Abstract Introduction: Positive mental health involves a mix of personal and psychosocial resources, as well as attitudes, affections, and positive behaviors that allow the person to face the challenges that arise in life, at a personal, family, social, and school level. Objective: Determine the association between personal factors and positive mental health in high school students during COVID-19. Methodology: Descriptive correlational study. Intentional non-probabilistic sampling. The sample consisted of 210 students of both sexes, ages 15 to 19, enrolled in cycle 2022-1 of the morning shift. Adolescents with visual conditions were excluded. A personal factors study and Positive Mental Health Scale were applied, with prior assent and informed consent. The statistical analysis was descriptive and inferential Results: The students were 64.8% female, 76.1% were under 17 years of age, 53.3% were in the sixth semester, 42% presented COVID-19 and 45% reported losses due to COVID-19. Global positive mental health was low in 50.5% of students. There was a significant positive statistical association in overall positive mental health with sex p=0.01, and a negative one with suffering from a mental illness p=0.01 and having family members who suffered from a mental illness p=0.05. Conclusion: Mental health of young people was not very positive. It needs to be studied to generate nursing interventions for promotion and prevention of school health to result in effective stress management of young people who are in high school when considering the family, society, and the educational field.

Abstrato Introdução: A saúde mental positiva envolve um conjunto de recursos pessoais e psicossociais, atitudes, afetos e comportamentos positivos que permitem à pessoa enfrentar os desafios que surgem na vida, a nível pessoal, familiar, social e escolar. Objetivo: Determinar a associação entre fatores pessoais e saúde mental positiva em estudantes do ensino médio em tempos de COVID-19. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, preditivo e correlacional. Amostragem não probabilística intencional, amostra 210 estudantes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 15 e 19 anos, matriculados no ciclo 2022-1 do turno da manhã. Foram excluídos os adolescentes com problemas visuais. Foram aplicados inquérito de fatores pessoais e Escala de Saúde Mental Positiva, com prévio assentimento e consentimento informado. A análise estatística foi descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: Os alunos eram 64,8% do sexo feminino, 76,1% tinham menos de 17 anos, 53,3% estavam no sexto semestre, 42% apresentaram COVID-19 e 45% relataram perdas por COVID-19. A saúde mental positiva global foi baixa em 50,5% dos estudantes. Houve associação estatística positiva significativa na saúde mental geral positiva com sexo p=0,01, e negativa com sofrer de doença mental p=0,01 e ter familiares que sofriam de doença mental p=0,05. Conclusão: A saúde mental positiva dos jovens foi baixa, necessita ser estudada para gerar intervenções de enfermagem na promoção e prevenção da saúde escolar para promover o enfrentamento eficaz do manejo do estresse dos jovens que estão no ensino médio quando se considera a família, a sociedade e o campo educacional.

Resumen Introducción: La salud mental positiva involucra una mezcla de recursos personales y psicosociales, actitudes, afectos y comportamientos positivos que permiten a la persona enfrentar los retos que se le presentan en la vida, a nivel personal, familiar, social y escolar. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre factores personales y la salud mental positiva en estudiantes de bachillerato en tiempos de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo correlacional. Muestreo intencional no probabilístico, en una muestra de 210 estudiantes de ambos sexos, edades de 15 a 19 años, inscritos en ciclo 2022-1 del turno matutino. Se excluyeron adolescentes con afecciones visuales. Se aplicó encuesta de factores personales y Escala de Salud Mental Positiva, previo asentimiento y consentimiento informado. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: Los estudiantes fueron 64.8 % del sexo femenino, 76.1 % eran menores de 17 años, 53.3 % cursaban sexto semestre, 42 % presentó COVID-19 y 45 % manifestó pérdidas por Covid-19. La salud mental positiva global fue baja en 50.5 % de los estudiantes. Hubo asociación estadística significativa positiva en salud mental positiva global con sexo p=0.01, y negativa con padecer alguna enfermedad mental p=0.01 y contar con familiares que padecían alguna enfermedad mental p=0.05. Conclusión: La salud mental positiva de los jóvenes fue baja, se requiere ser estudiada para generar intervenciones de enfermería en promoción y prevención de la salud escolar para favorecer un afrontamiento efectivo del manejo el estrés de los jóvenes que cursan bachillerato al considerar a la familia, la sociedad y al ámbito educativo.

Abstract Introduction: First responders in emergencies are exposed to psychosocial factors that can increase the risk of stress, due, among other variables, to the conditions of the functions performed, which can undermine the health status of this population. Objective: Determine the symptoms that reveal the presence of stress reactions in first responders to emergencies and their association with age and seniority in the institution. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out that included first responders to emergencies from a fire department in Colombia, 215 participants. An association was made between the level of stress and the variables age and seniority. Results: A high and very high stress level of 50.3% was found. Physiological and social behavior symptoms presented the highest levels. Older workers had greater stress. There was no association with length of service. Conclusion: More than half of the population has high and very high stress levels. The oldest emergency first responders were those with the highest risk levels of stress.

