Universities face the challenges of substantial reforms such as new managerialism, corporatism, neoliberalism, McDonaldisation, entrepreneurialism, massification, decolonisation, and many other approaches, philosophies, and practices that influence the original idea of the university. In competitive environments, new managerialism in the public sector can be a means of achieving more efficient, flexible, and adaptable management, thus, the permeation and manifestation of new managerialism in public higher education engender business practices and private-sector ideas. Furthermore, these transformations include globalisation and internationalisation, mass participation and vocational credentialing; business-like administration and internal product and performance regimes; quasi-market competition between institutions; and the part marketisation of teaching and research and services. These managerialist ideas, embedded in a neo-liberal conception of globalisation, have specific implications for higher education in the sense that they have the potential to limit contribution to future public administration research and graduate products to serve as public servants. Compounding the situation is academic capitalism, academic entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial academics and the commodification and commoditisation of a public good (education). Furthermore, even research universities seem to be giving way to entrepreneurial universities and are associated with the emergence of corporate universities. The university's entrepreneurial behaviour is seen in professors' perspectives on the university's role in knowledge dissemination -innovation agents being entrepreneurial academics and academic entrepreneurs - the former resembles innovative university members, while the latter resembles a typical start-up entrepreneur. This "Stalinist plan or new managerialism or new functionalism" and entrepreneurialism represents a healthy capitalist enterprise and propel thinking about whether or not universities pursue epistemologies, ontological scholarship, research and curriculum to improve public administration. This conceptual paper identifies complexities in propelling universities to a higher fitness landscape in producing public administration research and graduates. This is because a public university now fends for itself as it influences distinctive segments of the economy and militates against origins of public administration.

ABSTRACT Good governance practices seek to prevent corrupt behavior among public officials by implementing management models that improve administration and establish criteria for hiring public employees. This study analyzes how the Brazilian public administration has been selecting and hiring personnel throughout history and the impact of these practices on public employees’ loyalty. The research is based on a bibliographical review of aspects related to management models and the recruitment of public employees, as well as data collected from official Brazilian government websites. The findings suggest that the discourses and normative changes adopted have not significantly contributed to strengthening public governance based on criteria that consider morality and integrity.

RESUMO As práticas de boa governança buscam evitar que as condutas dos ocupantes de cargos públicos se deem de maneira corrupta. Para tanto, modelos de gestão são elaborados com vistas ao aprimoramento da administração, o que envolve critérios relacionados ao ingresso dos ocupantes dessas funções. Tendo isso em vista, este artigo faz uma análise sobre as maneiras pelas quais se deram as seleções de pessoas ao longo da história brasileira e o que isso revela acerca da lealdade por elas prestada. O estudo baseia-se em uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os aspectos relacionados a modelos de gestão e ingresso de pessoas na administração pública, bem como no levantamento de dados em sítios eletrônicos oficiais do governo brasileiro. Os achados sugerem que os discursos e alterações normativas adotados não foram capazes de contribuir, de modo significativo, para o fortalecimento de uma governança pública pautada em critérios afetos à moralidade e à integridade.

RESUMEN Las prácticas de buen gobierno tratan de evitar comportamientos corruptos por parte de los titulares de cargos públicos. Para ello, se elaboran modelos de gestión con vistas a mejorar la administración, lo que implica criterios relacionados con el ingreso de quienes ocupan estos cargos. Teniendo esto en cuenta, este artículo analiza las formas de selección de las personas a lo largo de la historia de Brasil y lo que esto revela sobre su lealtad. El estudio se basa en una revisión bibliográfica de aspectos relacionados con los modelos de gestión y el ingreso de personas a la administración pública, así como en un estudio de datos en sitios web oficiales del gobierno brasileño. Los resultados sugieren que los discursos y cambios normativos adoptados no han podido contribuir significativamente a fortalecer la gobernanza pública basada en criterios relacionados con la moralidad y la integridad.

