Abstract Introduction: In February 2021, one year after the arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic to Mexico, the vaccination so eagerly awaited began. As in many other countries, the first summoned to receive the vaccine were the elderly, because their increased risk of death when contracting this new disease. A group of advanced Medicine students from a public university in Mexico City were involved in the first stage of the vaccination process in an area of southern Mexico City inhabited by low-income population Objective: The purpose of this study was to collect and analyze the experiences lived by four of these students who participated in it. Method: The research was oriented by the theoretical methodological tradition known as Narrative Inquiry, which focuses on the story of lived experiences as a way of representing the human experience deployed in time and space. This strategy delve into the comprehension of the meaning of the events reported for those who experience them in that socio-historical context. The stories analyzed here come from the final social service reports prepared throughout 2021 by the participants, two men and two women. The analysis and interpretation were carried out directly by the author of this paper within the guidelines of the Narrative Inquiry tradition. Results: The stories about the vicissitudes lived by these young future doctors with the older adults they cared for made it possible to highlight some of the anxieties, fears and reactions they faced and some of their effects on the incipient constitution of their professional identity. Final considerations: The stories analyzed nourish the reflection on the personal and professional conflicts experienced on the path that leads to becoming a doctor in a particularly demanding situation and reveal the power of Narrative Inquiry.

Resúmen Introducción: A un año de la llegada de la pandemia de Covid-19 a México, en febrero de 2021 inició la vacunación tan ansiosamente esperada. Los primeros invitados a recibir la vacuna fueron los adultos mayores por su mayor riesgo de muerte al contraer la enfermedad. Un grupo de estudiantes avanzados de Medicina de una universidad pública de la Ciudad de México participaron en esta primera etapa del proceso en una región del sur de esta ciudad habitada por población de bajos recursos económicos. Objetivo: Recoger y estudiar las experiencias vividas por cuatro estudiantes avanzados de Medicina involucrados en la primera fase de vacunación contra Covid-19 en una zona pobre de la Ciudad de México Método: Esta indagación estuvo orientada por la tradición teórico-metodológica conocida como Investigación Narrativa, que se centra en el relato de las experiencias vividas como forma de representar la experiencia humana desplegada en el tiempo y en el espacio entendidos como contexto histórico-social en el que puede comprenderse el significado de los acontecimientos relatados para quienes los experimentan. Las narraciones analizadas proceden de los informes finales de servicio social elaborados a lo largo de 2021 por los cuatro estudiantes que participaron, dos varones y dos mujeres. El análisis e interpretación fueron efectuados por la autora bajo los lineamientos de la Investigación Narrativa Resultados: Se presentan fragmentos narrativos sobre las vicisitudes atravesadas por los participantes, las ansiedades, temores y reacciones que enfrentaron, la manera como lo hicieron, la forma en la que se lo representaron, y algunos efectos de todo ello sobre la constitución de su incipiente identidad profesional. Consideraciones finales: Los relatos estudiados nutren la reflexión sobre los conflictos personales y profesionales vividos a lo largo de la ruta hacia convertirse en médico en una situación especialmente demandante y muestran la potencia de la Investigación Narrativa.

El retraso de los procesos de contratación se conforma como una realidad recurrente y poco investigada en la gestión pública. El presente estudio determinó las causas que generan estos retrasos, a partir del análisis del caso Manabí Produce-EP. El enfoque metodológico investigativo fue mixto, de naturaleza descriptiva y explicativa, con una triangulación en la recolección de datos que combinó análisis documental de los contratos de compras públicas del periodo 2022-2023, así como encuestas y entrevistas a los funcionarios de las unidades que intervienen directamente en los procesos de contratación, para detallar las actividades de la etapa preparatoria en los procesos de contratación y comprender la magnitud y causas de los retrasos. Los resultados constituyen un aporte metodológico para el estudio de la contratación pública y evidencian la existencia de retrasos en la mayoría de los contratos, en especial en los que tienen reformas. El análisis de los retrasos refleja múltiples causas relacionadas con el rol de los actores participantes de la contratación, lo que deja claro que la búsqueda de soluciones es un asunto de gobernanza.

Delays in contracting processes are a recurrent and little-researched reality in public management. This study determined the causes that generated these delays based on the analysis of the Manabí Produce-EP case. The research methodological approach was mixed, descriptive, and explanatory, with a triangulation in data collection that combined documentary analysis of public procurement contracts for the period 2022-2023, as well as surveys and interviews with officials of the units directly involved in the procurement processes, to detail the activities of the preparatory stage in the procurement processes and to understand the magnitude and causes of the delays. The results constitute a methodological contribution to the study of public contracting and show the existence of delays in most contracts, especially in those with reforms. The analysis of delays reflects multiple causes related to the role of the actors involved in contracting, which makes it clear that the search for solutions is a matter of governance.

