ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) scale is used to assess psychosocial benefits provided to caregivers by the task of caring. The PAC scale consists of nine items, assessed using a five-point Likert scale, with higher values indicating greater positive perceptions and gains from the caregiving experience. OBJECTIVE: To translate and culturally adapt the PAC scale for informal Brazilian caregivers of people with dementia. DESIGN AND SETTING: A methodological study was conducted at the Federal University of São Carlos. METHODS: The following stages were carried out: Translation; Synthesis of the translations; Back-translation; Evaluation by an experts’ committee; and Pre-test. RESULTS: Two independent professionals translated the PAC scale. The consensus version was obtained by merging both translations, which were back-translated into English by a third translator. The expert committee comprised three specialists in the area and project researchers. All scale items presented a Content Validity Index of 1 (CVI = 1.0), and thus remained in the pre-final version of the instrument. The instrument was pre-tested with seven caregivers of people with dementia, the majority of whom were women (57.1%), with a degree of kinship corresponding to sons/daughters (57.1%) and an average age of 55.2 (± 4.1) years. The caregivers considered it clear and understandable and made no suggestions for changes. CONCLUSION: The PAC scale was translated and culturally adapted for use by informal caregivers of people with dementia in Brazil. However, a psychometric analysis of the instrument is necessary to provide normative data for this population group. BACKGROUND (PAC caring fivepoint five point experience OBJECTIVE SETTING Carlos METHODS out Translation translations Backtranslation Back translation Back-translation experts Pretest. Pretest Pre test. test Pre-test RESULTS backtranslated back translator researchers CVI 1.0, 10 1.0 , 0 1.0) prefinal pre final pretested tested 57.1%, 571 57.1% 57 sonsdaughters sons daughters (57.1% 552 55 2 55. ± ( 4.1 41 4 years changes CONCLUSION Brazil However group 1. 57.1 5 (57.1 4. 57. (57. (57 (5

Resumen: Los pacientes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) están más vulnerables al sufrimiento psíquico inducido por la pandemia de la Covid-19. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las repercusiones del aislamiento social en la salud física y mental de pacientes con diagnóstico de TCA durante el primer año de la pandemia de Covid-19 e investigar sus reacciones al cambio de la atención presencial a la online. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, con diseño longitudinal. Participaron 13 pacientes mujeres, con edades de entre 13 y 66 años, en seguimiento en un servicio vinculado al Sistema Único de Salud (SUS). Los datos se recogieron de manera remota mediante un formulario aplicado y reaplicado en un intervalo de seis meses. Los resultados se sometieron a análisis temático reflexivo y se agruparon en cuatro categorías centrales: Adaptación a las condiciones de aislamiento social; Repercusiones emocionales en la escucha del persistente rumor de la muerte; calidad de la alimentación, gestión de las emociones y nivel de insatisfacción corporal; y facilidades y obstáculos percibidos en la transición a la atención en línea. Los resultados muestran una marcada vulnerabilidad psicosocial, que se refleja en el empeoramiento de los síntomas preexistentes y en la aparición de nuevos sufrimientos psicológicos, lo que indica la necesidad de intensificar el seguimiento, de acuerdo con las adaptaciones requeridas. Resumen (TCA Covid19. Covid19 Covid 19. 19 Covid-1 online cualitativa exploratoria longitudinal 1 mujeres 6 años SUS. SUS . (SUS) meses centrales muerte alimentación corporal línea psicosocial psicológicos requeridas Covid1 Covid- (SUS

Abstract: Patients with eating disorders (EDs) are considered more vulnerable to pandemic-induced psychological distress due to COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to analyze the repercussions of social isolation on the physical and mental health of patients diagnosed with EDs during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate their reactions to the shift from face-to-face to online care. This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory research with a longitudinal design. In total, 13 female patients aged from 13 to 66 years and who were in outpatient follow-up participated in this research. Data were remotely collected using a form applied and reapplied at a six-month interval. Results were subjected to thematic reflective analysis and grouped into four central categories: Adaptation to conditions of social isolation; Emotional repercussions: listening to the persistent rumor of death; Quality of food, management of emotions, and level of body dissatisfaction; Transition to online care: perceived facilities and barriers. Results show marked psychosocial vulnerability, which is reflected in the worsening of preexisting symptoms and the emergence of new psychological suffering, indicating the need to intensify the monitoring in this period, according to the adaptations required by the pandemic scenario. Abstract (EDs pandemicinduced induced COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 facetoface face care qualitative descriptive design total 1 6 followup follow up sixmonth six month interval categories death food emotions dissatisfaction barriers vulnerability suffering period scenario COVID1 COVID-

Resumo: Pacientes com transtornos alimentares (TAs) são considerados mais vulneráveis ao sofrimento psíquico induzido pela pandemia de Covid-19. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as repercussões do isolamento social na saúde física e mental de pacientes com diagnóstico de TAs durante o primeiro ano da pandemia de Covid-19 e investigar suas reações à mudança do atendimento presencial para o online. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória, com delineamento longitudinal. Participaram 13 pacientes do sexo feminino, com idades entre 13 e 66 anos, em seguimento ambulatorial em um serviço vinculado ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Os dados foram colhidos de forma remota, por meio de um formulário aplicado e reaplicado em um intervalo de seis meses. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise temática reflexiva e agrupados em quatro categorias centrais: adaptação às condições de isolamento social; repercussões emocionais ao escutar o persistente rumor da morte; qualidade da alimentação, gestão das emoções e nível de insatisfação corporal; e facilidades e barreiras percebidas na transição para o atendimento online. Os achados evidenciam marcada vulnerabilidade psicossocial, que se reflete na piora de sintomas preexistentes e no aparecimento de novos sofrimentos psíquicos, indicando a necessidade de intensificar o acompanhamento terapêutico no período pandêmico, de acordo com as adaptações requeridas. Resumo (TAs Covid19. Covid19 Covid 19. 19 Covid-1 online Tratase Trata qualitativa exploratória longitudinal 1 feminino 6 anos SUS. SUS . (SUS) remota meses centrais morte alimentação corporal psicossocial psíquicos pandêmico requeridas Covid1 Covid- (SUS