Resumen Introducción: Los trabajadores de primera respuesta a emergencias se encuentra expuestos a factores psicosociales que pueden incrementar el riesgo de estrés, debido, entre otras variables, a las condiciones propias de las funciones ejercidas lo cual puede menoscabar el estado de salud de esta población. Objetivo: Determinar los síntomas reveladores de la presencia de reacciones de estrés en personal de primera respuesta a emergencias y su asociación con la edad y la antigüedad en la institución. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal que incluyó el personal de primera respuesta a emergencias de una institución de bomberos en Colombia, 215 participantes. Se realizó asociación entre el nivel de estrés y las variables edad y antigüedad. Resultados: Se encontró un nivel de estrés alto y muy alto del 50.3%. Los síntomas fisiológicos y de comportamiento social presentaron los niveles más altos. Los trabajadores con mayor edad presentaron mayor estrés. No se presentó asociación con la antigüedad en el cargo. Conclusión: Más de la mitad de la población tiene niveles de estrés alto y muy alto. Los trabajadores de primera respuesta a emergencias con mayor edad fueron los que presentaron niveles de riesgo más alto de estrés.

Abstract Through the Official Mexican Standard NOM-035-STPS-2018, organizations have the possibility of identifying, analyzing, and preventing psychosocial risk factors in the workplace, as well as promoting adequate organizational environments. Its compliance is mandatory for most of the organizations located in this nation. The main objective of the study is to validate the instrument of psychosocial risk factors included in the NOM-035-STPS-2018 standard through an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. In this investigation, an analysis of the validity of the questionnaire proposed in the reference guide III of the aforementioned Standard was carried out based on the criteria established in the same document. For this, said instrument was applied to 250 workers of a maquiladora company located in the State of Guanajuato. It was found that, although the questionnaire is valid, it can be enriched based on the experience of the same organizations and that it should be adapted to extraordinary situations as a pandemic.

Resumen Por medio de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-035-STPS-2018, cuyo cumplimento es obligatorio para la mayoría las organizaciones, se tiene la posibilidad de identificar, analizar y prevenir los factores de riesgo psicosociales en los centros de trabajo, así como propiciar entornos organizacionales adecuados. El objetivo principal de este estudio radica en validar el instrumento de factores de riesgo psicosociales incluido en la norma a través de un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. En esta investigación se efectúo un análisis de la validez del cuestionario propuesto en la guía de referencia III de la citada norma con base en los criterios establecidos en el mismo documento. Para ello, se aplicó el instrumento a 250 trabajadores de una empresa maquiladora situada en el Estado de Guanajuato. Se halló que, aunque el cuestionario es válido, es susceptible de ser enriquecido con base en la experiencia de las mismas organizaciones y que debería adaptarse a situaciones extraordinarias como una pandemia.

Abstract Higher education in Mexico faces significant challenges in terms of failure and academic lag, factors that negatively impact the academic performance of students and their professional and personal development. Despite efforts to reduce these rates, Higher Education Institutions continue to seek strategies to address this problem. The objective of this research was to explain the lag and failure of higher education students through tutoring, in order to propose strategies for continuous improvement. A descriptive methodology was used through a sequential mixed method in two stages. First, a questionnaire was applied to 413 students and, subsequently, a qualitative analysis was carried out through a focus group with 7 students and 10 interviews with those in charge of processes linked to tutoring. The subjects with the highest passing rates are English, mathematics, information technology and statistics. 66% of students reported emotional problems derived from family issues. In addition, a lack of commitment to their studies and difficulties with the credit system that limits the choice of teachers were identified. The research revealed the need to implement preventive programs, monitoring, psychosocial and psychoemotional programs, as well as a public mental health policy. It is crucial to strengthen tutoring programs and adapt the curriculum to improve academic performance and prevent lag and failure in higher education.

Resumen La educación superior en México enfrenta retos significativos en términos de reprobación y rezago escolar, lo cual afectan negativamente el desempeño académico de los estudiantes y su desarrollo profesional y personal. De hecho, y a pesar de los esfuerzos para reducir estas tasas, las instituciones de educación superior continúan buscando estrategias para abordar esta problemática. Por eso, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el rezago y la reprobación de los estudiantes de educación superior desde la perspectiva de la tutoría con el fin de proponer estrategias para la mejora continua. Para eso, se empleó una metodología descriptiva mediante un enfoque mixto secuencial en dos etapas: primero, se aplicó un cuestionario a 413 estudiantes y, posteriormente, se realizó un análisis cualitativo a través de un grupo focal con 7 estudiantes y 10 entrevistas a responsables de procesos relacionados con la tutoría. Los resultados demuestran que las asignaturas con mayores índices de reprobación son inglés, matemáticas, tecnologías de la información y estadística. Asimismo, el 66 % de los estudiantes reportó problemas emocionales derivados de asuntos familiares, y se identificó una falta de compromiso con los estudios y dificultades con el sistema de créditos, que limita la elección de profesores. En otras palabras, la investigación reveló la necesidad de implementar programas preventivos, de monitoreo, psicosociales y psicoemocionales, así como una política pública de salud mental. Por tanto, se recomienda fortalecer los programas de tutoría y adaptar el currículo para mejorar el rendimiento académico y prevenir el rezago y la reprobación en la educación superior.