A demora nos processos de contratação é uma realidade recorrente e pouco pesquisada na gestão pública. O presente estudo determinou as causas que geram esses atrasos, com base na análise do caso Manabí Produce-EP. A abordagem metodológica investigativa foi de natureza mista, descritiva e explicativa, com uma triangulação na recolha de dados que combinou análise documental dos contratos públicos do período 2022-2023, bem como inquéritos e entrevistas a responsáveis ​​das unidades diretamente envolvidas. processos de contratação, detalhar as atividades da fase preparatória dos processos de contratação e compreender a magnitude e as causas dos atrasos. Os resultados constituem uma contribuição metodológica para o estudo das compras públicas e mostram a existência de atrasos na maioria dos contratos, especialmente naqueles que possuem reformas. A análise dos atrasos reflecte múltiplas causas relacionadas com o papel dos actores participantes na contratação, o que deixa claro que a procura de soluções é uma questão de governação.

ABSTRACT Public procurement is crucial for the proper functioning of a country, but unfortunately, it can face problems that undermine its efficiency and transparency. For this reason, this research analyzes the top 23 companies that sold over $2.21 billion to the Ecuadorian government between 2015 and 2020. A descriptive methodology and a quantitative approach were used to classify the companies based on their origin, economic activity, and financial situation. The results reveal that 67% of these companies are of Ecuadorian origin. In terms of their financial situation, although they have a strong liquidity position, financing expenses completely dilute their profits, resulting in a negative net profit margin. This finding suggests the need to establish public policies that promote the diversification of economic sectors and the implementation of effective financial management strategies in contracting companies to improve their profitability and long-term financial sustainability.

RESUMEN La contratación pública es crucial para el buen funcionamiento de un país, pero desafortunadamente puede enfrentar problemas que perjudican su eficiencia y transparencia. Por este motivo, esta investigación analiza las 23 principales empresas que entre 2015 y 2020 vendieron más de 2.21 mil millones de dólares con el Estado ecuatoriano. Se utilizó una metodología descriptiva y un enfoque cuantitativo para clasificar a las empresas según su origen, actividad económica y situación financiera. Los resultados revelan que el 67% de estas empresas son de origen ecuatoriano. En cuanto a su situación financiera, aunque tienen una posición sólida en términos de liquidez, los gastos del financiamiento diluyen en su totalidad las utilidades, generando una rentabilidad neta de ventas negativa. Este hallazgo sugiere la necesidad de establecer políticas públicas que promuevan la diversificación de los sectores económicos y la implementación de estrategias de gestión financiera efectivas en las empresas contratistas para mejorar su rentabilidad y sostenibilidad financiera en el largo plazo.

ABSTRACT This research article focuses its efforts on understanding the adverse effect of corruption within state procurement. This situation is becoming a nuisance for civil society because it has a negative impact on the progress of the nation. Legal and documentary hermeneutics is used as a tool to interpret with a critical basis the norms that regulate the conduct of free competition and the defense of collective rights promulgated in the Political Constitution of 1991, when reviewing the foundations of Law 80 of 1993 and the other regulations that delimit state contraction, sanctions for corruption and the SECOP disclosure system necessary to monitor it. Concluding in the need to maintain an assertive criterion among public officials when selecting a contractor, since the State has great difficulties monitoring each contract's progress in the country.

RESUMEN El presente artículo de investigación centra sus esfuerzos en comprender el efecto adverso de la corrupción dentro de la contratación estatal, situación que se está convirtiendo en una molestia para sociedad civil puesto que, repercute negativamente en el progreso de la nación. Se emplea la hermenéutica jurídica y documental como herramienta para interpretar con un sustento crítico las normas que regulan el proceder de la libre competencia y la defensa de los derechos colectivos promulgado en la Constitución Política de 1991, al revisar los fundamentos de la ley 80 de 1993 y las demás normas que delimitan la contracción estatal, las sanciones al corrupto y el sistema de divulgación SECOP necesario para darle seguimiento. Concluyendo en la necesidad de mantener un criterio asertivo entre los funcionarios públicos al momento de seleccionar un contratista, ya que el Estado posee grandes dificultades para estar vigilando el progreso de cada contrato en el país.

ABSTRACT Non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) are considered one of the leading causes of death worldwide. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these diseases have been neglected due to the Brazilian Unified National Health System (BHUS) overload. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the bond between patients with NCDs and primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic while also seeking to identify the population's level of knowledge about health parameters and their relationship with the healthcare system. A cross-sectional and observational study was conducted, in which an online questionnaire was administered to collect socioeconomic information from patients and their bond with BHUS in the metropolitan region of Maringa, Parana, Brazil, encompassing individuals over 18 years of age. The survey was promoted on social media, and interested participants responded to the questionnaire, which addressed topics such as identification, medication use, disease information, knowledge about NCDs, and general data related to COVID-19. The obtained and analyzed responses revealed a low bond level between this population and primary care and a lack of knowledge about NCDs and their health during the pandemic. There was a notable decrease in seeking healthcare services during this period, which may be explained by the fear of contracting the novel coronavirus. This study is essential to understand patients' responses to public health challenges during the pandemic. It can become a valuable ally in dealing with future pandemics and endemic crises, enabling improvements in care and raising awareness among the population about NCDs and the healthcare system.