Abstract Objective Chronic kidney disease treatment requires renal replacement therapy, with two possibilities - hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Due to physical and psychosocial stressors, adherence to treatment becomes a challenge. Coping strategies play a mediating role between patients, health, and the disease. This study aimed to identify potential associations between the level of adherence to dialysis treatment, therapeutic modalities, and types of coping used. Method A quantitative study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 233 patients who responded to four instruments, analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Were observed higher levels of adherence in attitudes towards social restrictions in peritoneal dialysis patients, and that both groups use different coping strategies. There are associations between confrontational and supportive coping and therapeutic adherence. Conclusion Subjects on peritoneal dialysis have a better attitude towards therapeutic adherence, highlighting the need for greater investment in this treatment. therapy stressors challenge health modalities used nonprobabilistic non probabilistic 23 instruments statistics 2

Resumo Objetivo A doença renal crônica exige, no tratamento, a realização de terapia renal substitutiva, com duas possibilidades – hemodiálise ou diálise peritoneal. Devido a estressores físicos e psicossociais, a adesão ao tratamento torna-se um desafio. As estratégias de enfrentamento têm papel mediador entre paciente, saúde e doença. O presente estudo objetivou identificar possíveis associações entre o nível de adesão ao tratamento dialítico, modalidades terapêuticas e tipos de enfrentamento utilizados. Método Realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, com amostra não probabilística de 233 pacientes, que responderam quatro instrumentos, analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados Observou-se melhores índices na adesão de atitudes frente às restrições sociais nos pacientes em diálise peritoneal, e que os grupos utilizam diferentes estratégias de enfrentamento. Há associações entre enfrentamentos confrontivo e sustentativo, e adesão terapêutica. Conclusão Sujeitos em diálise peritoneal possuem melhor atitude frente à adesão terapêutica, alertando sobre a necessidade de maior investimento nesse tratamento. exige substitutiva psicossociais tornase torna se desafio paciente dialítico utilizados Realizouse Realizou quantitativa 23 instrumentos inferencial Observouse Observou sustentativo terapêutica 2

RESUMO: Neste trabalho, são apresentados resultados de uma pesquisa longitudinal, orientada pelo objetivo de identificar como ocorreu a adaptação dos professores e seus níveis de estresse e ansiedade durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Assim, realizou-se um estudo transversal, exploratório, de campo, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, em que foram utilizados três instrumentos: IADQ, para identificar o Transtorno de Adaptação; IDATE, para medir o nível de Ansiedade-Estado; e o TSI, medindo o estresse docente, além de questões sociobiográficas. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e regressão logística. Foi incluída, ainda, uma questão aberta, permitindo que os professores se expressassem livremente sobre seus sentimentos. Esses depoimentos foram analisados por nuvem de palavras, sendo que seis desses depoimentos resultaram na composição de um vídeo: https://youtu.be/N6q7iz09WWk. Assim, 129 professores foram acompanhados por um ano, durante a pandemia, de modo a se obter os dados, e tornando possível perceber que, aproximadamente, três em cada quatro professores da amostra passaram pelo transtorno de ajustamento durante o período de coleta, e um em cada dois apresentaram nível de ansiedade-estado alto. Nesse sentido, verificaram-se os seguintes fatores associados à probabilidade de não estarem adaptados à pandemia: ser mulher, estar casado, e a forma negativa com que percebem o cotidiano após tantas restrições e riscos. Entretanto, foram verificados fatores que puderam contribuir com o ajustamento dos professores, como: tempo de docência, percepção positiva sobre o estado de saúde física, e não utilização de substâncias, como álcool, cigarro, medicamentos e outras. Desse modo, verificou-se a vulnerabilidade psicossocial dos professores durante o período de pandemia, tornando inequívoca a necessidade de desenvolvimento de políticas públicas e privadas que contribuam com o ajustamento dessas pessoas, principalmente pensando na repercussão negativa que essa situação pode ter, inclusive, ao longo dos anos. RESUMO trabalho longitudinal COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 Assim realizouse realizou transversal exploratório campo qualitativa instrumentos IADQ Adaptação IDATE AnsiedadeEstado Ansiedade Estado Ansiedade-Estado TSI docente sociobiográficas logística incluída ainda aberta sentimentos palavras vídeo https//youtu.be/N6q7iz09WWk. httpsyoutubeN6q7iz09WWk httpsyoutubeNqizWWk https //youtu.be/N6q7iz09WWk. youtu be N6q7iz09WWk N q iz WWk https://youtu.be/N6q7iz09WWk 12 ano aproximadamente coleta ansiedadeestado alto sentido verificaramse verificaram mulher casado riscos Entretanto docência física substâncias álcool cigarro outras verificouse verificou pessoas ter inclusive anos COVID1 1 COVID-1 https//youtu.be/N6q7iz09WWk httpsyoutubeN youtubeN6q7iz09WWk youtubeNqizWWk //youtu.be/N6q7iz09WWk NqizWWk COVID- youtubeN