Abstract: The work presented here is part of the doctoral thesis and had as its objective the appraisal of records carried out from the perspective of the documentary form as opposed to the appraisal of records from the perspective of “subjects”, in the context of the Brazilian state Executive Branch. The objective was to conceptualize and analyze appraisal as an archival function applied to archival records, based on the documentary form and the subject, carrying out an in-depth study on the methods and ways of using each type of approach, aiming to obtain as a result the definition of which one has the most potential based on a defined reality. The study was carried out from the perspective of the analysis implemented in the schedule dispositions produced within the scope of the Records Management Programs of the States of Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais. The choice to assess the use of management instruments in these two perspectives is due to the need to contribute to the public archives of the state Executive Branch and to archivists, with regard to the importance of deciding on an applicable methodology, already at the moment of conception. of management instruments, especially the document temporality table. A comparative case study was adopted aiming, based on comparable elements, to obtain data on the characteristics of the appraisal process in each of the files selected for the research. The documentary form used as a parameter to define the series demonstrated its ability to contribute to an appraisal process closer to objectivity, especially when compared to the “subject”.

Resumo: O trabalho ora apresentado faz parte da tese de doutoramento e teve como objeto a avaliação de documentos realizada sob a perspectiva do tipo documental em contraponto à avaliação de documentos sob a perspectiva dos “assuntos”, no contexto do Poder Executivo estadual brasileiro. Objetivou-se conceituar e analisar a avaliação como função arquivística aplicada aos documentos de arquivo, tendo como base o tipo documental e o assunto, realizando um estudo sobre os métodos e as formas de utilização de cada tipo de abordagem, visando obter como resultado a definição de qual deles possui mais potencialidades a partir de uma realidade definida. O estudo foi realizado na perspectiva da análise implementada nas tabelas de temporalidade e destinação de documentos produzidas no âmbito dos Programas de Gestão de Documentos dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. A escolha de aferir a utilização dos instrumentos de gestão nessas duas perspectivas se dá pela necessidade de contribuir para os arquivos públicos do Poder Executivo estadual e para os arquivistas, no que se refere à importância de decidir por uma metodologia aplicável, já no momento de concepção dos instrumentos de gestão, especialmente a tabela de temporalidade de documentos. Adotou-se o estudo de caso comparado visando, a partir de elementos comparáveis, obter dados sobre as características do processo avaliativo em cada um dos arquivos selecionados para a pesquisa. O tipo documental utilizado como parâmetro de definição da série demonstrou sua capacidade de contribuir para um processo avaliativo mais próximo da objetividade, principalmente quando comparado ao “assunto”.

Abstract: Cultural actions in the editorial, educational and cultural dissemination spheres could occur virtually, expanding their scope in terms of their social, educational and cultural role in relation to the archival function. The general objective of this investigation was to analyze digital cultural action services in public archives in the capitals, located in the northeast region of Brazil. The research was exploratory and descriptive in nature with a qualitative approach. Sixty websites of archival institutions located in the nine capitals of the Brazilian Northeast, which are listed in the National Registry of Entities Holding Archival Collections and in the Brazilian Directory of Archives, were analyzed. Data collection was supplemented by a bibliographic survey in the Reference Database of Articles from Journals in Information Science and in GoogleScholar, and a questionnaire applied to the institutions via GoogleForms. From this survey, a table and graphs were generated, which were analyzed based on the reading and interpretation of specialized literature. As a result, it was observed that the archives investigated, for the most part, do not work with activities aimed at digital cultural actions; only eighteen institutions, even after the pandemic. Without a doubt, the internet was an important tool in this period as a form of communication, but archives still focus on organizational and storage activities, depriving them of their cultural and educational nature. It was found that the administration needs to implement strategies regarding the use of technology in archival institutions in favor of the dissemination of collections and the promotion of knowledge, through the websites of archival institutions. It is concluded that digital cultural action can be used as a tool to ensure the popularization and access to the documentary heritage of archives for the relevance of dissemination services. The lack of implementation of these policies in archival practice, even after a post-pandemic period, demonstrates the need for public managers to review their actions, suggesting that the archives studied use the Access to Memory software as an access and dissemination/active transparency platform.