RESUMO As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNTs) são consideradas uma das principais causas de morte em todo o mundo. Durante a pandemia da COVID-19, essas doenças têm sido negligenciadas devido à sobrecarga das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (BHU). Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o vínculo dos pacientes com DCNTs com a atenção primária durante a pandemia da COVID-19, ao mesmo tempo em que busca identificar o nível de conhecimento da população sobre os parâmetros de saúde e o relacionamento com o sistema de saúde. Realizou-se um estudo transversal e observacional, no qual foi aplicado um questionário online para coletar informações socioeconômicas dos pacientes e seu vínculo com as BHUs na região metropolitana de Maringá/PR, abrangendo indivíduos maiores de 18 anos. A divulgação foi realizada em mídias sociais e os interessados responderam ao questionário que abordou tópicos como identificação, uso de medicações, informações sobre doenças, conhecimento acerca das DCNTs e dados gerais relacionados à COVID-19. As respostas obtidas e analisadas revelaram um baixo nível de vínculo dessa população com a atenção primária, assim como uma falta de conhecimento sobre as DCNTs e a própria saúde durante a pandemia. Observou-se uma notável redução na procura por serviços de saúde durante esse período, o que pode ser explicado pelo receio da contaminação pelo novo coronavírus. Este estudo se apresenta como uma ferramenta importante para compreender a resposta dos pacientes frente aos desafios da saúde pública durante a pandemia. Ele pode se tornar um aliado valioso para lidar com futuras pandemias e crises endêmicas, possibilitando melhorias nos cuidados e na conscientização da população sobre as DCNTs e o sistema de saúde.

RESUMEN Las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ENT) son consideradas una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, estas enfermedades han sido desatendidas debido a la sobrecarga de las Unidades Básicas de Salud (UBS). En ese contexto, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar el vínculo entre los pacientes con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) y la atención primaria durante la pandemia de COVID-19, buscando identificar el nivel de conocimiento de la población sobre los parámetros de salud y la relación con el sistema de salud. Se realizó un estudio transversal y observacional, en el que se aplicó un cuestionario en línea para recolectar información socioeconómica de los pacientes y su vínculo con las BHU en la región metropolitana de Maringá/PR, abarcando personas mayores de 18 años. La divulgación se realizó en las redes sociales y los interesados respondieron el cuestionario que abordó temas como identificación, uso de medicamentos, información sobre enfermedades, conocimientos sobre ECNT y datos generales relacionados con el COVID-19. Las respuestas obtenidas y analizadas revelaron un bajo nivel de vinculación de esta población con la atención primaria, así como un desconocimiento sobre las ECNT y su propia salud durante la pandemia. Hubo una notable reducción en la demanda de servicios de salud durante este período, lo que puede explicarse por el temor a la contaminación por el nuevo coronavirus. Este estudio se presenta como una herramienta importante para comprender la respuesta de los pacientes a los desafíos de salud pública durante la pandemia. Puede convertirse en un valioso aliado para enfrentar futuras pandemias y crisis endémicas, posibilitando mejoras en la atención y concientización de la población sobre las ECNT y el sistema de salud.