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the results of longitudinal research to identify professors’ adaptation and stress and anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted cross-sectional, exploratory, quantitative, and qualitative fieldwork. We used three instruments (the International Adjustment Disorder Questionnaire to identify the adjustment disorder, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to measure the anxiety state, and the Teacher Stress Inventory to measure professors’ stress) and socio-biographical questions. We analyzed the data through descriptive statistics and logistic regression. We also included an open question for professors to express their feelings openly. We analyzed these testimonies through word clouds, and six were transformed into a video: https://youtu.be/N6q7iz09WWk. To obtain the data, we followed 129 professors for one year during the pandemic. We found that approximately 3 out of 4 professors in the sample experienced adjustment disorder during the data collection period, and 1 out of 2 professors had a high level of state anxiety. The following factors were associated with the probability of not being adapted to the pandemic: being a woman, being married, and having a negative perception of their daily lives after so many restrictions and risks. However, other factors could contribute to professors’ adjustment: years of teaching, a positive perception of their physical health, and the non-use of substances such as alcohol, cigarettes, medication, and others. Therefore, we identified the psychosocial vulnerability of professors during the pandemic. Consequently, we highlight the need to develop public and private policies to unequivocally contribute to these individuals’ adjustment, especially considering the negative repercussions this situation can have over the years. ABSTRACT COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional exploratory quantitative fieldwork StateTrait State Trait sociobiographical socio biographical questions regression openly clouds video https//youtu.be/N6q7iz09WWk. httpsyoutubeN6q7iz09WWk httpsyoutubeNqizWWk https //youtu.be/N6q7iz09WWk. youtu be N6q7iz09WWk N q iz WWk https://youtu.be/N6q7iz09WWk 12 period woman married risks However teaching health nonuse non use alcohol cigarettes medication others Therefore Consequently individuals COVID1 COVID- https//youtu.be/N6q7iz09WWk httpsyoutubeN youtubeN6q7iz09WWk youtubeNqizWWk //youtu.be/N6q7iz09WWk NqizWWk youtubeN

RESUMEN: Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación longitudinal que tuvo como objetivo identificar la adaptación de los docentes y sus niveles de estrés y ansiedad durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Así, 129 profesores fueron asistidos durante un año durante la pandemia para obtener los datos. Fue posible notar que aproximadamente 3 de cada 4 maestros en la muestra experimentaron un trastorno de adaptación durante el período de recolección de datos y 1 de cada 2 maestros tuvo un alto nivel de ansiedad estado. En este sentido, se encontraron los siguientes factores asociados a la probabilidad de no estar adaptados a la pandemia: ser mujer, estar casada y la forma negativa que perciben su vida cotidiana tras tantas restricciones y riesgos. Sin embargo, otros factores podrían contribuir al ajuste de los docentes: el tiempo de docencia, la percepción positiva sobre el estado de salud física y no usar sustancias como alcohol, cigarrillos, medicamentos y otros. Por lo tanto, se verificó la vulnerabilidad psicosocial de los profesores durante el período de pandemia, lo que hace inequívoca la necesidad de desarrollar políticas públicas y privadas que contribuyan al ajuste de estas personas, especialmente considerando las repercusiones negativas que esta situación puede tener, incluso, a lo largo de los años. RESUMEN COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 Así 12 sentido mujer riesgos embargo docencia alcohol cigarrillos tanto personas tener incluso años COVID1 COVID-1 COVID-

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a experiência de mulheres com 35 anos ou mais acerca da transição para a maternidade não planejada. Método: Estudo qualitativo descritivo, com entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis mulheres nessa faixa etária, selecionadas por conveniência, realizado em um ambulatório de pré-natal de alto risco entre julho de 2022 e julho de 2023. A análise foi baseada na Teoria das Transições. Resultados: Identificaram-se três categorias principais: Propriedades da transição (atributos da maternidade tardia); Condições da transição (fatores pessoais, sociais e comunitários como facilitadores ou inibidores); e Padrões de resposta (estratégias de enfrentamento e adaptação). Os resultados destacam a complexidade emocional e psicossocial, incluindo impacto do estigma social, desafios de saúde e a dualidade da idade avançada, que traz desafios e maturidade. Conclusão: Enfatiza-se a necessidade de políticas públicas e suporte especializado para promover saúde mental, bem-estar e integração social, visando uma transição mais saudável e empoderada para a maternidade. Objetivo 3 planejada Método descritivo etária conveniência prénatal pré natal 202 2023 Transições Resultados Identificaramse Identificaram se principais atributos tardia tardia) fatores pessoais inibidores inibidores) estratégias adaptação. adaptação . adaptação) psicossocial social avançada maturidade Conclusão Enfatizase Enfatiza mental bemestar bem estar 20 2

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la experiencia de mujeres de 35 años o más respecto de la transición a la maternidad no planificada. Método: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo, con entrevistas semiestructuradas a seis mujeres de este grupo etario, seleccionadas por conveniencia, realizado en una clínica prenatal de alto riesgo entre julio de 2022 y julio de 2023. El análisis se basó en la Teoría de las Transiciones. Resultados: Se identificaron tres categorías principales: Propiedades de la transición (atributos de la maternidad tardía); Condiciones de transición (factores personales, sociales y comunitarios como facilitadores o inhibidores); y Patrones de respuesta (estrategias de afrontamiento y adaptación). Los resultados resaltan la complejidad emocional y psicosocial, incluido el impacto del estigma social, los desafíos de salud y la dualidad de la vejez, que trae desafíos y madurez. Conclusión: Se enfatiza la necesidad de políticas públicas y apoyo especializado para promover la salud mental, el bienestar y la integración social, apuntando a una transición a la maternidad más saludable y empoderada. Objetivo 3 planificada Método descriptivo etario conveniencia 202 2023 Transiciones Resultados principales atributos tardía tardía) factores personales inhibidores inhibidores) estrategias adaptación. adaptación . adaptación) psicosocial social vejez madurez Conclusión mental empoderada 20 2