Resumo: As ações culturais em âmbito editorial, educativo e de difusão cultural poderiam ocorrer de modo virtual, ampliando o seu escopo quanto ao seu papel social, educacional e cultural no tocante à função arquivística. Essa investigação teve como objetivo geral analisar os serviços de ação cultural digital nos arquivos públicos das capitais, localizados na região nordeste do Brasil. A pesquisa foi de natureza exploratória e descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Foram analisados sessenta sites de instituições arquivísticas localizadas nas nove capitais do Nordeste brasileiro, que constam no Cadastro Nacional de Entidade Custodiadora de Acervos Arquivísticos e no Diretório Brasil de Arquivos. A coleta de dados foi acrescida de levantamento de bibliografia na Base de Dados Referenciais de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação e no GoogleScholar e de questionário aplicado às instituições via GoogleForms. Por meio desse levantamento, foram gerados um quadro e vários gráficos, analisados com base na leitura e na interpretação de literatura especializada. Como resultados, observou-se que os arquivos investigados, em sua maioria, não trabalham com atividades voltadas para ações culturais digitais; apenas dezoito instituições, mesmo com a pós-pandemia. Sem dúvida, a internet foi uma ferramenta importante neste período como forma de comunicação. Contudo, os arquivos ainda se centram nas atividades de organização e de guarda, privando-os de sua natureza cultural e educacional. Constou-se que a administração necessita implementar estratégias quanto ao uso da tecnologia em instituições arquivísticas em prol da difusão dos acervos e da promoção do conhecimento, através dos sites das instituições arquivísticas. Conclui-se que a ação cultural digital pode ser usada como ferramenta para garantir a popularização e o acesso ao patrimônio documental dos arquivos para a relevância dos serviços de difusão. A falta de execução dessas políticas na prática arquivística, mesmo depois de um período pós-pandemia, demonstra a necessidade dos gestores públicos em revisar suas ações, sugerindo aos arquivos estudados o uso do software Access to Memory como plataforma de acesso e de difusão/transparência ativa.

RESUMO: A esporotricose e a leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) são importantes zoonoses negligenciadas do ponto de vista da saúde pública. Aqui, relatamos o primeiro caso de coinfecção por Sporothrix brasiliensis e Leishmania infantum em um cão com histórico de lesão cutânea ulcerada não cicatrizante. Após um ano e quatro meses sendo atendido sem sucesso no diagnóstico e tratamento, o cão foi encaminhado a um hospital veterinário universitário e foi diagnosticado com esporotricose pela técnica de cultura fúngica, considerada padrão-ouro, e confirmou-se molecularmente a espécie envolvida, S. brasiliensis. Paralelamente, um suabe da lesão foi enviado para realização de PCR convencional e quantitativo para leishmaniose, sendo positivo para L. infantum. O tratamento específico para esporotricose foi iniciado com itraconazol. Além disso, foi preconizado o uso de um leishmaniostático e um imunomodulador considerando que o animal não apresentava um quadro clínico severo de leishmaniose. O tratamento para esporotricose não foi satisfatório e devido à condição de piora clínica do animal, somado ao longo processo para obtenção do diagnóstico preciso, o tutor optou pela eutanásia. Destacamos que dado o cenário epidemiológico dessas zoonoses, uma abordagem combinada de métodos diagnósticos que comprovem ambos os agentes patogênicos é essencial para cães com lesões dermatológicas sugestivas de LVC e esporotricose. O presente relato ainda demonstra que o encontro de um destes agentes não exclui a presença do outro, devendo os veterinários estarem atentos para aumentar as chances do diagnóstico correto e tratamento oportuno. RESUMO (LVC pública Aqui cicatrizante fúngica padrãoouro, padrãoouro padrão ouro, ouro padrão-ouro confirmouse confirmou se envolvida S Paralelamente L itraconazol disso preciso eutanásia outro oportuno

