,44 13884 R1388 R$138,84 R$703,5 R703 (R$703,5 $1,388,4 1388 R138 R$138,8 R$703, R70 (R$703, $1,388, R13 R$138, R$703 R7 (R$703 $1,388 R1 R$138 R$70 (R$70 $1,38 R$13 R$7 (R$7 $1,3 R$1 R$ (R$ $1, $1 $

Abstract This paper presents a new dataset with estimates of expenditures on education and some indicators of elite bias in educational policies in Brazil between 1933 and 2010. Estimates of public expenditures on education as a proportion of GDP (total, pre-tertiary education and higher education) are similar to those presented by Maduro (2007). The novelty of this study is the series of expenditure estimates by schooling level (primary, lower secondary and upper secondary). Based on these estimates, we also present an indicator of elite bias: the ratio of expenditures per student in primary education (EF1) in relation to expenditures per student in higher education. These ratios were historically low, but there was an abrupt increase from the late 1960s onwards. Rather than a consequence of an increase in spending per primary school student, the elite bias indicator’s increase resulted mostly from the expansion of enrollment in higher education. 193 2010 total, total (total pretertiary pre tertiary 2007. 2007 . (2007) primary, (primary secondary. secondary) EF1 EF (EF1 low s onwards 19 201 200 (2007 (EF 1 20 (200 2 (20 (2 (

Resumo Este trabalho apresenta uma nova base de dados com estimativas de despesas em educação e alguns indicadores de viés elitista nas políticas educacionais no Brasil entre 1933 e 2010. As estimativas de despesa pública em educação como proporção do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) (total, educação básica e ensino superior) são semelhantes às apresentadas por Maduro (2007). A novidade do presente trabalho são as séries de estimativas de despesas por ciclo de ensino (EF1, EF2 e EM). A partir destas estimativas, apresenta-se também um indicador de viés elitista: a razão de despesas por estudante no primário (EF1) em relação ao gasto por aluno no ensino superior. Essas razões foram historicamente baixas, mas houve uma elevação abrupta a partir do final da década de 1960. Este aumento se deu mais pela expansão da matrícula no ensino superior do que por uma elevação de gastos por estudante no primário. 193 2010 PIB (PIB total, total (total 2007. 2007 . (2007) EF1, EF1 EF (EF1 EM. EM EM) apresentase baixas 1960 19 201 200 (2007 (EF 196 1 20 (200 2 (20 (2 (

Resumen El objetivo fue estimar el impacto que tendrán los precios de garantía y de mercado del maíz blanco sobre el impuesto predial rústico para el 2023. Se utilizaron datos del Sistema de Información Agropecuaria y Pesquera (SIAP, 2022). El método utilizado es el deductivo y la investigación es de tipo explicativa y descriptiva. Los resultados indican que otorgar precios de garantía solo a productores de hasta 15 hectáreas y, excluir a los que sembraron más allá de esa superficie, afectará la recaudación. Entre los hallazgos se tiene la importancia de la siembra de maíz blanco para financiar obras públicas en comunidades rurales. Su originalidad radica relacionar la producción del maíz con el principal impuesto local de los gobiernos municipales: el predial. Por limitaciones no se pudo tener acceso al mecanismo de recaudación descentralizado, a partir de junio del presente año, para administrar dicho tributo.

Abstract The objective was to estimate the impact that the guarantee and market prices of white corn will have on the rustic property tax for 2023. Data from the Agricultural and Fisheries Information System (SIAP, 2022) were used. The method used is deductive and the research is explanatory and descriptive. The results indicate that granting guaranteed prices to producers of up to 15 hectares and excluding those who sowed beyond that area, will affect the collection. Among the findings is the importance of planting white corn to finance public works in rural communities. Its originality lies in the studied relationship production of corn with the main local tax of municipal governments: the predial. Due to limitations, it was impossible to have access to the decentralized collection mechanism, as of June of this year, to administer said tax.

The structure of climate finance flows from donors (multilateral sources) to recipients (sub-Saharan African countries) was studied. This is the first study to provide a comprehensive network structure of the climate finance flows into Africa, based on the global public climate finance governance system. Network theory and decision tree techniques were employed. The results obtained generally fit the multilateral funding units (MFUs) into two categories: central funding units (CFUs), which simultaneously attend to the climate-related projects of many African countries, and the boundary funding units (BFUs), which cater to only a few countries at once. An isolated region with no BFUs was identified. African countries within this group could be more exposed to climate financial risk as they rely on only the CFUs. In general, with the exception of mitigation REDD (reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation) climate finance, a disproportionate distribution of climate themes, with particular reference to adaptation finance, was observed across sub-Saharan Africa. This has real implications for equitable resource allocation of climate funds. The need for African-bred region-wide MFUs is recommended. SIGNIFICANCE: Insights from this analysis expose the presence of contagion effects within the sub-Saharan African climate finance network structure and, consequently, the flow of climate finance-related risks. This knowledge is critical for future planning as it can provide African governments and interested stakeholders with informed evidence upon which they can make reliable and justifiable decisions, such as shaping of sectoral strategies and improving of climate finance flow coordination.