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the experience of women aged 35 or over regarding the transition to unplanned motherhood. Method: A descriptive qualitative study, with semi-structured interviews with six women in this age group, selected by convenience, carried out in a high-risk prenatal clinic between July 2022 and July 2023. Analysis was based on Transitions Theory. Results: Three main categories were identified: Transition properties (attributes of late motherhood); Transition conditions (personal, social and community factors as facilitators or inhibitors); and Response patterns (coping and adaptation strategies). The results highlight the emotional and psychosocial complexity, including the impact of social stigma, health challenges and the duality of old age, which brings both challenges and maturity. Conclusion: The need for public policies and specialized support to promote mental health, well-being and social integration is emphasized, aiming for a healthier and more empowered transition to motherhood. Objective 3 motherhood Method study semistructured semi structured group convenience highrisk high risk 202 2023 Theory Results identified attributes motherhood) personal, personal (personal inhibitors inhibitors) coping strategies. strategies . strategies) complexity stigma maturity Conclusion wellbeing well being emphasized 20 2

Resumen Estudio exploratorio-descriptivo sobre un grupo de profesionales costarricenses en psicología acerca de sus actitudes hacia la aplicación de los principios psicológicos en la práctica odontológica. La muestra fue de 377 psicólogos (activos en el Colegio de Profesionales en Psicología de Costa Rica). A partir del cuestionario original diseñado por Gómez y Gómez (2007), el cual fue construido para estimar la necesidad de conformar programas universitarios que integren la psicología y la odontología, se aplicó una adaptación consistente en una encuesta de 10 preguntas autoadministradas de selección simple, la cual se efectuó en línea a través del sistema QuestionPro®. Se pudo evidenciar que existe una actitud positiva ante el enfoque interdisciplinario entre la Odontología y la Psicología; se demostró que un 74% de la muestra sostiene que los aspectos psicosociales son “Bastante importantes” en el marco de la atención odontológica. A pesar de ello, la mayoría (57%) de las personas consultadas indicó que no ha tenido ocasión de aplicar sus conocimientos y experiencia en psicología al contexto odontológico. Asimismo, un 72% de los participantes considera “Bastante importante” que los profesionales en Odontología reciban capacitación básica en el área psicológica para la prevención o contención de ciertos síntomas que puedan incidir en la salud mental. Por otra parte, el 80% de quienes respondieron la encuesta indicaron que las iniciativas interdisciplinarias de colaboración científica (investigación) y aplicada (ejercicio profesional) son “Bastante importantes” para producir beneficios tangibles en la prestación de servicios integrales a los pacientes y el bienestar del personal sanitario.

Abstract Exploratory-descriptive study on a group of Costa Rican professionals in psychology about their attitudes towards the application of psychological principles in dental practice. The sample consisted of 377 psychologists (active in the Association of Psychology Professionals of Costa Rica). From the original questionnaire designed by Gómez and Gómez (2007), which was built to estimate the need to create university programs that integrate psychology and dentistry, an adaptation consisting of a survey of 10 self-administered questions of simple selection was applied, which was carried out online through the QuestionPro® system. It was possible to show that there is a positive attitude towards the interdisciplinary approach between Dentistry and Psychology; it was shown that 74% of the sample maintains that psychosocial aspects are “Quite important” in the context of dental care. Despite this, the majority (57%) of the people consulted indicated that they had not had the opportunity to apply their knowledge and experience as psychologists to the dental context. Likewise, 72% of the participants consider it “Quite important” that dental professionals receive basic training in the psychological area for the prevention or containment of certain symptoms that may affect mental health. On the other hand, 80% of the survey respondents indicated that interdisciplinary initiatives of professional scientific (research) and applied (practice) collaboration are “Quite important” to produce tangible benefits in the provision of comprehensive services to patients and wellbeing of health personnel.

Resumo Devido à pandemia da Covid-19, desde 2020 as Universidades foram obrigados a cancelar as atividades presenciais e implementarem atividades EaD em modalidades síncronas e assíncronas. Este artigo objetiva relatar experiência Oficinas on-line com estudantes recéns ingressos nos cursos de graduação no ensino superior público. Assim, a preocupação é promover Acolhimento aos estudantes ingressantes nas universidades, período crítico de adaptação. A metodologia qualitativa constou em 2022 de realização de 21 Oficinas no modo on-line na universidade. Obteve-se 78 participações nas Oficinas on-line após sistematização de envio de convites pelo aplicativo Teams e processo de construção de categorias pelo diário de campo e Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Denotou-se a importância da conexão psicossocial no momento do ingresso universitário e a preparação técnica docente essencial para alcance efetivo das modalidades virtuais. Espera-se realizar uma ampla discussão comunitária de aspectos favorecedores à formação no ensino superior público tanto na capacitação docente quanto nas ferramentas de EaD e atividades grupais sobre o impacto e o protagonismo estudantil na garantia de permanência derivada.

Abstract Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, since 2020 Universities have been forced to cancel face-to-face activities and implement EaD activities in synchronous and asynchronous modalities. This article aims to report on the experience of online workshops with newly enrolled students in public higher education courses. Thus, the concern is to promote welcoming to students entering universities, a critical period of adaptation. The qualitative methodology consisted in 2022 of carrying out 21 Workshops in online mode at university. There were 78 participations in the Online Workshops after systematizing the sending of invitations through the Teams application and the process of building categories through the field diary and Bardin's Content Analysis. The importance of the psychosocial connection at the moment of entering the university and the essential technical preparation of teachers for the effective reach of virtual modalities was noted. It is expected to carry out a broad community discussion of aspects that favor training in public higher education, both in teacher training and in EaD tools and group activities on the impact and student protagonism in guaranteeing derived permanence.