Maternal healthcare in South Africa faces huge private and public health systems challenges. A key challenge for policy makers is how to address the inappropriate patterns of obstetric care in the private sector and how to mobilise private sector resources to serve the broader population dependent on the public sector, without replicating those patterns of inappropriate care. Developing and implementing new obstetric care models that address these challenges and lend themselves to public private engagements could play a vital role in efforts to improve obstetric care in the country. Drawing on insights from research we carried out on the care and contracting models used by five rural district hospitals in the Western Cape Province to contract private general practitioners to provide caesarean delivery services, this article outlines a potential alternative private sector obstetric care model with the aim of stimulating discussion by all relevant stakeholders on the development of new obstetric models for improving obstetric care in the country.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la seguridad de los profesionales de la salud que actuaron en la lucha contra la pandemia de COVID-19 en 2020 en los servicios de salud brasileños. Entre junio y septiembre de 2020 se realizó una encuesta en línea con profesionales de la salud de instituciones públicas y privadas brasileñas, basada en la evaluación y gestión del riesgo de exposición de los trabajadores de la salud en el contexto del virus COVID-19, de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, y se analizaron 2.832 registros. Raza/color y categoría profesional fueron variables relacionadas con el aumento de casos de COVID-19 entre profesionales. Los que se autodeclararon no blancos, técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de resultados positivos, lo que indica una mayor susceptibilidad a la infección relacionada con el nivel socioeconómico y/o categoría profesional y un papel desempeñado en la atención al paciente. Las variables estructura de las unidades de salud, ubicación, prueba y disponibilidad de equipo de protección personal se relacionaron con el grado de riesgo de contraer la enfermedad. Se destaca la importancia de garantizar insumos y equipos a los profesionales de la salud, especialmente en un contexto pandémico y entre aquellos con bajo nivel socioeconómico que trabajan en primera línea. Los riesgos en situaciones de emergencia y escasez deben ser monitoreados prospectivamente, ajustándose a las iniciativas de seguridad del paciente. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 202 brasileños brasileñas COVID19, 19, Salud 2832 2 832 2.83 registros Razacolor Raza color blancos positivos yo o paciente ubicación enfermedad prospectivamente COVID1 1 COVID- 20 283 83 2.8 28 8 2.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of health professionals who worked in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 in Brazilian health services. An online survey was conducted between June and September 2020, with health professionals from Brazilian public and private institutions, based on the Health workers exposure risk assessment and management in the context of COVID-19 virus, from the World Health Organization, and 2,832 records were analyzed. Race/color and professional category were variables related to the increase of covid-19 cases among professionals. Those who self-declared themselves non-white, technical and nursing assistants had a higher chance of positive results, indicating a higher susceptibility to infection related to socioeconomic level and/or professional category and a role played in patient care. The variables structure of the health units, location, test and availability of personal protective equipment were related to the degree of risk of contracting the disease. The importance of ensuring inputs and equipment to health professionals is highlighted, especially in a pandemic context and among those with low socioeconomic level who work on the front line. Risks in emergency and scarcity situations should be prospectively monitored, adjusting to patient safety initiatives. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 202 services institutions virus Organization 2832 2 832 2,83 analyzed Racecolor Race color covid19 covid covid-1 selfdeclared self declared nonwhite, nonwhite non white, white non-white results andor or care units location disease highlighted line monitored initiatives COVID1 1 COVID- 20 283 83 2,8 covid1 covid- 28 8 2,

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar a segurança dos profissionais de saúde que atuaram no combate à pandemia de covid-19 em 2020 nos serviços de saúde brasileiros. Realizou-se inquérito on line, conduzido entre junho e setembro de 2020, com profissionais de saúde de instituições públicas e privadas brasileiras, com base no questionário Health workers exposure risk assessment and management in the context of COVID-19 virus, da Organização Mundial de Saúde, sendo analisados 2.832 registros. Raça/cor e categoria profissional foram variáveis relacionadas ao aumento de casos de covid-19 dentre os profissionais. Os que se autodeclararam não brancos, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem tiveram chance maior de resultado positivo, indicando maior suscetibilidade à infecção relacionada ao nível socioeconômico e/ou categoria profissional e papel desempenhado no cuidado ao paciente. As variáveis estrutura das unidades de saúde, localização, teste e disponibilidade de equipamentos de proteção individual relacionaram-se ao grau de risco de contrair a doença. Ressalta-se a importância da garantia de insumos e equipamentos aos profissionais de saúde, sobretudo em um contexto pandêmico e entre aqueles com baixo nível socioeconômico que atuam na linha de frente. Riscos em situações de emergência e escassez devem ser prospectivamente monitorados, ajustando-se às iniciativas no tocante à segurança do paciente. Objetivouse Objetivou covid19 covid 19 covid-1 202 brasileiros Realizouse Realizou line brasileiras COVID19 COVID COVID-1 virus Saúde 2832 2 832 2.83 registros Raçacor Raça cor brancos positivo eou ou paciente localização relacionaramse relacionaram doença Ressaltase Ressalta frente monitorados ajustandose ajustando covid1 1 covid- 20 COVID1 COVID- 283 83 2.8 28 8 2.

Abstract Elephantiasis, also known as lymphatic filariasis (LF), is a debilitating condition characterized by the thickening of the skin and muscles, primarily affecting the limbs, genitalia, and female breasts. Lymphatic filariasis is a major global health concern, affecting approximately 120 million people worldwide and having a significant impact on people's quality of life, mobility, and socio-economic status. Although LF is endemic in many parts of the world, including Africa, it is a neglected issue in Southern Africa, with little information available. According to the World Health Organisation, approximately 882.5 million people in 44 countries worldwide are at risk of contracting LF, making it the second most common vector-borne disease after malaria. The primary goal of this review was to assess the prevalence of elephantiasis in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. Lymphatic filariasis is endemic in four of the sixteen SADC countries, three countries have administered MDA to the population that required it and they are now under post-intervention surveillance, while LF is no longer a public health problem in Malawi. Global efforts to eliminate LF have been hampered by the non-availability of MDA in some SADC countries such as Angola, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Despite the implementation of mass drug administration programs, a review of the literature reveals gaps in knowledge about LF prevalence cases in SADC countries. Each country faces unique challenges and successes in combating LF due to varying levels of available data and healthcare infrastructure. Some SADC countries continue to bear the burden of LF-related diseases, necessitating ongoing disease prevention and elimination efforts. This review emphasizes the importance of ongoing research, data collection, and novel policies to combat the spread of elephantiasis disease in the SADC region and beyond. Elephantiasis , (LF) muscles limbs genitalia breasts concern 12 peoples s life mobility socioeconomic socio economic status world Africa Organisation 8825 882 5 882. 4 vectorborne vector borne malaria (SADC postintervention post intervention surveillance Malawi nonavailability non availability Angola Mozambique Zambia Zimbabwe programs infrastructure LFrelated related diseases research collection beyond (LF 1 88 8