ABSTRACT: Sporotrichosis and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) are important but neglected zoonoses from a public health perspective. Herein, we reported the first case of co-infection by Sporothrix brasiliensis and Leishmania infantum in a dog with a history of non-healing ulcerated skin lesion. After unsuccessful diagnosis and treatment for one year and four months, the dog was referred to a university veterinary hospital where a diagnosis of sporotrichosis was made using the gold standard fungal culture technique, with the species molecularly confirmed as S. brasiliensis. Additionally, a lesion swab was sent for conventional and quantitative PCR to detect leishmaniasis, ultimately testing positive for L. infantum. Specific treatment for sporotrichosis comprising itraconazole was initiated. Furthermore, considering the absence of severe clinical signs of leishmaniasis the administration of a leishmanicidal agent and immunomodulator were recommended. However, the treatment for sporotrichosis was unsatisfactory, and owing to the animal’s worsening clinical condition and the lengthy process leading to an accurate diagnosis, the owner opted for euthanasia. Given the epidemiological scenario of these zoonotic infections, a combined approach using diagnostic methods to confirm the presence of both pathogens is essential in dogs with dermatological lesions indicative of CVL and sporotrichosis. This case report further demonstrates that the presence of one of these agents does not exclude the presence of the other, highlighting the need for veterinarians to be vigilant to increase the chances of ensuring an accurate diagnosis and timely treatment. ABSTRACT (CVL perspective Herein coinfection co infection nonhealing non healing months technique S Additionally L initiated Furthermore recommended However unsatisfactory animals animal s euthanasia infections other

ABSTRACT This article proposes a comprehensive methodology for the evaluation of internal controls in public institutions in Mexico, in order to strengthen management and transparency in the use of resources, to collect and analyze data from various public institutions. The findings reveal critical areas that require immediate attention and offer comparisons with international standards. The correct implementation of a methodology for evaluating internal controls in public institutions is essential to ensure transparency in accountability and avoid possible cases of fraud. These internal controls make it possible to identify risks and detect irregularities, which contributes to protecting public resources and ensuring the welfare of society through their efficient management. It is important to note that the focus on continuous improvement and promotion of an ethical culture in senior management are essential for effective public administration and compliance with legal regulations. In this way, it is possible to optimize processes, increase efficiency and properly fulfill government responsibilities.

RESUMEN El presente artículo propone una metodología integral para la evaluación de controles internos en instituciones públicas en México, con el fin de fortalecer la gestión y la transparencia en el uso de recursos, para recoger y analizar datos de diversas instituciones públicas. Los hallazgos revelan áreas críticas que requieren atención inmediata y ofrecen comparativas con estándares internacionales. La correcta implementación de una metodología de evaluación de controles internos en instituciones públicas es fundamental para asegurar la transparencia en la rendición de cuentas y evitar posibles casos de fraude. Estos controles internos permiten identificar riesgos y detectar irregularidades, lo que contribuye a proteger los recursos públicos y garantizar el bienestar de la sociedad a través de una gestión eficiente de los mismos. Es importante destacar que el enfoque en la mejora continua y la promoción de una cultura ética en la alta dirección son aspectos esenciales para una administración pública efectiva y el cumplimiento de las normativas legales. De esta manera se logra optimizar los procesos, aumentar la eficiencia y cumplir adecuadamente con las responsabilidades gubernamentales.

Resumen El derecho penal ha sido concebido históricamente como aquella rama de la ciencia jurídica que debe aplicarse en los casos más delicados que han puesto en peligro o dañado a los bienes más preciados para la sociedad, en un tiempo y lugar determinado. Incluso, persiste la noción pública de que es la parte más reactiva de la ciencia jurídica, al ejercer el poder coercitivo del Estado, comprendiendo la restricción de libertad o imponiendo sanciones de carácter pecuniario; sin embargo, dentro del orden jurídico constitucional mexicano, se ha otorgado la posibilidad de que en el ámbito penal se privilegien mecanismos alternativos de solución de controversias que han flexibilizado su esencia, viendo más reactivo ahora al derecho administrativo disciplinario. En esa medida, el objetivo del presente trabajo es proponer algunas líneas que ofrezcan una postura sobre esta desnaturalización del derecho penal; o bien, sobre su reconfiguración contemporánea, para lo que se emplea una metodología basada en la exégesis constitucional y legal en un estudio comparativo con la doctrina cuyas conclusiones permiten determinar el aumento en el rigor, al menos en el derecho positivo vigente, del derecho administrativo que ha sido potenciado en el sistema anticorrupción mexicano, atenuando con ello, la idea del derecho penal como última intervención del sistema jurídico en la regulación de la conducta humana.