Resumo O ensino superior no México enfrenta desafios significativos em termos de insucesso e atraso académico, que afetam negativamente o desempenho académico dos estudantes e o seu desenvolvimento profissional e pessoal. De facto, e apesar dos esforços para reduzir estas taxas, as instituições de ensino superior continuam a procurar estratégias para resolver este problema. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a defasagem e o fracasso dos estudantes do ensino superior na perspectiva da tutoria, a fim de propor estratégias de melhoria contínua. Para isso, utilizou-se uma metodologia descritiva por meio de uma abordagem mista sequencial em duas etapas: primeiramente, foi aplicado um questionário a 413 alunos e, posteriormente, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa por meio de um grupo focal com 7 alunos e 10 entrevistas com os responsáveis pela processos relacionados à mentoria. Os resultados mostram que as disciplinas com maiores índices de reprovação são Inglês, Matemática, Tecnologias de Informação e Estatística. Da mesma forma, 66% dos alunos relataram problemas emocionais decorrentes de questões familiares, sendo identificado falta de comprometimento com os estudos e dificuldades com o sistema de créditos, o que limita a escolha dos professores. Ou seja, a pesquisa revelou a necessidade de implementação de programas preventivos, de monitoramento, psicossociais e psicoemocionais, bem como de uma política pública de saúde mental. Portanto, recomenda-se fortalecer os programas de tutoria e adaptar o currículo para melhorar o desempenho acadêmico e prevenir atrasos e fracassos no ensino superior.

Abstract Introduction: Emerging and re-emerging arboviral infections have become a public health challenge in the Americas due to their epidemic potential. Objective: To determine the spatio-temporal distribution of the dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses during an epidemic period in Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: Multi-method descriptive ecological and exploratory study of confirmed and suspected cases reported to the epidemiological surveillance system between 2014 and 2016. Results: 40,168 cases were analyzed, and it was found that dengue was the most frequent arboviral infection (59.2 %). The most affected individuals were women (65 %) and those with a mean age of 34.5 years. Although arboviral infections spread out throughout the city, the three diseases were concentrated in significant groups located at the center-east and northeast areas of Cali (p<0.01; z=-203.7). Conclusions: This study identified critical zones for the three arboviral infections, which are located in areas with low socioeconomic status. Likewise, the results suggest that in addition to eco-epidemiological and bio-psychosocial factors, temperature, precipitation, and the aedic index may play an important role in the spatio-temporal behavior of these diseases. A multidisciplinary and collaborative approach is necessary, which must involve communities and authorities to implement effective control strategies, especially during epidemic periods.

Resumo Introdução: Arbovírus emergentes e reemergentes representam um desafio de saúde pública nas Américas, devido ao seu potencial epidêmico. Objetivo: Determinar a distribuição espaço-temporal dos vírus dengue, Zika e chikungunya, em período epidêmico em Cali. Materiais e métodos: Estudo multimetodo, descritivo e ecológico exploratório de casos confirmados e suspeitos notificados ao sistema de vigilância epidemiológica, entre 2014 e 2016. Resultados: foram analisados 40.168 casos, constatou-se que a dengue foi a arbovirose mais frequente (59,2 %). Os indivíduos mais acometidos tinham idade média de 34,5 anos e eram predominantemente mulheres (65 %). Os arbovírus foram distribuídos por toda a cidade, mas foram identificados aglomerados significativos no centro-leste e nordeste de Cali para as três doenças (p<0,01; z=-203,7). Conclusão: Este estudo destaca a identificação de zonas críticas para as três arboviroses que estão localizadas em áreas com atraso socioeconômico. Além disso, os resultados sugerem que fatores eco-epidemiológicos e biopsicossociais adicionais à temperatura, à precipitação e ao índice aedico podem desempenhar um papel importante no comportamento espaço-temporal destas doenças. Recomenda-se uma abordagem multidisciplinar e colaborativa, envolvendo a comunidade e as autoridades, para implementar estratégias de controlo eficazes, especialmente durante períodos epidémicos.

Resumen Introducción: Las arbovirosis emergentes y reemergentes representan un reto de salud pública en las Américas, debido a su potencial epidémico. Objetivo: Determinar la distribución espaciotemporal de los virus del dengue, el Zika y el chikunguña, en un periodo epidémico en Cali. Materiales y métodos: Estudio multimétodo descriptivo y ecológico exploratorio de casos confirmados y presuntos notificados al sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica, entre 2014 y 2016. Resultados: Se analizaron 40.168 casos, se encontró que el dengue fue la arbovirosis más frecuente (59,2 %). Los individuos más afectados tenían una edad media de 34,5 años y eran predominantemente mujeres (65 %). Las arbovirosis se distribuyeron en toda la ciudad, pero se identificaron agrupamientos significativos en el centro-este y noreste de Cali para las tres enfermedades (p<0,01; z=-203,7). Conclusión: Este estudio destaca la identificación de zonas críticas para las tres arbovirosis que se localizan en áreas con rezago socioeconómico. Además, los resultados sugieren que factores eco-epidemiológicos y biopsicosociales adicionales a la temperatura, las precipitaciones y el índice aédico pueden desempeñar un papel importante en el comportamiento espaciotemporal de estas enfermedades. Se recomienda una aproximación multidisciplinaria y colaborativa, involucrando a la comunidad y las autoridades, para implementar estrategias de control efectivas, especialmente durante periodos epidémicos.