ABSTRACT Public bidding is a Brazilian subject of great importance, being subject to control by the federal audit court, to prevent deviations and corruption. Even national legislation has undergone recent changes to make the use of this instrument more effective. In the public aspect, the bidding process goes through the determination of the need, the publication process, the choice, the contracting, and the post-contract period. Since some of the bidding modalities are exclusively based in “lowest price” and prevent the direct use of MCDA selecting the alternatives, this paper proposes using a combined approach, using MCDA and cognitive maps, to help in the determination of the bidding object. This approach is applied to a hypothetical situation, and the case study shows the convenience of its practical use in a real situation. The specific case is related to structural covering, using NBR15575 as a criteria definition subsidy. The study shows a contribution of cognitive maps to express the rationale according to legal principles and providing elements of the MCDA model. While FITradeoff supports the definition of the object, which is fundamental to avoid failures in the contracting process. The recent FITradeoff web version is used and the advantage of using the method is the reduction of decision-maker biases, increasing the transparency of the process. importance court corruption effective aspect need choice postcontract post contract period lowest price alternatives object situation covering NBR NBR1557 subsidy model decisionmaker decision maker biases NBR155 NBR15 NBR1

ABSTRACT Objective: this research examines the collaborative development of a standard for publishing open data in public procurement and contracting, drawing on regional and international initiatives. The study posits that disseminating such a standard can potentially enhance the municipalities’ ability to disclose data for citizens and control agencies, complying with open data principles. Method: the study started with an examination of a specific issue encountered within a municipality, engaging a network of stakeholders possessing diverse perspectives and insights into the problem and potential solutions. A proposal to resolve the issue was formulated and subjected to a pilot test in a municipality, evaluating its capacity for interoperability and scalability to other municipalities and public agencies. Result: alongside the proposal for an open data standard comprising three classes of data - public notice, adjudication, and contracting -, the study yielded two additional outcomes: the development and systematization of a co-production methodology to address public issues, and the initiation of a project to establish a statewide network for open data standardization. Conclusion: the development of the open data standard involved the integration of diverse knowledge, resources, and stakeholders. In addition, it encountered challenges, underwent iterations, and imparted valuable lessons. The emphasis on problem-solving and collaborative engagement among municipalities, academia, civil society, and government agencies was an aspect that stood out. Constructed collaboratively, the open data standard demonstrated potential for replication and is recommended for adoption by other organizations seeking to promote open data initiatives. The technopolitical and ontological aspects of the process, along with the perspectives and challenges for its sustainability, contribute to advancing knowledge and enhancing the practice of collaborative governance. Objective initiatives principles Method municipality solutions Result notice adjudication , outcomes coproduction co production issues standardization Conclusion resources addition iterations lessons problemsolving solving academia society out collaboratively process sustainability governance

RESUMO Objetivo: o artigo analisa a construção colaborativa da proposta de um padrão para publicação de dados abertos em compras e contratações públicas, baseado na composição de iniciativas regionais e internacionais. Pressupõe-se que tal padrão, uma vez difundido, pode otimizar a disponibilização de dados por municípios para cidadãos e órgãos de controle, em conformidade com os princípios de dados abertos. Método: partiu-se de um problema concreto vivenciado em um município, envolvendo uma rede de atores com perspectivas e conhecimentos diversos em relação ao problema e sua solução, para desenvolver uma proposta de solução, testar em um município piloto e gerar potencial para interoperabilidade e escalabilidade para outros municípios e órgãos públicos. Resultado: além do padrão em si, contemplando três classes de dados (edital, adjudicação e contrato), houve outros dois produtos: o desenvolvimento e sistematização da metodologia de coprodução em resposta a um problema público e o projeto de constituição de uma rede estadual para a padronização de dados abertos. Conclusão: a construção do padrão envolveu vários conhecimentos, recursos e atores. O processo incluiu desafios, mudanças e aprendizagens. Um dos destaques é o foco na resolução de problemas, a construção colaborativa a partir dos municípios, com academia, sociedade civil e órgãos de governo. Construído de forma colaborativa, o padrão tem potencial de replicabilidade, sendo recomendado para outras organizações que desejem utilizá-lo para gerar dados abertos. As características do processo, de natureza tecnopolítica e ontológica, bem como as perspectivas e os desafios para sua continuidade, contribuem para o conhecimento e a prática da governança colaborativa. Objetivo públicas internacionais Pressupõese Pressupõe se difundido controle Método partiuse partiu solução públicos Resultado si edital, edital (edital contrato, contrato , contrato) produtos Conclusão aprendizagens problemas academia governo replicabilidade utilizálo utilizá lo ontológica continuidade