Resumen Antecedentes: La Escala de Intensificación de las Demandas Laborales (IDS) es un instrumento multidimensional diseñado para captar el fenómeno de la intensificación laboral que caracteriza a las sociedades occidentales modernas. Sin embargo, en España, el instrumento no ha sido validado para evaluar este fenómeno. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la IDS para su adaptación a una muestra heterogénea de trabajadores españoles. Método: La muestra estuvo formada por 722 trabajadores españoles (57,8% mujeres) que completaron una batería de cuestionarios entre enero-abril de 2022. Resultados: Un modelo correlacionado de cinco factores, como en la IDS original, tuvo un ajuste óptimo con 15 ítems, y mostró invarianza en género, nivel de estudios y antigüedad dentro de la organización. Los coeficientes de fiabilidad fueron satisfactorios, y la adaptación de la escala mostró evidencias de validez convergente, discriminante e incremental. Conclusiones: La adaptación española de la IDS es una medida válida y fiable para analizar el fenómeno de la intensificación laboral en España.

Abstract Background: The Intensification of Job Demands Scale (IDS) is a multidimensional instrument designed to capture the phenomenon of work intensification that characterizes modern Western societies. However, in Spain the instrument has not been validated to assess this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the IDS adaptation with a heterogeneous sample of Spanish workers. Method: The sample consisted of 722 Spanish workers (57.8% female, 42.2% male) who completed a survey between January and April 2022. Results: A five-factor correlated model, as in the original IDS, had an optimal fit with 15 items, and displayed invariance across gender, level of education, and organizational tenure. Reliability coefficients were all satisfactory, and scale adaptation showed evidence of convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. Conclusions: The Spanish adaptation of the IDS is a valid, reliable measure for analyzing the phenomenon of work intensification and intensified job demands in Spain.

Resumen Introducción: el Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) evalúa la carga que implica el autocuidado de personas con enfermedades crónicas y el impacto que la asistencia sanitaria genera en su calidad de vida. Objetivos: adaptar y validar psicométricamente la versión en español del cuestionario TBQ-esclerosis múltiple al contexto de la diabetes mellitus (DM) en pacientes atendidos en el sector público de Argentina. Materiales y métodos: estudio analítico de adaptación transcultural y validación psicométrica de un cuestionario. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y un análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC). La validez de criterio concurrente se evaluó a través de la correlación Pearson con tres escalas (OMS-5, PHQ-9 y test de Morisky-Green). La fiabilidad se analizó a través del coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, de la fiabilidad compuesta y la varianza media extractada. Resultados: participaron 256 personas. La versión adaptada fue adecuadamente comprendida por la población destinataria. El AFE (n=100) permitió hipotetizar cuatro dominios: 1) tratamiento farmacológico; 2) asistencia sanitaria/sistema de salud; 3) mantenimiento de un estilo de vida y su repercusión económica; 4) esfera psicosocial. En el AFC (n=156) las cargas factoriales del 87,5% (14/16) de los ítems fueron mayores a 0,5 con significancia estadística. Se documentó correlación inversa (-0,46; p=0,0002) con el puntaje OMS-5 y directa (0,36; p=0,0046) con PHQ-9. Los pacientes categorizados como “no adherentes” mediante la escala de Morisky-Green-Levine arrojaron un resultado de TBQ-DM de 16,99 (IC 95%: 0,95 a 33,03) puntos más que los pacientes categorizados como “adherentes” (p=0,0383). La consistencia interna del cuestionario fue muy buena (alfa de Cronbach: 0,87), su fiabilidad compuesta fue aceptable y su validez divergente, baja. Conclusiones: el TBQ en español adaptado a DM2 tiene aceptables propiedades psicométricas. Su implementación podría ofrecer cuidados basados en la persona.

Abstract Introduction: the Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) assess the load that implies the self-care for people with chronic diseases and the impact that medical assistance produce in their quality of life. Objectives: to adapt and psychometrically validate the spanish version of the TBQ-multiple sclerosis questionnaire to the diabetes mellitus (DM) context in patients treated in the Argentinian public health sector. Materials and methods: analytic study of transcultural adaptation and psychometric validation of a questionnaire. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed. Concurrent criterion validity was evaluated through Pearson correlation with three scales (WHO-5, PHQ-9, Morisky-Green Test). Reliability was evaluated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, composite reliability, and average variance extracted. Results: 256 people participated. The adapted version was adequately understood by the target population. EFA (n=100) allowed for the hypothesis of four domains: 1) pharmacological treatment; 2) healthcare/health system; 3) maintenance of a lifestyle and its economic impact; 4) psychosocial sphere. In the CFA (n=156), the factor loadings of 87.5% (14/16) of the items were greater than 0.5 with statistical significance. An inverse correlation (-0.46; p=0.0002) with the WHO-5 index and a direct correlation (0.36; p=0.0046) with the PHQ-9 scale were documented. Patients categorized as “non-adherent” by the Morisky-Green-Levine scale had a TBQ-DM score of 16.99 (95% CI: 0.95 to 33.03) points higher than patients categorized as “adherent” (p=0.0383). The internal consistency of the questionnaire was very good (Cronbach's alpha: 0.87), its composite reliability was acceptable, and its divergent validity was low. Conclusions: the spanish TBQ adapted to DM2 has acceptable pyshcometric properties. Its implementation can help offer a person-centered care.