Abstract This contemporary review delves into the intricate realm of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function and dysfunction, shedding light on its multifaceted nature and offering insights into diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The TMJ, a vital component of the craniofacial complex, plays a pivotal role in everyday activities such as chewing, speaking, and yawning. Understanding its anatomy and physiology is paramount in the treatment and management of TMJ dysfunction. The biomechanics of TMJ function, from the articular disc to the surrounding ligaments and muscles, have been explored comprehensively. A critical aspect of this review revolves around the diverse etiological factors contributing to TMJ dysfunction. Genetic predispositions, parafunctions, occlusal irregularities, and psychological stress are dissected to illuminate the roles of these factors in the development of TMJ disorders. These complexities prompted the need for a robust classification system elucidating the clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria for various TMJ disorders. Modern diagnostic modalities, including clinical assessment, imaging techniques, and joint aspiration, are scrutinized for their indispensable roles in accurate diagnosis. The comprehensive overview included management strategies, from conservative measures to surgical interventions. In recognizing the pivotal influence of psychosocial factors, this review underscores the importance of patient-centered care and cognitive-behavioral interventions. Furthermore, regenerative therapies, minimally invasive techniques, and personalized medicine are emerging trends in TMJ research. This review provides a contemporary roadmap for comprehending, diagnosing, and managing TMJ-related conditions.

Resumen Esta revisión profundiza en el ámbito de la función y disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular (ATM), arrojando una luz sobre su naturaleza multifacética y ofreciendo información sobre estrategias diagnósticas y terapéuticas. La ATM, un componente vital del complejo craneofacial, desempeña un papel fundamental en actividades cotidianas como masticar, hablar y bostezar. Comprender su anatomía y fisiología es fundamental en el tratamiento y manejo de la disfunción de la ATM. Se ha explorado exhaustivamente la biomecánica de la función de la ATM, desde el disco articular hasta los ligamentos y músculos circundantes. Un aspecto crítico de esta revisión gira en torno a los diversos factores etiológicos que contribuyen a la disfunción de la ATM. Se analizan predisposiciones genéticas, parafunciones, irregularidades oclusales y estrés psicológico. Estas complejidades generaron la necesidad de un sistema de clasificación sólido que dilucidara las manifestaciones clínicas y los criterios de diagnóstico para diversos trastornos de la ATM. Las modalidades de diagnóstico modernas, incluída la evaluación clínica, las técnicas de imagen y la aspiración articular, son examinadas por su papel indispensable en el diagnóstico preciso. La descripción general integral incluyó estrategias de manejo, desde medidas conservadoras hasta intervenciones quirúrgicas. Al reconocer la influencia fundamental de los factores psicosociales, esta revisión subraya la importancia de la atención centrada en el paciente y las intervenciones cognitivo-conductuales. Además, las terapias regenerativas, las técnicas mínimamente invasivas y la medicina personalizada son tendencias emergentes en la investigación de la ATM. Esta revisión proporciona una hoja de ruta contemporánea para comprender, diagnosticar y tratar las afecciones relacionadas con la ATM.

Abstract To evaluate the association between socioeconomic, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in a sample of adolescent males from Colegio Técnico San Agustín de Cartago - Ciudad de los Niños (St. Augustine’s Technical High School), located in the Cartago Province of Costa Rica. Data for this study were obtained from a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in 2019. The sample consisted of 394 adolescent males aged between 12 and 22 years. OHRQoL was assessed using the validated Spanish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-49). The following variables were considered: age, parental education, having a remunerated job, Health-Related Quality of Life (measured via the SF-36 questionnaire), self-esteem (Rosenberg scale), perceived stress (PSS-14), depression (CES-D), physical activity, history of dropping out of school, flossing and tooth- brushing habits, eating snacks between meals, medication intake for illness, having received oral health care instructions, history of dental visits due to pain, frequency of dental visits, history of childhood tooth decay, and access to dental health care during childhood. Qualitative variables were analyzed using the Student's t-test, while Pearson correlation was used for quantitative variables. Multivariable analysis was performed using linear regression. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05 using STATA 14®. Enhanced general health-related quality of life (p<0.01) and early childhood dental attendance (p<0.01)were identified as factors associated with improved OHRQoL. Conversely, having had dental visits for pain (p<0.01), elevated depression symptomatology (p<0.01), and a history of childhood dental cavities (p<0.01) were all associated with worse OHRQoL. This study suggests a link between general and oral health. Experiences during childhood appear to set a standard for adolescence. Lastly, it is crucial to note the significant impact of mental health on the perception of oral health.