Die volhoubaarheid van klein- en mediumgrootte kontrakteurs (SMC's) is noodsaaklik met inagneming van die kritieke rol wat hulle in sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkeling wêreldwyd speel. SMC's in Namibië worstel deur die jare deurlopend omdat hulle misluk, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van 'n gebrek aan robuuste beleidsraamwerke om SMC-ontwikkeling en volhoubaarheid in die land te rig. Hierdie studie ondersoek die kritieke suksesfaktore (GSF's) vir SMC's se volhoubaarheid in Namibië. Deur 'n kwalitatiewe benadering te gebruik, is data ingesamel van 60 doelbewus geselekteerde konstruksiebedryfdeelnemers, bestaande uit eienaar-bestuurders van kontrakterende firmas, beleidmakers en konstruksie professionele konsultante. Onderhoude is met die deelnemers gevoer deur gebruik te maak van 'n semi-gestruktureerde onderhoudsinstrument. Data is ontleed met behulp van refleksiewe tematiese analise. Die bevindinge het ses GSF's aan die lig gebring wat insluit die openbare en private instellings se samewerkende ondersteuning, vaardigheidsopleiding, 'n bemagtigende konstruksie-besigheidsomgewing, toegang tot voldoende en bekostigbare finansiering, konsekwente werksgeleenthede en firma eienaar se entrepreneuriese vaardighede. Die geïdentifiseerde CSF's is gebruik vir die ontwikkeling van 'n raamwerk vir die rigtinggewing van die ontwikkeling van SMC's in Namibië. Deur die ses CSF-faktore in die raamwerk in te sluit, kan SMC's effektief ontwikkel en volgehou word. Die raamwerk kan beleidmakers help om fundamentele beleidshervormings te maak en toepaslike en konteksspesifieke intervensies te ontwikkel om SMC's in Namibië en soortgelyke kontekste in stand te hou.

The sustainability of small and medium-sized contractors (SMCs) is vital, considering the critical role they play in socio-economic development globally. SMCs in Namibia have been consistently grappling with high failure rates over the years, largely due to a dearth of robust policy frameworks to guide SMC development and sustainability in the country. This study investigates the critical success factors (CSFs) for SMCs' sustainability in Namibia. Using a qualitative approach, data were collected from 60 purposively selected construction industry participants, comprising owner-managers of contracting firms, policymakers, and construction professional consultants. Interviews were conducted with the participants, using a semi-structured interview tool. Data were then analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings revealed six CSFs, including public and private institutions' collaborative support, skills training, an enabling construction business environment, access to adequate and affordable finance, consistent work opportunities, and firm owner's entrepreneurial skills. The identified CSFs culminated in the development of a framework for guiding the development of SMCs in Namibia. By incorporating the six CSFs in the framework, SMCs could be effectively developed and sustained. The framework may assist policymakers in making fundamental policy reforms and developing appropriate and context-specific interventions to sustain SMCs in Namibia and similar contexts.

ABSTRACT Dengue represents an important public health problem in Brazil, due to the constant epidemics caused by the disease in the country. This study aimed to analyze the funding of research on dengue by the Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Health of Brazil and partners between 2004 to 2020. Was analyzed the trend of the funding by generalized linear regression using Prais-Winster and its distribution between Brazilian regions and Federated Units, research contracting modalities, benefited institutions, and studied themes. Between 2004 and 2020, 232 research studies were funded (R$ 164.03 million), carried out mostly in institutions in the Southeast Region (77.55%), addressing especially the vector control theme (37.93%). The funding trend was stationary in the years studied. The state calls were the main form of contracting modality for the research (65.95%). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of the loan amount between the contracting modalities, and in the number of researches funded and loan amount among Brazilian regions. These findings demonstrate the importance of monitoring the research funding on dengue in Brazil and of implementing strategies to evaluate the research funded, to support and improve the policy to combat the disease and its vector. country 200 2020 PraisWinster Prais Winster Units modalities themes 23 R$ R (R 16403 164 03 164.0 million, million , million) 77.55%, 7755 77.55% 77 55 (77.55%) 37.93%. 3793 37.93% . 37 93 (37.93%) 65.95%. 6595 65.95% 65 95 (65.95%) 20 202 2 1640 16 0 164. 775 77.55 7 5 (77.55% 379 37.93 3 9 (37.93% 659 65.95 6 (65.95% 1 77.5 (77.55 37.9 (37.93 65.9 (65.95 77. (77.5 37. (37.9 65. (65.9 (77. (37. (65. (77 (37 (65 (7 (3 (6 (