ABSTRACT The popular and solidarity economy plays a significant economic role in contemporary society. This is why many of its actors must learn how to assume their role within taxation. This article focuses on the literature review associated with Accounting, Finance and Economics, in order to, with a solid and specialized perspective, analyze the qualitative relationship between these actors’ financial education and tax exemptions. The review of knowledge gaps, strategies to improve tax and financial education, and strengthening tax compliance, allowed to conclude that early financial education, technological platforms development and public policies promulgation associated with financial and financial aspects tax, conform the way to follow for achieving comprehensive training that covers fiscal aspects and improves the relationship of popular and solidarity economy actors with tax exemptions.

RESUMEN La economía popular y solidaria juega un papel económico significativo en la sociedad contemporánea. Es por esto que muchos de los actores que la conforman deben aprender cómo asumir su rol dentro de la fiscalidad. Este artículo se enfoca en la revisión de la literatura asociada con Contabilidad, Finanzas y Economía, para así, con una perspectiva sólida y especializada, analizar la relación cualitativa entre educación financiera y exoneraciones tributarias de estos actores. La revisión sobre las brechas de conocimiento, las estrategias para mejorar la educación tributaria y financiera, y el fortalecimiento del cumplimiento tributario, permitieron concluir que la educación financiera temprana, el desarrollo de plataformas tecnológicas y la promulgación de políticas públicas asociadas a los aspectos financieros y tributarios, son el camino a seguir para lograr una formación íntegra que abarque aspectos fiscales y mejore la relación de los actores de economía popular y solidaria con las exenciones fiscales.

RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación es analizar la incidencia de la inversión pública sobre la recaudación del impuesto predial en gobiernos locales provinciales de la macrorregión sur del Perú durante el período 2010-2020. El tipo de estudio es aplicado, bajo el enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, tipo longitudinal de panel, de carácter descriptivo y explicativo. Los datos para cada municipalidad provincial fueron extraídos del portal informativo del Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (MEF) segmentadas mediante el análisis de conglomerados. El método de estimación econométrica toma en cuenta la metodología para datos longitudinales de panel. Teniendo en cuenta el análisis de conglomerados y las estimaciones econométricas, los resultados muestran que un incremento del 1% en la inversión pública en transportes, saneamiento y cultura y deporte, provocó un aumento en la recaudación del impuesto predial de aproximadamente 0,3182%, 0,1208% y 0,0923% respectivamente (primer clúster); un incremento del 1% en la inversión pública en transportes, cultura y deporte, provocó un aumento en la recaudación del impuesto predial de aproximadamente 0,2588% y 0,1434% respectivamente (segundo clúster); y un incremento del 1% en la inversión pública en transportes y saneamiento, provocó un aumento en la recaudación del impuesto predial de aproximadamente 0,2923% y 0,1377% respectivamente (tercer clúster).

ABSTRACT The objective of the research is to analyze the incidence of public investment on property tax collection in provincial local governments of the southern macro region of Peru during the period 2010 to 2020. The type of study is applied, under the quantitative approach, design non-experimental, longitudinal panel type, descriptive and explanatory. The data for each provincial municipality were extracted from the information portal of the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) segmented through cluster analysis. The econometric estimation method takes into account the methodology for longitudinal panel data. Taking into account the cluster analysis and econometric estimates, the results show that a 1% increase in public investment in transportation, sanitation, and culture and sports, caused an increase in property tax collection of approximately 0.3182%, 0.1208%. and 0.0923% respectively (first cluster), a 1% increase in public investment in transport, culture and sports, caused an increase in property tax collection of approximately 0.2588% and 0.1434% respectively (second cluster) and an increase in the 1% in public investment in transportation and sanitation, caused an increase in property tax collection of approximately 0.2923% and 0.1377% respectively (third cluster).