Resumen Evaluar las asociaciones entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud general, factores socioeconómicos, psicosociales y de estilo de vida con la Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud Oral (CVRSO) en una muestra de adolescentes varones del Colegio Técnico San Agustín de Cartago - Ciudad de los niños. Para analizar los determinantes de la CVRSO, se utilizaron los datos de un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo transversal de tipo observacional. La edad de los participantes osciló entre los 12 y 22 años y los datos fueron recolectados durante 2019. El indicador de salud utilizado fue la CVRSO, la cual se aproximó mediante el instrumento OHIP-49 (Oral Health Impact Profile). Las variables independientes utilizadas fueron la edad, el SF-36 (cuestionario de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud general), el PSS-14 (Escala de Estrés Percibido), CES-D (Escala de Depresión), la escala de Rosemberg (Escala de Autoestima), escolaridad de los padres, haber tenido un trabajo remunerado, realizar deporte, toma de medicamentos, haber desertado la escuela en algún momento, visitas al odontólogo regularmente, haber visitado al odontólogo por dolor, haber recibido instrucciones de higiene oral, haber tenido caries durante la infancia, acceso a servicios de salud oral durante la infancia, haber recibido tratamiento por dolor dental, uso del hilo dental, la frecuencia de cepillado y consumo de meriendas entre comidas. Para los análisis bivariados se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas T de Student y la correlación de Pearson. Para los análisis multivariados, se utilizó una regresión lineal ajustando por todas las variables significativas en el análisis bivariado. El umbral de significancia estadística utilizado fue de un 5% (p<0.05). El programa de estadística utilizado fue STATA versión 14®. Una mejor la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud general (p<0,01) y haber visitado los servicios odontológicos durante la infancia (p<0,01) se identificaron como factores que influyen positivamente en la CVRSO. Por el contrario, se observó que haber visitado al dentista por dolor (p<0,01), haber reportado sintomatología de depresión (p<0,01) y antecedentes de caries dentales infantiles (p<0,01), contribuyeron a una peor CVRSO. Este estudio sugiere un vínculo intrínseco entre la salud general y bucal. Las experiencias de salud durante la niñez parecen establecer un estándar para la adolescencia. Por último, es fundamental señalar el impacto significativo de la salud mental en la percepción de la salud bucal.

ABSTRACT The service manager plays a relevant role in the administration of subjective interrelationships within the team and with the users, as well as in preserving the mental health of these professionals. The aim of this article is to analyze and discuss the mental suffering of professionals in mental health teams, as well the management strategies for handling, care, and prevention, based on the perceptions of the managers of the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS). The research was conducted in 2022, with nine managers from CAPS III and Alcohol and Drug units in the city of Campinas-SP. Narratives were analyzed and systematized into thematic categories: management skills, manager-team conflicts, signs of mental distress, psychosocial factors related to work, work processes, collective and individual management, and administrative difficulties. The results highlighted the challenges of management, and the strategies adopted, such as the need for attentive listening to the workers, critical analysis of work processes, and the maintenance of spaces for dialogue, to prevent or identify signs of distress in the team. This research contributes to the understanding of the mental distress faced by mental health professionals and emphasizes the role of management in promoting health and addressing the challenges experienced by these professionals.

RESUMO O gestor do serviço de saúde tem papel relevante na administração das inter-relações subjetivas da equipe com os usuários, bem como preservação da saúde mental destes profissionais. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar e discutir o sofrimento mental dos profissionais das equipes de saúde mental, estratégias de gestão para manejo, cuidado e prevenção, a partir das percepções dos gestores dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (Caps). A pesquisa foi realizada no ano de 2022, com nove gestores dos Caps III e de Álcool e Drogas do município de Campinas-SP. As narrativas foram analisadas e sistematizadas em categorias temáticas: competências de gestão, conflitos gestor-equipe, sinais de sofrimento mental, fatores psicossociais relacionados ao trabalho, processos de trabalho, gestão do coletivo e do individual e dificuldades da administração. Os resultados evidenciaram as dificuldades da gestão e as estratégias adotadas, tais como a necessidade da escuta dos trabalhadores, da análise crítica dos processos de trabalho e manutenção de espaços de diálogo coletivo para evitar ou identificar sinais de sofrimento na equipe. Esta pesquisa contribui para a compreensão do sofrimento mental enfrentado pelos profissionais de saúde mental e destaca a participação da gestão na promoção da saúde e no enfrentamento dos desafios vivenciados por esses profissionais.

RESUMEN La satisfacción del cliente interno o trabajador, en el ámbito organizacional es fundamental para el logro de un ambiente armónico y una mayor productividad, pudiendo verse afectada por diversos factores de índole económico como psicosocial. El presente trabajo se centró en identificar los factores que influyen en la satisfacción laboral de los empleados en una empresa privada en Asunción Paraguay, en el año 2023. El diseño de estudio fue cuantitativo, descriptivo, de corte transversal, el muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia, donde se aplicó un cuestionario digital, en una población de 166 colaboradores de una empresa del área de capital entre los meses de abril y mayo. Los principales resultados fueron: 50,6% fueron mujeres, 54.8% de Central, 82.1% solteros, 47% es reconocido por el trabajo que desempeñan y 4.2% nunca lo han sido, se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el nivel de ingresos económicos y lo significativo del trabajo (p=0,023), la conformidad con el salario (p=0,001) y los medios y recursos para realizar el trabajo (p=0,004). El sexo y la conformidad con el salario y actividades desempeñadas (p=0,006) y medios y recursos para realizar el trabajo (p=0,031), y el nivel de formación y los medios y recursos para realizar el trabajo (p=0,003). Como conclusión, esta investigación ha demostrado que la satisfacción laboral se ve influenciada por una combinación de factores interrelacionados.