This paper tries to summarize the results of studies from different areas of knowledge supporting the idea that temperamental traits, such as “reckless/hyper-exploratory” attitudes, commonly believed to be associated with psychopathology, surprisingly turn out as adaptive under specific stress conditions. In particular, this paper analyzes an ethologic line of research on primates suggesting models for a sociobiological interpretation of mood disorders in humans; a study that found high frequencies of a genetic variance associated with bipolar disorder in people without bipolar disorder but with hyperactivity/novelty-seeking traits; the outcomes of socio-anthropological-historical surveys on the evolution of mood disorders in Western countries in the last centuries; surveys on changing societies in Africa and African migrants in Sardinia; and studies that found higher frequencies of mania and subthreshold mania among Sardinian immigrants in Latin American megacities. Although it is not unequivocally accepted that the prevalence of mood disorders has increased, it would be logical to suppose that a nonadaptive condition should have disappeared over time; mood disorders, on the contrary, persist and their prevalence might have even increased. This new interpretation could lead to counter discrimination and stigma towards people suffering from the disorder and would be a central point in psychosocial treatments in addition to pharmacological therapy. Our aim is to hypothesize that bipolar disorder, strongly characterized by these traits, may be the result of the interaction between genetic characteristics, not necessarily pathological, and specific environmental conditions rather than a mere product of an aberrant genetic profile. If mood disorders were mere nonadaptive conditions, they would have disappeared over time; however, their prevalence paradoxically persists if not even increases over time. The hypothesis that bipolar disorder may result from the interaction between genetic characteristics, not necessarily pathological, and specific environmental factors seems more credible than considering bipolar disorder as a mere product of an aberrant genetic profile. traits reckless/hyperexploratory recklesshyperexploratory reckless/hyper exploratory reckless hyper “reckless/hyper-exploratory attitudes psychopathology particular humans hyperactivity/noveltyseeking hyperactivitynoveltyseeking hyperactivity/novelty seeking hyperactivity novelty socioanthropologicalhistorical socio anthropological historical centuries Sardinia megacities increased time contrary therapy characteristics pathological profile however hyperexploratory recklesshyper noveltyseeking hyperactivitynovelty

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: La pandemia por COVID-19 incidió en los ritmos y frecuencias de consumo de sustancias, así como en su abordaje. El objetivo fue analizar las modificaciones en el consumo de sustancias y en los dispositivos de abordaje territorial respecto a la demanda de atención, y las limitaciones y oportunidades para dar respuesta en contexto de crisis sociosanitaria. MÉTODOS: Se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa a través de 10 entrevistas a trabajadores/as que se desempeñaban en dispositivos territoriales del Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. El relevamiento de los datos secundarios fue realizado a través de buscadores de la web en sitios oficiales. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron variaciones en el consumo de sustancias y las frecuencias. Se incrementaron las situaciones de vulnerabilidad psicosocial de la población. Las consultas relacionadas con acceso a derechos fueron las más frecuentes. La modalidad remota y el uso de herramientas digitales permitieron continuar con ciertas intervenciones, pero al mismo tiempo tuvieron limitaciones (como sobrecarga de trabajo). Las estrategias implementadas para facilitar la accesibilidad fueron variables. Los equipos refirieron una compleja adaptación a las nuevas modalidades y dinámicas de atención, asistencia y acompañamiento. DISCUSIÓN: La pandemia ha demostrado el rol invaluable de los dispositivos de abordaje territorial. Resulta imperioso acrecentar y fortalecer la red con recursos humanos y materiales acordes.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic affected both rhythms and frequencies of substance use as well as its approach. The aim was to analyze the changes in substance use and in territorial community centers related to health care demand, along with limitations and opportunities to provide solutions in the context of a social and health crisis. METHODS: A qualitative research was conducted through 10 interviews to employees working in territorial community centers in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires. The secondary data were collected through web search engines in official sites. RESULTS: Variations in substance use and frequencies have been identified. There was a higher psychosocial vulnerability among the population. Inquiries related to access to rights were the most frequent ones. The remote modality and the use of digital tools allowed some interventions to continue, but at the same time they had limitations (such as work overload). The strategies implemented to facilitate accessibility varied. Teams reported a complex adaptation to new modalities and dynamics of care, assistance and support. DISCUSSION: The pandemic has shown the invaluable role played by territorial community centers. It is of utmost importance to provide human resources and necessary materials to extend and strengthen the network of territorial community centers.

Resumen El estudio de la confianza interpersonal es crucial para el desarrollo psicosocial humano. Se ha observado que, durante la niñez, favorece el comportamiento moral y prosocial, los vínculos de amistad, la competencia social, la experiencia de emociones positivas y el rendimiento académico, entre otros aspectos. El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo adaptar y validar la Cross Cultural Children Trust Beliefs Scale (CCCTBS), a fin de poder evaluar este constructo en población argentina. La muestra incluyó 348 niños (51.2 % mujeres; 48.8 % varones), de entre 8 y 12 años de edad (m = 10.58; DE = 1.31), quienes completaron la CCCTBS y una escala de apego. Se consiguió una versión conceptual y semánticamente equivalente a la original, con buenas propiedades psicométricas. La escala argentina conserva el mismo número de ítems y replica el modelo operacional de partida, constituido por tres bases principales de la confianza: fiabilidad (α = .76; ω = .80), confianza emocional (α = .72; ω = .78) y honestidad (α = .78; ω = .83). Las puntuaciones de la CCCTBS correlacionaron positiva y significativamente con la medida de apego seguro, lo que aporta evidencias de su validez nomológica.