Résumé Le droit pénal a été historiquement conçu comme cette branche de la science juridique qui doit être appliquée dans les cas les plus délicats ayant mis en danger ou endommagé les biens les plus précieux pour la société, à un moment et un lieu donné. La notion publique persiste qu'il s'agit de la partie la plus réactive de la science juridique, en exerçant le pouvoir coercitif de l'État, comprenant la restriction de la liberté ou l'imposition de sanctions pécuniaires. Cependant, dans l'ordre juridique constitutionnel mexicain, il a été accordé la possibilité que, dans le domaine pénal, des mécanismes alternatifs de résolution des conflits soient privilégiés, ce qui a flexibilisé son essence, rendant le droit administratif disciplinaire plus réactif. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de ce travail est de proposer quelques lignes qui offrent une position sur cette dénaturalisation du droit pénal; ou bien, sur sa reconfiguration contemporaine. Pour cela, une méthodologie basée sur l'exégèse constitutionnelle et légale dans une étude comparative avec la doctrine est employée, dont les conclusions permettent de déterminer l'augmentation de la rigueur, au moins dans le droit positif en vigueur, du droit administratif qui a été renforcé dans le système anti-corruption mexicain, atténuant ainsi l'idée du droit pénal comme dernière intervention du système juridique dans la régulation de la conduite humaine.

Abstract Criminal law has historically been conceived as that branch of legal science that must be applied in the most delicate cases that have endangered or damaged the most precious assets of society, at a specific time and place. Even the public notion persists that it is the most reactive part of legal science, when exercising the coercive power of the State, including the restriction of freedom or imposing pecuniary sanctions. However, within the Mexican constitutional legal order, the possibility has been granted for alternative dispute resolution mechanisms to be privileged in the criminal field that have made its essence more flexible, now seeing disciplinary administrative law as more reactive. To that extent, the objective of this work is to propose some lines that offer a position on this denaturalization of criminal law; or, on its contemporary reconfiguration, for which a methodology based on constitutional and legal exegesis is used in a comparative study with the doctrine whose conclusions allow determining the increase in rigor, at least in current positive law, of administrative law which has been strengthened in the Mexican anti-corruption system, thereby attenuating the idea of criminal law as the last intervention of the legal system in the regulation of human conduct.

RESUMEN Introducción: La adherencia al cumplimiento del protocolo previene errores de medicación disminuye el riesgo de eventos adversos a los pacientes. El presente estudio tiene por objetivo evaluar el nivel de cumplimiento del protocolo de administración de medicamentos de los profesionales de enfermería en pacientes pediátricos de un Hospital Público de la ciudad de Encarnación. Metodología: Es una investigación de diseño observacional, no experimental, enfoque cuantitativo, estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se trabajó con una población muestra de 64 profesionales de Enfermería de la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica, Internación Pediátrica y Urgencias Pediátrica de un Servicio de Salud de la ciudad de Encarnación, durante los meses de abril y mayo del 2023. El instrumento incluyó “los 8 correctos” y “los 4 yo”, que constituye parte del protocolo de seguridad del paciente. Resultados: Los datos obtenidos muestran que el nivel de cumplimiento del protocolo de administración de medicamento en los profesionales de enfermería demostró que el 31% de los evaluados cumple con el protocolo de administración de medicamento según la guía de seguridad del paciente del MSPBS, mientras que el 69% no cumple con el respectivo indicador. Conclusión: Se concluye que, si bien las intervenciones de enfermería deben basarse en la evidencia, cambiar los hábitos establecidos, es un proceso que involucra varias etapas y lleva tiempo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Adherence to protocols prevents medication errors and reduces the risk of adverse events in patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of compliance with the medication administration protocol by nurses in paediatric patients in a public hospital in the city of Encarnación. Methodology: This is an observational, nonexperimental, quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. We worked with a sample population of 64 nurses from the paediatric intensive care unit, paediatric inpatient unit and paediatric emergency unit of a health service in the city of Encarnación, during the months of April and May 2023. The tool included 'the right 8' and 'the 4 I's', which are part of the patient safety protocol. Results: The data obtained show that the level of compliance with the medication administration protocol among nurses showed that 31% of those evaluated complied with the medication administration protocol according to the MSPBS Patient Safety Guide, while 69% did not comply with the corresponding indicator. Conclusion: It is concluded that although nursing interventions should be evidence-based, changing established habits is a multi-step process that takes time.