ABSTRACT Satisfaction in the organizational environment is fundamental for the achievement of a harmonious environment and greater productivity, and can be affected by various factors of an economic and psychosocial nature. This study focused on identifying the factors that influence employee job satisfaction in a private company in Paraguay, in the year 2023. The study design was quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, the sampling was non-probabilistic by convenience, where a digital questionnaire was applied in a population of 166 employees of a company in the capital area between the months of April and May. The main results were: 50.6% were women, 54.8% were from Central, 82.1% were single, 47% are recognized for the work they perform and 4.2% have never been recognized, a statistically significant association was found between the level of economic income and the significance of the work (p=0.023), the conformity with the salary (p=0.001) and the means and resources to perform the work (p=0.004). Gender and conformity with salary and activities performed (p=0.006) and means and resources to perform the job (p=0.031), and level of education and means and resources to perform the job (p=0.003). In conclusion, this research has shown that job satisfaction is influenced by a combination of interrelated factors.

RESUMO O gestor do serviço de saúde tem papel relevante na administração das inter-relações subjetivas da equipe com os usuários, bem como preservação da saúde mental destes profissionais. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar e discutir o sofrimento mental dos profissionais das equipes de saúde mental, estratégias de gestão para manejo, cuidado e prevenção, a partir das percepções dos gestores dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (Caps). A pesquisa foi realizada no ano de 2022, com nove gestores dos Caps III e de Álcool e Drogas do município de Campinas-SP. As narrativas foram analisadas e sistematizadas em categorias temáticas: competências de gestão, conflitos gestor-equipe, sinais de sofrimento mental, fatores psicossociais relacionados ao trabalho, processos de trabalho, gestão do coletivo e do individual e dificuldades da administração. Os resultados evidenciaram as dificuldades da gestão e as estratégias adotadas, tais como a necessidade da escuta dos trabalhadores, da análise crítica dos processos de trabalho e manutenção de espaços de diálogo coletivo para evitar ou identificar sinais de sofrimento na equipe. Esta pesquisa contribui para a compreensão do sofrimento mental enfrentado pelos profissionais de saúde mental e destaca a participação da gestão na promoção da saúde e no enfrentamento dos desafios vivenciados por esses profissionais. interrelações inter relações usuários manejo prevenção Caps. . (Caps) 2022 CampinasSP. CampinasSP Campinas SP. SP Campinas-SP temáticas gestorequipe, gestorequipe equipe, gestor-equipe adotadas trabalhadores (Caps 202 20 2

ABSTRACT The service manager plays a relevant role in the administration of subjective interrelationships within the team and with the users, as well as in preserving the mental health of these professionals. The aim of this article is to analyze and discuss the mental suffering of professionals in mental health teams, as well the management strategies for handling, care, and prevention, based on the perceptions of the managers of the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS). The research was conducted in 2022, with nine managers from CAPS III and Alcohol and Drug units in the city of Campinas-SP. Narratives were analyzed and systematized into thematic categories: management skills, manager-team conflicts, signs of mental distress, psychosocial factors related to work, work processes, collective and individual management, and administrative difficulties. The results highlighted the challenges of management, and the strategies adopted, such as the need for attentive listening to the workers, critical analysis of work processes, and the maintenance of spaces for dialogue, to prevent or identify signs of distress in the team. This research contributes to the understanding of the mental distress faced by mental health professionals and emphasizes the role of management in promoting health and addressing the challenges experienced by these professionals. users teams handling care prevention CAPS. . (CAPS) 2022 CampinasSP. CampinasSP Campinas SP. SP Campinas-SP categories skills managerteam conflicts processes difficulties adopted workers dialogue (CAPS 202 20 2

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular dysfunction in ankylosing spondylitis patients and healthy controls, examining the relationship between temporomandibular dysfunction and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis patients, as well as associations with psychosocial factors. METHODS: The study included 113 ankylosing spondylitis patients and 110 healthy individuals aged 18–75. Temporomandibular dysfunction presence was evaluated using Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis I. Disease activity was assessed with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index. RESULTS: Among healthy individuals, 60.9% did not receive a temporomandibular dysfunction diagnosis, while 39.1% received at least one diagnosis. In contrast, 69.9% of the 113 ankylosing spondylitis patients received at least one temporomandibular dysfunction diagnosis, and only 30.1% were not included in any diagnosis group (p<0.001). Joint (p=0.001) and pain disorders (p=0.008) were significantly more common in the ankylosing spondylitis group than in the healthy controls. Significant associations emerged between Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (p<0.001) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (p=0.005) scores and pain disorders. CONCLUSION: Temporomandibular dysfunction is more prevalent in ankylosing spondylitis patients than in healthy individuals, linked to increased joint issues and pain associated with disease activity. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05839925. OBJECTIVE controls factors METHODS 11 1875 18 75 18–75 I RESULTS 609 60 9 60.9 391 39 1 39.1 contrast 699 69 69.9 301 30 30.1 p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 . 0 001 p=0.001 (p=0.001 p=0.008 p0008 008 (p=0.008 (p<0.001 p=0.005 p0005 005 (p=0.005 CONCLUSION ClinicalTrialsgov ClinicalTrials gov ID NCT05839925 NCT 187 7 18–7 6 60. 3 39. 69. 30. p000 p<0.00 00 p=0.00 (p=0.00 (p<0.00 NCT0583992 18– p00 p<0.0 p=0.0 (p=0.0 (p<0.0 NCT058399 p0 p<0. p=0. (p=0. (p<0. NCT05839 p<0 p=0 (p=0 (p<0 NCT0583 p< p= (p= (p< NCT058 (p NCT05 NCT0