Abstract The study of interpersonal trust is crucial for human psychological development. It has been observed that it enhances moral and prosocial behavior during childhood, as well as friendship bonds, social competence, experience of positive emotions and academic performance, among others. This research aimed to adapt and validate the Cross-Cultural Children Trust Beliefs Scale (CCCTBS), to assess this construct in the Argentine population. The sample included 348 children (51.2 % female; 48.8 % male) aged 8 to 12 years (m = 10.58; SD = 1.31), who completed the CCCTBS and an attachment scale. A version, conceptually and semantically equivalent to the original was obtained, with good psychometric properties. The Argentine scale retains the same number of items and replicates the starting operational model, consisting of three main bases of trust: reliability (α = .76; ω = .80), emotional trust (α = .72; ω = .78) and honesty (α = .78; ω = .83). The CCCTBS scores correlated positively and significantly with the secure attachment measure, providing evidence of its nomological validity.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Most patients with serious and progressive diseases such as HIV/AIDS face a variety of psychological challenges, which is why in this research we ask ourselves what is the psychological state of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome disease interned at the Institute of Tropical Medicine in the year 2022. Objective: To evaluate the psychological state of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, admitted to the Institute of Tropical Medicine in 2022. Methodology: Descriptive, prospective study of a mixed approach with a non-experimental design in which 100 patients with a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS admitted to the IMT in the period from January to July 2022 were included, finding the following most relevant results: 30 to 66% of the total were 44 years old, coming from Asunción (31%), and Central area (53%). Regarding the cognitive state, 61% were lucid, located in time and space, memory and attention were affected in 51% of the patients; affective state: fear or apprehension were the main stages, followed by worry and impotence. Analyzing the somatic state, it was seen that the rest was bad, as was the diet. In relation to the interpersonal state, 87% had family support, the behavioral state showed inconsistencies in coping with symptoms and adherence. Conclusion: Sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, the perception of social support, beliefs related to the disease, personality traits, social skills, coping styles, among others, may allow patients with HIV/AIDS to face the disease in order to achieve adaptation and well-being of your general health.

RESUMEN Introducción: La mayoría de los pacientes con enfermedades graves y progresivas como el VIH/SIDA se enfrentan a una variedad de desafíos psicológicos, es por eso que en esta investigación nos preguntamos cual es el estado psicológico de pacientes con la enfermedad del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, internados en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical en el año 2022. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado psicológico de pacientes con la enfermedad del síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, internados en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical en el año 2022. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo de enfoque mixto con diseño no experimental en el que se incluyeron a 100 pacientes con diagnóstico de VIH/SIDA internados en el IMT en el periodo de enero a julio de 2022, encontrando los siguientes resultados: 30 a 44 años en el 66% del total, procedentes de Asunción (31%), y del área Central (53%). Con respecto al estado cognitivo el 61% estaba lúcido, ubicado en tiempo y espacio, la memoria y atención se ven afectadas en el 51% de los pacientes; estado afectivo: el miedo o temor fueron los estadíos principales, seguido de la preocupación e impotencia. Analizando el estado somático se vio que el descanso fue malo, al igual que la alimentación. En relación al estado interpersonal el 87% contaba con apoyo familiar, el estado conductual mostró incoherencias en cuanto al afrontamiento de los síntomas y la adherencia. Conclusión: Los factores sociodemográficos y psicosociales la percepción de apoyo social, las creencias relacionadas con la enfermedad, los rasgos de personalidad, las habilidades sociales, los estilos de afrontamiento, entre otras, pueden permitir a los pacientes con VIH/ SIDA afrontar la enfermedad para lograr la adaptación y el bienestar de su salud general

Abstract Instruments to evaluate psychosocial determinants of fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption among adolescents are scarce, and there appears to be only one instrument - unnamed and unvalidated - that investigates determinants derived from theories of social psychology targeting the frequency of F&V consumption among adolescents. The scope of this paper was to present the process of cultural adaptation and factor validation of this instrument al-lowing its use in studies with Brazilian adolescents. The cross-cultural adaptation process was accomplished and the final version - named Psychosocial Influence Scale for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption among Adolescents (PSI-FAVES) - was tested with 429 students (58% female) using McDonald’s omega (ω) reliability and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as analytical methods. The final version required refinement and the instrument showed adequate overall reliability (ω=0.86) and good fit of the data to the previously elaborated model (CFI=0.955; TLI=0.951 and RMSEA (90%CI) =0.043 (0.038-0.049)), being the first systematically validated instrument to investigate psychosocial determinants of F&V consumption among adolescents. FV F V (F&V scarce allowing al lowing crosscultural cross PSIFAVES PSI FAVES (PSI-FAVES 42 58% 58 (58 female McDonalds McDonald s ω (ω CFA (CFA methods ω=0.86 ω086 0 86 (ω=0.86 CFI=0.955 CFI0955 CFI 955 (CFI=0.955 TLI0951 TLI 951 TLI=0.95 90%CI 90CI CI 90 (90%CI 0043 043 =0.04 0.0380.049, 00380049 0.038 0.049 , 038 049 (0.038-0.049)) 4 5 (5 ω=0.8 ω08 8 (ω=0.8 CFI=0.95 CFI095 95 (CFI=0.95 TLI095 TLI=0.9 9 004 04 =0.0 0380 0.0380.049 0038004 0038 0.03 0049 0.04 03 (0.038-0.049) ( ω=0. ω0 (ω=0. CFI=0.9 CFI09 (CFI=0.9 TLI09 TLI=0. 00 =0. 0.0380.04 003800 003 0.0 (0.038-0.049 ω=0 (ω=0 CFI=0. CFI0 (CFI=0. TLI0 TLI=0 =0 0.0380.0 00380 0. (0.038-0.04 ω= (ω= CFI=0 (CFI=0 TLI= = 0.0380. (0.038-0.0 CFI= (CFI= 0.0380 (0.038-0. (CFI (0.038-0 (0.038- (0.038 (0.03 (0.0 (0. (0