RESUMO A dengue representa um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil devido às constantes epidemias causadas pela doença no País. Este estudo objetivou analisar o financiamento de pesquisas sobre dengue pelo Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia do Ministério da Saúde e parceiros no período de 2004 a 2020. Analisou-se a tendência do financiamento por regressão linear generalizada do tipo Prais-Winster e sua distribuição entre as regiões e Unidades Federadas brasileiras, modalidades de contratação das pesquisas, instituições beneficiadas e temas estudados. Entre 2004 e 2020, financiaram-se 232 pesquisas (R$ 164,03 milhões), realizadas, em sua maioria, em instituições da região Sudeste (77,55%), abordando especialmente a temática controle vetorial (37,93%). A tendência de financiamento foi estacionária nos anos estudados. As chamadas estaduais foram a principal forma de modalidade de contratação das pesquisas (65,95%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante na distribuição do valor financiado entre as modalidades de contratação, bem como no número de pesquisas financiadas e valor financiado entre as regiões brasileiras. Esses achados demonstram a importância de monitorar o financiamento de pesquisas sobre dengue no Brasil e de implementar estratégias de avaliação das pesquisas financiadas, para subsidiar e aprimorar a política de enfrentamento da doença e de seu vetor. País 200 2020 Analisouse Analisou se PraisWinster Prais Winster brasileiras estudados financiaramse financiaram 23 R$ R (R 16403 164 03 164,0 milhões, milhões , milhões) realizadas maioria 77,55%, 7755 77,55% 77 55 (77,55%) 37,93%. 3793 37,93% . 37 93 (37,93%) 65,95%. 6595 65,95% 65 95 (65,95%) vetor 20 202 2 1640 16 0 164, 775 77,55 7 5 (77,55% 379 37,93 3 9 (37,93% 659 65,95 6 (65,95% 1 77,5 (77,55 37,9 (37,93 65,9 (65,95 77, (77,5 37, (37,9 65, (65,9 (77, (37, (65, (77 (37 (65 (7 (3 (6 (

RESUMO A dengue representa um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil devido às constantes epidemias causadas pela doença no País. Este estudo objetivou analisar o financiamento de pesquisas sobre dengue pelo Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia do Ministério da Saúde e parceiros no período de 2004 a 2020. Analisou-se a tendência do financiamento por regressão linear generalizada do tipo Prais-Winster e sua distribuição entre as regiões e Unidades Federadas brasileiras, modalidades de contratação das pesquisas, instituições beneficiadas e temas estudados. Entre 2004 e 2020, financiaram-se 232 pesquisas (R$ 164,03 milhões), realizadas, em sua maioria, em instituições da região Sudeste (77,55%), abordando especialmente a temática controle vetorial (37,93%). A tendência de financiamento foi estacionária nos anos estudados. As chamadas estaduais foram a principal forma de modalidade de contratação das pesquisas (65,95%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significante na distribuição do valor financiado entre as modalidades de contratação, bem como no número de pesquisas financiadas e valor financiado entre as regiões brasileiras. Esses achados demonstram a importância de monitorar o financiamento de pesquisas sobre dengue no Brasil e de implementar estratégias de avaliação das pesquisas financiadas, para subsidiar e aprimorar a política de enfrentamento da doença e de seu vetor.

ABSTRACT Dengue represents an important public health problem in Brazil, due to the constant epidemics caused by the disease in the country. This study aimed to analyze the funding of research on dengue by the Department of Science and Technology of the Ministry of Health of Brazil and partners between 2004 to 2020. Was analyzed the trend of the funding by generalized linear regression using Prais-Winster and its distribution between Brazilian regions and Federated Units, research contracting modalities, benefited institutions, and studied themes. Between 2004 and 2020, 232 research studies were funded (R$ 164.03 million), carried out mostly in institutions in the Southeast Region (77.55%), addressing especially the vector control theme (37.93%). The funding trend was stationary in the years studied. The state calls were the main form of contracting modality for the research (65.95%). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of the loan amount between the contracting modalities, and in the number of researches funded and loan amount among Brazilian regions. These findings demonstrate the importance of monitoring the research funding on dengue in Brazil and of implementing strategies to evaluate the research funded, to support and improve the policy to combat the disease and its vector.