Resumen Este artículo examina la convergencia de los criterios ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) y las tecnologías legal tech en el contexto del derecho público español, analizando su impacto en la administración pública y el acceso a la justicia. Se explora cómo las entidades públicas están integrando los principios ESG en sus políticas y procesos, mientras se adaptan a la revolución digital que transforma la prestación de servicios públicos. El estudio destaca la importancia de las tecnologías legal tech en la mejora de la eficiencia administrativa y la democratización del acceso a servicios jurídicos, en línea con el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 16.3 de las Naciones Unidas. Se analiza el marco legislativo español, incluyendo la Ley 9/2017 de Contratos del Sector Público o el Real Decreto 6/2023 sobre transformación digital, para contextualizar la implementación de estas innovaciones, junto con otro elenco extenso de importante y nueva regulación. El trabajo ofrece una visión integral de los desafíos y oportunidades que surgen en este nuevo paradigma de gobernanza pública sostenible y tecnológicamente avanzada, contribuyendo al debate sobre la modernización del sistema judicial y la formulación de políticas públicas en España.

Abstract This article examines the convergence of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) criteria and legal tech technologies in the context of Spanish public law, analysing their impact on public administration and access to justice. It explores how public entities are integrating ESG principles into their policies and processes, while adapting to the digital revolution transforming public service delivery; The study highlights the importance of legal tech technologies in improving administrative efficiency and democratising access to legal services, in line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 16.3. The Spanish legislative framework is analysed, including Law 9/2017 on Public Sector Contracts or Royal Decree 6/2023 on digital transformation, to contextualise the implementation of these innovations, along with another extensive list of important new regulations. The work offers a comprehensive view of the challenges and opportunities arising in this new paradigm of sustainable and technologically advanced public governance, contributing to the debate on the modernisation of the judicial system and the formulation of public policies in Spain.

RESUMEN El presente articulo tiene como objetivo medir el grado de weberianismo del “Instituto Superior Tecnológico Riobamba” (ISTR), con base en el marco teórico-analítico propuesto por Evans & Rauch (2015) para burocracias estatales. La metodología empleada fue a través del estudio de caso con el procedimiento de congruencia “tipo 1” descrito por Vans Evera (1997), se observaron las variables del ISTR y se compararon con los institutos ecuatorianos. Entre los resultados encontrados esta un puntaje ideal de 9 puntos, el ISTR obtuvo 5. No es tan bajo como los funcionarios de último nivel y están muestra rasgos tecnocráticos. Concluyéndose que la agencia está formando su infraestructura, en el corto tiempo de vida tiene capacidad de cumplir objetivos. Aún faltan recursos para alcanzar la burocratización, el camino es largo porque su organización administrativa y financiera depende de la voluntad política del órgano rector de educación superior ecuatoriano y la autoridad local, que presenta una relación conflictiva entre el autoritarismo del centro y el patrimonialismo local.