Frente a um cenário de aumento dos adoecimentos mentais relacionados ao trabalho, torna-se cada vez mais popular a expressão “riscos psicossociais no trabalho” para se referir a aspectos no trabalho que devem ser observados na preservação da saúde mental dos trabalhadores. Institutos de pesquisa públicos governamentais estabelecem definições sobre o que são estes riscos psicossociais e seus impactos na saúde e se tornam referência para a atuação em seus países. No entanto, constata-se nelas uma mistura entre os fatores causadores de violências, e os danos e agravos à saúde propriamente ditos. A partir dos estudos sobre saúde mental e trabalho presentes na literatura científica recente, destacamos na discussão do que são os riscos psicossociais, duas questões centrais não podem faltar: a organização do trabalho e seu impacto na subjetividade do trabalhador e as relações sociais que estruturam a sociedade e também estão presentes no cotidiano do trabalho, marcando e diferenciando socialmente trabalhadores e trabalhadoras, influenciando a distribuição de poder e de melhores e piores condições de trabalho conforme raça, classe social, gênero, capacidades, entre outras formas de separação e identificação de coletivos humanos.

We are facing a crisis of an increasing work-related mental illnesses, which makes the expression “psychosocial risks at work” increasingly popular to refer to aspects at work that must be observed to preserve workers' mental health. Public government research institutes establish definitions of what these psychosocial risks are and their impacts on health and become references for action in their countries. However, there is a mix between the factors that cause violence and the damage and health problems themselves. Based on studies on mental health and work present in recent scientific literature, we highlight two central issues cannot be missed: the organization of work and its impact on the worker's subjectivity and the social relations that structure the society marking and socially differentiating male and female workers, influencing the distribution of power and better and worse working conditions according to race, social class, gender, capabilities, among other forms of separation and identification of collectives humans.

Ante un escenario de aumento de las enfermedades mentales relacionadas con el trabajo, la expresión “riesgos psicosociales en el trabajo” se está volviendo cada vez más popular para referirse a aspectos en el trabajo que deben ser observados para preservar la salud mental de los trabajadores. Los institutos de investigación de los gobiernos públicos establecen definiciones acerca de cuáles son estos riesgos psicosociales y sus impactos en la salud y se convierten en referentes para la acción en sus países. Sin embargo, existe una mezcla entre los factores que causan la violencia y los daños y problemas de salud mismos. Con base en estudios sobre salud mental y trabajo presentes en la literatura científica reciente, resaltamos en la discusión acerca de qué son los riesgos psicosociales, no pueden faltar dos temas centrales: la organización del trabajo y su impacto en la subjetividad del trabajador y que las relaciones sociales que estructuran la sociedad también están presentes en el trabajo cotidiano, marcando y diferenciando socialmente a trabajadores y trabajadoras, influyendo en la distribución del poder y en las mejores y peores condiciones laborales según raza, clase social, género, capacidades, entre otras formas de separación e identificación de colectivos humanos.

BACKGROUND: The work environment presents major challenges for breastfeeding mothers through the physical separation of the mother and the baby post maternity leave OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences of employed breastfeeding mothers from designated workplaces (with more than 50 employees) in Worcester, South Africa METHOD: This qualitative study was conducted using focus group discussions (FDGs). Employed breastfeeding mothers from designated retail, manufacturing and public workplaces were recruited from local communities. Eligible participants were those who had exclusively or predominantly breastfed their children for up to 6 months and had given birth within the last 24 months. A community fieldworker recruited participants and coordinated scheduling for the FDGs RESULTS: Five FDGs (N=24) were conducted. The mothers described returning to work as emotionally and logistically challenging. Those who continued breastfeeding while working demonstrated a strong commitment to and belief in breastfeeding. Consistent enabling factors and main sources of support mentioned included immediate family members, such as grandmothers, siblings and spouses. The challenges identified were a lack of private spaces and time to express breastmilk at work, an unsupportive workplace culture and a lack of work-life balance. The support needs identified for a successful return to work while breastfeeding included flexible schedules, designated private spaces for expressing milk, supportive colleagues and managers and active engagement with senior management on breastfeeding support CONCLUSION: There is a need for psychosocial support for breastfeeding mothers to manage the emotional demands of returning to work and logistical support, such as providing breastfeeding spaces and time for expressing breastmilk. Human resource managers, occupational health nurses and wellness officials should inform mothers about the recommendation to provide breastfeeding breaks at work. Engagement and advocacy efforts with workplaces and these stakeholders on the importance of breastfeeding support should be initiated

Abstract Self-injurious behaviours in adolescents can impede the free development of their person, and are a potentiator of suicidal ideation and behaviour. They are classified as violence towards oneself. The aim of the present study is to identify the factors that contribute to the emergence of these self-harming (self-destructive) behaviours; they stand out as a way in which some adolescents express their emotional pain or seek relief. In this study, and based on a qualitative approach with an exploratory design, the aim is to identify aspects of the subject. The research setting was virtual, and was used to collect data from a structured questionnaire in which predisposing factors such as family dynamics, social relationships, negative thoughts, coping, as well as social and professional support received are addressed. The population consisted of adolescents 18-20 years of age. After exploring self-injurious behaviours in late adolescents, psychological and social factors that contribute to these behaviours are highlighted, such as family dynamics, interpersonal relationships, situations of violence, thoughts about past experiences. It is important to mention that adolescence is a phase in which individuals face challenges of autonomy and identity, and thus the importance of overcoming this stage. Likewise, there are obstacles that prevent the full development of potential, and sometimes adolescents may engage in self-injurious behaviour in order to express through the body what they find difficult to express in other ways.