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of private and public initiatives (financial literacy, entrepreneurship, remote work and government aid) on individual job loss and decrease in income during the COVID-19 pandemic in Peru. Design/methodology/approach: The authors used an unbalanced panel data analysis with the National Household Survey for 2019-2020. The hypotheses are tested with a probit panel data model since the dependent variables are binary. Findings: The study findings indicate that financial preparedness reduced the probability of having a decrease in income, but only to informal workers in metropolitan Lima. Furthermore, entrepreneurship helped mainly female informal workers to reduce their probability of becoming unemployed in metropolitan Lima. Besides, the implementation of remote work as a substitute of face-to-face work was not enough to avoid the decrease in income in the case of informal workers and it was only effective to avoid unemployment in the case of formal workers in metropolitan Lima. Finally, public aid proved to be instrumental in mitigating the decrease in income, but only to informal workers in Metropolitan Lima. Research limitations/implications: The study results only apply for the first year of the pandemic. Practical implications: Policymakers should focus on increasing the financial preparedness of informal workers, especially in provinces. Social implications: Policymakers must expand unemployment benefits, and design public aid programs targeting informal workers in provinces. Originality/value: This is the first study that analyses the impact of private and public initiatives on the decrease in income and unemployment situation of Peruvian individuals during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Purpose: This article aims to explore the concept of chain value of the public port system in Ecuador from the perspective of importing/exporting companies, analyzing how perceived value in the use of port services affects customer satisfaction and the intermediate links of the influence of trust and commitment on customer loyalty. Design/methodology/approach: Relying on a survey of 634 Ecuadorian companies with experience in international trade as port users and a theoretical framework well-established in the literature on consumer behavior, the empirical study found evidence of a positive and significant relationship with the knowledge of chain effects. Findings: The findings confirm the chain effect and reveal ways to maintain an ongoing satisfactory, trust and committed relationship with users, thereby ultimately gaining and maintaining their loyalty. The conclusions suggest how this postulate can help to close the gap referred to the effective management of port services, and point out that port managers should be concerned with a continuous in-depth understanding of the perceived value and its chain effects. Originality/value: The authors add evidence of the use of the postulate of the chain of effects on these dimensions, whose applicability is very well established, tested and consensual for the doctrine in industrial marketing. In contrast, it is scarcely present in the port relationship with its users.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la evolución y tendencias bibliométricas en la revista Quipukamayoc entre 1993-2023. Métodos: Se empleó un enfoque cualitativo, utilizando el método analítico-sintético y la revisión documental como técnica de recolección de datos. La revisión bibliométrica se centró en tres áreas: análisis de los artículos, caracterización de los autores y evaluación del impacto de las publicaciones, proporcionando un estudio detallado y exhaustivo de las contribuciones en la revista. Los datos se recabaron de diversas fuentes, como Google Scholar Metrics, Scopus, SciELO y la propia revista. Resultados: De los 748 artículos publicados entre 1993-2023, 618 son originales y 130 de revisión. De los 1026 articulistas, 889 son nacionales y 137 extranjeros, siendo los más representativos los que proceden de México (43), Ecuador (41), Argentina (13), Colombia (10), Brasil (7) y España (7). Asimismo, los temas más recurrentes fueron contabilidad y finanzas (34 %), empresa (23 %), economía y comercio (16 %), tributación (15 %), sistemas y tecnologías de la información (5 %), y sector público y auditoría (7 %). Conclusión: Durante los 30 años de publicación continua, Quipukamayoc ha sido un referente importante en las áreas de investigación contable, económica, financiera y empresarial para autores y profesionales nacionales y extranjeros.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a evolução e as tendências bibliométricas da revista Quipukamayoc entre 1993-2023. Métodos: Foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa, com recurso ao método analítico-sintético e à revisão documental como técnica de recolha de dados. A revisão bibliométrica incidiu em três áreas: análise dos artigos, caraterização dos autores e avaliação do impacto das publicações, proporcionando um estudo detalhado e exaustivo das contribuições na revista. Os dados foram recolhidos em várias fontes, como o Google Scholar Metrics, Scopus, SciELO e a própria revista. Resultados: Dos 748 artigos publicados entre 1993-2023, 618 são originais e 130 artigos de revisão. Dos 1026 colaboradores, 889 são nacionais e 137 são estrangeiros, sendo os mais representativos os do México (43), Equador (41), Argentina (13), Colômbia (10), Brasil (7) e Espanha (7). Além disso, as disciplinas mais recorrentes foram contabilidade e finanças (34 %), negócios (23 %), economia e comércio (16 %), tributação (15 %), sistemas e tecnologias da informação (5 %) e sector público e auditoria (7 %). Conclusão: Durante os 30 anos de publicação contínua, a Quipukamayoc tem sido uma referência importante nas áreas da contabilidade, economia, finanças e investigação empresarial para autores e profissionais nacionais e estrangeiros.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the evolution and bibliometric trends in the Quipukamayoc journal between 1993-2023. Methods: A qualitative approach was used, employing the analytical-synthetic method and documentary review as data collection techniques. The bibliometric review focused on three areas: analysis of the articles, characterization of the authors, and evaluation of the impact of the publications. This provided a detailed and exhaustive study of the contributions to the journal. Data was collected from various sources such as Google Scholar Metrics, Scopus, SciELO, and the journal itself. Results: Of the 748 articles published between 1993 and 2023, 618 are original research articles and 130 are reviews. Among the 1026 authors, 889 are national and 137 are foreign, with the most representative countries being Mexico (43), Ecuador (41), Argentina (13), Colombia (10), Brazil (7) and Spain (7). The most recurrent topics were accounting and finance (34 %), business (23 %), economics and commerce (16 %), taxation (15 %), information systems and technologies (5 %), and public sector and auditing (7 %). Conclusion: Over its 30 years of continuous publication, Quipukamayoc has become an important reference in the fields of accounting, economic, financial and business research for both national and international authors and professionals.