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to measure the degree of Weberianism of the “Instituto Superior Tecnológico Riobamba” (ISTR), based on the theoretical-analytical framework proposed by Evans and Rauch (2015) for state bureaucracies. The methodology used was through the case study with the “type 1” congruence procedure described by Vans Evera (1997), the ISTR variables were observed and compared with the Ecuadorian institutes. Among the results found is an ideal score of 9 points, the ISTR obtained 5. It is not as low as the last level officials and they show technocratic traits. Concluding that the agency is forming its infrastructure, in the short time of life it has the capacity to meet objectives. There is still a lack of resources to achieve bureaucratization, the road is long because its administrative and financial organization depends on the political will of the governing body of Ecuadorian higher education and the local authority, which presents a conflictive relationship between the authoritarianism of the center and local patrimonialism.

Resumen El objetivo de la investigación es describir el comportamiento de la matrícula en México del ciclo escolar 2010-2011 al 2021-2022 dividido por área de conocimiento en las ocho regiones del país. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo, con un tipo no experimental y un alcance exploratorio-descriptivo de forma evolutiva, tomando información de la ANUIES sobre instituciones de educación superior públicas, de modalidad escolarizada. En todo el país, desde el ciclo 2010-2011 se tenía una matrícula de 1,933,907 al 2021-2022 con 3,493,562 estudiantes. Las áreas con mayor matrícula fueron Ingeniería, Manufactura y Construcción; Ciencias sociales y Derecho; junto con Administración y Negocios. En los últimos doce años, la matrícula en México se ha incrementado en un 44.64%; siendo el área de Servicios la que más creció con un 63.94% junto con la de Ciencias Naturales, Matemáticas y Estadística con un 58.7%. La que tuvo un decrecimiento fue el Área de Ciencias de la Educación con un -52.24%; y Ciencias de la Información y de la Comunicación con apenas un 5.12% de crecimiento. En el último ciclo escolar 2021-2022 con respecto al anterior; las que más crecieron fueron Ciencias de la Educación (10.49%) y Tecnologías de la Información y de la Comunicación (12.23%).

Abstract The objective of the research is to describe the behavior of enrollment in Mexico from the school year 2010-2011 to 2021-2022 divided by area of knowledge in the eight regions of the country. A quantitative approach was used, with a non-experimental type and an exploratory-descriptive scope in an evolutionary way, taking information from the ANUIES about public higher education institutions, and schooling modality. Throughout the country, from the 2010-2011 cycle there was an enrollment were 1,933,907 to 2021-2022 with 3,493,562 students. The areas with the highest enrollment are Engineering, Manufacturing and Construction; Social Sciences and Law; along with Administration and Business. In the last twelve years, enrollment in Mexico has increased by 44.64%; being the area of Services the one that grew the most with 63.94% along with that of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics with 58.7%. The one that had a decrease was the Area of Education Sciences with -52.24%; and Information and Communication Sciences with just 5.12% growth. In the last school year 2021-2022 with respect to the previous one; the ones that grew the most were Education Sciences (10.49%) and Information and Communication Technologies (12.23%).

Abstract: Recognizing the neoliberal model as a framework where the role of the state, the real estate market and civil society are relevant in the production of a green public space, this article analyzes the role of the neoliberal State and its alliance with the real estate sector and civil society in the creation of gentrified public spaces. From the qualitative approach, the social dynamics of the park were observed through observation in field work and a series of unstructured interviews with the agents in charge of the administration of the green public space. The results reveal that the links between the three actors are mediated by the context in which the management of the park is presented, that is, the making of urban policies is carried out in such a way that gentrified green spaces are produced. It is concluded that La Mexicana Urban Park is an example of how neoliberal urban policy contributes to an unequal green urban agenda and exercises the exclusion and exclusivity of the green landscape in the city.

Resumen: Aunque la creación y/o renovación de espacios públicos verdes se reconoce como un aporte al bienestar ambiental de las ciudades también puede contribuir a lo que se ha señalado como gentrificación verde. Este artículo analiza el papel del Estado neoliberal y su alianza con el sector inmobiliario y sociedad civil para la creación de espacios públicos verdes resultado de políticas públicas y/o estrategias de actores privados. Desde el enfoque cualitativo, con trabajo de campo, se observó la dinámica social del parque a través de realizar observación de prácticas de los usuarios y entrevistas no estructuradas a los agentes encargados de la administración con la finalidad de indagar discursos de lo que acontecía al interior y exterior del espacio verde. Los resultados revelan que los vínculos entre los tres actores están mediados por el contexto en el que se presenta la gestión del parque, es decir, la hechura de las políticas urbanas se efectúa de tal manera que se produce gentrificación verde. Se concluye que el Parque Urbano La Mexicana es un ejemplo de cómo la política urbana neoliberal contribuye en una agenda urbana verde desigual y ejerce la exclusión y exclusividad del paisaje verde urbano.