Resumo Instrumentos para avaliar determinantes psicossociais da ingestão de frutas, verduras e legumes (FLV) de adolescentes são escassos, e há um instrumento - sem nome e validação - que investiga estes determinantes oriundos de teorias da psicologia social e direcionado à frequência de ingestão semanal de FLV de adolescentes. O objetivo foi apresentar o processo de adaptação e validação fatorial deste instrumento para ser aplicado em estudos na população brasileira. Realizou-se equivalência conceitual e de itens; equivalência semântica por tradutores e especialistas e semântica e operacional por entrevistas dirigidas com público-alvo. A versão final - denominada Escala de Influências Psicossociais da ingestão de Frutas, Verduras e Legumes de Adolescentes (PSI-FAVES) - foi testada com 429 estudantes (58% mulheres) utilizando confiabilidade por ômega de McDonald (ω) e Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) como métodos analíticos. A versão final demandou refinamento e o instrumento apresentou confiabilidade total adequada (ω=0,86) e bom ajuste dos dados ao modelo previamente conjecturado (CFI=0,955; TLI=0,951 e RMSEA (90%IC)=0,043 (0,038-0,049), sendo o primeiro instrumento sistematicamente validado para investigar determinantes psicossociais da ingestão de FLV de adolescentes. frutas (FLV escassos brasileira Realizouse Realizou se itens públicoalvo. públicoalvo público alvo. alvo público-alvo Frutas PSIFAVES PSI FAVES (PSI-FAVES 42 58% 58 (58 mulheres ω (ω AFC (AFC analíticos ω=0,86 ω086 0 86 (ω=0,86 CFI=0,955 CFI0955 CFI 955 (CFI=0,955 TLI0951 TLI 951 TLI=0,95 90%IC=0,043 90IC0043 IC 90%IC =0,043 90 043 (90%IC)=0,04 0,0380,049, 00380049 0,038 0,049 , 038 049 (0,038-0,049) 4 5 (5 ω=0,8 ω08 8 (ω=0,8 CFI=0,95 CFI095 95 (CFI=0,95 TLI095 TLI=0,9 90%IC=0,04 90IC004 90IC 0043 =0,04 9 04 (90%IC)=0,0 0380 0,0380,049 0038004 0038 0,03 0049 0,04 03 (0,038-0,049 ( ω=0, ω0 (ω=0, CFI=0,9 CFI09 (CFI=0,9 TLI09 TLI=0, 90%IC=0,0 90IC00 004 =0,0 (90%IC)=0, 0,0380,04 003800 003 0,0 (0,038-0,04 ω=0 (ω=0 CFI=0, CFI0 (CFI=0, TLI0 TLI=0 90%IC=0, 90IC0 00 =0, (90%IC)=0 0,0380,0 00380 0, (0,038-0,0 ω= (ω= CFI=0 (CFI=0 TLI= 90%IC=0 =0 (90%IC)= 0,0380, (0,038-0, CFI= (CFI= 90%IC= = (90%IC) 0,0380 (0,038-0 (CFI (90%IC (0,038- (0,038 (0,03 (0,0 (0, (0

RESUMEN Introducción: El estrés psicosocial laboral es el proceso que se inicia ante un conjunto de condiciones que se producen en el organismo, tanto en la esfera física como psicológica, individual y grupal, como consecuencia de exigencias originadas en el trabajo que superan las capacidades de respuesta y de adaptación del sujeto. Objetivos: Explorar las características del estrés psicosocial laboral y su relación con variables sociolaborales en una población trabajadora del municipio habanero de Arroyo Naranjo, 2021. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en una muestra de 92 trabajadores pertenecientes a tres sectores: agricultura 69,6 % (64), educación 17,4 % (16) y salud 13,0 % (12), seleccionados por un muestreo al azar. Para medir el estrés psicosocial laboral se aplicó el cuestionario Job Stress Survey a través de variables dependientes: presión de trabajo, falta de apoyo social en el trabajo, falta de organización en el trabajo y falta de realización profesional y como variables independientes: edad, sexo, estado civil, años de trabajo, evaluación nutricional y actividad económica. Resultados: La falta de organización fue la principal causa generadora de estrés psicosocial, tanto en intensidad como en frecuencia, la alta presión en el trabajo los afectó con bastante intensidad mientras que la falta de apoyo social con bastante frecuencia. Las mujeres estuvieron más expuestas a estresores laborales que los hombres. Conclusiones: La falta de organización y la alta presión son las causas generadoras de estrés psicosocial laboral en los tres sectores de la economía estudiados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Psychosocial occupational stress is the process started by a set of conditions that occur in the organism, in the physical, as well as in the psychological, individual and group spheres, as a consequence of demands originating in work that exceed the subject's response and adaptation capacities. Objectives: To explore the characteristics of psychosocial occupational stress and its relationship with social-occupational variables in a working population of Arroyo Naranjo Municipality in Havana, 2021. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 92 workers from three sectors: agriculture (64; 69.6%), education (16; 17.4%) and health (12; 13.0%), selected by random sampling. To measure psychosocial occupational stress, the Job Stress Survey Questionnaire was applied through dependent variables: occupational pressure, lack of social support at work, lack of occupational organization, and lack of professional fulfillment. The following independent variables were used: age, sex, marital status, years of work, nutritional evaluation and economic activity. Results: The lack of organization was the main cause of psychosocial stress, both in intensity and frequency. The high occupational pressure affected the respondents quite intensely, while lack of social support affected them quite frequently. Women were more exposed to occupational stressors than men. Conclusions: The lack of organization and the high pressure are the causes generating psychosocial occupational stress in the three sectors of the economy considered in this studied.