Abstract The objective of this article is to contribute to the study of the intellectual trajectory of James M. Buchanan. The article argues that the Italian tradition of public finance was an important channel for the transmission of ideas from classical political economy and the philosophy of the social contract to Buchanan, themes he considers essential for the formation of constitutional economics. This is relevant for a deeper understanding of Buchanan’s trajectory as the importance of the Italian tradition for the formation of constitutional economics is often underestimated in the literature. M Buchanan Buchanans s literature

Resumo O objetivo do presente artigo é contribuir com o estudo a respeito da trajetória intelectual de James M. Buchanan. O artigo argumenta que a tradição italiana de finanças públicas foi um importante canal de transmissão das ideias da economia política clássica e da filosofia do contrato social para Buchanan, temas que ele considera essenciais para a formação da economia constitucional. Isso é relevante para a melhor compreensão da trajetória de Buchanan na medida em que a importância da tradição italiana para a formação da economia constitucional é frequentemente subestimada pela literatura. M literatura

Climate change affects cities disproportionately, and some cities have limited fiscal capacity to address climate change. It is therefore necessary to ensure that the climate funds cities do have at their disposal are used in a way that maximises their impact. However, financial mismanagement and corruption have led to significant money losses in climate funds. Although measures against general public sector corruption can be used to improve climate finance management, the climate finance market poses some unique challenges. Traditional anticorruption measures can be rethought to maintain their effectiveness against corruption in climate finance. Against this background, the article explores how international and regional law can be used by cities to improve the management of climate funds. Eight financial controls are identified and critically discussed to show how they can be effective in the specific case of climate finance. The article also shows some examples of where these financial controls have been implemented in cities.

BACKGROUND: Public procurement in South Africa is challenged by conventional methods that pave the way for human interference resulting in fraud and corruption, delays, unaccountability and poor performance of the value chain in the procurement process OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the Industry 4.0 capabilities for public procurement improvement. To address the challenges presented by the traditional manual procurement systems, the study embarked on a transformative journey by identifying the prospects and benefits of Industry 4.0 technologies in public procurement in South Africa, and the significance and application thereof METHOD: The study followed a six-step qualitative research methodology of content and thematic analysis which facilitated an understanding of the procurement process in South Africa and how it can be automated using Industry 4.0 technologies RESULTS: The study revealed that Industry 4.0 technologies are crucial as they present digitalisation opportunities through platforms such as e-design, e-inform, e-sourcing, e-evaluation and e-contract. The platform will improve the process, encourage legislation compliance and achieve its goals as outlined in the constitution and Public Finance Management Act of 1996 CONCLUSION: Implementing digital procurement will assist the government in achieving its policy requirements of value for money, open and effective competition, ethics and fair dealings, accountability and reporting, and equity. The technologies represent a strategic response to the challenges facing public procurement CONTRIBUTION: The study contributed to the body of knowledge by presenting the prospects and benefits of Industry 4.0 technologies. In addition, it highlighted the significance and application to the South African public sector

PURPOSE: Building on theories of the firm, this research examines the challenges faced by chief executive officers (CEOs) in executing a turnaround strategy in the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in South Africa DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This is a qualitative study conducted within 10 of the 21 SOEs classified as Schedule 2 (major public institutions) in the Public Finance Management Act (PFMA) that previously embarked on a turnaround. The study comprised 24 semi-structured interviews with CEOs, chief financial officers (CFOs), chief operating officers (COOs), boards, union representatives, regulators, and shareholders as the key players in a turnaround of a SOE. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data FINDINGS/RESULTS: This research suggests that political landscape and power struggles, inappropriate practices of board, politicians and shareholders, inefficient internal operations, leadership instability, legislation and corporate governance hinder the execution of turnaround strategies in the SOEs. This research is consistent with public choice, agency and resource dependence theories PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: State-owned enterprises need to be free from political interference to be able to turn around. Government, board, shareholders, communities, regulators, service providers and unions need to relook at how they portray the CEOs of SOEs, and rethink how they deal with them ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This research contributes to policy, theory, practice, economy and society by expanding the theories of the firm, capturing real-life challenges the CEOs of SOEs face in executing a turnaround strategy and solutions to tackle the challenges. A roadmap to assist SOEs in executing a turnaround strategy successfully is recommended