Abstract: The process of political-administrative decentralization in Chile has made important ad- vances since the end of the last decade, especially highlighting the election of regional governors through Law 21,073 for the first time in history, added to certain progressive advances in matters of transfer of powers especially under Law 21,074 from the central level of government. In particular, the express desire of said law to hand over to the elected regional governments the administration of their metropolitan areas with powers in the field of transportation, environment and planning is highlighted. However, in our potentially recognized metropolitan areas, deep inequalities are expressed in terms of quality of urban life, with their urban-territorial configuration until now being the result preferably of the action of sectoral public policies with little impact from regional governments. In the case of the Santiago Metropolitan Area (AMS), it is especially relevant as a case study, because it is where the largest and most significant public policies have been experienced in terms of infrastructure, equipment and incentives for residential densification, as well as development projects. private investment, which together explain the urban and territorial transformations of its metropolitan area.

Resumen: El proceso de descentralización político-administrativa en Chile ha tenido importantes avances a partir de finales de la década pasada, destacándose especialmente la elección de gobernadores regionales, a través de la Ley 21.073, por primera vez en la historia, sumado a ciertos avances progresivos en materia de traspaso de competencias especial- mente bajo la Ley 21.074 desde el nivel central de gobierno. En particular, se destaca la voluntad expresa de dicha ley de entregar a los gobiernos regionales elegidos la administración de sus áreas metropolitanas con competencias en el ámbito de transporte, medio ambiente y planificación. No obstante, en nuestras áreas metropolitanas potencialmente reconocidas se expresan profundas desigualdades en materia de calidad de vida urbana, siendo su configuración urbano-territorial hasta ahora, resultado preferentemente de la acción de políticas públicas sectoriales con escasa incidencia de los gobiernos regionales. El caso del Área Metropolitana de Santiago (AMS), resulta especialmente relevante como caso de estudio, porque es donde se han experimentado las mayores y más trascendentes políticas públicas en materia de infraestructura, equipamientos e incentivos a la densificación residencial, así como proyectos de inversión privados, los cuales en conjunto explican las transformaciones urbanas y territoriales de su área metropolitana.

Abstract: The new headquarters of Radio Télévision Suisse (RTS) by OFFICE Kersten Geers David Van Severen, the winning entry of a 2014 competition and set to open in 2025, redefines the relationship between classical broadcasting, contemporary media, educational facilities and public space. Situated on the EPFL-UNIL campus, the design organizes its primary functions -television studio, concert hall, media library, and administration- into four distinct volumes, supporting a suspended, continuous workspace 7 meters above ground for editing and production. Beneath this elevated field of media activity lies a spacious public terrace and logistics hub, extending into the surrounding campus and offering a dynamic public interface at street level.

Resumen: La nueva sede de Radio Télévision Suisse (RTS) diseñada por OFFICE Kersten Geers David Van Severen, ganadora de un concurso en 2014 y prevista para abrir en 2025, redefine la relación entre la radiodifusión clásica, los medios contemporáneos, las instalaciones educativas y el espacio público. Ubicado en el campus EPFL-UNIL, el proyecto distribuye sus funciones principales -estudio de televisión, sala de conciertos, mediateca y administración- en cuatro volúmenes independientes que sostienen un espacio de trabajo abierto y continuo, suspendido a 7 metros del suelo, destinado a la edición y producción. Bajo este campo elevado de actividad mediática, una amplia terraza pública y un centro logístico extienden el edificio hacia el campus, creando una interfaz dinámica que vincula el nivel de la calle con el entorno académico.