Abstract Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, community pharmacy (CP) professionals were among those who experienced the greatest risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2, which forced major adaptations. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to describe the changes implemented in CP professionals during the pandemic, understand the perception of professionals about their experience, and explore changes to remain. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study was conducted via an online questionnaire (June-September 2020). The target population was CP professionals working in Portugal for >2 years and serving the public during the pandemic. Results: Of a total of 353 participants, 84% were female (mean age of 37.6 years), and 81% were pharmacists (mean professional experience of 12.9 years). In the management and organizational dimensions, the most mentioned changes were adaptation to legislative changes (90%), fluctuations in the treasury (82%), and reduction of working hours (46%). Only 2% resorted to simplified layoff. In the back office, there was a need to adapt stock management (93%) and purchase personal protective equipment (99%). In the front office, there was a change in service policies - wicket or conditional opening (92%), routes of the arrival of user requests (91%), and home delivery (82%). Physical changes occurred in 100% of pharmacies. The most frequently implemented procedures were the use of protection systems and PPE, articulation with hospital pharmacies for dispensing in proximity (75%), and training in this area (55%). Regarding interpersonal climate, improvements in the connection between team members are evident: increase in mutual help (57%), solidarity (54%), and group cohesion (50%); in the relationship with clients, the majority indicated the replacement of the usual user by third parties (71%), and changes in communication channels (increase in use of technological means 68%). Conclusions: Results illustrate the profound impact of the pandemic on CP professionals, both professionally and personally. It also highlights the importance of their roles in proximity and community support.

Resumo Introdução: Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, os profissionais de farmácia comunitária (FC) estiveram entre os que apresentaram maior risco de contrair SARS-CoV-2, o que obrigou a grandes adaptações. Objetivos: Descrever as alterações implementadas nas FC durante a pandemia, compreender a percepção dos profissionais sobre as suas vivências e explorar as mudanças a serem mantidas. Metodologia: estudo observacional e transversal (junho-setembro de 2020). A população alvo foram os profissionais de FC a trabalhar em Portugal há >2 anos e atender o público durante a pandemia. Resultados: 353 participantes, 84% do sexo feminino (idade média - 37,6 anos) e 81% eram farmacêuticos (média de experiência profissional de 12,9 anos). Nas dimensões “gestão e organização”, as mudanças mais referidas foram a adaptação a alterações legislativas (90%), flutuações de tesouraria (82%) e redução do horário de trabalho (46%). Apenas 2% recorreram ao lay-off simplificado. No back office: necessidade de adequação do stock (93%) e aquisição de equipamentos de proteção individual (99%). No front office: alteração das políticas de atendimento - atendimento ao postigo ou abertura condicional (92%), vias de chegada dos pedidos dos utentes (91%) e entrega ao domicílio (82%). Alterações físicas ocorreram em 100% das farmácias. Os procedimentos implementados com maior frequência foram a utilização de sistemas de proteção e EPI, a articulação com farmácias hospitalares para dispensa de medicamentos de proximidade (75%) e formação nesta área (55%). Em relação ao clima interpessoal, foram evidentes as melhorias na ligação entre os membros da equipa: aumento da inter-ajuda (57%), solidariedade (54%) e coesão do grupo (50%); no relacionamento com os utentes, a maioria referiu a substituição do utente habitual por terceiros (71%) e alterações nos canais de comunicação (aumento da utilização de meios tecnológicos 68%). Conclusões: Os resultados ilustram o profundo impacto da pandemia nos profissionais de FC, tanto a nível profissional como pessoal. Também de destacar a importância do papel da FC como espaço de saúde de proximidade e apoio à comunidade.

Abstract State contracting is a relevant issue for society's participants, because through this mechanism State resources are invested, seeking the fulfillment of development plan objectives, which in turn are synonymous with collective progress. Thus, a brief theoretical explanation is given of the enabling requirements of financial capacity that are demanded in the specifications, with the aim of having clarity of the expected behavior in the proposed statistical model. Subsequently, the description of the methodology used in the research and the theoretical approach that supports the development of the proposed regression models are presented, the validation tests carried out are presented, and the model with which the probability of a plurality of suppliers is predicted according to the enabling requirements of financial capacity is presented.

Resumen La contratación estatal es un tema relevante para los participantes de la sociedad, ya que a través de este mecanismo se invierten recursos del Estado, buscando el cumplimiento de los objetivos del plan de desarrollo, los cuales a su vez son sinónimo de progreso colectivo. En este sentido, se ofrece una breve explicación teórica de los requisitos habilitantes de capacidad financiera que se exigen en las especificaciones, con el objetivo de tener claridad sobre el comportamiento esperado en el modelo estadístico propuesto. A continuación, se presenta la descripción de la metodología utilizada en la investigación y el enfoque teórico que respalda el desarrollo de los modelos de regresión propuestos, se presentan las pruebas de validación realizadas y se muestra el modelo con el cual se predice la probabilidad de una pluralidad de proveedores de acuerdo con los requisitos habilitantes de capacidad financiera.