Resumo Os comportamentos autolesivos em adolescentes podem impedir o livre desenvolvimento de sua pessoa e são potencializadores de ideação e comportamento suicida. Eles são classificados como violência contra si mesmo. O objetivo do presente estudo é identificar os fatores que contribuem para o surgimento desses comportamentos autolesivos (autodestrutivos), os quais se destacam como uma maneira pela qual alguns adolescentes expressam sua dor emocional ou buscam alívio. Neste estudo, baseado em uma abordagem qualitativa, com um desenho exploratório, pretende-se identificar aspectos próprios do tema. O ambiente de pesquisa foi virtual e foi utilizado para coletar dados de um questionário estruturado no qual são abordados fatores predisponentes como dinâmica familiar, relações sociais, pensamentos negativos, enfrentamento, bem como apoio social e profissional recebido. A população era composta de adolescentes de 18 a 20 anos. Depois de explorar os comportamentos autolesivos em adolescentes tardios, são destacados os fatores psicológicos e sociais que contribuem para esses comportamentos, como a dinâmica familiar, as relações interpessoais, as situações de violência e os pensamentos sobre experiências passadas. É importante mencionar que a adolescência é uma fase em que os indivíduos enfrentam desafios de autonomia e identidade e, portanto, a importância de superar essa fase. Da mesma forma, há obstáculos que impedem o pleno desenvolvimento do potencial e, às vezes, os adolescentes podem se envolver em comportamentos autolesivos para expressar, por meio do corpo, o que acham difícil expressar de outras formas.

Resumen Las conductas autolesivas en adolescentes llegan a impedir el libre desarrollo de su persona, y son potenciadoras de ideaciones y conductas relacionadas con el suicidio. Son clasificadas como violencia hacia uno mismo. El objetivo del presente estudio es identificar los factores que contribuyen a la aparición de estas conductas autolesivas (autodestructivas); estas se destacan por ser una forma en la que algunos adolescentes expresan su dolor emocional o buscan alivio. En el presente estudio, y a partir del enfoque cualitativo con diseño exploratorio, se pretende identificar aspectos propios del tema. El escenario de investigación fue virtual, y se utilizó para recopilar datos a partir de un cuestionario estructurado en el que se abordan factores predisponentes como dinámicas familiares, relaciones sociales, pensamientos negativos, afrontamiento; así como el apoyo social y profesional recibido. La población está conformada por adolescentes de 18 a 20 años. Luego de explorar las conductas autolesivas en adolescentes en la etapa tardía, se destacan factores psicológicos y sociales que contribuyen a estas conductas, tales como dinámica familiar, relaciones interpersonales, situaciones de violencia, pensamientos sobre experiencias pasadas. Es importante mencionar que la adolescencia es una fase en la que los individuos enfrentan desafíos de autonomía e identidad, y por ello la importancia de superar la etapa. Así mismo, hay obstáculos que impiden el desarrollo pleno del potencial, y en ocasiones el adolescente puede tener comportamientos autolesivos para expresar mediante el cuerpo lo que se le dificulta difícil expresar por otras vías.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los factores y riesgos psicosociales laborales han adquirido mayor relevancia para el análisis y transformación de las dinámicas laborales en las últimas décadas. Sin embargo, resulta compleja la comprensión y diferenciación entre estos conceptos, lo cual dificulta su gestión efectiva. Se propone debatir sobre la dialéctica de los factores psicosociales: de riesgo, protectores y riesgos psicosociales, su diferenciación y su gestión eficaz. Desarrollo: Se dialoga con definiciones ofrecidas por diferentes expertos sobre los factores psicosociales laborales: de riesgo, protectores y los riesgos psicosociales, arribando a una comprensión de su diferenciación y su dialéctica en la práctica. A su vez, se recomiendan pautas de acción para una gestión eficaz de la seguridad y salud laboral, que integre los factores psicosociales desde un enfoque proactivo, para potenciar el desarrollo humano en el trabajo. Conclusiones: Se sugiere un marco de referencia para una gestión integral, integrada y participativa de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo en las organizaciones laborales, con énfasis en un enfoque psicosocial y proactivo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Psychosocial work factors and risks have acquired greater relevance for the analysis and transformation of work dynamics in recent decades. However, the understanding and differentiation between these concepts is complex, which makes their effective management difficult. It is proposed to debate the dialectic of psychosocial factors: risk, protective and psychosocial risks, their differentiation and effective management. Development: There is dialogue with definitions offered by different experts on psychosocial work factors: risk, protective and psychosocial risks, arriving at an understanding of their differentiation and dialectic in practice. At the same time, action guidelines are recommended for effective management of occupational health and safety, which integrates psychosocial factors from a proactive approach, to enhance human development at work. Conclusions: A frame of reference is suggested for a comprehensive, integrated and participatory management of safety and health at work in labor organizations, with emphasis on a psychosocial and proactive approach.